
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ababhexeli: 
 
 
 
 
 Xiaolan Zhou Yasuyuki Sawada Matthew Shum Elaine S. Tan Isishweshwe Impembelelo yeeplathifomu zedijithali ekusebenziseni iinjongo zokuPhuhlisa eziZinzileyo zeZizwe eziManyeneyo (UN SDGs), ngakumbi ishishini elizinzileyo lee-micro, amancinci namashishini aphakathi (MSMEs), phantsi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthintela ngexesha nasemva kobhubhane we-COVID-19 azikafundwa ngokweenkcukacha. Sisebenzise idatha eneenkcukacha zolawulo evela kwiplathifomu yokuhambisa ukutya ka-Alibaba Group, sifumanise ukuba iplathifomu yedijithali iqhubela phambili ukhuseleko lokutya, impilo-ntle, umsebenzi kunye nokuzinza kweshishini kwee-MSMEs ngexesha nasemva kobhubhane. Sityhile iimpendulo ezahlukeneyo zabathengisi kwingozi ye-COVID-19 ngexesha nasemva kokusetyenziswa kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthintela e-China. Kwimargarine yokwandisa, ixesha lokuvalwa ngokupheleleyo lashiya iimfologo ezihlala ixesha elide kubathengisi abakwi-intanethi ngokunciphisa inani labangenayo, ngakumbi kwishishini lokutya okuphekiweyo. Ngokuchaseneyo, kwimargarine yokugxila, iivenkile ezithengisa iintlobo ezininzi, ngakumbi ezo zinamanethiwekhi amakhulu okanye iivenkile ze-multi-app, zabonisa ukomelela kunezo zazo ngexesha nasemva kokutshixwa. Ke ngoko, ukugxila (kwindawo yokuthengisa) kunye nokugubungela okubanzi (kwindawo yenethiwekhi) kwavela njengezinto eziphambili ezenza ishishini lizinzile phantsi kweemeko ezingezizo ezobuchwepheshe. Intshona Kwishumi elidlulileyo, uqoqosho lwehlabathi luphawulwe kukubuyiswa kwedijithali okungazange kwenzeke ngaphambili. Yeeplathifomu zedijithali aziguquleli kuphela iindlela esisebenzisana ngazo, sixakekise kwaye sithengise iimpahla kunye neenkonzo kodwa zikwanceda uqoqosho luphumelele kwiziganeko ezingalindelekanga. Ukwanda kwe-e-commerce kunye nokwanda kwedijithali koqoqosho kufezekiswe yi-COVID-19 pandemic yehlabathi jikelele (ADB  ,  ; Du et al.  ). Ngasekupheleni kukaJanuwari 2020, urhulumente wase-China wazisa iindlela ezintathu zokuthintela ezigqithisileyo kwizixeko ezahlukeneyo ukuthintela ukusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwesi sifo (Fang et al.  ; Qiu et al.  ), ezanciphisa kakhulu inqanaba lokudluliselwa kunye nokusasazeka kwe-COVID-19 (Alekseev et al.  ; Bartik et al.  ); yandisa impembelelo kwiindawo ezihlala kuzo i-micro, amancinci kunye namashishini aphakathi (MSMEs; Bartik et al.  ; Bloom et al.  ; Mathijs de et al.  ; Cong et al.  ; Dai et al.  ,  ; Guo et al.  ; Kong et al.  ; Wang et al.  ); kwaye yancedisa ukwenziwa kwedijithali kwee-MSMEs e-China. Nangona kunjalo, indima edlalwa yeeplathifomu zedijithali ekuxhaseni iinjongo zokuPhuhlisa eziZinzileyo zeZizwe eziManyeneyo (UN SDGs), impembelelo yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthintela kumazinzileyo oshishino lwabantu abakwi-intanethi kunye nokusebenza kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zoshishino kumazinzileyo okomelela kwama-MSMEs kusasele kufundwe kancinci. Ukugubungela esi sikhala kulwazi, olu hlolisiso lusebenzisa idatha eninzi yolawulo evela kwi-Ele.me yeQela lika-Alibaba e-China, eyinkonzo yokuhambisa ukutya kunye nezinye izinto ezithengiswayo kwi-intanethi; uninzi lweevenkile kwi-Ele.me zi-MSMEs. Eli phepha libonelela ngovavanyo