I-Decoding Load Balancing Primitives

Nanini na inkqubo yakho ikhula, ukunyuka kwetrafikhi, abasebenzisi abaninzi ngakumbi basebenzisa iimveliso zakho, iiseva ziqala ukuphendula kancinci, ixesha lokuphumla linyanzela ishishini lakho ukuba libandezeleke emva koko uqale ukucinga malunga nokunyusa.

Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokulinganisa - ngokuthe nkqo kunye nokuthe tye.

Ukukala okuthe nkqo kujonge ukonyusa amandla enkqubo ngokongeza rhoqo i-CPU, kunye ne-RAM kwiiseva zakho.

Ngokwahlukileyo, ukukala okuthe tye kugxininise ekuphindaphindeni (okanye ukudibanisa) iiseva zakho kwiqula lezixhobo.

Okungakumbi kwezi:

Ukukala ngokuthe nkqo

Ukukala ngokuthe nkqo yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yenkqubo yezithuthi eziphantsi kuba yeyona ndlela ifikelelekayo yokuphatha ukukhula ngaphandle kokwazisa ubunzima obongezelelweyo. Awudingi ukukhathalela malunga nokuthumela izicwangciso zeqela lezixhobo, ukuqina kwesixhobo semithombo, ukungabi nabume komncedisi wakho, i-cache esasaziweyo, njalo njalo.

Nangona kunjalo, ukukala okuthe nkqo kuneengxaki ezinkulu

1. Umda we-Hardware kuba akunakwenzeka ngokungenasiphelo ukongeza izixhobo
2. Ukunqongophala kwe-failover kunye nokuphindaphinda kuphakamisa umngcipheko wokuba nexesha elide lokunciphisa kunye nokulahlekelwa kwedatha

Ukukala okuthe tye

Ukukala okuthe tye kuphelisa ezi ngxaki ngokwenza iiseva zesicelo sakho kwaye uzinzise inxalenye efana nesilinganisi somthwalo .

Isilinganisi somthwalo sisasaza itrafikhi kwiiseva zakho sisebenzisa iialgorithms ezithile ezinje:

1. Round-robin
2. Ubunzima obungqukuva-robin
3. IP hash-based approaches
4. Ubuncinci indlela yokudibanisa
5. Indlela yoqhagamshelo enzima
6. Indlela yokuphendula encinci, kunye nezinye ezininzi.

Nangona kunjalo, inezithintelo ezininzi:

1. Iiseva kufuneka zingabi nalizwe
2. Iiseshoni kufuneka ziqhubeke kwindawo yokugcina idatha
3. Inzima ngakumbi ukusasaza amaqhinga ingafuneka
4. Isilinganisi somthwalo sinokuba ngumqobo wokusebenza ukuba asilungiswanga kakuhle kwaye nemithombo ayonelanga
5. Yazisa ukuntsonkotha okongezelelweyo kwinkqubo kwaye ime njengendawo enye yokusilela, efuna ukusetyenziswa kwezicwangciso eziliqili.

L4 / L7 Layisha ibhalansi

Kwizixhobo ezibini kwi-intanethi ukunxibelelana omnye komnye, iinkqubo ezisisiseko kufuneka zilandele iiprothokholi ezithile. Wonke umntu weva ngemodeli ye-OSI, echaza iileya ezisixhenxe ezisetyenziswa ziinkqubo zekhompyuter ukunxibelelana ngenethiwekhi. Nangona i-intanethi yanamhlanje isekwe kwimodeli ye-protocol ye-TCP/IP elula, imodeli ye-OSI isetyenziswa kakhulu, njengoko inceda ukubona nokunxibelelana ngendlela uthungelwano olusebenza ngayo kwaye inceda ukwahlula kunye nokusombulula iingxaki zothungelwano.

Uninzi lwezisombululo zokulinganisa umthwalo woshishino zisebenzisa amagama e-L4 kunye ne-L7 apho i-L4 ibhekisela kuluhlu lwezothutho kwimodeli ye-OSI kunye ne-L7 ibhekisela kuluhlu lwesicelo.

I-balancer yomthwalo we-L4 iseyi-L2/L3 ekubeni isebenzisa idatha esuka kumaleko asezantsi njengedilesi ye-IP kunye nenombolo ye-port.

Iinzuzo eziphambili ze-L4 yokulinganisa umthwalo

• Ikhuseleke ngakumbi kwaye iyaqhuba njengoko umxholo wedatha ungathathwanga ekwenzeni izigqibo zomzila

• Uxhulumaniso olufanayo lwe-TCP lubambe phakathi komxhasi kunye nomncedisi, onceda ukunqanda ukugqithiswa komda wodibaniso olukhoyo lwe-TCP kwi-balancer yomthwalo.

  
  

Ukungalungi okuphambili kwe-L4 yokulinganisa umthwalo

• Indlela ekrelekrele ayinakwenzeka kuba umxholo awucoci
• Iprothokholi esemthethweni izisa ubunzima obongezelelweyo
• Imephu phakathi kweedilesi zikawonke-wonke kunye nezabucala
• Akukho caching kuba umxholo awufumaneki kweli nqanaba
• Akwenzeki ukusetyenziselwa ulwakhiwo lwee-microservices kuba ulwalathiso lwetrafikhi alufumaneki ngokusekwe kwindlela ye-url

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-balancer yomthwalo we-L7 isebenza kwinqanaba lesicelo kwimodeli ye-OSI

Iinzuzo eziphambili ze-L7 yokulinganisa umthwalo

• Izigqibo ezihlakaniphile zingenziwa ngokusekelwe kwindlela ye-URL, iintloko, umxholo

• Ugcino

  
  

Ukungalungi okuphambili kwe-L7 yokulinganisa umthwalo

• I-overhead eyongezelelweyo ngenxa yokugcinwa koqhagamshelwano lwe-TCP ezimbini, enye phakathi komthengi kunye ne-balancer yomthwalo, okwesibini phakathi kwe-balancer yomthwalo kunye nomncedisi. Kwakhona, umda wokudityaniswa komthwalo we-TCP kufuneka uqwalaselwe
• Ukhuseleko oluncinci kuba isilinganisi somthwalo kufuneka sazi izatifikethi ukuze sikwazi ukucofa idatha kwaye senze izigqibo zomzila

Ukuqukumbela

Isilinganisi sokulayishwa licandelo elibalulekileyo xa ukukala okuthe tye kusetyenziswa ukujongana neenkqubo zetrafikhi ephezulu. Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zokulinganisa umthwalo we-L4 kunye ne-L7.

1. Isilinganisi somthwalo se-L4 sikhuseleke ngakumbi kwaye sisebenza ngenxa yothintelo lokwenza izigqibo ezikrelekrele

2. I-L7 ibhalansi yomthwalo isebenza ngendlela yokubonelela ngezigqibo zomzila ezikrelekrele ngenxa yeendleko zokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko

   
   

Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zenkqubo kwaye kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngononophelo kunye nebhalansi efanelekileyo yokusebenzisa imigaqo yokhuseleko kunye nokuphelisa imiqobo yokusebenza.