Since the 1980s, Street Fighter has entertained millions of players worldwide. With their unique characters, fun gameplay, and stunning visuals, it’s no surprise the franchise has been a success. However, with the many games in the series, it might be hard to follow the story, especially when the chronological order of the games is not the same as its release order. To help get a better understanding of the story, here is the Street Fighter timeline explained. Street Fighter Timeline: Putting the Games in Chronological Order Street Fighter Street Fighter Alpha Street Fighter Alpha 2 Street Fighter Alpha 3 Street Fighter 2 Street Fighter 4 Street Fighter 5 Street Fighter 3 1. Street Fighter (1987) The first in the series, both in chronological and release order, Street Fighter made its debut in arcades everywhere. It’s a fighting game like the rest in the series, but it’s more simple. However, it’s easy to see the features of the game that would go on to be fundamental for the rest of the series and in fighting games in general. The story of Street Fighter is simple: a fighter named Ryu competes in the Street Fighter tournament. It would be the first appearance of the popular character, and his rival and friend Ken would also make his debut. The game also included characters such as Sagat, Adon, Gen, and Birdie; characters that would become playable in future installments. 2. Street Fighter Alpha: Warrior’s Dreams (1995) Taking place between Street Fighter and Street Fighter 2 in the chronological Street Fighter Timeline is the Street Fighter Alpha series. The first in this series was released in 1995. The game allows the origin stories of characters to be fleshed out, introduces new characters, and continues storylines from the first Street Fighter game. In the first game, Sagat was defeated by Ryu. This leads him to seek a rematch against the young fighter so he can avenge his loss. Meanwhile, the new character in the series, Dan, is trying to avenge his father after he was killed by Sagat. Also, you have characters such as Charlie Nash and Chun-Li investigating the villainous M. Bison and his organization, Shadaloo. 3. Street Fighter Alpha 2 (1996) This game is interesting in the sense that it’s sort of a re-imagining of the previous game. It features mostly similar storylines with some tweaks to different elements. The game features a bigger roster than the previous game, with Dhalsim, Zangief, and Gen making their debut in the Alpha series. Rolento makes his first Street Fighter appearance as he’s originally a character from the Final Fight series, and the completely new character is Sakura who idolizes Ryu and wishes to be like him. Speaking of Ryu, both his and Ken’s mentor is seemingly killed at the hands of Akuma. This leads Ryu on a quest to confront and fight the murderer. Sagat is on a quest of his own as he seeks to avenge his loss at the hands of Ryu and agrees to join M. Bison’s organization. Charlie Nash and Chun-Li are still investigating M. Bison, but ultimately come up short. 4. Street Fighter Alpha 3 (1998) The last in the Alpha series, Street Fighter Alpha 3 sees some stories evolve and some end. Ryu’s mind is being conquered by an evil force called the Dark Hadou, and M. Bison seeks to use that to his advantage. He plans to become a host in Ryu's body. Sagat finally gets his rematch with Ryu but realizes it's not right to fight him when he's in this state. He helps Ryu overcome this evil, and Ryu vanquishes M. Bison. Characters such as Blanka, Dan, and Sakura become friends, a plot element that continues on in future installments. Dan is on cloud 9 after defeating Sagat and finally avenging his father’s death, and decides to teach his fighting style to the world. In reality, Sagat felt bad and decided to lose on purpose. 5. Street Fighter 2 (1991) This is what makes the Street Fighter timeline confusing. Even though this game was released 7 years before Alpha 3, it’s still the sequel to the game. A tournament is created by M. Bison, so the world’s best fighters can come to compete. He does this to recruit some of them to his organization. Some of the fighters include characters such as Ryu, Chun-Li, and Guile who are trying to take down M. Bison. Chun-Li is still trying to figure out how M. Bison is connected to her father’s death, and Guile is trying to get revenge for the death of his friend, Charlie Nash. In the end, Bison isn’t killed by any of them. He’s immediately smacked and demolished by Akuma. 6. Street Fighter 4 (2008) As it turns out, M. Bison survived Akuma’s attack. However, he is not the main bad guy of Street Fighter 4. This responsibility falls on the shoulders of Seth, a new character in the series. Seth is the CEO of Shadaloo’s weapons division, and he creates a tournament to lure the world’s greatest fighters. Seth isn’t a character that pops up out of nowhere, however, his background is directly related to Bison. It’s revealed that Seth was created to be a replacement body for Bison in case it was ever needed. Furthermore, Seth isn’t the first; he’s the 15th body created. In the end, Seth is defeated, but M. Bison is still loose. 7. Street Fighter 5 (2016) The most recent game in the series, Street Fighter 5 was released just 5 years ago. After the events of Street Fighter 4, M. Bison is back on top and scheming as always. He plans to use satellites to create fear in the world to make himself stronger. It’s up to Ryu and his friends to stop M. Bison once again. Another character who tried to stop Bison long ago is Charlie Nash. However, Charlie is killed during the events of the Alpha series. He’s revived in Street Fighter 5 and continues on his quest to defeat Bison. The villain meets his end at the hands of Charlie and Ryu, which makes way for a new bad guy to arise. 8. Street Fighter 3 (1997) Just in case the Street Fighter timeline wasn’t complicated enough, the latest chronological chapter in the series is Street Fighter 3; a game that was released over 20 years ago. After Bison and his organization are defeated, a new one springs up. This one is called the “Illuminati” and is run by Gill. Gill is half red and half blue and has the power to use fire and ice. With the rise of a new villain comes a new hero. Alex is seeking to beat Gill after the villain beats his friend. He succeeds and decides to continue fighting around the world. Although this is the end of the Street Fighter story so far, the next game could take place after this. Street Fighter 5 re-introduced numerous Street Fighter 3 characters such as Gill, Alex, Kolin, and Urien. It could be possible they’re setting up for the sequel to Street Fighter 3. The Street Fighter timeline can get confusing, but the story and characters still keep us hooked. Wherever the Street Fighter series takes us next, we’re sure it’ll be a fun time. More in Gaming: 1. 10 Best Nintendo Wii Games Ranked by Sales 2. 10 Best GBA Games of All Time Ranked by Sales 3. Democratizing Crypto Trading With Trade Fighter For more fighting game lists and articles, make sure to down below! subscribe to our newsletter

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The Street Fighter Timeline Explained

