How to Build a Profitable NFT Marketplace with React, Solidity, and CometChat

What you will be building, see a on the Rinkeby test network and here… demo git repo Introduction Web3 is the internet's future, and we must all learn and embrace this technology. Its use-cases continue to emerge and have a positive impact on the world. One magnificent application of web3 technology is the creation of non-fungible tokens (NFTs), which are a viable solution for digitalizing assets while retaining ownership rights. This tutorial will teach you how to create a profitable and well-designed NFT marketplace with chat functionality. if you need someone to help you learn web3 development faster. Book your private classes with me With that said, let's get started... . Check out my Youtube channel for FREE web3 tutorials now Prerequisite You will need the following tools installed to successfully crush this build: Node Ganache-Cli Truffle React Infura Tailwind CSS CometChat SDK Metamask Yarn Installing Dependencies Check that NodeJs is already installed on your machine, and if not, install it from . Run the code again on the terminal to ensure it is installed. NodeJs Installation HERE Run the commands below in your terminal to install these critical packages globally. Yarn, Ganache-cli and Truffle Installation npm i -g yarn npm i -g truffle npm i -g ganache-cli To confirm installation, enter the following code into the terminal. yarn --version && ganache-cli --version && truffle version Clone the web 3.0 starter project using the commands below. This ensures that we're all on the same page and using the same software. Cloning Web3 Starter Project git clone https://github.com/Daltonic/timelessNFT Excellent, please replace the file with the following: **package.json** { "name": "TimelessNFT", "private": true, "version": "0.0.0", "scripts": { "start": "react-app-rewired start", "build": "react-app-rewired build", "test": "react-app-rewired test", "eject": "react-scripts eject" }, "dependencies": { "@cometchat-pro/chat": "^3.0.9", "ipfs-http-client": "^56.0.0", "moment": "^2.29.4", "moment-timezone": "^0.5.34", "react": "^17.0.2", "react-dom": "^17.0.2", "react-hooks-global-state": "^1.0.2", "react-icons": "^4.3.1", "react-identicons": "^1.2.5", "react-moment": "^1.1.2", "react-router-dom": "6", "react-scripts": "5.0.0", "web-vitals": "^2.1.4", "web3": "^1.7.1" }, "devDependencies": { "@faker-js/faker": "^6.0.0-alpha.5", "@openzeppelin/contracts": "^4.5.0", "@tailwindcss/forms": "0.4.0", "@truffle/hdwallet-provider": "^2.0.4", "assert": "^2.0.0", "autoprefixer": "10.4.2", "babel-polyfill": "^6.26.0", "babel-preset-env": "^1.7.0", "babel-preset-es2015": "^6.24.1", "babel-preset-stage-2": "^6.24.1", "babel-preset-stage-3": "^6.24.1", "babel-register": "^6.26.0", "buffer": "^6.0.3", "chai": "^4.3.6", "chai-as-promised": "^7.1.1", "crypto-browserify": "^3.12.0", "dotenv": "^16.0.0", "https-browserify": "^1.0.0", "mnemonics": "^1.1.3", "os-browserify": "^0.3.0", "postcss": "8.4.5", "process": "^0.11.10", "react-app-rewired": "^2.1.11", "sharp": "^0.30.1", "stream-browserify": "^3.0.0", "stream-http": "^3.2.0", "tailwindcss": "3.0.18", "url": "^0.11.0" }, "browserslist": { "production": [ ">0.2%", "not dead", "not op_mini all" ], "development": [ "last 1 chrome version", "last 1 firefox version", "last 1 safari version" ] } } After replacing the packages as directed, run on your terminal to load all of the packages with the specified versions. **yarn install** Configuring CometChat SDK Follow the steps below to configure the ; at the end, you must save these keys as an environment variable. CometChat SDK Head to Dashboard and create an account. STEP 1: CometChat Log in to the dashboard, only after registering. STEP 2: CometChat From the dashboard, add a new app called STEP 3: timelessNFT. Select the app you just created from the list. STEP 4: From the Quick Start copy the , , and , to your file. See the image and code snippet. STEP 5: APP_ID REGION AUTH_KEY .env Replace the placeholders keys with their appropriate values. REACT_COMET_CHAT REACT_APP_COMET_CHAT_REGION=** REACT_APP_COMET_CHAT_APP_ID=************** REACT_APP_COMET_CHAT_AUTH_KEY=****************************** Configuring Infura App Head to , and create an account. STEP 1: Infura From the dashboard create a new project. STEP 2: Copy the test network WebSocket endpoint URL to your file. STEP 3: Rinkeby .env After that, enter your Metamask secret phrase and preferred account's private key. If you followed the instructions correctly, your environment variables should now look like this. ENDPOINT_URL=*************************** DEPLOYER_KEY=**********************

REACT_APP_COMET_CHAT_REGION=** REACT_APP_COMET_CHAT_APP_ID=************** REACT_APP_COMET_CHAT_AUTH_KEY=****************************** See the section below if you don't know how to access your private key. Accessing Your Metamask Private Key Make sure Rinkeby is selected as the test network in your Metamask browser extension. Then, on the preferred account, click the vertical dotted line and choose account details. Please see the image below. STEP 1: Enter your password on the field provided and click the confirm button, this will enable you to access your account private key. STEP 2: Click on "export private key" to see your private key. Make sure you never expose your keys on a public page such as . That is why we are appending it as an environment variable. STEP 3: Github Copy your private key to your file. See the image and code snippet below. STEP 4: .env ENDPOINT_URL=*************************** SECRET_KEY=****************** DEPLOYER_KEY=**********************

