Kwemari Censorship: 5 Global Mhosva uye Sei Crypto Inogona Kukubatsira Kuidzivirira

Kune masangano aunovimba nemari yako. Mabhangi, madhijitari wallet, mafemu einishuwarenzi, makambani ekudyara, nezvimwe. Nekudaro, pane chokwadi chisiri icho chisingakuvadzi pamusoro pacho: iwe unovhura account ipapo, asi kutonga kwese kwemukati mekuvaka kuri mumaoko emabhizinesi iwayo. Pakupedzisira, ivo vanogona kudzikamisa kana kumisa mari yako, tisingarevi kutengesa data rako pachako kune vamwe. Vanogona zvakare kuramba masevhisi avo, kwete nguva dzose nezvikonzero zvine musoro. Ndiko kuongorora kwemari, uye ichokwadi.

Kuongororwa kwemari zvinoitika apo vanhu, mapoka, kana masangano akavharirwa kuwana kana kushandisa masevhisi emari, seakaundi ekubhangi kana mapuratifomu ekubhadhara, kazhinji nekuda kwezvikonzero zvezvematongerwo enyika, zvemutemo, kana zvemagariro. Zvinogona kusanganisira kuomesa mari, kumisa kutengeserana, kana kurambidza kuwana mari senzira yekudzora kana kunyaradza vanhu.

Kana iwe uchifungidzira kuti izvi zvinongoitika munyika dzehudzvanyiriri, wakarasika zvakanyanya. Zvakaitika kutenderera pasirese, munyika dzinonzi dzakasununguka uye dzegutsaruzhinji, uye zvichipesana nemhando dzakasiyana siyana dzepamhepo mapuratifomu nemasangano. Tichaongorora dzimwe nyaya pano, uye zvatingaite kuti tinyatso tora mari yedu.

WikiLeaks (2010)

WikiLeaks isangano rakavambwa nevane mukurumbira cypherpunk Julian Assange , yakatsaurirwa kutsikisa magwaro akasiana-siana, anosanganisira tambo dzevamiriri vehurumende dzeU. Basa rayo nderekusimudzira kujeka nekufumura hurumende nemakambani kusazvibata kuburikidza nekuburitswa kweruzivo rwakavanzika. Izvi zvakakonzera gakava repasi rose uye matambudziko emutemo kusangano nemuvambi waro.

Muna 2010, WikiLeaks faced kuvharwa kukuru kwemari mushure mekuburitsa zviuru zvemagwaro ehurumende yeUS. Payment processors seVisa, MasterCard, uye PayPal vakagura mipiro papuratifomu, zvichikanganisa zvakanyanya kugona kwayo kushanda. Kuvharika uku kwakaita kuti WikiLeaks irasikirwe nechikamu chakakura chemari yayo, zvichiimanikidza kuti ichinje kutarisa kune kutsvaga mari kuti irarame.

Nekuda kweizvozvo, WikiLeaks yakatendeukira kune decentralized cryptocurrencies kunzvenga izvi zvirambidzo zvemari. Mari idzi dzakapa imwe nzira yekuti vatsigiri vape pasina kuvimba nehurongwa hwemari hwechinyakare, zvichibvumira WikiLeaks kuti ienderere mberi nemabasa ayo kunyangwe pakavharwa.

Hong Kong Kuratidzira (2019)

Hong Kong, sedunhu rakakosha rekutonga, uye China yemakominisiti, ine masisitimu emutemo akasiyana. Hong Kong inotevera hurongwa hwakavakirwa pamutemo weBritain, nedziviriro yakawanda yekodzero nerusununguko rwemunhu. China, zvisinei, ine yakasimba, inodzorwa nehurumende hurongwa hwemutemo. Ndosaka bhiri reHong Kong ra2019 rekugadzirisa Fugitive Offenders Ordinance rakakonzera mamirioni kuti apinde mumigwagwa mukuratidzira kukuru.

Bhiri iri ringadai rakabvumira kuendeswa kwevanhu kubva kuHong Kong kuenda kuChina kune dzimwe mhosva dzakakomba, sekuuraya kana kubata chibharo. Nekudaro, vanhu vazhinji vaityira kuti inogona kushandiswa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvezvematongerwo enyika kana kune chero munhu anotsoropodza hurumende yeChina (pro-democrats), izvo zvakakonzera kutya kwakapararira. Paiva nemhosho yemapurisa yaizivikanwa zvikuru kare ikako, asi hazvina kupera ipapo.