Every fighting game roster is packed to the brim with unique and exciting characters. No game, however, has the strangest compilation of characters like Mortal Kombat does. From ninjas to gods, and even a guy dressed up with a mocap suit, Mortal Kombat has dozens of interesting characters. There are only so many roster spots, however, and some characters are left out of installments. With NetherRealm Studios working on their next project, they could potentially release Mortal Kombat 12 next. With that being said, here are the 5 characters that should return. Mortal Kombat 12 Potential Characters Ermac Takeda Tremor Ashrah Havik 1. Ermac Making his first official appearance in Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3, Ermac was created to help the ruler of Outworld, Shao Kahn. He is a collection of souls trapped within one body and has telekinetic powers. Ermac eventually comes across another fighter Kenshi, who helps him get out from under Shao Kahn. This leads Ermac to join the forces of good, and he helps the Earthrealm warriors. However, when the Mortal Kombat franchise was rebooted, Ermac reverted to working for Shao Kahn. The last time Ermac was playable was in Mortal Kombat X, a game that was released 6 years ago. He made a brief appearance in Mortal Kombat 11, where he’s quickly impaled by a spike in the Krypt mode. He had a new redesign which gave fans hope that he would eventually be added to the game, something that never came to fruition. Hopefully, this collection of souls will once again be a playable character in Mortal Kombat 12. 2. Takeda Another character who is connected to Kenshi is his son, Takeda. First introduced in Mortal Kombat X, Takeda is a part of the new batch of young heroes. After his mother was killed by the Red Dragon when he was a child, his father took him to live with Scorpion. There, he was trained to become a fighter and eventually joined the Special Forces, along with the other new heroes. Although Takeda doesn’t have his father’s telekinetic abilities, he has some tricks of his own. He has whips that have knives on the side that he uses during combat. Mortal Kombat has unique fighters, and Takeda still manages to stand out. Takeda has only appeared in one game, and can hopefully be fleshed out even more in future installments. 3. Tremor Featuring another character that last appeared in Mortal Kombat X, Tremor is the character that has been fleshed out the least in this list. He first appeared in the Mortal Kombat spin-off Mortal Kombat: Special Forces where he was a part of the Black Dragon clan. He wouldn’t make it into another game until the PSP version of Mortal Kombat 9. At long last, he would become a playable character when he was released as a DLC character for Mortal Kombat X. As indicated by his name, Tremor has Earth powers. Like every MKX character, he has three different variations. These include a crystalline version, a metallic version, and an aftershock version. Tremor’s moves, look, and fatalities are too interesting to be forgotten about, and he deserves to have a bigger spotlight in Mortal Kombat 12. 4. Ashrah A character who hasn’t appeared in a Mortal Kombat game since 2006, Ashrah was one of the newest characters created before the franchise’s reboot. Despite her appearance, Ashrah is a demon from the Netherrealm. Image Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=91fjqxSh3rs However, she wishes to escape and to turn a new page. Ashrah uses her special sword that can kill demons. Every time she kills a demon with her sword, she becomes purer. Ashrah’s goal is to become so pure that she breaks free from the realm. With the Mortal Kombat universe being rebooted once again, it could mean we could see the reimagining of old characters. Ashrah has the potential to be a better version than the one we knew a decade ago. 5. Havik Making his debut in the same game as Ashrah, Havik is a fighter from the Chaosrealm. As made clear by the name of the realm, the people there revel in chaos; Havik most of all. He has a zombie-like face, a body that he can contort when fighting, and has an unpredictable style. Although Havik hasn’t been a playable character since Mortal Kombat: Armageddon; he was the main villain in the Mortal Kombat X prequel comic series. NetherRealm Studios seems to know how popular Havik is amongst fans, with the character being referenced in the Mortal Kombat 11 story expansion. On top of that, he has made cameos in other characters’ stories. Not too many non-playable characters make that many appearances, and it could be an indication of the character’s eventual re-addition to the game. Mortal Kombat 12 still has a long way to go before it arrives, but it doesn’t mean we can’t get excited and speculate about what it might be like. Regardless of who makes it in the roster, we can’t wait to play it. More in Gaming: 1. Startup Interview with Itamar, CEO, Anzu.io 2. Forza Horizon 5 Location, Gameplay, and More 3. What the Gaming Market Can Learn From the Open Source Movement For more fighting games lists and articles, make sure to down below! subscribe to our newsletter

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5 Characters That Should Return in Mortal Kombat 12

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Here is a simple python script I use to speed test CDNs. It’s open-sourced under the MIT license. The repository is: and the python script is “ ”. https://github.com/speedtestdemon/speed-tests test.py The script takes a single input “URL”. Example usage: `python3 test.py `. https://d20zaq59cm4c4j.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/cf.png Here are the script outputs: Cold cache, hot cache, and warm cache tests (in that order). The response headers for cold cache and warm cache tests. This is important to see the header that reports “Hit”, “Miss”, or “RefreshHit”. It ensures that you’re running the cold cache and warm cache tests correctly. The hot cache times are averages of 10 curls. Here is an example output of the python script: \-------------------------------------------------------------  
Testing "Cold cache speed"  
\-------------------------------------------------------------  
Got headers:  
HTTP/2 200  
content-type: image/png  
content-length: 719983  
date: Fri, 25 Jun 2021 15:01:17 GMT  
last-modified: Mon, 07 Jun 2021 00:16:21 GMT  
etag: "52ae2ff2354d4a68e680b77b4da58985"  
accept-ranges: bytes  
server: AmazonS3  
x-cache: Miss from cloudfront  
via: 1.1 9e8d1ff1eee770054f1561535ab320b2.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)  
x-amz-cf-pop: DFW55-C3  
x-amz-cf-id: lQPqV7PnAuwl\_52kDXS2rsC20kSrloThTOG8cN1fK-MHUce0NNIDIA==time\_namelookup: 0.12467000000000000304  
time\_connect: 0.02141099999999998560  
time\_appconnect: 0.06681200000000001027  
time\_pretransfer: 0.00020100000000000673  
time\_redirect: 0.00000000000000000000  
time\_starttransfer: 1.02790999999999987935  
time to download: 1.06810300000000002463  
time\_total: 2.30910700000000002063  
\-------------------------------------------------------------  
Testing "Hot cache speed"  
\-------------------------------------------------------------  
10 requests done. Average:  
time\_namelookup: 0.00173870000000000036  
time\_connect: 0.02068409999999999693  
time\_appconnect: 0.06124410000000000270  
time\_pretransfer: 0.00024639999999999802  
time\_redirect: 0.00000000000000000000  
time\_starttransfer: 0.03418949999999999767  
time to download: 0.21361620000000000608  
time\_total: 0.33171899999999998609  
\-------------------------------------------------------------  
Testing "Warm cache speed"  
\-------------------------------------------------------------  
Sleeping for 0.5 hr to move cache from hot to warm  
Got headers:  
HTTP/2 200  
content-type: image/png  
content-length: 719983  
date: Fri, 25 Jun 2021 15:01:17 GMT  
last-modified: Mon, 07 Jun 2021 00:16:21 GMT  
etag: "52ae2ff2354d4a68e680b77b4da58985"  
accept-ranges: bytes  
server: AmazonS3  
x-cache: Hit from cloudfront  
via: 1.1 7c556a1545ad08a01c9e86ad41ac73a1.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)  
x-amz-cf-pop: DFW55-C3  
x-amz-cf-id: ACpfQ14wbO\_vjjAisApBAJkRphZQ7IbD4Lawc77eo\_K5UM\_3-yWPZw==  
age: 1804time\_namelookup: 0.05657399999999999929  
time\_connect: 0.02411100000000000743  
time\_appconnect: 0.07374400000000000399  
time\_pretransfer: 0.00145299999999998208  
time\_redirect: 0.00000000000000000000  
time\_starttransfer: 0.02921799999999999398  
time to download: 0.22752000000000000002  
time\_total: 0.41261999999999998678 Also published on . https://speedtestdemon.com/python-cdn-speed-test-script/

