Kugonesa Data Center Kubudirira: Kunyura Kwakadzika muFreecooling Techniques

Muchinyorwa chakapfuura , takakurukura kukurumidza kuwedzera kwe data center infrastructure uye kuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwemagetsi kwakaguma. zvezvikwata zveDC.

Nepo nzira dzechinyakare dzekutonhodza, dzinosanganisira maairconditioner uye machiller zvinonyatsotonhorera nzvimbo yedata centre nemasevha, kudhura kwavo kunoramba kuri kudhonzesa. Kutonhodza kwemahara mukupesana nemaitiro echinyakare hakudi kuisirwa mari yakawanda asi kunopa mwero wakafanana wekushanda nekuvimbika. Muchinyorwa chino, ini ndichaita yakadzama yakadzama yemahara kutonhora tekinoroji, ndichiratidzira mabhenefiti ayo, zvipimo, uye zvinodikanwa zvekubudirira kuita.

Fizikisi yeMahara Kutonhodza

Kuti tinzwisise iyo fizikisi kuseri kwekutonhora kwemahara, isu tichafanirwa kushanyirazve kupisa simba formula:

Q = mcΔT

Pano, 'Q' inomiririra huwandu hwekupisa hunowanikwa kana kurasika, 'm' inomiririra huwandu hwemuenzaniso (munyaya yedu, huwandu hwemhepo munzvimbo yedata), 'c' inoreva huni hwekupisa kwemhepo, uye ΔT inoreva kusiyana kwekushisa.

Munzvimbo yedata, yekutanga kupisa sosi ndiyo CPU. Kazhinji, kune 2 kusvika ku4 CPUs, imwe neimwe inoshanda paanenge mazana maviri watts. Sezvakakurukurwa kare, simba rose remagetsi rinopedzwa neCPU rinoshandurwa kuita kupisa. Naizvozvo, ne 2 CPUs, semuenzaniso, isu tinogadzira mazana mana ewatts ekupisa anoda kuraswa. Iye zvino chinangwa chedu ndechekuona huwandu hwemhepo inodiwa pachinangwa ichi.

Iyo parameter ΔT, kana kusiyanisa kwekushisa, inoratidza kuti kudzika kwekunze kwemhepo tembiricha, mhepo shoma inodiwa kutonhora maCPU. Semuenzaniso, kana tembiricha yemhepo inopinda iri 0 ° C uye tembiricha yekubuda iri 35 ° C, ΔT ingangove makumi matatu neshanu, zvichireva kuderera kunodiwa kwemhepo. Nekudaro, mumwaka wezhizha, kutonhora kunowedzera kunetsa nekuda kwekukwira kwe tembiricha. Iyo yakakwirira tembiricha yekunze, iyo yakakura huwandu hwemhepo hunozodiwa pakutonhodza maseva.

Server uye Network Components Temperature Limitations

Kunyangwe kutonhora kwemahara kungave kunoshanda kune zviri pakati nepakati uye kutonhora kwemamiriro ekunze, ichine zvisingakwanisi nekuda kwekushomeka kwetembiricha pane zvikamu zveseva. Zvinhu zvakakosha muIT uye network zvishandiso, senge processors, RAM, HDDs, SSDs, uye NVMe madhiraivha, ane tembiricha yekushanda zvinodiwa:

• Mapurosesa: kunyanya 89°C
• RAM: inopfuura 75°C
• HDDs: kunyanya 50°C
• SSDs uye NVMe dhiraivha: max 47-48°C

Izvi zvipingamupinyi zvinokanganisa zvakananga kukodzera kwekunze kwemhepo tembiricha yekutonhodza. Kutonhodza kwemahara kwaisazoshanda munzvimbo dzinopisa tembiricha dzekunze dzinodarika zvikumbaridzo izvi kana kutoswedera pedyo nazvo, sezvo zvichigona kukuvadza sisitimu nekuda kwekupisa. Kuganhurirwa Kwenharaunda

Sezvatakatsanangura kare, tembiricha yekunze inofanirwa kugara yakadzikira pane tembiricha yeIT yemhando yepamusoro yekutonhora kwemahara kuti ishande. Izvi zvinoda kunyatsotariswa kwemamiriro ekunze enzvimbo yeDC. Masangano anofanirwa kuongorora mamiriro ekunze enguva refu kuti aone kuti tembiricha haipfuure zvinodikanwa, kunyangwe pamazuva kana maawa chaiwo. Pamusoro pezvo, tichifunga nezvehupenyu hurefu hwenzvimbo dzedata (kazhinji 10-15 makore), mhedzisiro yekudziya kwepasi inofanirawo kuverengerwa kuita sarudzo dzenzvimbo.

