Nigute Guhitamo Seriveri Ikibaho

Guhitamo seriveri nziza yo gutangiza ibicuruzwa nicyemezo gitwara uburemere bwinshi. Ihitamo ntirishobora gusa koherezwa muburyo bwambere ahubwo rihuza nigihe kirekire cyo guhuza n'imikorere ya porogaramu yawe. Niba uri umuterimbere mukuru cyangwa uyobora itsinda, ugomba kwishyiriraho inshingano zibi byemezo byubwubatsi, ugashungura inyanja yindimi hamwe nuburyo kugirango ubone neza ibikenewe byumushinga wawe udasanzwe. Igikorwa cyawe hano ni uguhitamo byingenzi, imwe izakomeza nkuko umushinga wawe uhinduka kandi ukaguka.

Ndi Grigorii Novikov, Umushinga Ukuze wa Backend Developer ufite uburambe bwimyaka mu gushushanya no gutangiza porogaramu zubaka. Mubuzima bwanjye bwose, nahuye nibyemezo byinshi bikomeye kubijyanye no guhitamo seriveri. Buri cyemezo cyongeyeho ibice byunvikana kuburyo bwo guhuza ikoranabuhanga nibisabwa n'umushinga ukura. Muri iki kiganiro, nzabagezaho bimwe muribyo bitekerezo byungutse cyane, bigufasha guhitamo seriveri ihuza ibyo umushinga wawe ukeneye kandi ushyigikire iterambere ryayo. Ndagutumiye gushishoza hamwe ningaruka zo gufata ibyemezo byikoranabuhanga bitanga inzira yo gutsinda, urebe neza ko umushinga wawe uhagaze neza kugirango ukure, guhinduka, no guhanga udushya.

Niba uri umuterimbere mukuru cyangwa uyobora itsinda, ugomba kwishyiriraho inshingano zibi byemezo byubwubatsi, ugashungura inyanja yindimi hamwe nuburyo kugirango ubone neza ibikenewe byumushinga wawe udasanzwe.

1. Autogenerating Documentation

Nubwo bitajyanye na code kuri buri, iyi ngingo ni ngombwa cyane igomba kuganirwaho mbere. Inyandiko zikomeye nifatizo ziterambere ryiterambere, cyane cyane kubijyanye no guteza imbere abakiriya no kugerageza porogaramu. Ibikoresho byo kwifashisha inyandiko byahinduye iki gikorwa, byemeza ko inyandiko zijyana nimpinduka ziheruka za API, koroshya ibikorwa byiterambere, no kugabanya imbaraga zamaboko yo gukomeza inyandiko zumushinga wawe.

Mubikoresho biboneka kubateza imbere, ndasaba Swagger kubikorwa byinshi, kwakirwa henshi, hamwe ninkunga ikomeye yabaturage. Ubundi buryo buzwi cyane ni Redoc, itanga intera ishimishije, yihariye ya interineti ya API. Kubikorwa bisaba kwihindura byinshi, ibikoresho nka Apiary bitanga guhinduka hamwe nubushobozi bwinyandiko, nubwo zishobora gusaba gushiraho byambere.

Igikoresho icyo ari cyo cyose wahisemo, intego igomba kuba iyo kunonosora ibyangombwa kugirango ukore neza utiriwe wemera ko igikoresho ubwacyo gihinduka igihe gikomeye. Hitamo igisubizo kigabanya imbaraga zintoki mugihe utanga uburyo bwo guhuza nibisabwa byihariye byumushinga wawe.

2. Inkunga ya Bug Tracker

Gukurikirana neza neza nibyingenzi mukubungabunga ubuzima bwa porogaramu yawe. Kugirango habeho gukurikiranira hafi amakosa , nkoresha ibikoresho nka Jira na Bugzilla, byombi birata ibintu byiza byashizweho kandi byoroshye. Jira, byumwihariko, itanga ubushobozi bwo kwishyira hamwe hamwe nibidukikije byinshi byiterambere; Ku rundi ruhande, Bugzilla, izwiho ubworoherane no gukora neza, cyane cyane mu mishinga ifunguye isoko aho gukurikiranira hafi amakosa ari byo byihutirwa.

Hano hari ubushishozi kuri wewe: guhuza abakurikirana amakosa hamwe nubutumwa bwihuse hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura verisiyo bizamura ubufatanye bwikipe yawe kandi ikore neza. Kurugero, Jira + Bitbucket combo itondekanya akazi, ikemerera ibibazo bikurikirana mugihe cyo kugenzura verisiyo. Uku guhuza byorohereza inzira yiterambere, mu buryo bwihuse, aho kuvugurura kode hamwe no gukemura ibyemezo bifitanye isano rya hafi, bigafasha kwihuta no kunoza ireme rya code.