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A Simple CDN Speed Test Script in Python

For this , I'm diving into some best practices for using authentication in your full stack application. Tech Stack in 10 Today's episode focuses on serverless authentication with AWS, as well as some best practices of what to do and what not to do 👨‍💻💭 Here’s a glance at what you’ll learn in this episode: Learnings from coaching 8 people on app development Authentication in AWS primer AppSync and GraphQL API overview DynamoDB and database overview withAuthenticator best practices Experimenting with AmplifyAuthenticator + what not to do! Discussion on multi-user authentication Finalizing the AWS authentication in our app Conclusion 00:00 01:11 01:54 02:16 03:00 05:43 08:38 10:27 11:33 <iframe width="839" height="472" src=" " title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> https://www.youtube.com/embed/LoPB-3gnI6I 👨‍💻 What Is User Authentication in an App Context? When you think about developing an authentication system for your software application, you must ensure your system is highly secure and durable, scalable for a growing user base, and able to keep your resources and authorization requirements in place across the application. User authentication is a process for confirming, and validating, the identity of a user within a system. It is necessary to create a system for account management for your software's users to ensure they must login with valid credentials before using certain (or all) parts of the product or service on the Internet. Online services for authentication might require credentials, such as username and password that are used to identify your account within the pool of valid users. Perhaps you'll want to add in 2FA (Two-Factor-Authentication), an additional security mechanism for authentication to verify the users are who they say they are when they log in. 👨‍💻 How Does Serverless Authentication Work? Serverless authentication is a type of authentication that doesn't require the need for a physical in-house server to store your data. Instead, all of the actions, permissions, and rules are executed in the cloud and users can interact with the features and functionality without any need for a browser plugin. Authentication happens right within the app and gets users the resources and services they have been designated or signed up for. Let's Take a Real Life Example Like the Below Image: Your friend is hosting a birthday celebration and you are invited! 🎂 First of all, on the invite! Birthday parties are so much fun 🎉 congrats So you might gather your resources, such as a birthday present and an appetizer (extra points if there's an accompanying sauce or dip), and drive out to your friend's house. But...when you arrive, you are greeted by this metallic box with some buttons on it. Most remarkably, the door to enter is locked (there are other people's apartments here as well), so there's no way to just go up to your friend's house without a key. Well, were you thinking you could just walk into your friend's house without some sort of verification or authentication? 🤔 That wouldn't be too safe, right? This metallic box will require you to perhaps, ~buzz~ your friend's speaker box (you will have to know the URL you intend to go to, such as ) and then you will need to provide some sort of verification telling your friend who you are and that you are ready to come in (i.e. your username/password, or any such credentials). https://yourwebsite.com/signin Your friend will hear your voice and then go, "ah yes, come on up old friend!", meaning the authentication worked (your verification checks out: you are in fact who you say you are), the door will ~buzz~ (you will be authenticated: the door will unlock), and you'll be allowed to enter (you are now an authorized user: you now have access to your services/resources in the house...err...I mean app). This is authentication in a nutshell, and hopefully gives a real life example of how this can work in an application. Software is very much the same way, and with a service like AWS Cognito user pools, this managed authentication service will let us do this with software and automation, rather than needing to ~buzz~ people in every time into our app. Could you imagine having to buzz people into your app every time? That would be I N S A N E 🙈 Luckily with AWS Cognito, we have a powerhouse of tools to manage our users and these authentication flows! 👨‍💻 What is AWS Cognito? is a service that lets app developers and software engineers authenticate users without having to create their own identity system. AWS Cognito This specific AWS service makes it easy for any developer to get started with authentication because they don't have to build and maintain complex backend code. It provides all the tools and infrastructure needed from the start, such as sign-up and sign-in flows, multi-factor authentication options, integration with social identity providers like Facebook and Google, and more. One of its major benefits is that it can scale incredibly easily for millions of users as your user base grows and your users needs and requirements scale. 👨‍💻 How to Add Authentication to an App Thanks to an AWS framework called Amplify, we can run the following command to add auth right into our app. // begin the authentication process
amplify add auth

? Do you want to use the default authentication and security configuration? `Default configuration`
? How do you want users to be able to sign in? `Email`
? Do you want to configure advanced settings?  `No, I am done.` You can customize the way users sign in between or but make sure that whichever you choose is the one you want to use for the life of your Cognito user pool because you cannot change this specific setting once you build the Cognito User Pool. username email When everything checks out and the scripts run to set up these backend resources for us in the cloud, we'll run the following command to push it to our backend environment: amplify push Alternatively, we can import a Cognito User Pool right into our application in case we have the user pool already set up and just want to import it into our app directly without any configurations. 👨‍💻 Setting Up our GraphQL API In the example in my video, I have created a ToDo application that lists a user's ToDos that they have to do. When I set up my GraphQL API thanks to the AWS Amplify Framework, I provisioned a DynamoDB table for these ToDo types and put an parameter on the type. This means that only the authenticated users who create a ToDo will have access to their own ToDos. More simply, I can't see your ToDos and you can't see my ToDos if we are both authenticated users of this ToDo app. @auth type Todo @model @auth(rules: [{ allow: owner }]) {
  id: ID!
  name: String!
  description: String
} When a user or set of users upload their ToDos, they will show up in the DynamoDB database : like so <a href=" " rel="AWS DynamoDB Key Value Pair Database"> </a> https://www.youtube.com/embed/LoPB-3gnI6I?start=154 👨‍💻 Adding Auth to our React JavaScript Code Now that we've set up our resources in the backend and in the cloud, we now want them to be readily accessible for the users that we will expect to use our application. For this, we will use the HOC (Higher-Order-Component) which will allow us to use this module directly on the script at the end of our file. withAuthenticator export default App App.js import React from "react";
import { withAuthenticator } from "@aws-amplify/ui-react";
import aws_exports from "./aws-exports";
Amplify.configure(aws_exports);

