Dambudziko Definition
Kukura kuri kuwedzera kwenzvimbo yedata centre uye kuvhiya kwakafanana mukushandiswa kwemidziyo yeIT kwakonzera kuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwemagetsi.
Sezvo maseva, zvikamu zvakakosha zve data data, shandura magetsi mukupisa paanenge achishanda, isu tinotarisana nedambudziko rekutarisana nekupisa kwakanyanya uye inotonhorera data data nzvimbo uye midziyo.
Ngatikurumidze kuyeuka nheyo dzefizikiki yechikoro: kutevera nheyo dzakakosha dze thermodynamics, simba hariperi asi rinoshandurwa. Nokudaro, kana nzvimbo yedata inodya 1 MW yemagetsi - iyi simba rose quantum inoshandurwa kuva yakaenzana nehuwandu hwekupisa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo yakawanda magetsi inopedzwa, iyo yakakura dambudziko rekugadzirisa zvinokonzeresa kupisa mukati me data data.
Mamiriro acho anotowedzera kuoma, sezvo michina yeIT inogona kuve neakasiyana mashandisiro esimba asi aine hukuru hwemuviri hwakasiyana. Semuyenzaniso, midziyo ine simba rekushandisa zvakanyanya inogona kunge iine saizi diki, zvichiunza matambudziko mukutonhodza kupisa kwakanyanya. Kune rimwe divi, yakakura IT michina ine mwero wepakati magetsi ekushandisa iri nyore kutonhora nekuda kwenzvimbo yayo yakakura. Nzvimbo dzedata dzinowanzo gadzira musanganiswa wehukuru hwemidziyo uye mazinga ekushandisa, zvichiratidza dambudziko rekusangotonhodza zvakasiyana-siyana zveIT asi zvakare kuzviita nekumhanya kwakasiyana, zvichitungamirwa nezvinodiwa tembiricha zvemhando yega yega yemidziyo. Hazvina maturo kutaura, kuti titonhodze DC tinoda huwandu hwakakura hwemagetsi, izvo zvinowedzera kumari yekushanda.
Dambudziko rekushandisa simba zvakanaka munzvimbo dze data rinonyanya kuoma nekukwira kwepasi rose kwemitengo yemagetsi. Maererano ne
Data centre kushandiswa kwemagetsi kuri kukura pasinei nekuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka.
Mune mamwe mazwi, kunyangwe kuita pa watt kuri kuita nani, kudiwa kwezviwanikwa kunokura nekukurumidza, saka kushandiswa kwese kunowedzera kunowedzera pamwe nemitengo. Nekudaro, mari yakawanda yekuchengetedza inogona kuwanikwa nekugadzirisa masisitimu ekutonhodza. Izvi zvakaita kuti ndide kuve nekutarisa kwakadzama mukati memaitiro ekutonhora ekutonhodza kazhinji uye kutonhora kwemahara kunyanya.
Kuongororwa kwemazinga ekushandiswa kwesimba munzvimbo dzedhata kazhinji kunoenderana neiyo Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) metric. PUE inoyera kugona kwenzvimbo yedata nekuongorora iyo yakazara simba rekushandisa kupesana neiyo inoshandiswa chete kune IT michina. Tichazotaura nezvayo zvakadzama gare gare. Chatinoda kuziva iko zvino ndechekuti PUE yakaderera inomiririra nzvimbo inoshanda yedata, ichiratidza kuderedzwa kuvimba nesimba risiri rekombuta. Pamberi pekukura kwezvivakwa uye kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemagetsi, optimization PUE ine yakanyatsoita yekutonhodza masisitimu inopa hungwaru hwemari uye mashandiro akasimba.
Muchikamu chino, tichaongorora nzira dzechinyakare uye dzehunyanzvi dzekutonhodza uye toona kuti ndeipi yadzo inopa kunyatsoshanda.
Kutonhodza Nzira Overview
Mhepo uye isiri-mhepo
Muchikamu chakareruka, maitiro ekutonhodza anogona kutsanangurwa muzvikamu zviviri zvakakosha: nzira dzemhepo uye dzisiri dzemhepo. Kutsanangura, kutonhora kwemhepo kunosanganisira nzira dzakajairwa, nepo chikamu chisiri chemhepo chinosanganisira nzira dzakasiyana dzekushandisa zvinhu zvakaita semvura, oiri, kana zvinhu zvakasimba. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti huwandu hwakawanda, hunosanganisira 99%, yenzira dzekutonhodza dzinowira pasi pemhepo inotonhorera amburera.