Server Node Architecture Zvinodiwa

Muchirevo chefizikisi, kuwana kutonhora kwakanaka mumaseva kunoenderana nekuona kuyerera kwakakwana kwemhepo kuburikidza nehurongwa. Iyo yekuvakisa sevha inoita basa rakakosha mukuita uku.

Sezvineiwo, maseva asina dhizaini akakodzera, senge maperforations kana kuvhurika, anogona kukanganisa kuyerera kwemhepo, zvinogona kukanganisa kushanda kwese kwemahara kutonhora meshini.

Humidity Control

Iyo humidity level ndiyo imwe yekutarisisa yakakosha kana zvasvika pakutonhora kwemahara. Sezvo isu tisina simba pamusoro pemamiriro ekunze ehututi mibvunzo miviri yakakosha inomuka: kutanga, kugadzirisa humidity mazinga ari pedyo kana kudarika 100% mukati me data center (DC); chechipiri, kugadzirisa mamiriro ehunyoro hwemhepo hwakaderera, senge panguva yekutonhora kwezuva raFebruary nekudziya kwekunze kwe -30 ° C uye hunyoro hunobva pa2% kusvika pa5%. Ngationgororei zvakarongeka mamiriro aya.

Mumamiriro ehunyoro hwakasimudzwa, pane kunetseka kunowanzo pamusoro pekugona kuitika kwe condensation uye yakashata mhedzisiro pamashandiro emidziyo. Kusiyana nekunetseka uku, mukati menzvimbo dzinotonhorera dzeDC, uko kutonhora kunoitika, condensation inodziviswa. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemusimboti wekuti condensation inoitika kana mweya unodziya, wakanyorova ukasangana nenzvimbo dzinotonhora. Nekudaro, mukati meiyo yemahara kutonhora system yeDC, hapana chinhu chinotonhora kupfuura mhepo yakatenderedza. Nekuda kweizvozvo, condensation inodzivirirwa, zvichibvisa kukosha kwematanho ekutanga.

Pane zvakapesana, kana uchibata nehunyoro hwakaderera, kutya kunoshanduka kune chizvarwa chemagetsi akamira, zvichiunza njodzi kune kugadzikana kwemidziyo. Nyaya iyi hainei nekugadzirisa asi inoda kugadziriswa kwakasiyana. Kuderedza kunosanganisira maitiro ekuisa pasi uye kushandiswa kweunyanzvi hwekubatisa pasi. Matanho aya anofambirana nenzira dzakatarwa dzekuchengetedza michina yemukati kubva kumagetsi akamira. Nekuisa pasi zvinhu zvekuvaka, racks, uye michina yeIT, static charge inoraswa zvisina njodzi pasi, kuchengetedza kutendeseka kwemidziyo.

Mumamiriro ekunze ekunze, zviitiko zvekunyanya kukwira kana kuderera hunyoro hazviwanzo. Zvinocherechedzwa zvinosanganisira zviitiko zvisingawanzo kuitika semabhanan'ana rinowana mwando we100% muna Chikunguru kana chando chakanyanya chinokonzera mwando wakaderera. Nekudaro, kune yakawanda yenguva iyo humidity mazinga anoramba ari mukati mematanho anogamuchirwa ayo asingakonzerese kukuvadza kune midziyo, kunyangwe pasina kupindira kunoshanda.

Air Quantity uye Speed

Sezvatakambokurukura, kufambisa kutonhora kunoshanda tinoda huwandu hwakakura hwemhepo yekunze. Panguva imwe chete, chinhu chinoratidzika sechinopikisa chinobuda - kuchengetedza mhepo yakaderera mukati mechivako. Iyi gangaidzo inooneka yakadzika midzi mumatambudziko anokonzerwa nemhepo inomhanya-mhanya inotenderera mukati.