const App = () => {
  return (
    <React.Fragment>
      <div>
        <h1>Code Goes Here!</h1>
      </div>
    </React.Fragment>
  );
};
export default withAuthenticator(App); Now, when we run our code, you won't be able to access anything inside of until we (1.) Have an account; and (2.) Are authenticated in the system. App.js This will look : something like this <a href=" " rel="AWS Amplify withAuthenticator HOC (Higher Order Component)"> </a> https://youtu.be/LoPB-3gnI6I?t=252 We have a nice packaged-up module that has the "Create Account" and "Sign In" modules all neatly coded for us to use in our application thanks to AWS Cognito and AWS Amplify working together. When we log into our account, we are able to see our ToDos! If our login credentials don't check out, we won't be permitted into our app. 🎉 ~ queue the confetti cannon ~ 🎉 👨‍💻 Some Observations In Working with the Module AmplifyAuthenticator Something I noticed when experimenting with this module is that you can customize the entire auth flow with, from the stylings of the Sign-In page to the flow of the user verification when they are creating an account. It's definitely worth checking out the documentation on the website to learn more about what you can do with the module in AWS. Auth One of the modules I was experimenting with was the module and using it as a wrapper around the functional component, like below. AmplifyAuthenticator ⚠️ As a warning, I noticed that using this module in the direct application caused some data to be cached even when you pressed "Log Out". As in, you would need a hard refresh on the page for you to "actually log out" even if you pressed the log out button when switching between users. This can pose a security risk to your users' data in case they do not automatically refresh the page but press sign-out with this module. I am not sure if this was because of being on the same device and logging into multiple users, but it's worth mentioning as I discovered this, which is why I and showed a live version of the data being cached before a hard refresh was done to the page. This module is fantastic for testing the authentication module and fine-tuning it, but always make sure what you put into production checks out in terms of the expected data and access you intend to have. spoke about it here import React from "react";
import {AmplifyAuthenticator} from "@aws-amplify/ui-react";
import aws_exports from "./aws-exports";
Amplify.configure(aws_exports);

const App = () => {
  return (
    <AmplifyAuthenticator>
        <React.Fragment>
        <div>
            <h1>Code Goes Here!</h1>
        </div>
        </React.Fragment>
    </AmplifyAuthenticator>
  );
};
export default App; Based upon this, we'll want to use the or a version of a customized Auth flow for our users to be able to use our application securely and correctly. withAuthenticator 👨‍💻 Wrapping Up Wow we went through a lot! Tech is one of those fast-paced fields where you will constantly find yourself learning and innovating as you go along. There is never only 1 right answer, and I look forward to hearing your feedback and thoughts on what areas of apps, software, and tech you want to learn more about. Check out the full recording below: <iframe width="839" height="472" src=" " title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> https://www.youtube.com/embed/LoPB-3gnI6I Let me know if you found this post helpful! And if you haven't yet, make sure to check out these free resources below: Follow my Instagram for more: @BrianHHough Watch my latest YouTube video for more Listen to my Podcast on and Apple Podcasts Spotify Join my FREE Tech Stack Playbook Facebook Group About the Author: My name is and I am the Chief Technology Officer & Co-Founder of Airblock Technologies, an AWS Community Builder, the Host of the Tech Stack Playbook, and a Five-Time Global Hackathon Winner. I love sharing how tech can change the world and increasing accessibility of programming so others can be a part of this digital wave too. Brian H. Hough This article was also published . here