REACT_APP_COMET_CHAT_REGION=** REACT_APP_COMET_CHAT_APP_ID=************** REACT_APP_COMET_CHAT_AUTH_KEY=****************************** As for your , you are required to paste your secret phrase in the space provided in the environment file. SECRET_KEY Metamask The Timeless NFT Smart Contract Here is the complete smart contract code; Let’s go over all of the functions and variables one by one. // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity >=0.7.0 <0.9.0;

import "./ERC721.sol"; import "./ERC721Enumerable.sol"; import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";

contract TimelessNFT is ERC721Enumerable, Ownable { using Strings for uint256;

mapping(string => uint8) existingURIs; mapping(uint256 => address) public holderOf;

address public artist; uint256 public royalityFee; uint256 public supply = 0; uint256 public totalTx = 0; uint256 public cost = 0.01 ether;

event Sale( uint256 id, address indexed owner, uint256 cost, string metadataURI, uint256 timestamp );

struct TransactionStruct { uint256 id; address owner; uint256 cost; string title; string description; string metadataURI; uint256 timestamp; }

TransactionStruct[] transactions; TransactionStruct[] minted;

constructor( string memory _name, string memory _symbol, uint256 _royalityFee, address _artist ) ERC721(_name, _symbol) { royalityFee = _royalityFee; artist = _artist; }

function payToMint( string memory title, string memory description, string memory metadataURI, uint256 salesPrice ) external payable { require(msg.value >= cost, "Ether too low for minting!"); require(existingURIs[metadataURI] == 0, "This NFT is already minted!"); require(msg.sender != owner(), "Sales not allowed!");

uint256 royality = (msg.value * royalityFee) / 100; payTo(artist, royality); payTo(owner(), (msg.value - royality));

supply++;

minted.push( TransactionStruct( supply, msg.sender, salesPrice, title, description, metadataURI, block.timestamp ) );

emit Sale( supply, msg.sender, msg.value, metadataURI, block.timestamp );

_safeMint(msg.sender, supply); existingURIs[metadataURI] = 1; holderOf[supply] = msg.sender; }

function payToBuy(uint256 id) external payable { require(msg.value >= minted[id - 1].cost, "Ether too low for purchase!"); require(msg.sender != minted[id - 1].owner, "Operation Not Allowed!");

uint256 royality = (msg.value * royalityFee) / 100; payTo(artist, royality); payTo(minted[id - 1].owner, (msg.value - royality));

totalTx++;

transactions.push( TransactionStruct( totalTx, msg.sender, msg.value, minted[id - 1].title, minted[id - 1].description, minted[id - 1].metadataURI, block.timestamp ) );

emit Sale( totalTx, msg.sender, msg.value, minted[id - 1].metadataURI, block.timestamp );

minted[id - 1].owner = msg.sender; }

function changePrice(uint256 id, uint256 newPrice) external returns (bool) { require(newPrice > 0 ether, "Ether too low!"); require(msg.sender == minted[id - 1].owner, "Operation Not Allowed!");

minted[id - 1].cost = newPrice; return true; }

function payTo(address to, uint256 amount) internal { (bool success, ) = payable(to).call{value: amount}(""); require(success); }

function getAllNFTs() external view returns (TransactionStruct[] memory) { return minted; }

function getNFT(uint256 id) external view returns (TransactionStruct memory) { return minted[id - 1]; }

function getAllTransactions() external view returns (TransactionStruct[] memory) { return transactions; } } In the code below, we informed the solidity compiler of the license identifier and compiler versions qualified to compile this code. Code imports and contract information // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity >=0.7.0 <0.9.0;

import "./ERC721.sol"; import "./ERC721Enumerable.sol"; import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";

contract TimelessNFT is ERC721Enumerable, Ownable { // codes goes in here... } Also, this smart contract makes use of some ERC721 smart contracts. You have to make sure that you put them in the same directory as seen in the image below. openzepplin's these smart contracts as shown in the image above. Visit this link and download State variables declarations using Strings for uint256;

mapping(string => uint8) existingURIs; mapping(uint256 => address) public holderOf;

address public artist; uint256 public royalityFee; uint256 public supply = 0; uint256 public totalTx = 0; uint256 public cost = 0.01 ether; We specified that we’re using the string library for performing to operations. Next, we also declared mappings for recording minted NFT artworks and also for knowing the current owner of a token. uint string Then we specified the other essential variables for capturing the artist account, the royalty fees, the current supply, total transactions that have been made on the platform, and the mint cost of an NFT. Setting up events and structures event Sale( uint256 id, address indexed owner, uint256 cost, string metadataURI, uint256 timestamp );

struct TransactionStruct { uint256 id; address owner; uint256 cost; string title; string description; string metadataURI; uint256 timestamp; }

