I-Evolution yeZiko leeNkcukacha zokuPholisa: Ukusuka kwiiNdlela eziSekwe kuMoya ukuya kwi-Free Cooling

Inkcazo yeNgxaki

Ukukhula okukhulayo kumaziko edatha kunye nokunyuka ngaxeshanye kokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ze-IT kukhokelele ekwandeni kokusetyenziswa kombane.

Ekubeni amaseva, amacandelo adibeneyo amaziko edatha, aguqula umbane ekushiseni ngelixa usebenza, sijongene nengxaki yokujongana namaqondo okushisa aphezulu kunye neendawo ezipholileyo zedatha kunye nezixhobo.

Masikhumbule ngokukhawuleza iziseko zefiziksi yesikolo: ngokulandela imigaqo esisiseko ye-thermodynamics, amandla awapheli kodwa aguqulwa. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba isikhungo sedatha sisebenzisa i-1 MW yombane - yonke le quantum yamandla iguqulwa ibe yixabiso elilinganayo lobushushu. Ngenxa yoko, okukhona umbane usetyenziswa, kokukhona umngeni omkhulu wokulawula ubushushu obubangelwayo kwiziko ledatha.

Imeko iba nzima ngakumbi, njengoko izixhobo ze-IT zinokuba namanqanaba ahlukeneyo okusebenzisa amandla ngelixa zinobukhulu obuhlukeneyo bomzimba. Umzekelo, izixhobo ezisebenzisa amandla aphezulu zinokuba nesayizi encinci, zibeke imiba ekupholiseni ngokufanelekileyo ubushushu obugxininisiweyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izixhobo ze-IT ezinkulu ezinomlinganiselo wokusetyenziswa kombane ophakathi kulula ukupholisa ngenxa yendawo yawo enkulu. Amaziko edatha ahlala edibanisa ubungakanani besixhobo kunye namanqanaba okusebenzisa, ebonisa umceli mngeni wokungapholisi kuphela izixhobo ze-IT ezahlukeneyo kodwa nokwenza oko ngesantya esahlukileyo, esilawulwa ziimfuno zobushushu zohlobo ngalunye lwesixhobo. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, ukupholisa i-DC sifuna izixa zombane ezininzi, nto leyo eyongeza kwiindleko zokusebenza.

Ingxaki yokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwamandla kumaziko edatha iba mbi kakhulu ngokunyuka kwamaxabiso ombane kwihlabathi jikelele. Ngoku ka Ingxelo ye-Statista Amaxabiso ombane ehlabathi anyukele phezulu ukuya kutsho kwelona xesha liphezulu phakathi kuka-2021 no-2022. Xa imeko yezempilo ye-COVID-19 yathomalalisa kwisiqingatha sesibini sika-2021, imfuno yamandla yonyuka, kwaye amaxabiso ombane abetha kwirekhodi yokuqala ephezulu. Ekuqaleni kuka-2022, imarike yamandla yaqina kwakhona kwaye ingxaki yamandla yaqina.

Ukusetyenziswa kombane kwiziko ledatha kuyakhula nangona ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle.

Ngamanye amazwi, nangona ukusebenza kwe-watt nganye kuphucuka, imfuno yemithombo yobutyebi ikhula ngokukhawuleza, ngoko ke usetyenziso lulonke ngokungathintelekiyo luyenyuka kunye neendleko. Nangona kunjalo, ukongiwa kweendleko ezinkulu kunokufezekiswa ngokwandisa iinkqubo zokupholisa. Oku kundenze ndafuna ukujonga nzulu kwiindlela zokupholisa ezisebenzayo ngokubanzi kunye nokupholisa okusimahla ngokukodwa.