Kuti urerutsa, fungidzira kumhanya kwemhepo kwakakwira serukova rwakasimba kubva pachubhu, ichigadzira swirls uye mhirizhonga yakatenderedza IT michina. Kubvongodzwa uku kunogona kutungamira kukufamba kwemhepo kusingaite uye kupisa kwenzvimbo. Kuti tigadzirise izvi, isu tinovavarira zvine hungwaru kune yakaderera airspeed yemamita 1-2 pasekondi munzvimbo yese.

Kuchengeta iyi inodzorwa airspeed inotibvumira kubvisa mhirizhonga. Kumhanya kwepamusoro kunogona kukanganisa kusafamba kwemhepo. Nekunamatira kumamita 1-2 pasekondi imwe neimwe, tinosimudzira kuyerera kwakatsetseka, kwakafanana, kudzivirira kupisa kwenzvimbo. Ichi chakapfava chiyero chinogonesa kutonhora kwemidziyo yeIT nekudzika makomba ane chekuita nemhepo inomhanya-mhanya.

Sezvinoonekwa, iyo yemahara yekutonhodza nzira inotenderera nekushandisa zvakanaka kwekunze kwemhepo uku ichitungamira inodzorwa yakaderera mukati airspeed. Iri zano remaune rinobatsira kuchengetedza laminar uye yunifomu kuyerera kwemhepo, kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kweIT kutonhora kwemidziyo.

Kuvaka Pfungwa

Mune yemahara yekutonhodza paradigm, echinyakare mhepo maducts haashandiswe mukati mechimiro chechivakwa. Kusiyana neyakajairwa setups ine yakasarudzika madhiraini emhepo mumadziro, sirin'i, kana nzvimbo dzakati, nzvimbo dzekugadzirisa data dzinotora nzira isina kujairika. Chivako chacho pachacho chinonambwa senzira yekufambisa mhepo, zvichiita kuti mayunitsi ekufefetera echinyakare asisashandiswe. Huyero hwakazara hweaya madhiri emhepo anoashandura kuita zvikamu zvakakosha zvemakamuri uye pasi.

Nzira yekufambisa mhepo inotanga semhepo yekunze inopinda muchivako, ichipfuura nemhando mbiri dzemafirita - mafirita akaoma uye mafirita akanaka. Kana mweya wangopinda mukucheneswa, unofambiswa nemafeni mumavhoriyamu ekuvaka, anenge akaenzana nemafloor mana pakureba. Iri vhoriyamu yakakura inoshandisa chinangwa chayo: kuderedza kuyerera kwemhepo, kuderedza kumhanya kwayo kusvika kune inodiwa chiyero che 1-2 metres pasekondi. Zvadaro, mhepo inodzika kukamuri yemashini.

Mushure mekufamba mukamuri yemuchina, mhepo inoenderera mberi nerwendo rwayo kuburikidza neIT racks, ichifambira munzira inopisa. Kubva ipapo, inopinda muunganidzi wemhepo inopisa isati yadzingwa kunze kuburikidza nemagetsi emagetsi. Iyi yakarongeka nzira yekuyerera kwemhepo inova nechokwadi chekuita kutonhora maitiro uchichengetedza inodzorwa airspeed.

Airspeed uye Vhoriyamu

Sarudzo yemaune yedhizaini yekushandisa yakakura mavhoriyamu ekuvaka inoshanda kune mbiri chinangwa. Chekutanga uye chakakosha, inobvumira kudzikiswa zvishoma nezvishoma mumhepo, kuve nechokwadi chekuti mhepo inoyerera inowana vheji inodiwa yemamita 1-2 pasekondi. Iyi inodzorwa airspeed yakakosha kudzivirira mhirizhonga uye kuchengetedza laminar kuyerera, kunyanya kukosha sezvo mhepo inofambira mberi kuburikidza neyakaoma IT michina. Kechipiri, iyo yakakosha vhoriyamu inogara inodiwa yemhepo vhoriyamu kuti ibvise kupisa kwakagadzirwa zvakanaka. Iyo yakawiriraniswa kupindirana kwemhepo uye vhoriyamu inobatsira mukubudirira kwese kwehurongwa.

Differential Pressure seye Sole Management Driver

Mune yemahara yekutonhodza setup, isu hatina kutonga pamusoro pekunze kwemhepo tembiricha, zvichitungamira kune mutsauko mumhepo tembiricha inopinda muData Center (DC). Zvisinei neizvi, kufungidzira mafambiro emhepo anodiwa ekutonhodza michina kwakakosha. Kuti tigadzirise izvi, tinovimba nenzira yekusiyanisa kudzvinyirira.

