Ukuthuthukisa Ukusebenza Kwesikhungo Sedatha: Ukungena Okujulile Kumasu Okupholisa Okukhululekile

Esihlokweni esandulele , sixoxisane ngokukhula okusheshayo kwengqalasizinda yesikhungo sedatha kanye nokwanda kokusetshenziswa kukagesi okuholele kukho. Njengoba amaseva aguqula ugesi ekushiseni ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ukuphatha izinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokupholisa kokubili izikhungo zesikhungo sedatha kanye nemishini iba inkinga yenombolo 1. kumaqembu e-DC.

Nakuba izindlela zokupholisa ezivamile, ezihlanganisa izifudumezi-moya nama-chiller zipholisa ngempumelelo izakhiwo zesikhungo sedatha namaseva, ukubiza kwazo kusalokhu kuyimbuyiselo ebalulekile. Ukupholisa kwamahhala ngokuphambene nezindlela zendabuko akudingi ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kodwa kunikeza izinga elifanayo lokusebenza kahle nokuthembeka. Kulesi sihloko, ngizokwenza uhlolojikelele oluningiliziwe lobuchwepheshe bokupholisa mahhala, ngigqamisa izinzuzo zabo, imikhawulo, kanye nezidingo zokuqaliswa ngempumelelo.

I-Physics Yokupholisa Kwamahhala

Ukuze siqonde i-physics engemuva kokupholisa kwamahhala, sizodinga ukuphinde sivakashele ifomula yamandla okushisa:

Q = mcΔT

Lapha, u-'Q' umele inani lokushisa elizuziwe noma elilahlekile, elithi 'm' limelela isisindo sesampula (kithi, ubuningi bomoya esikhungweni sedatha), 'c' ichaza umthamo wokushisa othile womoya, futhi ΔT isho umehluko wezinga lokushisa.

Esikhungweni sedatha, umthombo wokushisa oyinhloko yi-CPU. Ngokuvamile, kukhona ama-CPU angu-2 kuya kwangu-4, ngalinye lisebenza cishe kuma-watts angu-200. Njengoba kuxoxiwe ngaphambili, wonke amandla kagesi asetshenziswa ama-CPU aguqulwa abe ukushisa. Ngakho-ke, ngama-CPU angu-2, isibonelo, sikhiqiza ama-watts angu-400 okushisa adinga ukuchithwa. Manje umgomo wethu uwukuthola inani lomoya odingekayo kule njongo.

Ipharamitha engu-ΔT, noma ukuhluka kwezinga lokushisa, ikhombisa ukuthi lapho izinga lokushisa liphansi langaphandle, kudingeka umoya omncane ukuze kuphole ama-CPU. Isibonelo, uma izinga lokushisa lomoya ongenisayo lingu-0°C futhi izinga lokushisa lokukhipha umoya lingu-35°C, i-ΔT izoba ngu-35 kuphela, okubonisa imfuneko ephansi kakhulu yesisindo somoya. Nokho, phakathi nenkathi yasehlobo, ukupholisa kuba yinselele kakhulu ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwamazinga okushisa asendaweni. Uma izinga lokushisa langaphandle liphezulu, kuzodingeka inani elikhulu lomoya ukuze kupholiswe amaseva.

Imikhawulo Yezinga lokushisa Yeseva Nezingxenye Zenethiwekhi

Nakuba ukupholisa kwamahhala kungase kusebenze kahle ezimweni zezulu ezimaphakathi nezibandayo, kusenayo imikhawulo ngenxa yezingqinamba zezinga lokushisa ezingxenyeni zeseva. Izingxenye ezibalulekile ku-IT kanye nemishini yenethiwekhi, njengamaphrosesa, i-RAM, ama-HDD, ama-SSD, namadrayivu e-NVMe, anezidingo zokushisa zokusebenza:

• Amaprosesa: ubuningi 89°C
• I-RAM: ubuningi 75°C
• Ama-HDD: ubuningi 50°C
• Ama-SSD namadrayivu e-NVMe: ubuningi obungu-47-48°C

Le mikhawulo ithinta ngqo ukufaneleka kwamazinga okushisa omoya wangaphandle ukuze aphole. Ukupholisa kwamahhala bekungeke kusebenze ezifundeni lapho amazinga okushisa angaphandle edlula le mizinga noma asondele eduze kwawo, njengoba kungalimaza isistimu ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile. Imikhawulo Yesifunda

Njengoba sesichazile, amazinga okushisa angaphandle kufanele ahlale ephansi ngokuqhubekayo kunamazinga okushisa aphezulu okusebenza emishini ye-IT ukuze ukupholisa kwamahhala kusebenze. Lokhu kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwezimo zezulu zendawo ye-DC. Izinhlangano kufanele zihlaziye izibikezelo zesimo sezulu zesikhathi eside ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthi amazinga okushisa aweqi ama-threshold adingekayo, ngisho nangezinsuku ezithile noma amahora. Ukwengeza, uma kucatshangelwa isikhathi eside sokuphila sezikhungo zedatha (imvamisa engu-10-15 iminyaka), imiphumela yokufudumala kwembulunga kufanele futhi ifakwe ezinqumweni zendawo.

