Gutezimbere Data Centre ikora neza: Kwibira cyane muburyo bwa Freecooling

Mu kiganiro cyabanjirije iki , twaganiriye ku kwaguka byihuse ibikorwa remezo by’ikigo no kongera ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi byavuyemo. Mugihe seriveri ihindura amashanyarazi ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo gukora, gucunga ubushyuhe bwinshi no gukonjesha ibikoresho by’ikigo ndetse n’ibikoresho biba ikibazo cya mbere. ku makipe ya DC.

Mugihe uburyo bwa gakondo bwo gukonjesha, burimo ibyuma bifata ibyuma bikonjesha hamwe na chiller bikonjesha neza amakuru yikigo hamwe na seriveri, igiciro cyacyo gikomeje kuba imbogamizi zikomeye. Gukonjesha kubuntu bitandukanye nuburyo gakondo ntibisaba ishoramari ryinshi ariko ritanga urwego rumwe rwo gukora neza no kwizerwa. Muri iyi ngingo, nzakora incamake irambuye yubuhanga bukonje bwubusa, ngaragaza inyungu zayo, aho zigarukira, nibisabwa kugirango ishyirwa mubikorwa neza.

Imiterere yubukonje bwubusa

Kugira ngo dusobanukirwe na fiziki iri inyuma yo gukonja kubuntu, tuzakenera gusubiramo ingufu zubushyuhe:

Q = mcΔT

Hano, 'Q' yerekana ingano yubushyuhe yungutse cyangwa yatakaye, 'm' igereranya ubwinshi bwikitegererezo (muritwe, ubwinshi bwumwuka mwikigo cyamakuru), 'c' bisobanura ubushyuhe bwihariye bwumwuka, na ΔT bisobanura ubushyuhe butandukanye.

Muri data center, isoko yambere yubushyuhe ni CPU. Mubisanzwe, hariho CPU 2 kugeza kuri 4, buri kimwe gikora hafi watt 200. Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, ingufu zose zamashanyarazi zikoreshwa na CPU zihinduka ubushyuhe. Kubwibyo, hamwe na CPU 2, kurugero, tubyara 400 watt yubushyuhe bugomba gukwirakwizwa. Noneho intego yacu ni ukumenya ingano yumwuka ukenewe kubwiyi ntego.

Ibipimo ΔT, cyangwa ubushyuhe butandukanye, byerekana ko munsi yubushyuhe bwo hanze bwo hanze, umwuka muke muke urakenewe kugirango ukonje CPU. Kurugero, niba ubushyuhe bwumwuka winjira ari 0 ° C naho ubushyuhe bwo gusohoka ni 35 ° C, ΔT yaba 35 gusa, bivuze ko bikenewe cyane mubyuka byikirere. Ariko, mugihe cyizuba, gukonja biba ingorabahizi bitewe nubushyuhe bwibidukikije. Ubushyuhe bwo hanze buri hejuru, niko umwuka uzakenerwa kugirango ukonje seriveri.

Seriveri na Network Ibigize Ubushyuhe Buke

Nubwo gukonjesha kubuntu bishobora kuba byiza mubihe bitarenze kandi bikonje, biracyafite imbogamizi bitewe nubushyuhe bwubushyuhe kubice bya seriveri. Ibice byingenzi muri IT nibikoresho byurusobe, nkibitunganya, RAM, HDDs, SSDs, na NVMe, bifite ubushyuhe bukenewe:

• Abatunganya: max 89 ° C.
• RAM: max 75 ° C.
• HDDs: max 50 ° C.
• SSDs na NVMe itwara: max 47-48 ° C.

Izi mbogamizi zigira ingaruka zitaziguye zubushyuhe bwikirere bwo hanze kugirango bukonje. Gukonjesha ku buntu ntibyaba byiza mu turere aho ubushyuhe bwo hanze burenga iyi mbago cyangwa se bukabegereza, kuko bushobora kwangiza sisitemu kubera ubushyuhe bwinshi. Imipaka y'akarere

Nkuko tumaze kubisobanura, ubushyuhe bwo hanze bugomba guhora munsi yubushyuhe bwibikorwa bya IT kugirango ubushyuhe bukonje bukore neza. Ibi birasaba gusuzuma neza imiterere yikirere cya DC. Amashyirahamwe agomba gusesengura igihe kirekire iteganyagihe kugira ngo arebe ko ubushyuhe butarenga ibipimo bisabwa, ndetse no ku minsi cyangwa amasaha yihariye. Byongeye kandi, urebye igihe kirekire cyibigo byamakuru (mubisanzwe imyaka 10-15), ingaruka zubushyuhe bwisi nazo zigomba gushirwa mubyemezo byaho.