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In 2021 alone, now hold themselves out as “creators”, ranging from gamers to beauty influencers, demonstrating interest in building a career educating and inspiring. over 50 million people From the very beginning stages of when Vine first emerged to Instagram and TikTok, which now serve as the industry’s main content monetization platforms, the COVID-19 pandemic sparked a giant content consumption surge, where tech companies are now scrambling to engage and onboard users with large followings to help them expand their business’ marketing portfolio. In 2020, Reddit and TikTok saw despite the ongoing pandemic, with 14.4% and 18.3%, respectively. user growth explode Inevitably, a new “crop of startups” has emerged to service the various communities these content creators cater to. Thankfully, the growth of content creators on platforms like TikTok, Instagram, YouTube, OnlyFans, and those technologies that will eventually exist in our future stream of commerce, has helped bridge the gap between education and consumer finance. Right now, we are seeing more millennials and Gen-Z’ers immerse themselves in the world of finance and investment. Podcast Subscription Services In April, Spotify launched its , giving creators more range in how they choose to make money. This move came just one week after its streaming rival, Apple, announced its own subscription-based podcast service. native podcast subscription service Spotify’s new subscription service is powered through Anchor, its creator platform, allowing podcasters to mark episodes as “subscriber-only” and put them on Spotify and other platforms, according to the company. Unlike Apple, Spotify intends to take a different approach in onboarding more creators to the platform in its first year of operation. In an interview with , Spotify said that it would not be taking a subscription revenue cut for the next two years, giving creators 100% of their subscriber revenues, excluding payment transaction fees. Apple, however, will take a 30% cut the first year and will then drop the fee to 15% in its second year. CNBC ROCKI The means by which streaming services like Spotify and Apple have behaved towards many of their indie artists has also led to an interesting expansion in the world of blockchain and NFTs, with platforms like emerging, which aim to protect indie artists from the greed and creative restrictions these platforms have so aggressively profited off of. ROCKI “But as one artist after another found out, their annual income from these streaming services was in the very, very low three-figures,” ROCKI’s founder Bjorn Niclas told me. In a PitchFork report, one artist reported receiving just enough to living in New York City. barely cover just one month’s rent Niclas, a music industry veteran and Swedish producer, launched ROCKI as the industry’s first hybrid user-centric blockchain music streaming platform aimed at indie artists and their fans, with an NFT ecosystem built into it, which has been completely unaffected by the speculative NFT community. With over 500 artists on the platform, ROCKI recently partnered with Binance Smart Chain, where musicians can now issue and mint NFT’s on the platform, with little to no crypto experience needed. OnlyFans Earlier this week, OnlyFans surprisingly that it would be reversing its ban on “on-platform pornography,” after the company pointed to pressure it received from its banking partners. Last week, OnlyFans announced its plans to prohibit porn beginning October 1, but reversed that on Wednesday, telling CNBC that the proposed changes were no longer required “due to banking partners’ assurances that OnlyFans can support all genres of creators.” announced Launched in 2016, OnlyFans has become a social media powerhouse that has provided shelter for the adult entertainment and sex workers industry - with more than 130 million users. For a startup, OnlyFans has metrics that most could only dream of, with 2 million content creators and a reported $150 million in free cash flow as of 2020. With the growing number of creators and startups utilizing the platform, OnlyFans has attempted to rebrand itself as a platform for all types of creators, claiming its platform is used by everyone from chefs to musicians. Even celebrities like Cardi B and Bella Thorne have recently come aboard. Uniswap Back in July, Uniswap, Ethereum’s largest decentralized exchange (DeX) by volume, expressed its interest in expanding into consumer finance. In efforts to bring “an open, 100% uptime liquidity to the whole world,” the company has started conversations with PayPal, E*Trade, Stripe, Robinhood, and more, according to . CoinDesk The value of these potential partnerships could allow DeFi protocols to mesh into existing fintech offerings, allowing for 24/7 connectivity and accessibility to financial assets - something that has kept our global economies disconnected. Kevin O’Leary and WonderFi Take Kevin O’Leary’s recent WonderFi investment, for example. Last week, I spoke with the Shark Tank investor and CEO of O’Leary Holdings about , a new DeFi project that will provide novice users a simple way to buy crypto, earn interest, and track performance, while maintaining full control and custody of their assets. WonderFi O’Leary comes on board WonderFi alongside entrepreneur and TikTok star Josh Richards, and WonderFi CEO Ben Samaroo. Beyond discussions of why institutional capital should be playing a major role in sustainability, comes the idea of bringing together two generations, O’Leary and Richards, who both are very well-versed in the realms of finance and content creation to help educate consumers on their digital assets. “I told my son that this was an opportunity to democratize investing, making it less expensive and totally transparent, so that people can use crypto and get interest off their holdings and income,” O’Leary explained to me. “Just get yourself exposed to it; you don’t have to go all in, but just educate yourself, because the barrier to entry is very, very low.” The Rise of On-Air TV Our media landscape is changing at a pace that many in our current landscape are having trouble keeping up with. Traditionally, online and print media has been the go-to and objective for public relations firms and companies looking to be recognized for their expertise. However, the content creator economy has sparked a new way to be seen and heard with far more value than can ever be achieved through traditional print media. The realm of on-air television and national/international exposure is of no comparison to the decades worth of print magazines and a plethora of online news mediums that seem to pop up by the week. “This new frontier of digital, decentralized finance can be a labyrinth for new investors,” says on-air sports analyst Eric Mitchell, who is also the founder at . Mitchell has spent years perfecting the process of teaching companies why they should stop watching their competition on TV, and instead, start being on TV themselves. LifeFlip Media “Do you ever wonder why it can be difficult to get your story in the media when you pitch it? It’s because you have to think like a producer,” Mitchell told me. “There is a major disconnect between how I want to talk about my story versus how they want to receive it.” In the month of July, LifeFlip had over 85 bookings with major networks like BBC World News, Cheddar, Bloomberg, Ticker News, News Nation Now, BNC, NBC LX, among countless others, working with both industry veterans and rising entrepreneur, giving them a new stage to be seen and heard where you can’t simply scroll past and ignore what’s in front of you. Content Creator and Author Louis Vesovski In another conversation with Canadian investor and content creator, Louis Vesovski, helping millennials understand fundamentals behind stock trading became a major focus for his upcoming book, “Investing Secrets,” which details Vesovski’s own experiences of learning about investment and identifying key points to keep in mind while dipping your toes into the water. “There is a lot of new terminology and aspects you will encounter today,” Vesovski told me, “which many of us are not familiar with. If you don’t understand any of it, you will not know what you’re doing and you take a risk similar to gambling at a casino.” When Vesovski first started investing at 18 years old to add an additional revenue stream, he looked to major content platforms like YouTube to see what others his age were doing. This, according to Vesovski, is what has sparked the “meme stock” revolution, where social media helps drive attention and curiosity into trading, which we’ve witnessed with GameStop. “Having fiscal literacy has enabled me to live a sustainably, financially free lifestyle which I desire,” Vesovski says. “In making smarter decisions when it comes to saving, investing, and spending, I hope I can help others see the good that those decisions bring, because life starts to get exciting once you’re able to do that.” In creating content around finance, education and investment, Vesovski says it helps motivate him to work harder, striving for greatness. “It’s a great feeling knowing people are looking up to me and relying on me to help them in an indirect way. It gives me credibility and a way to grow my brand helping individuals who are having difficulties in such areas to achieve their goals and chase their dreams. I plan on making a change with our generation and doing so in a way they will understand.” Vesovski’s book will be released in early fall. Entercom and Podcorn Earlier this year, Podcorn, a tool that helps connect podcast creators with brands, was (now Audacy) for $22.5 million, adding into the audiophile community. sold to audio giant Entercom The significance of platforms like Podcorn and Clubhouse, is that tech companies like Logitech, Twitch, Blue Microphones, and Streamlabs are all answering the call of creators seeking better equipment to aid them in their livestreams and content curation. At CES 2020, Logitech hosted close to a dozen Twitch and YouTube streamers who broadcasted live from the company’s booth, ranging from topics on video games, fashion, cooking, music, and art. What we are seeing here is a change in market demographic, with most digital content creators under 25 years old, looking to dabble into new technology.

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Vladimir Dementyev, Head of Sales at Overgear — a global gaming marketplace that allows users to buy and sell in-game valuables and services — shares the five most detrimental mistakes to avoid when closing a sale. Over the last three years, our sales team has grown four times. Going at such a pace is important to maintain the highest levels of customer service, net promoter score (NPS), and repeat customer rate. Since people from 104 countries use Overgear services every day, the sales team has to constantly adapt their customer communication strategy and find new approaches to sell successfully across different cultures. There is no cure-all scheme, only hard work. We've been sharing our general insights on working with different types of audience for a while now, and will never get tired of saying how important it is to pay attention to cultural factors. And, yes, there's a lot to share on the topic from the sales side — enough for a separate publication — and we will definitely prepare one soon. However, this one will focus on the essential basics, the 5 commandments of sales — the rules that are universal for communicating with any client from any culture. At first glance, these may look like simple truths — but they often become deadly traps salespeople step into if not careful. So, based on the Overgear sales team collective experience, here are our five do's and don'ts of customer communication: Don't leave your customers on "I'll send you the link" You don’t have to alienate the customer with pushy closing tactics; that probably should be mentioned as another big no-no. Just don’t leave them to their own devices — you need to encourage your customer to make a purchase decision. Be sure to discuss all critical points such as ETA, price, start date, and customer requirements. Don't make assumptions If something often hits the bull's eye, it doesn't mean it will always hit the bull's eye — 99% is not 100%. You still need to clarify and confirm the details, even the most obvious ones, since professional deformation can play a cruel trick on you. Discuss all the details If you agreed on the price and the ETA but didn't discuss the start date, your customer may become dissatisfied, which can result in them asking for a refund. Don't leave your customer's questions unanswered Even if there is a big bunch of questions, you need to keep them all in mind — we never know which one is more important for the customer. Structure your answers so that it is clear which question each of them relates to. Stop offering free advice — make the sale Taking care of your customer and being eager to help them is great, but getting actually paid for it would be even better. There are many nuances in that, but the key points are as follows: Finding a solution that best suits your customer. Trying to take as much money as your customer is ready to pay right now. Closing the sale. If you negotiated and agreed on the details but didn't convince the customer to make an order — congratulations, you've failed. Why are we so sure it works? Because this approach works even with such a specific niche as ours. The market for the services we provide is highly competitive, so customer response time is critical — as our users show the fastest decision-making process. A customer can communicate with 3 or 4 competitors at the same time. You do not have the time to write a detailed answer; your customer would just leave for another provider. In comparison to our competitors, we offer better service in terms of the start date, ETA, and communication. Besides, we offer guaranteed results. But the pace of communication makes it really difficult to describe all our advantages to the customer. Our strategy is to be expert at predicting what the customer is interested in, give them as much information as they need to make a decision — so that even if they have additional questions, those would only be on specific points. At the same time, it is crucial not to overwhelm customers with unnecessary information. The rules are plenty, but all the same, you start with the basics. We hope these five simple rules will help you to be more attentive to your customers because, well, they actually bring you money. Besides, isn't it great, knowing that the closed sale is your achievement rather than a pure coincidence?