Ubundi kwishyira hamwe gukomeye ni Mattermost + Focalboard, itanga urubuga rwuzuye rwubufatanye. Ihuza inyungu zitumanaho zitaziguye za Mattermost hamwe numushinga hamwe nubushobozi bwo gucunga imirimo ya Focalboard, guha imbaraga amakipe hamwe nigihe kigezweho cyo kugenzura amakosa, hamwe no guhinduka kugirango ucunge imirimo hamwe nakazi keza murwego rumwe. Kwishyira hamwe ntabwo guhuza gusa inzira yo gukemura amakosa ahubwo binateza imbere ibidukikije byuzuzanya kandi byihuta, amaherezo bizamura umusaruro nibisubizo byumushinga.

3. Gupima gukura

Mugihe ibicuruzwa byawe bitangiye gufata, uzahura nikibazo cyo gupima . Kandi sinshaka kuvuga gusa umubare wabakoresha wiyongera. Gupima bikubiyemo guhuza ibintu bishya, gukora imibare ikura, no kugumana urwego rwimikorere ya codebase yawe hamwe nububiko bwiza. Nigihe iyo ubwubatsi wahisemo kuri seriveri yawe igaragara mubyukuri.

Kurugero, mugutangiza umushinga wawe, kujya mubwubatsi bwa monolithic birasa nkuburyo bwiza. Ariko uko ibicuruzwa byawe bikura kandi bigahinduka, uzatangira kubona aho bigwa. Kwimukira muri microservices yububiko cyangwa kuzana serivisi zicu zishobora kuguha kugenzura neza ibintu bitandukanye bya porogaramu yawe.

Kuri seriveri nini ya seriveri ikemura ibisubizo, nishingikirije kuri tekinoroji nka Kubernetes na Docker. Ibi bikoresho bizaguha guhinduka kuri serivisi yigenga, gucunga neza ibikorwa, no kwemeza guhuza ibidukikije. Byongeye kandi, abatanga serivise zicu nka Amazone y'urubuga rwa Amazone, Google Cloud, na Microsoft Azure batanga serivise zicungwa neza zishobora koroshya urugendo rwawe rwo gupima.

Guhitamo imyubakire nini bisobanura kuringaniza ibipimo byubunini hamwe ningorabahizi zo gucunga sisitemu yagabanijwe. Ubwanyuma, intego yawe hano ni uguhitamo seriveri ijyanye nibyo ukeneye kandi ifite uburyo bworoshye bwo gukura ejo hazaza.

4. Kubona Byuzuye: Hagati yabaturage numutekano

Ntihabuze indimi zo gutangiza gahunda hamwe nuburyo buboneka, buriwese ufite ibice byayo nkibikoresho byabaturage, inkunga yaboneka, ndetse nibiranga umutekano. Iri tandukaniro ryemerera guhitamo ibisubizo bidakemura gusa ibibazo byiterambere byihuse ahubwo binahuzwa nintego zigihe kirekire zumushinga, harimo umutekano nubunini .

Ikoranabuhanga rishyigikiwe nabaturage benshi hamwe nubutunzi bwinshi, nka Python na JavaScript - hamwe nuburyo bwabo muri izi ndimi nka Django cyangwa React - bitanga ubumenyi bwinshi kandi biteguye gukoresha ingero za kode. Ubu butunzi bugabanya cyane umwanya wakoresha ubundi mugukemura ibibazo, urebye amahirwe make yo guhura nikibazo kidakemuwe numuntu mbere yawe. Ibinyuranye, tekinolojiya mishya cyangwa niche irashobora kuzana perks idasanzwe kumeza, ariko akenshi izagusiga ushikamye mugihe kitoroshye mugihe cyo gushaka ibisubizo byihuse.

Undi mwanya wingenzi nukuringaniza umutekano nikoreshwa. Ku mishinga aho kurinda code yinkomoko ihangayikishijwe cyane, tekereza gukoresha indimi na tekinoroji ishyigikira byoroshye no gupakira neza. Kurugero, Java na .NET bashizeho ibikoresho na ecosystems yo gutandukanya code. Tekinoroji ya kontineri nka Docker nayo izagufasha hano. Mugupakira porogaramu nibidukikije muri kontineri, uremeza ko umukiriya yakira ibikenewe byose kugirango ukoreshe porogaramu utabanje kubona kode yawe. Ubu buryo ntabwo butanga kode gusa ahubwo bworoshya inzira yo kohereza.