TransactionStruct[] transactions; TransactionStruct[] minted; In the preceding code, we have a sales event that emits data from any transaction that occurs on the smart contract, whether it is on minting or NFT transfer. We designed a transaction structure to collect data about minted or transferred NFTs. Using the transaction structure we defined, we created two variables called and . transactions minted Initializing the constructor constructor( string memory _name, string memory _symbol, uint256 _royalityFee, address _artist ) ERC721(_name, _symbol) { royalityFee = _royalityFee; artist = _artist; } The constructor takes in four parameters for initializing the smart contract. A token name, symbol, an artist account, and a royalty fee per transaction. The token name and symbol are then passed into the smart contract during deployment. ERC721 The mint function algorithm function payToMint( string memory title, string memory description, string memory metadataURI, uint256 salesPrice ) external payable { require(msg.value >= cost, "Ether too low for minting!"); require(existingURIs[metadataURI] == 0, "This NFT is already minted!"); require(msg.sender != owner(), "Sales not allowed!");

uint256 royality = (msg.value * royalityFee) / 100; payTo(artist, royality); payTo(owner(), (msg.value - royality));

supply++;

minted.push( TransactionStruct( supply, msg.sender, salesPrice, title, description, metadataURI, block.timestamp ) );

emit Sale( supply, msg.sender, msg.value, metadataURI, block.timestamp );

_safeMint(msg.sender, supply); existingURIs[metadataURI] = 1; holderOf[supply] = msg.sender; } The above function is responsible for minting new tokens on the smart contract. The caller of this method must provide four parameters which include; an NFT title, description, metadata URI, and the selling price of the NFT after minting. Validations are carried out to ensure that the NFT is minting and are done accordingly with payments made for each minting. Also, the validation ensures that each artwork is uniquely linked with a token, and no other token bears the same artwork. Lastly for the validation, we made sure that the caller of this method is not the deployer of the smart contract, this is to ensure we don’t mix up things too bad. Next in the function is the payment sharing rule. The royalty percentage goes to the artist and the rest of the ethers goes to the owner. Afterward, we recorded that NFT inside the minted array and emitted a sales event. Lastly, we minted the NFT while recording the caller’s address as the owner of the token. The NFT transfer function algorithm function payToBuy(uint256 id) external payable { require(msg.value >= minted[id - 1].cost, "Ether too low for purchase!"); require(msg.sender != minted[id - 1].owner, "Operation Not Allowed!");

uint256 royality = (msg.value * royalityFee) / 100; payTo(artist, royality); payTo(minted[id - 1].owner, (msg.value - royality));

totalTx++;

transactions.push( TransactionStruct( totalTx, msg.sender, msg.value, minted[id - 1].title, minted[id - 1].description, minted[id - 1].metadataURI, block.timestamp ) );

emit Sale( totalTx, msg.sender, msg.value, minted[id - 1].metadataURI, block.timestamp );

minted[id - 1].owner = msg.sender; } The above function takes an NFT id and makes a purchase of the NFT according to the set price by the minter (owner). Necessary validations are done to obstruct owners from buying their NFTs and others from buying with zero ethers. Next, a royalty fee is sent to the artist account and the current owner of the NFT gets to keep the rest. Each token transfer is recorded in a transactions array to keep track of all transactions done on the platform. Afterward, a sales event is again emitted for this purchase to enrich the logged data on the EVM. Other Essential functions // changes the price of an NFT function changePrice(uint256 id, uint256 newPrice) external returns (bool) { require(newPrice > 0 ether, "Ether too low!"); require(msg.sender == minted[id - 1].owner, "Operation Not Allowed!");

minted[id - 1].cost = newPrice; return true; }

// sends ethers to a specific account function payTo(address to, uint256 amount) internal { (bool success, ) = payable(to).call{value: amount}(""); require(success); }

// returns all minted NFTs function getAllNFTs() external view returns (TransactionStruct[] memory) { return minted; }

// returns a specific NFT by token id function getNFT(uint256 id) external view returns (TransactionStruct memory) { return minted[id - 1]; }

// returns all transactions function getAllTransactions() external view returns (TransactionStruct[] memory) { return transactions; } And there you have it for developing the smart contract, we will next dive into building the UI components with ReactJs. Configuring the Deployment Script One more thing to do with the smart contract is to configure the deployment script. On the project head to the folder >> and update it with the code snippet below. migrations 2_deploy_contracts.js const TimelessNFT = artifacts.require('TimelessNFT')

module.exports = async (deployer) => { const accounts = await web3.eth.getAccounts() await deployer.deploy( TimelessNFT, 'Timeless NFTs', 'TNT', 10, accounts[1] ) } Superb, we just finished the smart contract for our application; now it's time to get started on the DApp interface. If you need a private tutor to help you learn smart contract development, . book your classes with me Developing the Frontend The front end is made up of numerous components and parts. All of the components, views, and peripherals will be created by us. Header Component This component was created with tailwind CSS and uses the pink button to access the Metamask wallet. The codes below demonstrate the programming. Connect Wallet import { useGlobalState } from '../store' import timelessLogo from '../assets/timeless.png' import { connectWallet } from '../TimelessNFT'

const Header = () => { const [connectedAccount] = useGlobalState('connectedAccount')