Nhasi, vazhinji vaimboratidzira, kunyangwe mushure mekugara mujeri kwemakore akati wandei, vakatarisana nekuongororwa kwemari zvakare . Mabhanga mazhinji anozivikanwa eHong Kong akavhara maakaundi evaratidziri asina tsananguro chaiyo, uye zvino ari kuvaramba kuvhura matsva. Pasina kuwana mabasa ekubhanga akakosha, vanonetsekana kuwana mabasa kana kunyorera rubatsiro rwerubatsiro, zvichiita kuti kubatanidzwazve munzanga kuve kwakaoma. Pazvishoma, bhiri rekutyisidzirwa rakabviswa zviri pamutemo gore rimwe chetero, saka kuratidzira kwakashanda.

Kugumisa kweNigeria SARS Kuratidzira (2020)

Kupera kweSARS kuratidzira muNigeria kwakatanga muna Gumiguru 2020 semhinduro kuhutsinye hwemapurisa hwakapararira, kunyanya neSpecial Anti-Robbery squad (SARS), iyo yaizivikanwa nekushungurudza, kuba, uye mhirizhonga kune vagari. Kuratidzira uku kwakakurumidza kuwedzera, kukwezva kutarisisa kwepasirese uye kubatana kubva kumasangano akasiyana-siyana ekodzero dzevanhu, zvichiratidza kukosha kwekuzvidavirira uye shanduko yehurongwa mumaitiro emapurisa eNigeria.

Sezvo zviitiko zvakawedzera, varongi vakasangana nematambudziko makuru, kusanganisira kuongororwa kwemari. Vazhinji varatidziri vaivimba nemapuratifomu ekuunganidza mari nemabhangi kuti vatore mari yekuratidzira, rubatsiro rwekurapa, uye rutsigiro rwemutemo. Nekudaro, mushure mekunge hurumende yeNigeria yaisa zvirambidzo pakuedza uku kwekutsvaga mari, mamwe mapuratifomu akamisa maakaundi uye kumisa mipiro, vachiti vari kutyora mirau yenzvimbo.

Mukupindura matambudziko aya, varatidziri vakatendeukira kune mamwe mabviro emari, kusanganisira cryptocurrencies , kunzvenga zvirambidzo zvemari zvinoiswa nemaitiro echinyakare emabhanga. Nenzira iyi, vaigona kugamuchira mipiro vasingavimbi nemabhangi kana kuti hurumende. Mukati memwedzi iwoyo, iyo SARS yakaziviswa kuti ichabviswa. Zvakadaro, varatidziri muNigeria shingirira nekuda kwehupenyu hwavo hwakaoma uye kushungurudzwa nehurumende, uye cryptocurrencies ichiri kushandiswa semari yekushandisa.

Kuratidzira muBelarus (2020)

Kuratidzira uku kwakaitika zvichitevera sarudzo dzemutungamiri wenyika idzo vakawanda vaifunga kuti dzakabirirwa, izvo zvakazoita kuti vanhu vakawanda varatidzire kupikisa hutongi hwaAlexander Lukashenko. Mukupindura kupikisa uku, zviremera zvakaparura mhirizhonga kune varatidziri, zvichikonzera kukuvara kwakawanda uye zvirango zvepamutemo kune vatori vechikamu. Varatidziri vakakurumidza kuungana kuti vatsigire avo vakakanganiswa, vakatanga kuedza kutsvaga mari kuti vape rubatsiro rwemari yekurapwa uye faindi dzakatemerwa varatidziri.

Zvisinei, hurumende yeBelarusian kutsiva nokurayira mabhanga kuti amise mipiro yakanangana nemabasa aya ekubatsira vanhu. Homwe yeBY_help, yakatangwa nemuratidziri Andrei Leonchik, yakaunganidza mari yakawanda kubva kune mipiro midiki, asi vakuru vakuru vakati mipiro iyi inotsigira zviito zvinopesana nehurumende. Nekuda kweizvozvo, hurumende yakatanga kuferefeta kuna Leonchik ndokunanga homwe iyi, ikatora mari inodarika zviuru mazana mana nemakumi mashanu emadhora yaiitirwa kubatsira vanhu vakashungurudzwa nemapurisa uye kudzvinyirirwa.