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The primary aim of a robust E-commerce design is to create a helpful design for shopping. A functional design caters to the need of shoppers; make shopping engaging and easy for them. A practical UI design is essential for shopping websites as it is the only efficient tool to attract, engage and convert customers to the website. Hence, E-commerce UI design needs to be pleasant and super user-friendly. The website, aesthetics of product display, and related details (such as price, size, description) presentation are the elements for an excellent E-commerce website design. In this article, you will look at 6 best practices of UI design aspects for an interactive and engaging E-commerce website. Create Easy and Swift Navigation E-commerce websites have large catalogs of products from which the shopper has to sort by. It is usually tiring as the customer has to scroll, find, and visit the page for the products they want to see. What you can do is simplify! Simplify the category heads, choose the primary category of products you are offering. On clicking these headers, customers can see the sub-categories and pick what they need. This is when breadcrumbs (which you usually find in the top-left corners) become necessary. Since your website has multiple categories and sub-categories, the shopper might feel lost after some time. Hence, you need to navigate them, offer them help in finding what they are looking for. Also, help them return whenever they would like. Such well-arranged navigations help customers to move freely between categories and even buying more. Your Search Bar should be intelligent! The search bar is every shopper’s best friend. This is where they find everything—no matter if they really need it. Your search bar will help you seamlessly engage the customer and even sell more products. Hence this navigation tool must be available all the time, no matter how deep the customer has entered the site. Also, it doesn’t matter if your E-store is smaller or bigger in scale. The search bar is the most significant feature of any e-commerce website and usually where a shopper begins their journey. It saves loads of time for the customers. Makes their shopping experience hassle-free. The search bar takes the customer to the products that are popular and high in demand. The search bar lets you promote specific products of your choice. Integrating AI with the search bar predicts what the customer might look for, which creates an engaging shopping experience. An active and responsive search bar simplifies shopping for the customer, making them remember your brand and visiting more often. On choosing a particular product, the shopper will reach the product page. Here, on the product page, make sure you are representing different categories and sub-categories. Add various filters and sorters on the page to help shoppers narrow down their options according to their needs. The primary goal of designing a navigation system on the website is to help them narrow down and show specific products, making the entire process hassle-free. Show All the Details of a Product on the Same Page When the customer comes down to choose a single product, make sure you provide every detail about the product in the most engaging way. You can show all the sizes, colors, and designs of the product by the scheme. For example, if your product is footwear it should show all the colors in which the design is available. On the same page, show the details of the product in smaller images. Mention the size chart and keep the description on the same page. In some website designs, the customer has to visit different pages to get discount codes, return policies, etc. This makes shopping tiring and bumpy. To avoid such unpleasant situations for the customer, show every detail such as delivery charges, shipping charges, and product policies on the same page. Sometimes, when the customer goes to the cart after shopping, they encounter various extra charges, which disinterests them, and they drop shopping. It puts your business on the wrong note and affects traffic on your website. Make Choosing Product Variants Easy An E-commerce website efficiently assists the customer and fuels the sale for the business. Here the UI design helps create a modular space for displaying all the products and their many variants. Some products like clothes have a different color in the same design or unique prints in the same piece of garment. Either create a drop-down menu listing similar products or put them at the bottom in a separate section. So the customer does not have to click the drop-down choice and then visit the page of that product. Instead, they can simply select a particular category and reach the product. Make Sure the UI and UX Are Attractive Yet Simple They say that websites should be simple and easy to use. However, it does not mean that the website is unattractive. An attractive site means customer retention and traffic. Always try to achieve an aesthetic yet highly functional website. See, there are thousands of websites selling just what you are selling; hence, the only way to stand out is to have an attractive UI design. It does not matter if the cost of your products is a bit higher; the customers often tend to pay more if they like the look and feel of your storefront pleasing. The convenience of your page, its clarity, and its accessibility is crucial. Function CTAs and simple buying processes are great, but if the customers do not find your website attractive, they might go to other online stores. Make Your Website Design Mobile-Responsive With the new , receptivity of the website has become a lot more significant. Google page experience update announcement You should know that online shopping is more of mobile shopping. Research showed that about 62% of people who visit e-commerce websites use their mobile devices to shop. Making your website mobile-responsive is very important. Your e-commerce Ui design should be as simple, aesthetic, engaging, and easy to navigate in the mobile display as on the desktop. Design an e-commerce website that: Loads easily on the mobile Adjusts to different screens Does not bounce or crash Add Call-To-Action Buttons On Your Website The call-to-action button is like the guiding light for shoppers on your e-commerce website. It will tell them how to move, add to the cart and contact you, etc. Hence, make sure you put call-to-action buttons like, buy now, book now, take a tour, etc. Make catchy, easy to understand, and visible CTAs. To make the most of CTAs in your UI design, make sure there are no fussy ad pop-ups or any other button that stops the customer from tapping the call-to-action button. Use contrasting colors, shapes, or sizes to make the CTAs attractive. For example, if you are an e-commerce website for groceries, you can make a tomato shape design or a shopping bag to get attention. Here is Our Final E-Commerce UI Design Tip The number one rule for selling your products should be to think like a customer. Now think about a design that you would find easy to shop with. Arrange all the navigation elements, the list of products, the size, aesthetics, and readability. Your E-commerce website is your pitch to sell your product to the customer.