Uvavanyo lwamanqanaba okusetyenziswa kwamandla kumaziko edatha ngokuqhelekileyo luxhomekeke kwi-Power Use Effectiveness (PUE) metric. I-PUE ilinganisa ukusebenza kakuhle kweziko ledatha ngokuvavanya ukusetyenziswa kwamandla apheleleyo ngokuchasene nalawo asetyenziselwa kuphela izixhobo ze-IT. Siza kuthetha ngayo ngokweenkcukacha ngakumbi kamva. Into ekufuneka siyazi ngoku kukuba i-PUE ephantsi ibonisa iziko ledatha elisebenza ngakumbi, elibonisa ukuxhomekeka okuncitshisiweyo kumandla angeyo-computing. Ekubhekaneni neziseko ezikhulayo kunye nokunyuka kokusetyenziswa kombane, ukulungelelanisa i-PUE kunye neenkqubo zokupholisa ezisebenzayo zibonelela ngobulumko bezemali kunye nemisebenzi ezinzileyo.

Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga iindlela zokupholisa zemveli kunye nezintsha kwaye sifumanise ukuba yeyiphi na enikezela ngobuchule obukhulu.

Iindlela zokupholisa amagqabantshintshi

Air kunye non-moya

Kuhlelo olulula, iindlela zokupholisa zingacalulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili: iindlela ezisekelwe emoyeni nezingezizo ezomoya. Ukucacisa, ukupholisa umoya kubandakanya iindlela eziqhelekileyo, ngelixa udidi olungelulo moya lubandakanya iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenzisa izinto ezifana namanzi, i-oyile, okanye izinto eziqinileyo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba uninzi oluninzi, olubandakanya i-99%, yeendlela zokupholisa ziwela phantsi kweambrela yokupholisa umoya.

Ii-Air Conditioners

Iinkqubo zokupholisa umoya zezona ndlela zixhaphakileyo zokupholisa umoya kwiiseti zamaziko edatha yobuchwephesha. Umthetho-siseko wabo osisiseko ubonisa i-air conditioner yendawo yokuhlala: umoya ohamba kwiiseva ujikeleziswa ngesipholisi-moya, upholiswe ngegrile yeradiyetha, emva koko ujikelezwe kwakhona kwiiseva. Le nkqubo ye-cyclical iqinisekisa indlela yokupholisa eqhubekayo.

Abapholisayo

Ukulandela izifudumezi zomoya, izikhenkcezisi zimela eyesibini inkqubo yokupholisa eyamkelwa ngokubanzi. Ngokungafaniyo nezipholile-moya, izikhenkcezisi zisebenzisa amanzi (okanye isicombululo esisekelwe emanzini) ukuhambisa ubushushu kude neendawo ezifuna ulawulo lwemozulu. Nangona i-air conditioning ilula kwaye ifikeleleka ngokubanzi, iindleko zayo eziphezulu zamandla ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba ngumqobo kumashishini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iinkqubo zamanzi abandayo zinamandla ngakumbi, kodwa zifuna amacandelo amaninzi kunye nobunzima ekufakeni nasekugcinweni kwazo.

Amagumbi e-Adiabatic kunye neeMats

Ukupholisa kwe-Adiabatic kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwamagumbi okanye iimethi apho amanzi athululelwa khona kwaye abe ngumphunga. Njengoko amanzi eba ngumphunga, amagumbi kunye neemethi ziyaphola kunye nomoya ongaphakathi. Ngelixa i-adiabatic cooling imele ukhetho lwesithathu olusebenzayo, ithathwa njengento engaqhelekanga kwaye ayiqhelekanga ukusetyenziswa kwindawo yokupholisa yedatha xa ithelekiswa nezilungisi zomoya kunye nezibandisi.

Ukupholisa Amanzi

Kwiinkqubo zokupholisa amanzi, amanzi okanye ulwelo olunamanzi lusetyenziselwa ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu. Imibhobho yamanzi ibekwe ngokucwangcisiweyo kumagumbi omncedisi, kunye nomncedisi ngamnye oqhagamshelwe kwimibhobho emibini - enye yeyokuphuma kwamanzi ashushu kunye nomnye ukungena kwamanzi abandayo. IiRadiators kwii-CPU, ii-GPU, kunye nezinye izixhobo zidityaniswe ngokuthe ngqo kule nkqubo yokubonelela ngamanzi. Le ndlela ayipholisi nje kuphela izixhobo zedatha yeziko kunye nezakhiwo kodwa ivelisa unikezelo lwamanzi afudumeleyo ukwenzela ukusetyenziswa okongeziweyo.