Seriveri Node Ubwubatsi Ibisabwa

Mu rwego rwa fiziki, kugera ku gukonjesha neza muri seriveri bishingiye ku kwemeza umwuka uhagije binyuze muri sisitemu. Ubwubatsi bwa seriveri bugira uruhare runini muriki gikorwa.

Ibinyuranye, seriveri idafite ibishushanyo mbonera bikwiye, nka perforasi cyangwa gufungura, birashobora kubangamira ikirere, bishobora guhungabanya imikorere rusange yuburyo bukonje bwubusa.

Kugenzura Ubushuhe

Urwego rwubushuhe nubundi buryo bwo gutekereza cyane mugihe cyo gukonja kubuntu. Mugihe tudakeneye kugenzura imiterere yubushyuhe bwo hanze havuka ibibazo bibiri byingirakamaro: icya mbere, gukemura ikibazo cy’ubushuhe buri hafi cyangwa kirenga 100% muri data center (DC); icya kabiri, gukemura ibibazo byubushuhe buke cyane bwikirere, nko mugihe cyumunsi wubukonje bwa Gashyantare hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hanze bwa -30 ° C hamwe nubushuhe bugereranije buri hagati ya 2% na 5%. Reka dusuzume gahunda kuri ibi bihe.

Mu bihe by'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, hari impungenge rusange zijyanye no kuba impanuka zishobora kubaho hamwe n'ingaruka zabyo ku mikorere y'ibikoresho. Ibinyuranye niyi mpungenge, muri zone zisubiramo za DC, aho inzira yo gukonja ibera, kondegene irabujijwe. Ibi biterwa nihame rivuga ko kondegene ihindagurika iyo umwuka ushyushye, utose uhuye nubukonje bukabije. Nyamara, muri sisitemu yo gukonjesha yubusa ya DC, nta kintu gikonje kuruta umwuka ukikije. Kubera iyo mpamvu, kondegene isanzwe ibangamiwe, bivanaho ingamba zifatika.

Ibinyuranye na byo, iyo bihanganye n'ubushuhe buke, ubwoba buhinduka kubyara amashanyarazi ahamye, bikaba bibangamira umutekano muke. Iki kibazo ntabwo kijyanye na kondegene ariko gisaba igisubizo cyihariye. Kugabanya ubukana bikubiyemo uburyo bwo guhagarika no gukoresha igorofa ryihariye. Izi ngamba zijyanye nuburyo bwashyizweho bwo kurinda ibikoresho byimbere amashanyarazi adahagaze. Muguhagarika ibikoresho byubwubatsi, ibisakuzo, nibikoresho bya IT, amafaranga ahamye atangwa nta nkomyi kubutaka, bikarinda ubusugire bwibikoresho.

Ni gake cyane ikirere gisanzwe, ni gake cyane. Ibidasanzwe bigaragara harimo ibintu bidasanzwe nkinkuba igera ku 100% muri Nyakanga cyangwa ubukonje bukabije butera ubuhehere buke. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, umwanya munini urwego rwubushuhe bugumaho neza murwego rwemewe rutagira icyo rwangiza kubikoresho, kabone niyo haba hatabayeho ibikorwa bifatika.

Umubare w'ikirere n'umuvuduko

Nkuko tumaze kubiganiraho, kugirango byorohereze gukonja dukeneye ubwinshi bwumwuka wo hanze. Icyarimwe, icyifuzo gisa nkicyivuguruza kigaragara - kugumana umwuka muke mumazu. Iyi paradox igaragara yashinze imizi mubibazo biterwa numuyaga mwinshi wihuta uzenguruka imbere.