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HackerNoon Reporter: Please tell us briefly about your background. I grew up in New Jersey. I went to school at the University of Pennsylvania where I majored in systems engineering and played varsity volleyball. I spent several years working at Lockheed Martin specializing in simulation for the Navy before moving over to Zoomer and later Grubhub where I led decision engineering work for delivery planning and optimization. What's your startup called? And in a sentence or two, what does it do? Our company is called Nextmv. (We pronounce it "next move" but we're not picky about it.) Nextmv’s decision stack helps developers automate and optimize business decisions for routing, scheduling, and other operations. What is the origin story? If you go way back, Nextmv’s story is grounded in systems engineering, optimization research, ballistic missile simulation, and pizza delivery in the time of paper map directions and walkie-talkies. More recently, I spent a few years leading decision engineering at Grubhub with my cofounder Ryan O’Neil, building automation and optimization solutions for food delivery. We saw a chance to better serve developers tackling these challenges and others like scheduling and packing in a new way. And that’s how Nextmv started. Nextmv is delivering the power of decision science to every developer. We believe it’s the missing link between data science and operations. Where data science answers what's going on, the Nextmv Decision Stack tells you what to do about it. What do you love about your team, and why are you the ones to solve this problem? We’re a remote-first company that’s distributed all around the globe. Most of us come from the worlds of optimization, routing and delivery, warehousing robots, search, and software development — all relevant to the problem we’re looking to solve. That said, I love the diversity of backgrounds, experiences, and tremendous thought that goes into everything we do. On a personal level, the team is a remarkable bunch with interesting lives outside of work, good senses of humor, and the Slack emoji/gif force is strong within our crew. If you weren’t building your startup, what would you be doing? If I wasn’t playing in the decision science space, I’d probably be doing a combination of coaching volleyball, traveling (ideally abroad), adventuring with my doggo, and cooking. I can’t really imagine working anywhere else since we started this thing. At the moment, how do you measure success? What are your core metrics? We look at traditional metrics like recurring revenue, customer health scores, and traffic to our online properties. At the next layer down, some of the metrics we look at include the number of daily active customers, API calls our customers make, and the number of decisions (e.g., routes assigned, schedules blocked) made. What’s most exciting about your traction to date? It’s been particularly exciting to see reactions to our content (on our website or HackerNews) and our product from people in the community. You see it in how people comment about how to think about optimization differently, applying it in new ways, learning more about decision science and engineering, or just getting really excited about the ways in which our team is building out and shipping features in our decision stack. What technologies are you currently most excited about, and most worried about? And why? I’m generally excited about all of the movement in the decision science tech space. For a long time, companies only had a few tech options to automate and optimize decisions for their operations. You typically only saw users in more legacy industries (manufacturing, defense, and supply chain) and academia. That’s changed in the last few years. You’re starting to see companies like Amazon, Walmart, Wayfair, Instacart, Grubhub, and others really have a presence at optimization conferences. I worry about the challenge we have ahead of us. Optimization and decision science haven’t always been super accessible. A large part of our work will always be rethinking how we present complex ideas and systems to our users in a clear, concise manner. But you know what they say: "problems worthy of attack prove their worth by fighting back.” What drew you to get published on HackerNoon? What do you like most about our platform? HackerNoon has always been a known resource in my universe of reading materials. It’s certainly taken on new context for me now as a startup founder. I’m super interested in community building, and I think HackerNoon has an interesting place in that realm with the work done to create an accessible space for technologists to swap stories and learn from one another. It’s incredibly powerful and valuable. What advice would you give to the 21-year-old version of yourself? Two things: 1) What got you here doesn’t necessarily get you there. You always need to be growing, changing, and making new decisions based on what’s in front of you. And 2) don’t assume everyone has it all figured out. We’re all doing 1 ^ What is something surprising you've learned this year that your contemporaries would benefit from knowing? You can build a strong team that’s remote from the beginning. Nextmv grew from 2 to 3 employees at the start of the pandemic. We’re now 25+ people. Most folks haven’t met one another. (That will change in the future!) We span several time zones. Making it work takes work, of course, by being smart about meetings, building out really strong asynchronous communications, creating shared experience, not drowning in Slack messages (even if we are heavy Hey Taco users). Don’t forget to vote for Nextmv as ! Startup of the Year in Philadelphia

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In the year 2021, Java turned 26 years old. Yes, Java is a pretty old programming language. Still, it holds popularity in the software development landscape and is one of the widely used programming languages across the globe. Source: TIOBE Index Source: PYPL The majority of Fortune 500 enterprises use this programming language. The Java language is making enhancements periodically to be in the market for a longer time. Java 9 has transformed the way Java developers write code to develop Java-based applications. It has come up with lots of improvements to existing APIs. We will be discussing the following listed API improvements in Java 9: Stream API Improvements Process API Improvements Multiresolution Image API CompletableFuture API Improvements Optional Class Improvements Collection Factory Methods Let's deep dive into the API improvements of Java 9. 1. Stream API Improvements In Java, streams were introduced to assist Java application developers to perform aggregate operations from a collection of objects by using various methods. In order to improve stream API, Java 9 comes with some new methods. Let’s talk about the new methods added to the stream interface in Java 9 to improve the stream API. a) Java Stream Iterate Method The iterate method is introduced to the Java 9 stream interface. It allows you to iterate stream elements till the given condition. The iteration of stream elements stops as soon as the predicate (condition) returns false. This method takes three parameters- seed, hasNext and next. Indicates an initial element. seed: It is a condition (predicate) that applies to elements to verify when the stream must end. hasNext: It is a function to be applied to the previous stream element to generate a new stream element. next: import java.util.stream.Stream;

public class StreamExample

{

  public static void main(String[] args)

  {  
   Stream.iterate(1, i -> i <= 10, i -> i\*3)

  .forEach(System.out::println);
  }
} Output: [1, 3, 9] b) Java Stream dropWhile() Method Stream dropWhile method gives the outcome based on the order of the stream elements. In an ordered stream, the method returns a stream that consists of elements after removing the elements that match the specified predicate (condition). Ordered stream: dropWhile() In an unordered stream, this method returns a stream that consists of leftover elements of this stream after removing a subset of elements that match the specified predicate. Unordered stream: Implementation of Stream dropWhile() Method: import java.util.List;

import java.util.stream.Collectors;

import java.util.stream.Stream;

public class StreamExample {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    List<Integer> list

      = Stream.of(2,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10)

        .dropWhile(i -> (i % 2 == 0)).collect(Collectors.toList());
   System.out.println(list);

   }

} Output: [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] c) Java Stream takeWhile() Method Java 9 comes with the Stream takeWhile method to improve the stream API in Java. The method returns every element until the predicate (condition) unmatched the elements. And the program ends just when it fails to satisfy the predicate. -Implementation of Stream takeWhile() Method: import java.util.List;

import java.util.stream.Collectors;

import java.util.stream.Stream;

public class StreamExample {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
   List<Integer> list
   = Stream.of(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10)
      .takeWhile(i -> (i % 2 == 0)).collect(Collectors.toList());
  System.out.println(list);

  }

} Output:
[] Here, method returns an empty list because the condition is not matched at first list element, and the method terminates here. takeWhile() -Implementation of Stream takeWhile() Method: import java.util.List;

import java.util.stream.Collectors;

import java.util.stream.Stream;

public class StreamExample {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    List<Integer> list
    = Stream.of(2,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10)
       .takeWhile(i -> (i % 2 == 0)).collect(Collectors.toList());
   System.out.println(list);