olulinganisiweyo lweziphumo zeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthintela kuzo zonke iivenkile ezikhethiweyo kwi-Ele.me, kwiivenkile kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zemveliso (umzek., ukutya okuphekiweyo, ukutya okungaphekiyo, i-pharmacy) kunye neevenkile ezizodwa ngokulandelelana. Sixubusha ngendima yeplathifomu zokuhambisa ukutya kwidijithali ekufezekiseni ii-SDGs ngexesha nasemva kobhubhane kwaye emva koko siphakamise izimvo zopolisi kubenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nabathengisi. Olu hlolisiso lubonisa ukuba iplathifomu yokuhambisa ukutya kwidijithali ayiqhubelanga nje kuphela ukhuseleko lokutya, impilo-ntle, umsebenzi kunye nokuzinza kweshishini kwee-MSMEs ngexesha nasemva kobhubhane kodwa ikwasebenza ukuxhasa ii-SDGs. 2021a b 2022 2020 2020 2022 2020 2020 2020 2021 2022 2021a b 2022 2021 2020 Igalelo kolu hlolisiso zezi: Okokuqala, luxilonga uphuhliso oluzinzileyo (SD) kumava ama-MSMEs; olu gxininiso lubalulekile kumahlakulo-nkqubo we-SD yoqoqosho lwase-China kuba ipropotshi yabasebenzi abaqeshwe yi-MSMEs kuzo zonke iinkampani yayingama-79.4% ngo-2018 (NBS  ). Ngaphezu koko, i-SD ye-MSMEs ifanelekile kwi-SDG target 8.3. Idatha yolawulo esetyenzisiweyo apha, ehlala ingafumaneki, ibonelela ngamathuba awodwa okuxilonga ngokulinganayo nangokupheleleyo impembelelo yexesha elide yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthintela i-COVID-19 kumazinzileyo oshishino lwee-MSMEs kwaye ke, kwii-SD jikelele. Ngaphezu kwenani le-odolo okanye intengiso, eziqhele ukuxilongwa, sakha iiproxies zokwahluka kwemveliso kunye nezibonelelo zexabiso. Sisebenzisa iitrendi zexesha le-quadratic ukulandela ukungabonakali okunokubakho kweziphumo zopolisi, ngelixa zonke izifundo zangaphambili ziye zathatha izinto eziguquguqukayo zobuninzi zeendlela zokuthintela ukubala iziphumo zopolisi "zamkele kakhulu" (Raj et al.  ; Han et al.  ; Guo et al.  ). Okwesibini, uhlolisiso lwethu lufanelekile kwishishini lokutya kunye neshishini le-pharmacy, apho ukwenziwa kwedijithali kubonakala ngokusebenzisa abathengisi iiplathifomu zokuhambisa ezikwi-intanethi; iziphumo zinokukhanyisela indima yokwenziwa kwedijithali kukhuseleko lokutya kunye neengxaki zenkxaso-mpilo, ezinxulumene nee-SDG targets 2.c kunye 3.8, ngokulandelanayo. Idatha yethu eyodwa isivumela ukuba sifumane umendo omnye wokulinganisa ukwanda kwedijithali okubangelwa yi-COVID-19, oko kukuthi, inani lee-MSMEs kwishishini lokutya ezingene kwiiplathifomu zokuhambisa ukutya kwidijithali e-China, exhunyaniswe ne-SDG target 8.3. Nangona lo mendo unqunyelwe kwiphalatform enye, unokubonelela ngokuqonda ngempembelelo yeendlela zokuthintela kwidijithali. Isiphumo sethu kukuba ezi ngqungquthela zineziphumo ezahlukeneyo kwiindidi zemveliso ezahlukeneyo, ezahlukileyo xa kuthathwa ixesha elide, ngoko ke, ixesha lobhubhane alizange libe nobudlelwane obuthe ngqo kunye nokwenda kwedijithali, njengoko kuye kwathatyathwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthintela. Okwesithathu, sixilonga impembelelo yeendlela ezimbini zoshishino, oko kukuthi, iivenkile zokuthengisa kunye neevenkile ze-multi-app, kumazinzileyo okomelela kwama-MSMEs azinzileyo. Kwii-MSMEs ezingene kwiphalatform (oko kukuthi, zenziwe idijithali), sifumanisa ukuba iziphumo zeendlela zokuthintela ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwabathengisi. Iivenkile zokuthengisa zifunyenwe zenza kakuhle kunevenkile ezingadweliswanga, zibonisa ukuba nokuba zombini iintlobo zokuthengisa zenziwe idijithali, inethiwekhi enkulu yezixokelelwano zokuhambisa izisa inzuzo enkulu kwidijithali. Ngokufanayo, iivenkile ze-multi-app (ezibonisa inqanaba eliphezulu ledijithali kuneevenkile ezingenawo ii-app ezininzi) zifunyenwe zenza ngcono. 