Mukati mega yega IT rack, maseva ane mafeni emukati anoshanda nekumhanya kwakasiyana, pamwe chete achigadzira mutsauko wekumanikidza pakati peiyo rack yekumberi uye kumashure. Iine maseva akawanda, imwe neimwe inobatsira kumhepo yese, iyi mutsauko wekumanikidza zvishoma nezvishoma unovaka pakati peinotonhora uye inopisa nzira. Tichishandisa masensa ekumanikidza mune ese ari maviri uye kunze kwechivakwa cheDC, tinogona kuyera iyi mutsauko kudzvanywa.

Iko kuverenga kunosanganisira kubvisa iyo yekumanikidza sensor data mune inopisa nzira kubva mumhepo yekumanikidza uye kubvisa iyo yekumanikidza sensor data mumhepo inotonhora kubva mumhepo. Saka semumuenzaniso uri pasi apa:

Chaiyo-Nyika Muenzaniso

Izvo zvakakosha zvinokonzeresa zvinotitungamira mukuona iyo inodiwa mhepo inopihwa kuDC uye inodiwa exhaust yekumisa mashandiro evateveri veseva. Mumashoko akareruka, tinoyera zvido zvedu zvekuyerera kwemhepo zvichibva pakumanikidzwa kwakasiyana, zvichitibvumira kubata maitiro ekutonhora mukati meDC nemazvo.

Kupisa uye Kusanganisa Chamber

Iwo echinyakare ekudziya masisitimu kazhinji haaitwe muData Centers nekutonhora kwemahara. Kushandisa mvura kunoonekwa sekusina musoro nekuda kwemutengo uye njodzi dzinogona kuitika kumidziyo. Izvi zvinounza dambudziko panguva yekutonhora kwakanyanya, kusvika -20-30 degrees kunze. Nepo michina ichiibata nemazvo, mainjiniya anotsvaka nzira yakapfava. Iyo yakanyanya kunaka uye ine musoro mhinduro pano kushandisazve mhepo inopisa inogadzirwa neIT michina. Kutungamira mhepo inopisa kubva kumaseva kupinda mukamuri yekusanganisa, uye kudzosera chikamu chayo kune huru mhepo yazvino, sisitimu inochengeta nzvimbo ichidziya munguva yechando uye inobvumira kuchengetedza mari pakudziya.

Nyore uye Kuvimbika

Tsanangudzo yakakosha mudzidziso yekuvimbika inotaura kuti kureruka kunobereka kuvimbika. Izvi zvinobata iyo yemahara yekutonhodza sisitimu inomira senge pfungwa yakapusa. Iyo sisitimu inoshanda sechivharo, kuendesa mhepo kubva kunze kuburikidza nemasefa, ichipfuura nemumidziyo yeIT, uye nekungoidzinga.

Kusavapo kwemasisitimu akaomarara kunowedzera kuvimbika, paine mafeni chete ari kuisa njodzi mumamiriro ekunze anopisa. Iyo yemahara-kutonhora maitiro inoratidza radical system kurerutsa, zvakanyanya kuvandudza kuvimbika nekudzikisa huwandu hwezvinhu.

DC Fans vs Server Fans

Chiremera chehierarchical chevateveri mumwe mubvunzo wakakosha musimba rekuyerera kwemhepo mukati meDCs. Sezvatakakurukura, kune mafani akakura padanho reDC uye avo vari padanho reseva. Mubvunzo ndewokuti: mafeni enzvimbo yedata anongopa mweya, achisiya mafeni evhavha kuti adye zvakanyanya sezvinodiwa? Kana kuti kudiwa kunobva kune sevateveri, vachimanikidza maDC mafeni kuzadzisa zvavanoda?

Iyo meshini yakaita seiyi: mafeni evhavha ane basa rakakura mukuita uku, kuona kuyerera kwemhepo kunodiwa. Mushure mezvo, maFDC mafeni anopindura nekuendesa huwandu hunodiwa hwemhepo. Izvo zvinova pachena kuti kana iyo yekuwedzera kudiwa kubva kune ese maseva yakapfuura simba rekupa yeDC fan, inogona kutungamira kune inogona kuwandisa.