Izidingo Zokwakhiwa KweNode Yeseva

Kumongo wefiziksi, ukuzuza ukupholisa okusebenzayo kumaseva kuncike ekuqinisekiseni ukugeleza komoya okwanele ohlelweni. Isakhiwo seseva sidlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo.

Ngokuphambene, amaseva antula izici ezifanele zokuklama, ezifana nezimbobo noma izimbobo, angakhinyabeza ukugeleza komoya, okungenzeka abeke engcupheni ukusebenza kahle okuphelele kwendlela yokupholisa yamahhala.

Ukulawula Umswakama

Izinga lomswakamo lingenye ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile uma kuziwa ekupholiseni kwamahhala. Njengoba singakwazi ukulawula izimo zokuswakama kwangaphandle kuvela imibuzo emibili efanele: okokuqala, ukubhekana namazinga omswakamo asondela noma adlula i-100% ngaphakathi kwesikhungo sedatha (DC); okwesibili, ukubhekana nezimo zomswakama womoya ophansi kakhulu, njengaphakathi nosuku oluneqhwa ngoFebhuwari nezinga lokushisa langaphandle elingu -30°C kanye nomswakama ohlobene osukela ku-2% kuya ku-5%. Ake sihlole lezi zimo ngendlela ehlelekile.

Ezimweni zokuswakama okuphezulu, kunokukhathazeka okuvamile mayelana nokwenzeka kokujiya kanye nemiphumela yako emibi ekusebenzeni kwemishini. Ngokuphambene nalokhu kukhathazeka, ngaphakathi kwezindawo zokupholisa kabusha ze-DC, lapho inqubo yokupholisa kwenzeka, ukufingqa kuvinjelwe. Lokhu kungenxa yesimiso sokuthi ukujiya kwenzeka lapho umoya ofudumele nomanzi uhlangana nezindawo ezibandayo. Nokho, ngaphakathi kwesistimu yokupholisa yamahhala ye-DC, ayikho into ebanda kunomoya ozungezile. Ngakho-ke, ukufingqa kuvimbekile ngokwemvelo, okuqeda isidingo sezinyathelo ezisheshayo.

Ngokuphambene, lapho usebenza nomswakamo ophansi, ukubasa kuyashintsha kuya ekukhiqizeni ugesi omile, okubeka engcupheni ukuqina kwemishini. Lolu daba aluhlangene nokufingqa kodwa ludinga isixazululo esihlukile. Ukunciphisa kuhilela izinqubo zokubeka phansi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwengubo yaphansi ekhethekile. Lezi zinyathelo zihambisana nezindlela ezimisiwe zokuvikela okokusebenza kwangaphakathi kugesi ongaguquki. Ngokubeka phansi izakhi zokwakha, ama-rack, kanye nempahla ye-IT, ukushaja okumile kuchithwa ngokungenabungozi phansi, okugcina ubuqotho bezinto zokusebenza.

Esimeni sezulu semvelo, izimo zomswakama ophezulu noma ophansi kakhulu azivamile. Okuhlukile okuphawulekayo kufaka phakathi izehlakalo ezingavamile ezifana nokuduma kwezulu okuthole umswakama ongu-100% ngoJulayi noma isithwathwa esinamandla esibangela umswakama ophansi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, esikhathini esiningi amazinga omswakamo ahlala engaphakathi kwebanga elamukelekayo elingadali kulimaza okokusebenza, ngisho nalapho kungekho ukungenelela okusebenzayo.

Ubuningi bomoya kanye nesivinini

Njengoba sesixoxile, ukuze kube lula ukupholisa ngempumelelo sidinga umthamo omkhulu womoya wangaphandle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imfuneko ebonakala iphikisana nayo ivela - ukugcina ukugeleza komoya okuphansi ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo. Lokhu kudideka okusobala kusekelwe ezinseleleni ezilethwa amaza omoya anesivinini esiphezulu azungeza ngaphakathi.