Kugirango woroshye, tekereza umuvuduko mwinshi nkumugezi ukomeye uva mu muyoboro, utera kuzunguruka no guhungabana bikikije ibikoresho bya IT. Iyi mivurungano irashobora kuganisha ku kirere kidasanzwe no gushyuha cyane. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, twiyemeje intego rusange yumuvuduko muke wa metero 1-2 kumasegonda mumwanya wose.

Kugumana umuvuduko ukabije wumuyaga bidufasha gukuraho imvururu. Umuvuduko mwinshi ushobora guhura nibitagenda neza mukirere. Mugukurikiza metero 1-2 kumurongo wa kabiri, dutezimbere umwuka mwiza, umwe, twirinda ubushyuhe bwaho. Iringaniza ryoroheje ryerekana ibikoresho byiza bya IT gukonjesha ukoresheje kuruhande rwimitego ijyanye numuvuduko mwinshi wumuyaga.

Nkuko bigaragara, uburyo bwo gukonjesha kubuntu buzenguruka mugukoresha neza umwuka wo hanze mugihe ushyira imbere umuvuduko muke wimbere. Izi ngamba nkana zifasha kubungabunga ikirere cya laminari kandi kimwe, bigatuma imikorere ya IT ikonja neza.

Kubaka

Muri paradigima yo gukonjesha kubuntu, imiyoboro gakondo yo mu kirere ntabwo ikoreshwa muburyo bw'inyubako. Bitandukanye nuburyo busanzwe bufite imiyoboro yabugenewe yagenewe urukuta, igisenge, cyangwa ahantu runaka, ibigo bitunganya amakuru bifata inzira idasanzwe. Inyubako ubwayo yatekerejwe nk'umuyoboro wo mu kirere, bigatuma ibice gakondo bizana umuyaga bishaje. Ubunini bwinshi bw'imiyoboro yo mu kirere ibahindura ibice bigize ibyumba na etage.

Inzira yo mu kirere itangira nkuko umwuka wo hanze winjira mu nyubako, unyuze muburyo bubiri bwo kuyungurura - muyunguruzi yuzuye na filteri nziza. Umwuka umaze gukora isuku, usunikwa nabafana mububiko bwagutse bwagutse, hafi ya etage enye z'uburebure. Ingano nini ikora intego zayo: kugabanya umuvuduko wumwuka, kugabanya umuvuduko wacyo kugeza kuri metero 1-2 isegonda. Nyuma, umwuka umanuka mucyumba cyimashini.

Nyuma yo kunyura mucyumba cyimashini, ikirere gikomeza urugendo rwacyo binyuze muri IT, gitera imbere munzira ishyushye. Kuva aho, yinjira mu kirere gishyushye mbere yo kwirukanwa hanze binyuze mu bafana bananiwe. Iyi nzira itunganijwe neza itanga uburyo bwo gukonjesha neza mugihe gikomeza umuvuduko ukabije.

Umuvuduko mwinshi

Guhitamo nkana guhitamo gukoresha ingano yinyubako yagutse ikora intego ebyiri. Mbere na mbere, ituma igabanuka gahoro gahoro umuvuduko ukabije, ikemeza ko umwuka uva mukirere wifuza kugera kuri metero 1-2 kumasegonda. Umuvuduko ukabije wumuyaga ningirakamaro kugirango wirinde imivurungano no gukomeza umuvuduko wa laminari, cyane cyane nkumwuka ugenda utera imbere ukoresheje ibikoresho byoroshye bya IT. Icya kabiri, ingano yingenzi yakira amajwi akenewe kugirango ikwirakwize ubushyuhe bwakozwe neza. Guhuza imikoranire yumuvuduko mwinshi hamwe nubunini bigira uruhare muri rusange muri sisitemu.

Umuvuduko Utandukanye nkumushoferi wenyine

Muburyo bwo gukonjesha kubuntu, ntabwo dufite kugenzura ubushyuhe bwikirere bwo hanze, biganisha ku guhinduka kwubushyuhe bwikirere bwinjira muri Data Center (DC). Nubwo bimeze bityo, kugereranya umwuka ukenewe kugirango ibikoresho bikonje ni ngombwa. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, twishingikirije ku buryo bw'igitutu gitandukanye.