return (

Market Artist Features Community

{!connectedAccount ? ( Connect Wallet ) : ( <> )} ) }

export default Header Hero Component This component is responsible for displaying the connected wallet and also for launching the modal used for creating a new NFT. Additionally, it is responsible for signing in or up users for one-on-one chats with a seller of an NFT. Here is the code responsible for these actions. import Identicon from 'react-identicons' import { setGlobalState, useGlobalState, truncate } from '../store' import { getConversations, loginWithCometChat, signUpWithCometChat } from '../CometChat' import ChatList from './ChatList' import { useState } from 'react'

const Hero = () => { const [connectedAccount] = useGlobalState('connectedAccount') const [currentUser] = useGlobalState('currentUser') const [recentOpened] = useGlobalState('recentOpened') const [conversations, setConversations] = useState([])

const onCreatedNFT = () => { if (currentUser?.uid.toLowerCase() != connectedAccount.toLowerCase()) return alert('Please login to receive chats from buyers!')

setGlobalState('modal', 'scale-100') }

const onLunchRecent = () => { getConversations().then((convs) => { setConversations(convs) setGlobalState('recentOpened', true) }) }

return ( Buy and Sell Digital Arts, NFTs Collections Mint and collect the hottest NFTs around.

{connectedAccount ? ( <> Create NFT <> {currentUser?.uid.toLowerCase() == connectedAccount.toLowerCase() ? ( Recent Chats ) : ( <> loginWithCometChat(connectedAccount)} > Login for Chat signUpWithCometChat(connectedAccount, connectedAccount)} > Signup for Chat )} ) : null}

1231k

User 152k

Artwork 200k

Artist

{connectedAccount ? truncate(connectedAccount, 4, 4, 11) : 'Connect Your Wallet'}

@you

{recentOpened ? : null} ) }

export default Hero Artworks component This component is responsible for rendering the list of NFTs minted on the platform using the beautifully crafted tailwind CSS cards. Each card has an NFT image, title, description, price, and owner. See the codes below for its implementation. import { useEffect, useState } from 'react' import { setGlobalState, useGlobalState, truncate } from '../store'

const Artworks = () => { const [nfts] = useGlobalState('nfts') const [end, setEnd] = useState(4) const [count] = useState(4) const [collection, setCollection] = useState([])

const setNFT = (nft) => { setGlobalState('nft', nft) setGlobalState('showModal', 'scale-100') }

const getCollection = () => { return nfts.slice(0, end) }

useEffect(() => { setCollection(getCollection()) }, [nfts, end])

return ( {collection.length > 0 ? 'Latest Artworks' : 'No Artworks Yet'}

{collection.map((nft) => ( {nft.title} {truncate(nft.description)}

Current Price {nft.cost} ETH

setNFT(nft)} className="shadow-lg shadow-black text-white text-sm bg-[#e32970] hover:bg-[#bd255f] cursor-pointer rounded-full px-1.5 py-1" > View Details ))}

{collection.length > 0 && nfts.length > collection.length ? ( setEnd(end + count)} > Load More ) : null} ) }

export default Artworks Transactions Component This component is responsible for rendering all the transactions that took place in our smart contract. A transaction for example would be Alison purchasing an NFT from Duke. This purchase will be captured in this component as a transaction. See the snippet below. import { useEffect, useState } from 'react' import { BiTransfer } from 'react-icons/bi' import { MdOpenInNew } from 'react-icons/md' import { useGlobalState, truncate } from '../store'

const Transactions = () => { const [transactions] = useGlobalState('transactions') const [end, setEnd] = useState(3) const [count] = useState(3) const [collection, setCollection] = useState([])

const getCollection = () => { return transactions.slice(0, end) }

useEffect(() => { setCollection(getCollection()) }, [transactions, end])

return ( {collection.length > 0 ? 'Latest Transactions' : 'No Transaction Yet'}

{collection .map((tx) => (

{tx.title} Transfered Received by {truncate(tx.owner, 4, 4, 11)}

{tx.cost}ETH

))}

{collection.length > 0 && transactions.length > collection.length ? ( setEnd(end + count)} > Load More ) : null} ) }

export default Transactions Footer Component This component simply displays some beautiful links at the bottom of the page, it doesn’t do much when it comes to functionalities but complements the user interface. Its codes are written below. import timelessLogo from '../assets/timeless.png'

const Footer = () => (

Market

Artist

Features

Community

)

export default Footer Fantastic, that is it for the obvious components, let’s include the hidden components that are only invoked via a modal interface. CreateNFT Component This component is saddled with the duty of minting new NFTs by supplying an image, title, price, and description. Once the button is clicked, the image is uploaded to IPFS (Inter Planetary File System) and an image URL is returned. Mint Now The returned image URL along with the NFT data supplied in the form is sent to our smart contract for minting, immediately after the user authorizes the transaction with their Metamask wallet. On completion of the transaction, the NFT is then listed among the artworks, and interested buyers can then purchase them and even change their prices. See the code below for details. import { useGlobalState, setGlobalState, setLoadingMsg, setAlert, } from '../store' import { mintNFT } from '../TimelessNFT' import { useState } from 'react' import { FaTimes } from 'react-icons/fa' import { create } from 'ipfs-http-client'

const client = create('https://ipfs.infura.io:5001/api/v0')