  }

} Output:
[2,2] Here, the method returns the first two elements because the condition matched for the first 2 elements (even elements), and the third element failed to satisfy the condition. So, the program ends at the third element. d) Java 9 Stream ofNullable Method Prior to Java 9, you couldn’t make a stream using a null value, it would throw NullPointerException error. To handle this error, Java 9 has added a Stream ofNullable method to the stream interface. This method returns a sequential stream that consists of a single element if the parameter of the method is non-null. And the method returns an empty stream for a null parameter. Implementation of Stream ofNullable Method:
import java.util.stream.Stream;

  public class StreamExample {
    public static void main(String\[\] args) {
      Stream<Integer> val
      = Stream.ofNullable(null);
    val.forEach(System.out::println);
  }

} This code will not give any result. 2. Process API Improvements The process API in Java helps in managing and controlling Operating system processes. In the older versions, managing OS processes was a cumbersome task to do for developers. With the advent of Java 9, the process API has improved a lot. In Java 9, some new classes and interfaces are introduced for interacting and managing OS. Two new interfaces have been introduced to the JDK: ProcessHandle ProcessHandle.Info Java ProcessHandle Interface ProcessHandle interface helps developers to manage and control processes. With a slew of static factory methods in this interface, you can monitor every process for aliveness, list its children, process ID, current direct children of the process, the killing of the process, and many more. Signature of Java ProcessHandle Interface public interface ProcessHandle extends Comparable<ProcessHandle> Source Java ProcessHandle.Info Interface Java 9 has introduced this new interface to give information about the processes. This newly added interface is the nested interface of the ProcessHandle interface. Signature of Java ProcessHandle.Info Interface public static interface ProcessHandle.Info We have tabled various methods in ProcessHandle.Info interface. Source 3. Multiresolution Image API Java 9 brings a new multi-resolution image API that supports multiple images with different image resolution variants. This Java 9 API allows a group of images with different resolutions to be used as a single multi-resolution image. We have listed down the important methods of multi-resolution images. − Image getResolutionVariant(double destImageWidth, double destImageHeight) Gets a specific image which is the best variant to represent this logical image at the indicated size. – This method returns a readable list of all resolution variants. List<Image> getResolutionVariants() 4. CompletableFuture API Improvements A CompletableFuture is a type of class in Java that belongs to java.util.concurrent package.  This class implements CompletionStage and Future interface. It was introduced in Java 8. Java developers use this class for asynchronous programming which means to write non-blocking code. It runs a task on a thread other than the main application thread. And also sends a notification to the main thread about its task status whether the task is in progress, completed, or failed. In this way, the main thread does not wait for the task to get over. Lots of other tasks run in parallel. This helps in enhancing the performance of an application. Java 9 brings some enhancements to the CompletableFuture API. Support for delays and timeouts Enhanced support for subclassing Addition of New factory methods 5. Optional Class Improvements Optional Class is a public final class in Java. This class was introduced in Java 8 to avoid null checks and NullPointerException issues. Java developers need to import java.util package to use the Optional class in your applications. This class provides methods to check whether a value is present for a particular variable or not. Java 9 brings 3 new methods to enhance its functionality. Let’s have a look at these methods. stream() public Stream<T> stream() If there is any value, it will return a sequential Stream consists of that value, otherwise returns an empty Stream. ifPresentOrElse() public void ifPresentOrElse(Consumer<? super T> action, Runnable emptyAction) If there is any value, this method will perform the given task with the given value, otherwise performs the given empty-based action. or() public Optional<T> or(Supplier<? extends Optional<? extends T>> supplier) If there is any value, the method will return an Optional describing the value, otherwise returns an Optional generated by the supplying function. 6. Collection Factory Methods Previously, for creating a list of 5 elements, developers used to write the following code. import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

public class FactoryMethodsExample {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
    list.add("Java");
    list.add("JavaFX");
    list.add("Spring");
    list.add("Hibernate");
    list.add("JSP");
    for(String l : list){
      System.out.println(l);
     }
   }

} Output: Spring
JavaFX
JSP
Java
Hibernate As you can see, in the above-written code, add method is called frequently for each list element. Here comes the improvised version of doing the same task. In Java 9, you can do it in a better way with the help of collection factory methods. So, what are these Factory methods? Well, Factory methods are a special kind of static method that assists developers to make unmodifiable instances of collections in Java. By the collection Factory methods, you can make list, set, and map a small number of elements. Signature of Java 9 Set & List Interface Factory Methods Based on the number of parameters, it will return an immutable set of elements. // ....and so on static <E> Set<E> of() static <E> Set<E> of(E e1) static <E> Set<E> of(E e1, E e2) It returns an immutable set comprised of a random number of elements. static <E> Set<E> of(E... elements) Similarly, for List interface: // ....and so on static <E> List<E> of() static <E> List<E> of(E e1) static <E> List<E> of(E e1, E e2) static <E> List<E> of(E... elements) Generally, 10 elements are enough. In case, more than 10 are needed, you can make use of the var-args version. But you might be thinking, what is the use of 11 overloading methods if you have a var-args version that can return n number of elements. Well, the performance factor is the answer to your query. Every var-args method call implicitly makes an array. While overloading methods do not create objects unnecessary and thus avoid garbage collection overhead. Implementation of Java 9 Set Interface Factory Method: import java.util.Set;
public class FactoryMethodsExample {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Set<String> set = Set.of("Java","JavaFX","Spring","Hibernate","JSP");
    for(String l:set) {
     System.out.println(l);
    }
  }
} Output: Spring
JavaFX
JSP
Java
Hibernate Java 9 Map Interface Factory Methods Map Interface In Java 9, Map interface has two factory methods- Map.of() and Map.ofEntries() that assist Java developers to build immutable maps seamlessly. Implementation of Java 9 Map Interface Factory Method: import java.util.Map;
public class FactoryMethodsExample {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // Creating Map Entry
    Map.Entry<Integer, String> e1 = Map.entry(101, "Java");
    Map.Entry<Integer, String> e2 = Map.entry(102, "Spring");
    // Creating Map using map entries
    Map<Integer, String> map = Map.ofEntries(e1,e2);
    // Iterating Map
    for(Map.Entry<Integer, String> m : map.entrySet()){
      System.out.println(m.getKey()+" "+m.getValue());
    }
  }
} Output: 102 Spring
101 Java We have listed the common characteristics of Factory method for set, list, and map instance: It is immutable No null elements It is serializable ( if all the elements are serializable) No duplicate elements. The iteration order of set elements is not specific and it might vary. Points to Ponder: For List and Set interfaces, of() method is overloaded to take 0 to 10 parameters and one with var args parameter. For Map interface, of() method is overloaded to have 0 to 10 Key-value pairs. And if there are more than 10 key-value pairs for Map interface, you can use ofEntries() method by taking var args parameter. Wrapping Up Hope you have learned about the API improvements in Java 9. These API improvements will assist you to write better code for your Java-based application development projects. Happy learning!

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