Decoding Load Balancing Primitives

Pese painokura sisitimu yako, traffic inowedzera, vashandisi vazhinji vanoshandisa zvigadzirwa zvako, maseva anotanga kupindura zvishoma nezvishoma, nguva yekuderera inomanikidza bhizinesi rako kutambura wobva watanga kufunga nezve kuyera.

Pane nzira mbiri dzekutanga dzekuyera - vertical uye horizontal.

Vertical scaling inotarisira kuwedzera simba rehurongwa nekuwedzera kazhinji CPU, uye RAM kumaseva ako.

Mukupesana, kuyera kuyera kunotarisa pakudzokorora (kana cloning) maseva ako mudziva rezviwanikwa.

Zvimwe pane izvi:

Vertical scaling

Vertical scaling ndiyo yakanakisa sarudzo kune yakaderera-traffic sisitimu nekuti ndiyo nzira inosvikika yekubata kukura pasina kuunza kumwe kuoma. Iwe haufanirwe kuve nehanya nekutumira mazano eboka rezviwanikwa, kusimba kwedziva rezviwanikwa, kusagadzikana kweserver yako, cache yakagoverwa, zvichingodaro.

Nekudaro, kuyera kwakatwasuka kune zvakakomba zvinokanganisa

1. Hardware muganho sezvo zvisingaite nekusingaperi kuwedzera zviwanikwa
2. Kushaikwa kwekukundikana uye redundancy kunomutsa njodzi yekuve nekurebesa kuderera uye kurasikirwa kwedata

Horizontal scaling

Horizontal scaling inobvisa matambudziko aya nekubatanidza maseva ako ekushandisa uye nekumisikidza chinhu senge Load balancer .

A load balancer inogovera traffic pamaseva ako uchishandisa chaiwo algorithms akadai se:

1. Round-robin
2. Weighted round-robin
3. IP hash-based approaches
4. Kashoma yekubatanidza nzira
5. Weighted shoma yekubatanidza nzira
6. Nzira shoma yekupindura, nezvimwe zvakawanda.

Kunyange zvakadaro, ine zvipingamupinyi zvakawanda:

1. Masevha anofanira kunge asina nyika
2. Zvirongwa zvinofanirwa kuenderera muchitoro che data
3. More complicated kuendesa mazano zvingadiwa
4. Mutoro unoremerwa unogona kuita bhodhoro rekuita kana rikasagadziriswa uye zviwanikwa zvisina kukwana
5. Inounza kuwedzera kuomarara kune sisitimu uye inomira senge ingangoita imwe pfungwa yekutadza, iyo inoda kushandisa failover mazano.

L4 / L7 Rodha zviremera

Kuti midziyo miviri painternet itaurirane, masisitimu ari pasi anofanira kutevedzera mapuroteni chaiwo. Wese munhu akanzwa nezve OSI modhi, inotsanangura mitsara minomwe inoshandiswa nemakomputa kutaurirana pamusoro petiweki. Kunyangwe iyo internet yemazuvano yakavakirwa pane yakapfava TCP/IP protocol stack modhi, iyo OSI modhi inoshandiswa zvakanyanya, sezvo ichibatsira kuona uye kutaurirana mashandiro anoita network uye kubatsira kupatsanura uye kugadzirisa matambudziko etiweki.

Mazhinji maindasitiri ekuyera kuyera mhinduro anoshandisa mazwi L4 uye L7 apo L4 inoreva iyo yekufambisa layer muOSI modhi uye L7 inoreva iyo application layer.

Iyo L4 load balancer ichiri L2/L3 sezvo ichishandisa dhata kubva pazasi maseru senge IP kero uye nhamba yechiteshi.

Mabhenefiti makuru eL4 load balancer

• Iyo yakachengeteka zvakanyanya uye inoita sezvo zvemukati data hazviitwe mukuita sarudzo dzekufambisa

• Iyo imwechete TCP yekubatanidza inobata pakati pemutengi uye sevha, iyo inobatsira kudzivirira kudarika muganho uripo weTCP yekubatanidza pane inotakura mitoro.

  
  

Kukanganisa kukuru kweL4 load balancer

• Hungwaru routing hazvigoneke sezvo zvirimo hazvisi kudhipfenyura
• Stateful protocol inounza kumwe kuomarara
• Mepu pakati pemakero eruzhinji neepachivande
• Hapana caching sezvo zvirimo zvisipo padanho rino
• Hazvigoneke kushandisa kune microservices architecture sezvo traffic redirection isingawanikwe zvichienderana neurl nzira

Kune rimwe divi, iyo L7 load balancer inoshanda padanho rekushandisa muOSI modhi

Mabhenefiti makuru eL7 load balancer

• Sarudzo dzakangwara dzinogona kuitwa zvichibva pane URL nzira, misoro, zvirimo

• Caching

  
  

Kukanganisa kukuru kweL7 load balancer

• Kuwedzera pamusoro nekuda kwekuchengetedza maviri TCP kubatana, imwe pakati pemutengi uye mutoro wemutoro, wechipiri pakati pemutoro wemutoro uye sevha. Zvakare, iyo inoremedza inorema TCP yekubatanidza muganho inoda kutariswa
• Isina kuchengetedzeka sezvo muyedzo wemutoro anofanirwa kuziva zvitupa kuti akwanise kudhipta data uye kuita sarudzo dzenzira

Mhedziso

Load balancer chinhu chakakosha kana yakachinjika scaling inoshandiswa kubata yakakwirira-traffic masisitimu. Kune marudzi maviri makuru ezviyereso zvekutakura L4 uye L7.

1. L4 load balancer yakachengeteka zvakanyanya uye inoita nekuda kwekugumira pakuita sarudzo dzakangwara

2. L7 load balancer inoshanda nenzira yekupa hungwaru hwekuita sarudzo nekuda kwemutengo wekuita nekuchengetedzeka

   
   

Kusarudza rudzi rwakakodzera kunoenderana nezvinodiwa nehurongwa uye inofanirwa kutariswa zvakanyatsonaka nechiyero chinonzwisisika chekushandisa misimboti yekuchengetedza uye kubvisa mabhodhoro ekuita.