Ukwenza kube lula, cabanga ngesivinini somoya esikhulu njengokugeleza okuqinile okuvela eshubhuni, okudala ukuzungeza kanye nesiyaluyalu emshinini we-IT. Lesi siphithiphithi singase siholele ekuhambeni komoya okungajwayelekile kanye nokushisa okweqile kwendawo. Ukuze sibhekane nalokhu, ngokwecebo sihlose isivinini somoya esiphansi sisonke samamitha angu-1-2 ngomzuzwana kuso sonke isikhala.

Ukugcina lesi sivinini somoya esilawulwayo kusivumela ukuthi siqede isiyaluyalu. Isivinini esiphezulu singabeka engcupheni ukuphazamiseka ekuhambeni komoya. Ngokunamathela kumamitha angu-1-2 ngesekhondi ngalinye, sikhuthaza ukugeleza komoya okubushelelezi, okufanayo, sigwema ukushisa okweqile kwendawo. Le bhalansi ethambile iqinisekisa ukupholisa okuphezulu kwemishini ye-IT ngokushiya izingibe ezihambisana namaza omoya wesivinini esikhulu.

Njengoba kubonakala, indlela yokupholisa yamahhala izungeza ekusebenziseni kahle umoya wangaphandle kuyilapho ibeka phambili isivinini somoya esiphansi esilawulwayo. Leli su langamabomu lisiza ekugcineni ukugeleza komoya kwe-laminar nokufana okufanayo, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kokupholisa imishini ye-IT.

Umqondo Wokwakha

Kwipharadigm yokupholisa yamahhala, imigudu yomoya evamile ayisetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sesakhiwo. Ngokungafani nokusetha okuvamile okunamapayipi omoya aqokiwe ezindongeni, ophahleni, noma ezindaweni ezithile, izikhungo zokucubungula idatha zisebenzisa indlela engajwayelekile. Isakhiwo ngokwaso siqanjwe njengepayipi lomoya, okwenza amayunithi okupholisa umoya aphelelwe yisikhathi. Ubukhulu bamapayipi omoya buwaguqula abe izingxenye ezibalulekile zamakamelo nephansi.

Inqubo yokugeleza komoya iqala njengoba umoya wangaphandle ungena esakhiweni, udlula ezinhlotsheni ezimbili zokuhlunga - izihlungi eziqinile nezihlungi ezinhle. Uma umoya usungene kwinqubo yokuhlanza, udonswa abalandeli ube yivolumu enkulu yokwakha, ecishe ilingane nezitezi ezine ukuphakama. Lo mthamo omkhulu ufeza inhloso yawo: ukunciphisa ukugeleza komoya, ukunciphisa isivinini sawo sibe ibanga elidingekayo lamamitha ayi-1-2 ngomzuzwana. Ngemva kwalokho, umoya wehlela ekamelweni lemishini.

Ngemva kokunqamula igumbi lemishini, umoya uyaqhubeka nohambo lwawo ngama-IT racks, uqhubekela endaweni eshisayo. Ukusuka lapho, ingena eqoqweni lomoya oshisayo ngaphambi kokuxoshwa ngaphandle ngabalandeli be-exhaust. Le ndlela yokugeleza komoya ehlelekile iqinisekisa inqubo yokupholisa ephumelelayo kuyilapho igcina isivinini somoya esilawulwayo.

I-Airspeed neVolume

Ukukhetha ngamabomu ukuklama ukusebenzisa amavolumu esakhiwo anwebekayo kufeza izinhloso ezimbili. Okokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu, ivumela ukuncishiswa kancane kancane kwesivinini somoya, iqinisekise ukuthi ukugeleza komoya kufinyelela isivinini esifunekayo samamitha angu-1-2 ngomzuzwana. Lesi sivinini somoya esilawulwayo sibalulekile ukuvimbela ukuxokozela nokugcina ukugeleza kwe-laminar, okubaluleke kakhulu njengoba umoya uqhubeka ngemishini ye-IT ebucayi. Okwesibili, umthamo obalulekile uvumela ivolumu yomoya edingekayo ukuze kukhishwe ukushisa okukhiqizwa kahle. Ukusebenzisana okuvunyelanisiwe kwesivinini somoya kanye nevolumu kunomthelela empumelelweni iyonke yohlelo.

I-Differential Pressure njenge-Sole Management Driver

Esimisweni sokupholisa samahhala, asinakho ukulawula izinga lokushisa lomoya langaphandle, okuholela ekuhlukeni kwezinga lokushisa lomoya elingena ku-Data Center (DC). Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukulinganisa ukugeleza komoya okudingekayo kokupholisa imishini kubalulekile. Ukuze sibhekane nalokhu, sincike endleleni yokucindezela okuhlukile.