const CreateNFT = () => { const [modal] = useGlobalState('modal') const [title, setTitle] = useState('') const [price, setPrice] = useState('') const [description, setDescription] = useState('') const [fileUrl, setFileUrl] = useState('') const [imgBase64, setImgBase64] = useState(null)

const onChange = async (e) => { const reader = new FileReader() if (e.target.files[0]) reader.readAsDataURL(e.target.files[0])

reader.onload = (readerEvent) => { const file = readerEvent.target.result setImgBase64(file) setFileUrl(e.target.files[0]) } }

const handleSubmit = async (e) => { e.preventDefault()

if (!title || !price || !description) return

setGlobalState('modal', 'scale-0') setGlobalState('loading', { show: true, msg: 'Uploading IPFS data...' })

try { const created = await client.add(fileUrl) const metadataURI = `https://ipfs.infura.io/ipfs/${created.path}` const nft = { title, price, description, metadataURI } setLoadingMsg('Intializing transaction...')

mintNFT(nft).then((res) => { if (res) { setFileUrl(metadataURI) resetForm() setAlert('Minting completed...', 'green') window.location.reload() } }) } catch (error) { console.log('Error uploading file: ', error) setAlert('Minting failed...', 'red') } }

const closeModal = () => { setGlobalState('modal', 'scale-0') resetForm() }

const resetForm = () => { setFileUrl('') setImgBase64(null) setTitle('') setPrice('') setDescription('') }

return ( Add NFT

Choose profile photo <input type="file" accept="image/png, image/gif, image/jpeg, image/webp" className="block w-full text-sm text-slate-500 file:mr-4 file:py-2 file:px-4 file:rounded-full file:border-0 file:text-sm file:font-semibold file:bg-[#19212c] file:text-gray-400 hover:file:bg-[#1d2631] cursor-pointer focus:ring-0 focus:outline-none" onChange={onChange} required />

setTitle(e.target.value)} value={title} required />

setPrice(e.target.value)} value={price} required />

setDescription(e.target.value)} value={description} required >

<button type="submit" onClick={handleSubmit} className="flex flex-row justify-center items-center w-full text-white text-md bg-[#e32970] hover:bg-[#bd255f] py-2 px-5 rounded-full drop-shadow-xl border border-transparent hover:bg-transparent hover:text-[#e32970] hover:border hover:border-[#bd255f] focus:outline-none focus:ring mt-5" > Mint Now ) }

export default CreateNFT ShowNFT Component This component displays more information about a specific NFT, offering the owner a button to change the price, and the buyer a button to either purchase the NFT or chat with the seller. See the code below for more details. import Chat from './Chat' import Identicon from 'react-identicons' import { FaTimes } from 'react-icons/fa' import { buyNFT } from '../TimelessNFT' import { useGlobalState, setGlobalState, truncate, setAlert } from '../store' import { useState } from 'react' import { getMessages } from '../CometChat'

const ShowNFT = () => { const [showModal] = useGlobalState('showModal') const [chatOpened] = useGlobalState('chatOpened') const [currentUser] = useGlobalState('currentUser') const [connectedAccount] = useGlobalState('connectedAccount') const [nft] = useGlobalState('nft') const [messages, setMessages] = useState([])

const onChangePrice = () => { setGlobalState('nft', nft) setGlobalState('showModal', 'scale-0') setGlobalState('updateModal', 'scale-100') }

const onChatSeller = () => { if (currentUser?.uid.toLowerCase() != connectedAccount.toLowerCase()) return alert('Please login to receive chats from buyers!')

getMessages(nft.owner).then((msgs) => { setMessages( msgs.filter((msg) => { return ( !!!msg?.deletedAt && !!!msg?.action && (msg?.conversationId == `${msg?.rawMessage.receiver}_user_${msg?.rawMessage.sender}` || msg?.conversationId == `${msg?.rawMessage.sender}_user_${msg?.rawMessage.receiver}`) ) }) ) setGlobalState('nft', nft) setGlobalState('chatOpened', true) }) }

const handleNFTPurchase = () => { setGlobalState('showModal', 'scale-0') setGlobalState('loading', { show: true, msg: 'Initializing NFT transfer...', })

try { buyNFT(nft).then((res) => { if (res) { setAlert('Transfer completed...', 'green') window.location.reload() } }) } catch (error) { console.log('Error transfering NFT: ', error) setAlert('Purchase failed...', 'red') } }

return ( {chatOpened ? ( ) : ( Buy NFT

setGlobalState('showModal', 'scale-0')} className="border-0 bg-transparent focus:outline-none" >