IziTshintshiso zoBubushushu

Le ndlela iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokupholisa ngokusebenzisa iindawo ezibandayo zangaphandle.

Xa umthombo obandayo okufuphi, njengechibi, ulwandle, okanye umhlaba obandayo, ufumaneka, imibhobho yamanzi inokufakwa kanye kuyo ukuze idlulise ubushushu obuninzi obuvela kwizixhobo ze-IT.

Exotics

Kukho neendlela ezingaqhelekanga. Enye yazo isekelwe kwizinto zePeltier okanye i-thermoelectric coolers (TECs). Le ndlela ixhomekeke kwimiphumo ye-semiconductor kwaye ibandakanya ukubonelela ngombane kwiplate ekhethekileyo efudunyezwa kwelinye icala kwaye ipholile kwelinye.

Enye indlela ye-avant-garde kukuthunyelwa kwamaziko edatha angaphantsi kwamanzi. Kwi Iprojekthi yeNatick yeMicrosoft , umzekelo, isikhungo sedatha sacwiliswa kwii-117 iinyawo ezinzulu kwi-Northern Isles entwasahlobo 2018. Kwiminyaka emibini elandelayo, iqela lenze uvavanyo olunzulu kunye nokubeka iliso kwiiseva zeziko ledatha. Kuye kwaqinisekiswa ukuba ukubeka isikhongozeli esitywiniweyo emgangathweni wolwandle kunokomeleza ukuthembeka kweziko ledatha lilonke ngokunciphisa imiba efana nomhlwa, ukuguquguquka kobushushu, kunye nokuphazamiseka komzimba okwenzeka emhlabeni.

Ukupholisa kwasimahla

Obu buchule bujolise ngokukodwa ekwandiseni impumelelo yokupholisa. Ukupholisa kwamahhala kuhlaziya umoya ngaphakathi kwiziko ledatha ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kwiinkqubo zokupholisa zendabuko. Isebenzisa umoya wangaphandle wendalo njengoko injalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo umoya wangaphandle uphantsi kolawulo lokufuma kwaye emva koko iinkqubo zendalo ze-thermodynamic zilawula amaqondo obushushu ngaphakathi kwamagumbi edatha.

Le ndlela inciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamandla (i-75% ukuya kwi-92% ngaphantsi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinkqubo ze-CRAH), inciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-carbon dioxide, kwaye iphelisa imfuno yamanzi kwinkqubo yokupholisa.

Ukupholisa kwasimahla yenye yezona zinto zikhethwayo ezifuna amandla amancinci. Ngaphandle koko, kunokunceda ukugcina iindleko njengoko i-40% yamandla asetyenziswa ngamaziko edatha aya ekupholiseni. Le nkqubo iphakamisa ukusebenza kwazo zonke izixhobo ezipholileyo emoyeni, nakwiimeko ezinzima. Nantsi imbonakalo elula yokumelwa kwenkqubo yokupholisa simahla:

Njengoko unokubona inkqubo isebenza ngendlela ethe ngqo, ihambisa umoya wangaphandle ngokusebenzisa izihluzi, izixhobo ze-IT, kunye nokuyikhupha. Oku kuncitshiswa kobunzima, kunye nabalandeli kuphela njengobuthathaka obunokwenzeka, bomeleza ukuthembeka okupheleleyo kwe-DC ekupholiseni simahla.