Ngaphakathi kwerekhi ngayinye ye-IT, amaseva anabalandeli bangaphakathi asebenza ngesivinini esihlukile, ngokuhlangene enza ingcindezi ehlukile phakathi kwengaphambili nengemuva le-rack. Ngamaseva amaningi, ngalinye linikela ekugelezeni komoya kukonke, lo mehluko wengcindezi uyakhula kancane kancane phakathi kwamaphasishi abandayo nashisayo. Sisebenzisa izinzwa zokucindezela kuzo zombili ama-aisles nangaphandle kwesakhiwo se-DC, singakwazi ukukala le ngcindezi ehlukile.

Ukubala kuhilela ukukhipha idatha yenzwa yokucindezela ku-aisle eshisayo kusukela kumfutho womoya kanye nokukhipha idatha yenzwa yokucindezela endaweni ebandayo kumfutho womoya. Ngakho njengoba kusibonelo esingezansi:

Isibonelo Somhlaba Wangempela

Amanani angumphumela abe esesiqondisa ekunqumeni ukunikezwa komoya okudingekayo ku-DC kanye ne-exhaust edingekayo ukuze kulungiswe ukusebenza kwabalandeli beseva. Ngamagama alula, sikala izidingo zethu zokugeleza komoya ngokusekelwe kokuhluka kwengcindezi, okusivumela ukuthi silawule inqubo yokupholisa ngaphakathi kwe-DC ngendlela efanele.

Igumbi Lokushisa Nokuxuba

Amasistimu okushisa endabuko awavamile ukusetshenziswa Ezikhungweni Zedatha ezinokupholisa kwamahhala. Ukusebenzisa amanzi kuthathwa njengokungenangqondo ngenxa yezindleko kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona emishinini. Lokhu kubangela inselele ngesikhathi somkhuhlane omkhulu, ofinyelela -20-30 degrees ngaphandle. Nakuba imishini iyiphatha kahle, onjiniyela bafuna indlela emnene. Isixazululo esihle kakhulu nesinengqondo lapha ukusebenzisa kabusha umoya oshisayo okhiqizwe imishini ye-IT. Ukuqondisa umoya oshisayo osuka kumaseva uwuyise ekamelweni elixutshwayo, futhi ubuyisela ingxenye yawo emoyeni oyinhloko, isistimu igcina indawo efudumele ebusika futhi ivumela ukonga izindleko ekushiseni.

Ubulula kanye Nokwethenjelwa

Ithiyori eyinhloko ithiyori yokwethembeka igomela ukuthi ubulula buzala ukwethembeka. Lokhu kubambele isistimu yokupholisa yamahhala emi njengomqondo olula ngokuphawulekayo. Uhlelo lusebenza njengesivimbeli, lungenisa umoya ovela ngaphandle ngezihlungi, luwudlulise kumishini ye-IT, bese luyawukhipha.

Ukungabikho kwezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi kuthuthukisa ukwethembeka, ngabalandeli kuphela ababeka ubungozi esimweni sezulu esishisayo. Indlela yokupholisa mahhala ibonisa ukwenziwa lula kwesistimu, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukwethembeka ngokunciphisa inani lezinto.

Abalandeli be-DC vs Abalandeli Beseva

Igunya le-hierarchical labalandeli ngomunye umbuzo obalulekile ekuguquguqukeni kokugeleza komoya ngaphakathi kwama-DC. Njengoba sixoxile, kunabalandeli abakhulu abasezingeni le-DC nalabo abasezingeni leseva. Umbuzo uwukuthi: ingabe abalandeli besikhungo sedatha bamane banikeze umoya, bashiye abalandeli beseva ukuthi badle okuningi njengoba kudingeka? Noma ingabe isidingo sivela kubalandeli beseva, siphoqa abalandeli be-DC ukuthi bafeze izidingo zabo?

Umshini umi kanje: abalandeli beseva banendima enkulu kule nqubo, benquma ukugeleza komoya okudingekile. Kamuva, abalandeli be-DC baphendula ngokuletha umthamo womoya odingekayo. Kuba sobala ukuthi uma isidingo esikhulayo esivela kuwo wonke amaseva sidlula umthamo wokunikezela wefeni ye-DC, singaholela ekushiseni ngokweqile okungaba khona.

Ngakho-ke impendulo iwukuthi abalandeli beseva banokubaluleka kulokhu okuguquguqukayo. Bahlela ukugeleza komoya, becacisa inani lomoya elidingekayo.