{nft?.title} {nft?.description}

@owner {nft?.owner ? truncate(nft.owner, 4, 4, 11) : '...'}

Current Price {nft?.cost} ETH

{connectedAccount != nft?.owner ? ( <button className="flex flex-row justify-center items-center w-full text-white text-md bg-[#e32970] hover:bg-[#bd255f] py-2 px-5 rounded-full drop-shadow-xl border border-transparent hover:bg-transparent hover:text-[#e32970] hover:border hover:border-[#bd255f] focus:outline-none focus:ring mt-5" onClick={handleNFTPurchase} > Purchase Now <button className="flex flex-row justify-center items-center w-full text-white text-md bg-transparent py-2 px-5 rounded-full drop-shadow-xl border border-transparent hover:bg-transparent hover:text-[#e32970] focus:outline-none focus:ring mt-5" onClick={onChatSeller} > Chat with Seller ) : ( <button className="flex flex-row justify-center items-center w-full text-white text-md bg-[#e32970] hover:bg-[#bd255f] py-2 px-5 rounded-full drop-shadow-xl border border-transparent hover:bg-transparent hover:text-[#e32970] hover:border hover:border-[#bd255f] focus:outline-none focus:ring mt-5" onClick={onChangePrice} > Change Price )} )} ) }

export default ShowNFT UpdateNFT Component This component is tasked with changing the price of the NFT. This action can only be performed by the owner of the NFT. While this option is available, it will take some gas fee to effect these changes. Once an NFT exchanges a hand with another buyer, the new owner might decide to increase the price, and that’s why this option was made available. See the code snippet below. import { useGlobalState, setGlobalState, setLoadingMsg, setAlert, } from '../store' import { updateNFT } from '../TimelessNFT' import { useState } from 'react' import { FaTimes } from 'react-icons/fa'

const UpdateNFT = () => { const [modal] = useGlobalState('updateModal') const [nft] = useGlobalState('nft') const [price, setPrice] = useState('')

const handleSubmit = async (e) => { e.preventDefault() if (!price || price <= 0) return

setGlobalState('modal', 'scale-0') setGlobalState('loading', { show: true, msg: 'Initiating price update...' })

try { setLoadingMsg('Price updating...') setGlobalState('updateModal', 'scale-0')

updateNFT({...nft, cost: price}).then((res) => { if (res) { setAlert('Price updated...', 'green') window.location.reload() } }) } catch (error) { console.log('Error updating file: ', error) setAlert('Update failed...', 'red') } }

return ( {nft?.title}

setGlobalState('updateModal', 'scale-0')} className="border-0 bg-transparent focus:outline-none" >

setPrice(e.target.value)} required />

<button type="submit" onClick={handleSubmit} className="flex flex-row justify-center items-center w-full text-white text-md bg-[#e32970] hover:bg-[#bd255f] py-2 px-5 rounded-full drop-shadow-xl border border-transparent hover:bg-transparent hover:text-[#e32970] hover:border hover:border-[#bd255f] focus:outline-none focus:ring mt-5" > Update Now ) }

export default UpdateNFT ChatList Component This component reveals the recent chats a user has made with a seller or buyer on the platform. The component also captures the last message that was sent in their conversation. A click on each conversation will lead to the chat interface. See the code below. import Chat from './Chat' import Moment from 'react-moment' import { useState } from 'react' import { FaTimes } from 'react-icons/fa' import { setGlobalState, truncate, useGlobalState } from '../store' import { getMessages } from '../CometChat'

const ChatList = ({ users }) => { const [messages, setMessages] = useState([]) const [receiver, setReceiver] = useState('') const [recentChatOpened] = useGlobalState('recentChatOpened') const [connectedAccount] = useGlobalState('connectedAccount')

const onEnterChat = (receiver) => { setReceiver(receiver) getMessages(receiver).then((msgs) => { setMessages( msgs.filter((msg) => { return ( !!!msg?.deletedAt && !!!msg?.action && msg?.conversationId == `${msg?.rawMessage.receiver}_user_${msg?.rawMessage.sender}` ) }) ) setGlobalState('recentChatOpened', true) }) }

return ( {recentChatOpened ? ( ) : ( Conversations

setGlobalState('recentOpened', false)} className="border-0 bg-transparent focus:outline-none" >

{users.map((user, i) => ( onEnterChat(user?.lastMessage.sender.uid)} > @{truncate(user?.lastMessage.sender.uid, 4, 4, 11)} {user?.lastMessage.text}

))} )} ) }

export default ChatList Chat Component This component is responsible for engaging two users in a one-on-one chat. The image above shows a conversation between a buyer and a seller on the platform, from two different browsers. See the code below for its implementation. import Identicon from 'react-identicons' import { useGlobalState, setGlobalState, truncate } from '../store' import { sendMessage, CometChat } from '../CometChat' import { useEffect, useState } from 'react' import { FaTimes } from 'react-icons/fa'

const Chat = ({ receiver, chats }) => { const [connectedAccount] = useGlobalState('connectedAccount') const [message, setMessage] = useState('') const [messages, setMessages] = useState(chats)

const handleSubmit = async (e) => { e.preventDefault() sendMessage(receiver, message).then((msg) => { setMessages((prevState) => [...prevState, msg]) setMessage('') scrollToEnd() }) }

const listenForMessage = (listenerID) => { CometChat.addMessageListener( listenerID, new CometChat.MessageListener({ onTextMessageReceived: (message) => { setMessages((prevState) => [...prevState, message]) scrollToEnd() }, }) ) }

const onClose = () => { setGlobalState('chatOpened', false) setGlobalState('recentChatOpened', false) }

const scrollToEnd = () => { const element = document.getElementById('messages-container') element.scrollTop = element.scrollHeight }

useEffect(() => { listenForMessage(receiver) }, [receiver])

return ( @{receiver ? truncate(receiver, 4, 4, 11) : '...'}

{messages.map((msg, i) => msg?.receiverId?.toLowerCase() == connectedAccount.toLowerCase() ? ( @{receiver ? truncate(receiver, 4, 4, 11) : '...'} {msg.text}

) : ( @you {msg.text}

) )} setMessage(e.target.value)} value={message} required /> ) }

export default Chat Nice, now that we’ve included those fantastic components, let's finish it up with these last two. Loading Component This component simply displays the current activity and status when a transaction is in process. See the code below. import { useGlobalState } from '../store'

const Loading = () => { const [loading] = useGlobalState('loading')

return ( Processing...