5. Igiciro

Ibiciro byingirakamaro nibyingenzi muguhitamo tekinoroji. Gusa bijyanye nigiciro cyibikorwa byambere, ugomba no gutekereza igihe kirekire kubyo bizatwara kubungabunga no gupima sisitemu yawe .

Gufungura isoko-tekinoroji izana hamwe na perk nziza ya zeru zimpushya zo hejuru. Kubatangiye cyangwa umushinga uwo ariwo wose ku ngengo yimishinga ihamye, ibi birashobora gushushanya cyane. Byongeye kandi, ibidendezi binini byabateza imbere ubuhanga bizagufasha gukomeza amafaranga yumurimo kurushaho gucungwa.

Kurundi ruhande, tekinoroji igoye kandi yihariye, nka blocain cyangwa urubuga rwo hejuru rwo gusesengura amakuru, birashobora gusaba ishoramari ryambere. Mugihe zitanga ibyiza byingenzi mubijyanye numutekano n'umutekano, ugomba gupima igiciro cyose cya nyirubwite ugereranije ninyungu ziteganijwe.

Byongeye kandi, serivisi zicu, mugihe zigabanya ibikenewe mubikorwa remezo bifatika, ziza hamwe nibiciro byazo. AWS yavuzwe haruguru, Google Cloud, na Azure itanga uburyo butandukanye bwibiciro bishobora gupima hamwe nikoreshwa ryawe; nyamara utabanje gucunga neza, ibi biciro birashobora kuzamuka uko umushinga wawe ukura.

6. Gutanga kode

Kugenzura neza imikorere ya kode yibanda kubikorwa byoherejwe, cyane cyane binyuze muburyo bukomeza bwo kwishyira hamwe / Gukomeza kohereza (CI / CD) . Ubu buryo bushimangira akamaro ko gutangiza ihererekanyabubasha rya kode ahantu hatandukanye, hagamijwe iterambere niterambere ryakazi.

Ibikoresho nka GitLab CI na CircleCI bitanga ibisubizo bikomeye byo gutangiza ibizamini no kohereza. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha ibikoresho byanditse nka Ansible na Terraform byongera iyi automatisation, itanga itangwa nogucunga ibikorwa remezo binyuze kode.

Izi tekinoroji zizagufasha kubaka umuyoboro udafite icyerekezo wimura code kuva mumajyambere ujya mubikorwa hamwe neza kandi byizewe. Muguhuza ibyo bikoresho mubikorwa byawe, ushiraho urwego rutihutisha gusa iterambere ryiterambere ahubwo runemeza guhuza no gutuza mubidukikije.

7. Ibidukikije

Kurema no gucunga ibidukikije byiterambere ni urufatiro nyamara rugoye mubuzima bwumushinga uwo ariwo wose. Gutegura ibidukikije binini kandi bibungabungwa birashobora gusa nkaho bitoroshye, cyane cyane kumakipe adafite inzobere ya DevOps.

Ku makipe menshi, igisubizo cyikibazo kijyanye nuburyo bwiza bwo gucunga ibidukikije biri mu gukoresha serivisi zishingiye ku bicu no kubika ibintu. Na none, AWS, Google Cloud, na Azure bitanga serivisi zitandukanye zishobora kugereranywa nubunini nuburemere bwumushinga wawe. Izi porogaramu zitanga ibikoresho nkenerwa kugirango habeho ibidukikije byoroshye, binini bidakenewe gucunga ibikorwa remezo byinshi. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha tekinoloji nka Docker na Kubernetes bitumaherezwa mubice bitandukanye byiterambere, ibizamini, nibikorwa bihoraho kandi byizewe.

Kubaka ibidukikije byiza kandi byiza ntabwo bijyanye na seriveri yashyizweho gusa ariko nanone bijyanye niboneza ibidukikije byaho kubateza imbere . Iyi ngingo ningirakamaro kuri DevOps, kuko akenshi bakora inyandiko kugirango borohereze inzira yo gutangiza imishinga mugace. Ariko, iki gikorwa ntabwo buri gihe cyoroshye. Kurugero, gutegura ibidukikije byaho muri .NET birashobora kuba ingorabahizi, byerekana ko ari ngombwa guhitamo ikoranabuhanga nibikoresho byorohereza seriveri ndetse nuburyo bwashyizweho. Kureba ko abitezimbere bafite uburyo bwiza bwo kugera kubikorwa byiterambere byibanze ni ngombwa mugukomeza umusaruro no koroshya akazi neza.