Ukusebenza kahle nokubala kwe-PUE

Ukuhlola ukusebenza kahle kwephrojekthi ye-DC ukubalwa kokuSebenzisa Amandla Ngempumelelo (PUE) kusetshenziswa ngokwesiko. Ifomula ye-PUE isilinganiso se-Total Facility Power ku-IT Equipment Power:

I-PUE = Amandla Aphelele Wesikhungo / Amandla Wezisetshenziswa ze-IT

Ngokufanelekile, ilingana no-1, okubonisa ukuthi wonke amandla aqondiswe kumishini ye-IT ngaphandle kokumoshakala. Kodwa-ke, ukuzuza lesi simo esiphelele akuvamile kumaphrojekthi omhlaba wangempela.

Enye inkinga iphakama lapho sizama ukusungula indlela ecacile yokwenza i-computing Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE). Ngakho, isibonelo, ohlelweni lwethu, sinemethrikhi ekhombisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngokushesha kuma-watts, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukubala i-PUE ngesikhathi sangempela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, singathola i-PUE emaphakathi phakathi nenkathi yonyaka, enikeza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kakhulu kucatshangelwa ukushintshashintsha kwesizini. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma kubhekwa umehluko ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla phakathi kwezinkathi zonyaka; isibonelo, umehluko wezidingo zokupholisa phakathi kwezinyanga zasehlobo nobusika. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma sifuna ukuba nokuhlola okuthembeke kakhudlwana, kudingeka sibeke eqhulwini isilinganiso sonyaka esihlinzeka ngokuhlola okunokulinganisela nokuphelele.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlola i-PUE hhayi ngokwamandla kuphela kodwa namayunithi emali, ngaleyo ndlela kuhlanganiswe nokuguquguquka kwesizini kwamanani kagesi. Ukuhlola i-PUE ngokwemibandela yezimali kunikeza umbono ophelele wokusebenza kahle.

Ngaphandle kwalokho, le ndlela iveza amathuba okuzuza inani le-PUE elingaphansi kuka-1 uma likalwa ngamadola. Kuyenzeka, isibonelo, uma sisebenzisa ukushisa okuyimfucuza ukushisisa amanzi futhi sikudayisele emadolobheni aseduze. Izibonelo eziphawulekayo, njengesikhungo sedatha se-Google e-USA kanye nesikhungo se-Yandex e-Finland, zibonisa ukusebenza kwezinqubo ezinjalo, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezinezindleko eziphezulu zamandla.

Ukusebenza kahle vs. Ukwethembeka

Ukukhathazeka ngokunciphisa izindleko kanye nokwenyusa ukusebenza kahle ngokuvamile kuphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nemithelela engemihle engaba khona ekuthembekeni. Kodwa-ke, ngithanda ukugcizelela ukuthi ekupholiseni kwamahhala ukuphishekela ukusebenza kahle akuphazamisi ukwethembeka. Kunalokho, imiphumela yayo engemihle kwezobuchwepheshe ingathuthukisa ngisho nokusebenza kahle. Isibonelo, njengoba sesixoxile kakade, ukuqondisa kabusha ukushisa okudlulele kumaphampu okushisa ukuze uthole izinzuzo ezengeziwe, njengokukhiqiza amanzi ashisayo emadolobheni aseduze, kuba umkhuba onenzuzo ngokwezimali ngaphandle kokudela ukwethembeka.

Ikusasa Lokupholisa Kwamahhala

Naphezu kwazo zonke izinzuzo ezinikezwayo zokupholisa mahhala, imboni yesikhungo sedatha isaqhutshwa indlela yokonga futhi idinga ukwethembeka okuqinisekisiwe, nokuthambekela kokumelana nezixazululo ezintsha. Ukuthembela kuzitifiketi ezivela emizimbeni efana ne Isikhungo se-Uptime ukumaketha kubangela esinye isithiyo sezixazululo zokupholisa zamahhala, ukuntula isitifiketi esimisiwe, okuholela abahlinzeki bezentengiselwano ukuthi bazibuke ngokungabaza.

Nokho, kunomkhuba phakathi kwama-hyper-scaler ezinkampani ukuthi asebenzise ukupholisa kwamahhala njengesixazululo esikhulu sama-DC awo. Ngenani elikhulayo lezinkampani ezivuma ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwezindleko kanye nezinzuzo zokusebenza zalobu buchwepheshe, silindele ukuthi izikhungo zedatha zokupholisa zamahhala zamahhala zizovela eminyakeni eyi-10-20 ezayo.