Ngokungafaniyo neenkqubo ezinezixhobo ezintsonkothileyo, ukungabikho kwamacandelo antsonkothileyo nako kunciphisa zombini iindleko zokuseta kunye neendleko eziqhubekayo zokulondoloza. Ngoko ke inzuzo yezemali iqala sele ikwinqanaba lokwakha, apho uyilo olulungelelanisiweyo lokupholisa kwamahhala luguqulela kulondolozo olubonakalayo.

Intlungu Yokukhetha

Ngexesha leenkomfa kunye neentlanganiso, ndihlala ndifumana imibuzo emininzi ejikeleza i-paradox: ukuba ukupholisa simahla kunenzuzo malunga nokongiwa kweendleko kunye nokulula, kutheni kungamkelwa kwihlabathi liphela kushishino?

Oku kuphakamisa umbuzo obanzi wokuba kutheni, ngaphandle kweenzuzo zayo, kuphela inani elilinganiselweyo leenkampani eziye zamkela ukupholisa kwamahhala, ngelixa ezinye ziqhubeka neendlela eziqhelekileyo. Impendulo kule nto isekuphononongweni oluneenkalo ezininzi zezinto ezikhoyo kushishino.

Ubuzwilakhe boShishino

Kwiziko ledatha yedatha, apho ukuthembeka kubaluleke kakhulu, ukwamkelwa kwezisombululo ezintsha zihlala zijongene nokuchasana. Ndibalela oku, okokuqala, kushishino lweDC, apho abathathi-zigqibo babeka phambili iikhonsepthi eziqinisekisiweyo kunezisombululo ezintsha.

Ngelixa iitekhnoloji ezintsha ezifana nokupholisa simahla zithembisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, abameli beshishini bangathanda ukukhetha iindlela zemveli kodwa ezithembekileyo zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokungenamthungo kweeseva.

Imiqobo yokuthengisa

Enye inqaku apha kukuba ababoneleli be-DC abarhwebayo, ababandakanya malunga ne-80% yoshishino, baxhomekeke kwizatifiketi ezivela kumaqumrhu azimeleyo afana Iziko le-Uptime ukuthengisa ukuthembeka kwabo. Nangona kunjalo, oku kubangela umngeni kwizisombululo zokupholisa simahla, njengoko akukabikho isatifikethi esisekiweyo kubo. Le meko ikhokelela ababoneleli bezorhwebo ukuba baxhathise ezinye iindlela zokupholisa, bekhankanya ukungaqiniseki malunga nokuthembeka kwabo kunye nokungabikho kwesatifikethi sangaphambili.

Iinkxalabo zokufudumala kwehlabathi

Abagxeki bahlala bephakamisa iinkxalabo malunga nefuthe lokufudumala kwehlabathi ekusebenzeni kokupholisa simahla. Nangona kunjalo, ingxabano ihlaziywa ngokuqaphela indalo ehamba kancinci yokufudumala kwehlabathi, kunye nokunyuka okuqikelelwayo kwe-1.5 degrees kwiminyaka elishumi. Olu tshintsho luncinci lobushushu alunakwenzeka ukuba lubeke esichengeni uzinzo lwezisombululo zokupholisa simahla kwixesha elikufutshane.

"Nje Kwimeko" Ingxabano

Enye into eqhelekileyo kwiinkampani ezikhetha indlela yokupholisa ye-DC kukubandakanywa kweeyunithi zogcino-moya zogcino njengenyathelo lokhuseleko ukongeza ekupholiseni simahla. Le ngxoxo "xa kunjalo" ijongela phantsi ingqikelelo engundoqo yokupholisa simahla, ingenisa ubunzima obungeyomfuneko kunye nokubeka esichengeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwezemali nokusebenza.

Kwanakwi-air conditioner encinci, imfuno yokubonelela ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo afana ne-freon, iingcingo, ulwelo, iinkqubo kunye nokulawula kuvela. Esikhundleni sokwamkela ingcamango yokuba ne-air conditioner yokugcina, imboni kufuneka igxininise ukulungelelanisa inkqubo yayo yokupholisa yamahhala kwiimeko ezininzi ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kwithemba lobuxoki.