{loading.msg} ) }

export default Loading This file bundles up the above component discussed in this work. This is just how a ReactJs architecture works. See the codes below. The App Component import Alert from './components/Alert' import Artworks from './components/Artworks' import CreateNFT from './components/CreateNFT' import Footer from './components/Footer' import Header from './components/Header' import Hero from './components/Hero' import Loading from './components/Loading' import ShowNFT from './components/ShowNFT' import Transactions from './components/Transactions' import UpdateNFT from './components/UpdateNFT' import { isUserLoggedIn } from './CometChat' import { loadWeb3 } from './TimelessNFT' import { useEffect } from 'react'

const App = () => { useEffect(() => { loadWeb3() isUserLoggedIn() }, [])

return ( ) }

export default App Fantastic, we’ve just completed the integration of the various components, let’s seal it up with the other parts of this project. Other Essential Files This application utilizes a state management store, a CometChat SDK, and a contract service file. Let’s take a look at them one after the other. This state management file uses the npm package. It is simple, fast, and easier than Redux. All the global variables and functions used in this app were created in this store. The Store react-hooks-global-state At the root of the project, go to the directory and create a folder named . Now, within this store folder, create a file called and paste the codes below inside of it. src store index.js import { createGlobalState } from 'react-hooks-global-state'

const { setGlobalState, useGlobalState, getGlobalState } = createGlobalState({ modal: 'scale-0', updateModal: 'scale-0', mintModal: '', alert: { show: false, msg: '', color: '' }, loading: { show: false, msg: '' }, showModal: 'scale-0', chatOpened: false, recentChatOpened: false, recentOpened: false, chatList: 'scale-0', connectedAccount: '', currentUser: null, nft: null, nfts: [], transactions: [], contract: null, })

const setAlert = (msg, color = 'green') => { setGlobalState('loading', false) setGlobalState('alert', { show: true, msg, color }) setTimeout(() => { setGlobalState('alert', { show: false, msg: '', color }) }, 6000) }

const setLoadingMsg = (msg) => { const loading = getGlobalState('loading') setGlobalState('loading', { ...loading, msg }) }

const truncate = (text, startChars, endChars, maxLength) => { if (text.length > maxLength) { var start = text.substring(0, startChars) var end = text.substring(text.length - endChars, text.length) while (start.length + end.length < maxLength) { start = start + '.' } return start + end } return text }

export { useGlobalState, setGlobalState, getGlobalState, setAlert, setLoadingMsg, truncate, } This file contains all the essential functions to communicate with the CometChat SDK. See the codes below. The CometChat Service import { CometChat } from '@cometchat-pro/chat' import { setGlobalState } from './store'

const CONSTANTS = { APP_ID: process.env.REACT_APP_COMET_CHAT_APP_ID, REGION: process.env.REACT_APP_COMET_CHAT_REGION, Auth_Key: process.env.REACT_APP_COMET_CHAT_AUTH_KEY, }

const initCometChat = async () => { const appID = CONSTANTS.APP_ID const region = CONSTANTS.REGION

const appSetting = new CometChat.AppSettingsBuilder() .subscribePresenceForAllUsers() .setRegion(region) .build()

await CometChat.init(appID, appSetting) .then(() => console.log('Initialization completed successfully')) .catch((error) => error) }

const loginWithCometChat = async (UID) => { const authKey = CONSTANTS.Auth_Key await CometChat.login(UID, authKey) .then((user) => setGlobalState('currentUser', user)) .catch((error) => { alert(error.message) console.log(error) }) return true }

const signUpWithCometChat = async (UID, name) => { let authKey = CONSTANTS.Auth_Key const user = new CometChat.User(UID) user.setName(name)

await CometChat.createUser(user, authKey) .then((user) => { alert('Signed up successfully, click login now!') console.log('Logged In: ', user) }) .catch((error) => { alert(error.message) console.log(error) }) return true }

const logOutWithCometChat = async () => { return await CometChat.logout() .then(() => console.log('Logged Out Successfully')) .catch((error) => error) }

const isUserLoggedIn = async () => { await CometChat.getLoggedinUser() .then((user) => setGlobalState('currentUser', user)) .catch((error) => console.log('error:', error)) }

const getMessages = async (UID) => { const limit = 30 const messagesRequest = new CometChat.MessagesRequestBuilder() .setUID(UID) .setLimit(limit) .build()

return await messagesRequest .fetchPrevious() .then((messages) => messages) .catch((error) => error) }

const sendMessage = async (receiverID, messageText) => { const receiverType = CometChat.RECEIVER_TYPE.USER const textMessage = new CometChat.TextMessage( receiverID, messageText, receiverType )