Saka mhinduro ndeyekuti vateveri veseva vane hukuru mune ino simba. Vanoronga mafambiro emhepo, vachitsanangura huwandu hwemhepo hunodiwa.

Kubudirira uye PUE Kuverenga

Kuongorora kugona kweprojekiti yeDC kuverengerwa kweSimba Kushandisa Kubudirira (PUE) kunowanzo shandiswa. Iyo formula yePUE chiyero cheTotal Facility Power kune IT Equipment Power:

PUE = Total Facility Power / IT Equipment Power

Sezvineiwo, yakaenzana ne1, zvichireva kuti simba rese rinonangidzirwa kumidziyo yeIT pasina kutambisa. Nekudaro, kuwana iyi mamiriro akakwana haawanzo mumapurojekiti epasirese.

Imwe nyaya inomuka patinoyedza kumisikidza nzira yakajeka yekombuta Simba Rekushandisa Kubudirira (PUE). Saka, semuenzaniso, muhurongwa hwedu, tine metric inoratidza kushandiswa kwesimba pakarepo mumawatts, izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kuverenga PUE munguva chaiyo.

Zvakare, isu tinokwanisa kuwana avhareji yePUE pamusoro penguva yegore, iyo inopa yakazara yakazara ongororo tichifunga nezvekuchinja kwemwaka. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha zvakapihwa mutsauko mukushandiswa kwesimba pakati pemwaka; semuenzaniso, mutsauko mukutonhodza zvinodiwa pakati pezhizha nemwedzi yechando. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana tichida kuve nekuongorora kwakavimbika, tinofanirwa kukoshesa avhareji yegore tichipa ongororo yakaenzana uye yakazara.

Izvo zvakakoshawo kuongorora PUE kwete maererano nesimba chete asiwo mayuniti emari, nekudaro ichibatanidza kuchinja kwemwaka kwemitengo yemagetsi. Kuongorora PUE mumari kunopa maonero akazara pamusoro pekushanda zvakanaka.

Kunze kwezvo, nzira iyi inofumura mikana yekuwana kukosha kwePUE isingasviki 1 kana ikayerwa mumadhora. Zvinogoneka, semuenzaniso, kana tikashandisa kupisa kwemarara pakudziisa mvura uye kuitengesa zvakare kumaguta ari pedyo. Mienzaniso inocherekedza, yakadai senzvimbo yedata yeGoogle muU.SA uye nzvimbo yeYandex muFinland, inoratidza kushanda kwemaitiro akadaro, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinozivikanwa nekudhura kwesimba.

Kubudirira vs. Kuvimbika

Kunetseka pamusoro pekudzikisa mari uye kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kunowanzo mutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pezvingangove zvakashata zvinokanganisa kuvimbika. Zvisinei, ndinoda kusimbisa kuti mukutonhodza mahara kutsvaga kwekuita zvakanaka hakukanganisi kuvimbika. Pane kudaro, maitiro ayo etekinoroji anogona kutowedzera kushanda zvakanaka. Semuyenzaniso, sezvatakambokurukura, redirecting yakawandisa kupisa kuti kupisa pombi mamwe mabhenefiti, akadai generating mvura inopisa kumaguta ari pedyo, inova zvemari bhenekeri tsika pasina kurega kuvimbika.

Ramangwana reMahara Kutonhodza

Kunyangwe zvese zvakanakira kutonhora kwemahara kunopihwa, iyo data data indasitiri ichiri kufambiswa neinochengetedza nzira uye inoda kuvimbika kwakasimbiswa, netsika yekuramba mhinduro itsva. Kuvimba nezvitupa kubva kumiviri yakaita se Uptime Institute zvekushambadzira zvinounza chimwe chipingamupinyi chemahara ekutonhodza mhinduro, kushaya chitupa chakamisikidzwa, zvinotungamira vekutengesa vanopa kuti vazvione nekupokana.

Zvakadaro, pane maitiro pakati pemakambani hyper-scaler kutora kutonhora kwemahara semhinduro huru kune maDC avo. Nenhamba iri kukura yemakambani anobvuma kudhura-kushanda uye kushanda zvakanaka kwehunyanzvi uhu, isu tinotarisira kuti mamwe emakambani-emahara ekutonhodza data nzvimbo achaonekwa mumakore gumi-20 anotevera.