Imbere muri buri cyiciro cya IT, seriveri hamwe nabafana bimbere bakora kumuvuduko utandukanye, hamwe hamwe bigatera umuvuduko utandukanye hagati yimbere ninyuma. Hamwe na seriveri nyinshi, buriwese agira uruhare mukirere rusange, iri tandukaniro ryumuvuduko rigenda ryiyongera hagati yubukonje nubushyuhe. Twifashishije ibyuma byumuvuduko haba munzira no hanze yinyubako ya DC, turashobora gupima umuvuduko ukabije.

Iharurwa ririmo gukuramo amakuru ya sensor yumuvuduko mukirere gishyushye kiva kumuvuduko wikirere no gukuramo amakuru ya sensor yumuvuduko mumihanda ikonje biturutse kumuvuduko wikirere. Rero nkuko biri murugero rukurikira:

Urugero-rwukuri

Indangagaciro zavuyemo noneho zituyobora muguhitamo ikirere gikenewe kuri DC hamwe numuriro usabwa kugirango duhagarike imikorere yabafana ba seriveri. Mumagambo yoroshye, dupima ibyo dukenera mukirere dukurikije itandukaniro ryumuvuduko, bikadufasha gucunga inzira yo gukonja muri DC neza.

Urugereko rwo gushyushya no kuvanga

Sisitemu yo gushyushya gakondo ntabwo isanzwe ishyirwa mubikorwa muri Data Centre hamwe no gukonjesha kubuntu. Gukoresha amazi bifatwa nkibidafite ishingiro bitewe nigiciro hamwe ningaruka zishobora guterwa nibikoresho. Ibi bitera ikibazo mugihe cy'ubukonje bukabije, bugera kuri dogere 20-30 hanze. Mugihe ibikoresho bifata neza, injeniyeri zishakisha uburyo bworoheje. Igisubizo cyiza kandi cyumvikana hano ni ugukoresha umwuka ushyushye ukorwa nibikoresho bya IT. Kuyobora umwuka ushyushye uva muri seriveri mucyumba kivanga, hanyuma ugasubiza igice cyacyo mukirere gikuru, sisitemu ituma ibibanza bishyuha mugihe cyitumba kandi bikabasha kuzigama amafaranga yo gushyushya.

Ubworoherane no kwizerwa

Urufunguzo rwibanze mu myizerere yerekana ko ubworoherane butanga kwizerwa. Ibi bifata sisitemu yo gukonjesha yubusa ihagaze nkigitekerezo cyoroshye kidasanzwe. Sisitemu ikora nka bariyeri, isohora umwuka uturutse hanze ikayungurura, ikayinyuza mubikoresho bya IT, hanyuma ikayirukana gusa.

Kubura sisitemu igoye byongera ubwizerwe, hamwe nabafana gusa bagaragaza intege nke mubihe bishyushye. Uburyo bwo gukonjesha kubuntu bwerekana uburyo bworoshye bwo koroshya sisitemu, kuzamura cyane kwizerwa mugabanya umubare wibintu.

Abafana ba DC vs Abakunzi ba Server

Ubuyobozi bukurikirana bwabafana nikindi kibazo cyibanze mu mikorere yimyuka yo muri DC. Nkuko twabiganiriyeho, hari abafana nini nini kurwego rwa DC nabari kurwego rwa seriveri. Ikibazo niki: abakunzi ba data center batanga gusa umwuka, bagasiga abakunzi ba seriveri kurya nkuko bikenewe? Cyangwa icyifuzo gikomoka kubakunzi ba seriveri, guhatira abafana ba DC kuzuza ibyo basabwa?

Uburyo nuburyo bukurikira: abafana ba seriveri bafite uruhare runini muriki gikorwa, bagena ikirere gikenewe. Ibikurikira, abafana ba DC basubiza mugutanga urugero rukenewe rwumwuka. Bimaze kugaragara ko niba igiteranyo gikenewe muri seriveri zose kirenze ubushobozi bwo gutanga umufana wa DC, bishobora gutera ubushyuhe bukabije.

Igisubizo rero nuko abakunzi ba seriveri bafite primaire muriyi dinamike. Bategura ikirere, bagaragaza ubwinshi bwikirere gikenewe.