return await CometChat.sendMessage(textMessage) .then((message) => message) .catch((error) => error) }

const getConversations = async () => { const limit = 30 const conversationsRequest = new CometChat.ConversationsRequestBuilder() .setLimit(limit) .build()

return await conversationsRequest .fetchNext() .then((conversationList) => conversationList) }

export { initCometChat, loginWithCometChat, signUpWithCometChat, logOutWithCometChat, getMessages, sendMessage, getConversations, isUserLoggedIn, CometChat, } This file contains all the functions and procedures responsible for interacting with the smart contract on the blockchain using the Web3 library. See the codes below. The Contract Service File import Web3 from 'web3' import { setGlobalState, getGlobalState, setAlert } from './store' import TimelessNFT from './abis/TimelessNFT.json'

const { ethereum } = window

const connectWallet = async () => { try { if (!ethereum) return alert('Please install Metamask') const accounts = await ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_requestAccounts' }) setGlobalState('connectedAccount', accounts[0]) } catch (error) { setAlert(JSON.stringify(error), 'red') } }

const structuredNfts = (nfts) => { return nfts .map((nft) => ({ id: Number(nft.id), owner: nft.owner, cost: window.web3.utils.fromWei(nft.cost), title: nft.title, description: nft.description, metadataURI: nft.metadataURI, timestamp: nft.timestamp, })) .reverse() }

const loadWeb3 = async () => { try { if (!ethereum) return alert('Please install Metamask')

window.web3 = new Web3(ethereum)

window.web3 = new Web3(window.web3.currentProvider)

const web3 = window.web3 const accounts = await web3.eth.getAccounts() setGlobalState('connectedAccount', accounts[0])

const networkId = await web3.eth.net.getId() const networkData = TimelessNFT.networks[networkId]

if (networkData) { const contract = new web3.eth.Contract( TimelessNFT.abi, networkData.address ) const nfts = await contract.methods.getAllNFTs().call() const transactions = await contract.methods.getAllTransactions().call()

setGlobalState('nfts', structuredNfts(nfts)) setGlobalState('transactions', structuredNfts(transactions)) setGlobalState('contract', contract) } else { window.alert('TimelessNFT contract not deployed to detected network.') } } catch (error) { alert('Please connect your metamask wallet!') } }

const mintNFT = async ({ title, description, metadataURI, price }) => { try { price = window.web3.utils.toWei(price.toString(), 'ether') const contract = getGlobalState('contract') const account = getGlobalState('connectedAccount') const mintPrice = window.web3.utils.toWei('0.01', 'ether')

await contract.methods .payToMint(title, description, metadataURI, price) .send({ from: account, value: mintPrice })

return true } catch (error) { setAlert(error.message, 'red') } }

const buyNFT = async ({ id, cost }) => { try { cost = window.web3.utils.toWei(cost.toString(), 'ether') const contract = getGlobalState('contract') const buyer = getGlobalState('connectedAccount')

await contract.methods.payToBuy(Number(id)).send({ from: buyer, value: cost })

return true } catch (error) { setAlert(error.message, 'red') } }

const updateNFT = async ({ id, cost }) => { try { cost = window.web3.utils.toWei(cost.toString(), 'ether') const contract = getGlobalState('contract') const buyer = getGlobalState('connectedAccount')

await contract.methods.changePrice(Number(id), cost).send({ from: buyer })

return true } catch (error) { setAlert(error.message, 'red') } }

export { loadWeb3, connectWallet, mintNFT, buyNFT, updateNFT } and include it inside the assets folder in your root directory. And with that, you’ve successfully included all that is needed to run this application. Project Assets Download this logo Starting up the server To proceed with this step, migrate the smart contract to the Web so you can interact with it. Run the following code on your terminal. truffle migrate --network rinkeby The above code will ship your smart contract to the server using the Infura RPC. You can also set up a local blockchain using the ganache-cli server we set up at the beginning of this tutorial. Simply run the code below to ship it to your local blockchain server if you prefer that way. Open one terminal run and on a different terminal run or . **ganache-cli -d** **truffle migrate** **truffle deploy** Note, if you are using as your EVM, you must also add the localhost server to Metamask, and import the private keys generated by ganache. . ganache-cli See Starting Up the Development Environment for guidance If you need my help resolving issues on your project, . consult me on this page Now, run to boot up your react application. And there you have it with this build on the NFT marketplace. yarn start . Watch my FREE web3 tutorials on Youtube now Conclusion We’ve come to the finish line of this NFT build, I know you’ve gotten a ton of value building along with me. Whatever level you are, if you want to grow faster in your web3 development skills, . get into my private class Till next time, keep crushing it! About the Author Gospel Darlington is a full-stack blockchain developer with years of experience in the software development industry. 6+ By combining Software Development, writing, and teaching, he demonstrates how to build decentralized applications on EVM-compatible blockchain networks. His stacks include , , , , , , , , and more. JavaScript React Vue Angular Node React Native NextJs Solidity For more information about him, kindly visit and follow his page on , , , or on his . Twitter GitHub LinkedIn website

How to Build a Profitable NFT Marketplace with React, Solidity, and CometChat

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