Kupunzika kwacho hakuna kungogumira rutsigiro rwemari kune vakakuvara kana kubhadhariswa faindi asi zvakakonzerawo kuomerwa kukuru kune vanhu vane maakaundi akavharwa. Vazhinji vakazviwana vatadza kuwana mari dzavo izvo zvakavasiya vachinetsekana nekuwana zvavanoda mushure mekutsungirira mhirizhonga panguva yekuratidzira. Zvakaitwa nehurumende zvakaratidza kushandiswa zvine hungwaru kwekuongorora zvemari kuvhiringa sangano rekubatana pamwe nekudzvinyirira kusawirirana munyika.

Tornado Cash (2022)

Tornado Cash ibasa rekusanganisa cryptocurrency rinowedzera kuvanzika kwevashandisi nekuvanza nhoroondo dzekutengeserana paEthereum. Nekubatanidza mari pamwe chete nekuigovera zvakare, inobvumira vashandisi kuita kutengeserana pasina kutsvaga nyore kwavakabva. Iyi sevhisi inowanzo shandiswa kusimudzira kusazivikanwa kune vanhu vanoda kuchengetedza zvakavanzika zvavo zvemari chero chikonzero, sekugara kwavo zvakanaka kune vanogona kuvatambudza.

Muna Nyamavhuvhu 2022, Dhipatimendi reMari yeU. Ichi chiito chakakonzera kuvharika kwepuratifomu , kudzivirira vashandisi vazhinji kubva kuwana masevhisi ayo uye kutora pasi madomasi ayo. Kutemerwa mhosva kweTornado Cash kwakaratidza chiitiko chakakosha chekuongororwa kwemari, sezvo kwaiganhurira kugona kwevashandisi kushandisa chishandiso chekusimudzira kuvanzika uye kwakasimudza kushushikana pamusoro pekudzvanyirira kwehurumende mumari yakapihwa.

Tornado Cash inocherechedzwa seimwe yekutanga software mapuratifomu kutenderwa nehurumende, ichiratidza kusawirirana kuri kuitika pakati pezviremera zvekutonga uye kusundidzira kuvanzika munzvimbo yecryptocurrency. Vavambi vayo vava kutarisana nematambudziko emutemo, uye chikuva pachacho nhanho imwe kubva kubva kuzere censorship .

Mhinduro mu Crypto

Sezvatinoona, rusununguko rwedu rwepamhepo uye rwemari hachisi chinhu chatingatore sekurerutsa. Mapato mazhinji anogara achiedza kushandisa censorship kwese kwese, asi nerombo rakanaka, isu tine mamwe maturusi erusununguko ekuvimba nawo. Cryptocurrencies, hongu, imwe yacho. Kusiyana nemari yechinyakare, iyo inogara ichigadzirwa uye inodzorwa nemabhangi nehurumende, cryptos inotungamirwa-yakatarisana, uye mutongi wavo chete ndiyo kodhi yavakavakwa nayo.

Zvinozivikanwa zvakanyanya kuti kana iwe uri wako private keys (iyo chete nzira yekuwana uye kudzora crypto wallet), saka hapana munhu anogona kushandisa mari yako asi iwe pachako… uye network's middlemen . Iyo nhanho yekuramba censorship uye decentralization inosiyana kubva kunetiweki kuenda kunetiweki. Ndicho chikonzero Tornado Cash yakatarisana nechiyero ichocho chekudzvinyirira: Ethereum, nevepakati vayo, haipe huwandu hwepamusoro hwekudzivisa censorship.

Kune rimwe divi, Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) zvimiro zvisina pakati pekubvumidza kutengeserana, senge. Obyte , zvakaratidza kuve zvakanyanya kupatsanurwa uye censorship-resistant. Nokushandisa zviratidzo uye data mukati metiweki iyi, vashandisi vanogona kuita zvakananga peer-to-peer transactions pasina vamiriri, kusanganisira miners kana "validator".

Uku kuendesa matunhu kunosimudzira kuramba kutariswa kwemari, sezvo pasina vepakati vanogona kuvharira kana kumisa kutengeserana chero nguva, uye vashandisi vanochengeta kutonga kuzere pamusoro pemari yavo nguva dzese nemakiyi avo epachivande. Aya ndiwo maitiro aungaita mari yako!