2019 2023 2022 2022 Okuseleyo kweli phepha kuqhubeka ngolu hlobo: Okokuqala, sibonelela ngohlolo lwezifundo olugxile ekujonganeni nee-UN SDGs ngeedijithali kunye neziphumo ze-COVID-19 kumazinzileyo kunye nokomelela kwama-MSMEs kwiziganeko zangaphandle. Okwesibini, sichaza izixhobo kunye neendlela ezisetyenzisiweyo, kubandakanya ukuvela kwe-COVID-19 e-China, idatha, izinto ezingezizo zemodeli, kunye neempendulo zovavanyo. Okwesithathu, sibonisa iziphumo zovavanyo kwiimpembelelo zeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthintela kunye neendlela ezimbini zoshishino. Okwesine, sifingqa iziphumo zethu kwaye sixoxe ngezimvo zabenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nabathengisi. Okwesihlanu kunye nokugqibela, sigqibezela ngeengcebiso zokufezekisa ii-SDGs ze-UN ngeepalatform zokuhambisa ukutya kwidijithali kunye nemingeni yolu hlolisiso kunye nohlolo lwexesha elizayo. Izifundo Ukujongana nee-UN SDGs ngeDiyijithali Ngo-2015, iNdibano Jikelele yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yamkela i-2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, eyazisa i-17 SDGs kunye neenjongo ezili-169 (UN  ,  ). Ukusetyenziswa kwe-SDGs kujongene neengxaki ezininzi, njengokwenza kummandla kunye nokudibanisa kulawulo. Ukwenda kwedijithali kuthathwa njengenye yezona ziphendukiso zithembisa kakhulu zokufezekisa ii-SDGs (Gouvea et al.  ; Sachs et al.  ; Seele kunye noLock  ; Walker et al.  ). Ukuphenduka kwedijithali kunye nokunxibelelana kunokunceda ukwenza ii-SDGs kummandla (ElMassah kunye noMohieldin  ; Reuter  ) kwaye kuphucule ulawulo ukufezekisa i-SD (Athey  ; Lowman  ). Ngokusasazeka kwedatha enkulu kunye nobuchwepheshe bolwazi kunye nonxibelelwano (ICT) kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi, ukwenda kwedijithali kuye kwanda kakhulu kwiimeko ezininzi, njengokusebenza ekhaya, imfundo ekwi-intanethi, impilo yedijithali (Novillo-Ortiz et al.  ; Asi kunye noWilliams  ), izixeko ezihlakaniphile (Jain et al.  ), iirobhotiki, kunye nokuncitshiswa kwe-emissions kunye nezinye izisombululo ezilungele indalo (He et al.  ), zonke ezibe negalelo ekufezekiseni ii-SDGs, ngakumbi ngexesha nasemva kwe-COVID-19 (Pan kunye noZhang  ; Zhao et al.  ). Nangona kunjalo, ubudlelwane phakathi kokwenda kwedijithali kunye nokuzinza kuhlala kungafani (Castro et al.  ; Vinuesa et al.  ). Ukwenda kwedijithali kunokubeka esichengeni amalungelo asemthethweni abantu kwimfihlo, kukhokelele ekusetyenzisweni kakubi kwedatha kunye nokugadwa kwezopolitiko (Seele kunye noLock  ), ukudegradation yendalo (Bekaroo et al.  ) kwaye kube neziphumo ezibi kwindalo esingqongileyo kunye nempilo (LaPointe  ). Ukwenda kwedijithali kunganciphisa ukungalingani kwemvuzo (Yin kunye noChoi  ); nangona kunjalo, nokuba ukwenda kwedijithali kunciphisa ukungalingani kuxhomekeke kwindlela ekwakhiwa ngayo (Asongu kunye noOdhiambo  ). Uninzi lwezifundo ezikhoyo ziye zathatha indlela yongxoxo-mpikiswano ukuxilonga impembelelo yokwenda kwedijithali ekufezekiseni ii-SDGs, ngelixa izifundo ezimbalwa ziye zathatha indlela yovavanyo. Uninzi lwezifundo zovavanyo malunga nee-SDGs zixilonga i-SDG index (SDGI) kwinqanaba lelizwe (Zhao et al.  ). Ngokwazi kwethu, akukho sifundo sikhoyo sixhomekeke kwindlela apho iiphalatform zokuhambisa ukutya kwidijithali ziye zanxusa ukufikelela kwii-SDGs ngexesha nasemva kobhubhane. 2015a b 2018 2019 2017 2019 2020 2023 2017 2017 2018 2020 2023 2023 2020 2022 2021 2020 2017 2016 2018 2022 2019 2022 Impembelelo ye-COVID-19 kumazinzileyo kunye nokomelela kwama-MSMEs Ukomelela kubhekisa kubuchule boqoqosho bokufunxa izidubedube kwaye buhlolwe kwimeko yotshintsho loluntu-qoqosho. Ukuzinza luxhobo olubanzi kunokomelela kwaye luphawula injongo yexesha elide, eyindibaniselwano yokusebenza kwezentlalo, eyendalo, kunye noqoqosho enceda izizukulwana zangoku nezizayo (Geissdoerfer et al.  ; Ranjbar et al.  ; Elkington  ). Izidubedube zangaphandle, njengeentlekele zendalo, zihlala zisasazeka kwii-supply chain okanye amanethiwekhi abathengisi-abathengi eenkampani (Brummitt et al.  ; Inoue kunye noTodo  ; Carvalho et al.  ). Izifundo ezigxile kwi-COVID-19 impembelelo kumazinzileyo zingahlulwa kwimiba emithathu: ukusebenza kwendalo (Adelodun et al.  ; Amankwah-Amoah  ; Freire-González kunye noVivanco  ), ukusebenza kwezentlalo (Anholon et al.  ; Christoffel et al.  ; Sharma et al.  ; Ryan et al.  ; Iyengar  ), kunye nokusebenza koqoqosho (Pan kunye noZhang  ). Uninzi lwezifundo ziye zathatha indlela yenkxaso-mpikiswano kunokovavanyo. Nangona kunjalo, izifundo ezininzi malunga neziphumo zoqoqosho ze-COVID-19 kwi-MSMEs ziye zasekwa kwi-surveys okanye idatha yorhwebo kwiingxelo zemali (Bartik et al.  ; Bloom et al.  ; Mathijs de et al.  ; Cong et al.  ; Dai et al.  ,  ; Guo et al.  ; Kong et al.  ; Wang et al.  ), kwaye baye baxilonga imiba ebalulekileyo efana nomvuzo kunye neendleko zamashishini amancinci, izimvo zoshishino, ukuxela, ukuvalwa, ukungena, inani leenkampani, ukwenda kwedijithali, iingxaki zemali, kunye nemveliso engezizo yeenkampani. Nangona kunjalo, idatha eneenkcukacha yolawulo malunga nee-MSMEs ayifumaneki rhoqo kulolwazi okanye ibikade ibikwe kwinqanaba eliphantsi (umzek., inge-quarterly) kwi-surveys (Guo et al.  ; Kong et al.  ). Kwishishini lokutyela, abanye abaphandi baye baleka ngokungathanga ngqo utyelelo lokutyela okanye ukuqeshwa kwabasebenzi kwidatha yendawo yomnxeba, imbonakalo yephepha kunye neendawo zokubhukisha (Wang et al.  ; Glaeser et al.  ); iminye imisebenzi embalwa kuphela iye yasebenzisa iikhowunti zangempela zii-odolo ezivela kwiplathifomu ekwi-intanethi (Raj et al.  ). Ngaphezu koko, impembelelo ye-COVID-19 kwi-MSMEs iyahluka ngokucwangciswa kwendawo kunye neempawu zenkampani, njengenqanaba lemali elingingqi, nokuba irestyu yinkampani yorhwebo, nokuba irestyu ikwindawo ephakathi yedolophu, okanye nokuba ilizwe lineendlela ezahlukeneyo zezopolitiko (Wang et al.  ; Glaeser et al.  ). Ngokwazi kwethu, akukho sifundo sangaphambili siye sasebenzisa idatha eneenkcukacha yolawulo epheleleyo kwi-merchant-level ukuze kubalwe impembelelo y 2017 2021 1998 2017 2019 2021 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2021 2022 2021a b 2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2022 2021 2023 2022 2021

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