Gukora neza no Kubara PUE

Kugirango dusuzume imikorere yumushinga DC kubara imbaraga zo gukoresha ingufu (PUE) gakondo ikoreshwa. Inzira ya PUE ni igipimo cyimbaraga zose zorohereza ibikoresho bya IT:

PUE = Imbaraga zose zoroshye / ibikoresho bya IT

Byiza, bingana na 1, bisobanura ko ingufu zose zerekeza kubikoresho bya IT nta guta. Ariko, kugera kubintu byiza ntibisanzwe mubikorwa-byukuri.

Ikindi kibazo kivuka mugihe tugerageje gushyiraho uburyo busobanutse bwo kubara Imbaraga zikoreshwa (PUE). Rero, kurugero, muri sisitemu yacu, dufite metric yerekana ingufu zikoreshwa mukanya muri watts, bigatuma bishoboka kubara PUE mugihe nyacyo.

Byongeye kandi, dushobora kubona impuzandengo ya PUE mugihe cyumwaka, itanga isuzuma ryuzuye urebye ihindagurika ryibihe. Ibi birakenewe cyane cyane ukurikije itandukaniro mukoresha ingufu hagati yibihe; kurugero, itandukaniro mubisabwa gukonja hagati yizuba nimbeho. Ibi bivuze ko niba dushaka kugira isuzuma ryizewe, dukeneye gushyira imbere impuzandengo yumwaka itanga isuzuma ryuzuye kandi ryuzuye.

Ni ngombwa kandi gucukumbura PUE atari mubijyanye ningufu gusa ahubwo no mubice byamafaranga, bityo hakabamo ihindagurika ryibihe byibiciro byamashanyarazi. Gusuzuma PUE muburyo bw'ifaranga bitanga icyerekezo cyuzuye kubikorwa bikora.

Uretse ibyo, ubu buryo bugaragaza ibishoboka kugirango ugere ku gaciro keza kari munsi ya 1 iyo upimye mumadolari. Birashoboka, nkurugero, iyo dukoresheje ubushyuhe bwimyanda mugushyushya amazi no kuyigurisha kure mumijyi yegeranye. Ingero zingenzi, nkikigo cya Google cyo muri Amerika hamwe n’ikigo cya Yandex muri Finilande, cyerekana imbaraga zibyo bikorwa, cyane cyane mu turere turangwa n’ingufu nyinshi.

Gukora neza no kwizerwa

Guhangayikishwa no kugabanya ibiciro no kongera imikorere akenshi bitera kwibaza ingaruka zishobora kuba mbi ku kwizerwa. Ariko, ndashaka gushimangira ko mugukonjesha kubuntu gukurikirana imikorere bidahungabanya kwizerwa. Ahubwo, ingaruka zikoranabuhanga zirashobora no kuzamura imikorere. Kurugero, nkuko tumaze kubiganiraho, kwohereza ubushyuhe burenze kuri pompe yubushyuhe kubwinyungu zinyongera, nko kubyara amazi ashyushye mumijyi yegeranye, bihinduka imyitozo yubukungu idatanze kwizerwa.

Ejo hazaza h'ubukonje bwubusa

Nubwo inyungu zose zitanga ubukonje butangwa kubuntu, inganda zamakuru aracyayoborwa nuburyo bwo guharanira inyungu kandi bisaba kwizerwa, hamwe no kurwanya ibisubizo bishya. Kwishingikiriza ku mpamyabumenyi ziva mu nzego nka Ikigo cya Uptime kubucuruzi bitera indi mbogamizi kubisubizo bikonje kubuntu, kubura icyemezo cyashizweho, kuyobora abatanga ubucuruzi kubareba bafite gushidikanya.

Nyamara, hari inzira hagati ya hyper-scalers yibigo kugirango bakonje kubuntu nkigisubizo nyamukuru kuri DC zabo. Hamwe n’amasosiyete yiyongera yemera ibiciro-byiza n’inyungu zikoreshwa muri iri koranabuhanga, turateganya ko ibigo byinshi bikonjesha bidafite ibigo bizagaragara mu myaka 10-20 iri imbere.