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In the last article, we discussed what a CPU was, and explained the concept of computing abstraction layers, and Instruction Set Architectures. Today we will delve into what the microarchitecture of the CPU is made up of. The CPU operates on the four-step cycle: Fetch, Decode, Execute and Write back steps. A modern microprocessor has about 15-20 stages, collectively these are called the frontend of the microprocessor. Modern CPUs can run up to 5GHz, the amount of logic in these stages determines how fast the stages or clock can operate.
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