Imingcipheko yokwenene kunye nokuqwalaselwa

Xa ucinga ngesisombululo sasimahla sokupholisa, eminye imingcipheko ebonakalayo kunye neengqwalasela zifuna ingqalelo. Olunye uqwalaselo oluphambili ngummandla wejografi, njengoko ukusasaza ukupholisa simahla kwindawo efana neArab Emirates kunokungathetheleleki.

Ukufikeleleka yenye into ekufuneka uyikhumbule. Ummandla okhethiweyo kufuneka ube neziseko zophuhliso eziyimfuneko kwaye ufikeleleke ngokulula ngabasebenzi abakhethekileyo abanikwe umsebenzi wokulungisa iziko ledatha. Uqhagamshelwano, kubandakanywa ukufumaneka kwemigca ye-optical, nayo ibalulekile. Ngokomzekelo, ukuseka iziko ledatha yokupholisa simahla ngaphaya kweArctic Circle kuba yinto engenakwenzeka ngenxa yokungabikho kwemigca yonxibelelwano kunye nomngeni wokugcina abasebenzi abanezakhono.

Ngaphaya kolu qwalaselo lolungiselelo, izithintelo kuphela zokupholisa simahla zibhekiselele kubushushu obuphezulu bommandla (app. 38-40 degrees) kunye nomgangatho womoya. Imimandla enongcoliseko olugqithisileyo, njengaleyo ikufuphi koohola beendlela ezixakekileyo okanye imisebenzi enzima yezolimo, inokubangela iingxaki. Ngelixa kungekho sithintelo sithe ngqo, izihluzi kwindawo ezinjalo ziyakufuna ukutshintshwa rhoqo. Ngokungafaniyo namaziko edatha aqhelekileyo ane-air-conditioned ajikeleza umoya wangaphakathi, amaziko okupholisa simahla atsala umoya wangaphandle, efuna ukugcinwa ngokucokisekileyo kwesihluzi. Ezinye iiparamitha zendawo zihambelana nezo zisebenzayo kumaziko edatha yemveli.

Oovulindlela Neendlela Zexesha Elizayo

Ngaphandle kobume beshishini lobudala, ezinye iinkampani ezicinga phambili zivavanya izibonelelo ezibambekayo zezinye iindlela. Ukubala iindleko-ukusebenza kokupholisa kwamahhala ngokuhlalutya kwamanani, baqaphela ukugcinwa kweendleko ezinokubakho ezinikezelayo.

Iinkampani ezininzi ezibalaseleyo, ezifana ne-Facebook (ngoku i-Meta), i-Google, i-Amazon, i-Yandex, kunye ne-Wildberries, ngoovulindlela ekwamkeleni iteknoloji yokupholisa simahla. Ubume babo bokulandela umkhondo buvela kukuzimisela kwabo ukuvavanya umngcipheko kunye nokuqonda izibonelelo zemali ezifumaneka kobu buchwepheshe. Ukhetho lwezi nkampani lwalucacile - mhlawumbi uye kwiiskimu eziqhelekileyo kwaye ufumane iindleko eziphezulu okanye uthathe umngcipheko kunye neenzuzo zokuba ngoovulindlela kwindawo yokupholisa idatha.

Imbonakalo yomhlaba yeshishini ibonisa indlela ekhulayo phakathi kwe-hyper-scaler yoshishino ekuphumezeni izisombululo zokupholisa simahla. Njengoko iinkampani ezininzi ziqaphela ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kunye neenzuzo zokusebenza kobu buchwepheshe, kucingelwa ukuba inani elandayo lamaziko edatha okupholisa asimahla aya kuvela kwixesha elizayo.

Ukuba unomdla wokufunda ngakumbi malunga nefiziksi yokupholisa simahla, jonga isihloko kwinqaku lam elitsha lokupholisa simahla: iTekhnoloji yeDive enzulu.