Guhitamo seriveri ibereye umushinga wawe ni nko gushyiraho urufatiro rwinyubako: bisaba gutekereza neza, kureba kure, hamwe nuburinganire hagati yibikenewe hamwe niterambere ryigihe kizaza. Buri guhitamo ukora bigira ingaruka kubikorwa byumushinga wawe hamwe nubushobozi bwawo bwo guhuza no gutera imbere muburyo bwa tekinoroji. Hamwe niyi ngingo, nashakaga kukuyobora muri ibi byemezo bikomeye, nkaguha ubushishozi bwo gukemura ibibazo biri imbere. Nizere ko ubushishozi wungutse uyumunsi buzagufasha guhitamo amakuru akuganisha ku ntsinzi yimishinga yawe iriho nigihe kizaza!

ICYIGISHO CY'IMANZA A: UMUSHINGA W'UBUYOBOZI BWA MASS

Mugutezimbere icyuma kibeshya cyashizweho mugupima imbaga, umushinga wagaragaye nkuwambere mubwambere muburayi bwiburasirazuba, nahuye nuguhitamo seriveri nkumuyobozi witsinda ryiterambere. Ibikorwa byibanze byumushinga - umubare munini wa microservice ihuza hamwe nibikorwa byinshi bya dosiye yo gutunganya ibisubizo bitandukanye bya sensor - bisaba igisubizo gikomeye ariko cyoroshye.

Twahisemo Python hamwe na FastAPI kurenza abandi bahatana nka Python / Django na Go / Fibre. Iki cyemezo cyashingiye ku nkunga isumba izindi ya FastAPI yo gutangiza gahunda idahwitse, ikintu gikomeye mu gukemura ibibazo by’umushinga bikenewe cyane. Django, nubwo ikomeye, yashyizwe ku ruhande kubera imiterere yayo, idashobora kuzuza ibyo dusabwa kugirango duhuze byinshi kandi dukoreshe amakuru nyayo. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, Go yafatwaga nk'imikorere yayo ariko amaherezo yararenganye ashyigikira ubushobozi bwiterambere ryihuse rya FastAPI hamwe n’inkunga yubatswe mu nyandiko ya Swagger, yari ingirakamaro ku gihe cyihuse cya MVP.

Muri icyo gihe, umushinga wasabye ko hashyirwaho uburyo bworoshye bwa kamera bushobora gucunga imiyoboro ya webkamera no kuyobora amashusho mu miyoboro inyuranye. C ++ yahindutse ururimi rwo guhitamo iki gikorwa, tubikesha umuvuduko wacyo utagereranywa wo guhuza no guhuza imipaka.

Ibyemezo twafashe kuri uwo mushinga ntabwo byoroheje gusa umushinga wambere ahubwo byashyizeho urufatiro rukomeye rwo gukomeza gukura no guhuza n'imihindagurikire.

ICYIGISHO CYA B: ISHYAKA RY'UBUHANZI CLUB CRM

Kubwuyu mushinga, nabanje guhitamo Python na Django , mpitamo kubushobozi bwabo bwiterambere ryihuse kugirango batangire vuba. Iri hitamo ryagaragaye neza mubyiciro byambere, bigira uruhare runini mu kwinjiza amakipe binyuze mu gucunga neza abitabira.

Mugihe umushinga wagutse wagutse ukubiyemo ibintu nkubuyobozi bwabakozi, isesengura, hamwe na sisitemu yohererezanya ubutumwa imbere, imbogamizi za Django zo gukemura ibibazo bigoye, hamwe byagaragaye. Uku kubimenya kwatumye mpuza Go, nkoresha ingagi zayo na Fasthttp kugirango iterambere ryintumwa yimbere. Imikorere ya Go mugucunga imirimo ihuriweho yadufashije kwagura imikorere ya CRM, ituma dukomeza gukora cyane hamwe na bike hejuru.

Icyemezo cyo gukoresha uburyo bwa tekinoroji ya Hybrid, ukoresheje Django mubikorwa byingenzi na Go kubintu bikora cyane, byagaragaye ko ari ingenzi. Izi ngamba zanyemereye kuringaniza iterambere ryihuse nubunini, kureba ko CRM ishobora guhinduka kugirango ihuze ibikenewe byikipe.