What is Decentralized Science (DeSci)?

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The paper presents an attempt to conceptualize the features of science in the context of digital transformation mediated by distributed ledger technologies, and blockchain. The focus is on an open alternative to the current scientific system — decentralized science or DeSci, a new movement of scientists and enthusiasts, that stands for transparency, open-access scientific research, and crowd-sourced peer-review funded with public and crypto, that aims to increase social engagement and collaboration across the field. In this paper, we distinguish and analyze the main issues in the modern science system, and provide an overview of opportunities of DeSci for improving the space. Then, we sketch a DeSci ecosystem landscape, listing state-of-the-art DeSci initiatives. Afterward, we discuss the main challenges of DeSci.