Air Conditioners
Air conditioning systems ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa yekutonhodza mweya muhunyanzvi data center setups. Nheyo yavo yakakosha inoratidzira iyo yekugara mhepo inofefetera: mhepo inoyerera nemumasevha inotenderedzwa kuburikidza nemhepo inofefetera, inotonhorera kuburikidza neradiator grille, uye yozodzokororwa ichidzokera mumaseva. Iyi cyclical process inovimbisa inoenderera kutonhora michina.
Chillers
Kutevera maairconditioner, machiller anomiririra yechipiri yakanyanya kugamuchirwa yekutonhodza system. Kusiyana nemaairconditioner, anotonhorera anoshandisa mvura (kana mvura-based solution) kutamisa kupisa kure nenzvimbo dzinoda kudzora mamiriro ekunze. Kunyangwe mhepo inofefetera iri nyore uye kazhinji inokwanisika, mutengo wayo wepamusoro wesimba dzimwe nguva unogona kutadzisa mabhizinesi. Kune rimwe divi, masisitimu emvura inotonhorera anowedzera simba-anoshanda, asi anoda zvimwe zvikamu uye zvakaoma mukugadzwa kwavo nekugadzirisa.
Adiabatic Chambers uye Mats
Kutonhodza kweAdiabatic kunosanganisira kushandiswa kwemakamuri kana mameti panodirwa mvura nekubuda. Sezvo mvura inoputika, makamuri nemameti zvinotonhora pamwe chete nemhepo mukati. Nepo kutonhora kweadiabatic kunomiririra sarudzo yechitatu inoshanda, inoonekwa seyakasiyana uye haina kuwanzo shandiswa mu data center kutonhora kana ichienzaniswa nemhepo inofefetera uye inotonhorera.
Mvura Kutonhora
Mumvura inotonhorera masisitimu, mvura kana zvinwiwa zvine mvura zvinoshandiswa pakupisa kupisa. Mapombi emvura akaiswa zvine hungwaru mumakamuri evhavha, nesevha yega yega yakabatana nemapombi maviri - imwe yekubuda kwemvura inopisa uye imwe yekupinda kwemvura inotonhora. Radiators paCPUs, maGPU, uye pane mamwe maturusi akabatana zvakananga kune ino yemvura system. Iyi nzira haingotonhodze midziyo yedhata nenzvimbo asi inogadzirawo mvura inodziya yekuwedzera kushandiswa.
Heat Exchangers
Iyi nzira inokwidziridza kutonhora nekushandisa kunze kwekunze kutonhora nharaunda.
Kana nzvimbo inotonhora iri pedyo, yakadai sedhamu, gungwa, kana pasi inotonhora, iripo, pombi dzemvura dzinogona kuiswa imomo chaimo kuti dzifambise kupisa kwakawanda kubva kumidziyo yeIT.
Exotics
Kunewo nzira dzisina kujairika. Imwe yacho yakavakirwa paPeltier zvinhu kana thermoelectric coolers (TECs). Iyi nzira inotsamira pane semiconductor mhedzisiro uye inosanganisira kugovera magetsi kune yakakosha ndiro inodziya kune rimwe divi uye inotonhorera kune imwe.
Imwe nzira yeavant-garde ndeyekutumirwa kwenzvimbo dzepasi pemvura. In
Free Cooling
Iyi tekinoroji yakanangana nekuwedzera kutonhora kunoshanda. Kutonhodza mahara kunozorodza mweya mukati menzvimbo yedata pasina kuvimba nemaitiro echinyakare ekutonhodza. Inoshandisa mhepo yekunze yakasikwa sezvairi. Kazhinji mhepo yekunze inongori pasi pekutonga humidity uyezve echisikigo thermodynamic maitiro anogadzirisa tembiricha mukati memakamuri edata.
Iyi nzira inoderedza zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwesimba (75% kusvika 92% zvishoma kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe CRAH systems), inoderedza carbon dioxide emissions, uye inobvisa kudiwa kwemvura muhutano hwekutonhora.
Kutonhodza mahara ndechimwe chezvisarudzo zveeco-ushamwari zvinoda simba shoma. Kunze kwezvo, inogona kubatsira kuchengetedza mari sezvo 40% yesimba rinoshandiswa nedata data rinopinda mukutonhodza. Iyi sisitimu inosimudzira kushanda kwese mhepo inotonhorera michina, kunyangwe mumamiriro akaoma. Heino ratidziro yakapusa yekuona yemahara-kutonhora maitiro:
Sezvauri kuona iyo sisitimu inoshanda nenzira yakatwasuka, inofamba nemhepo yekunze kuburikidza nemasefa, michina yeIT, nekuidzinga. Uku kudzikiswa kwekuomarara, kuine mafeni chete sezvingangoita kusagadzikana, kunosimbisa kuvimbika kwese kweDC pakutonhora kwemahara.
Kusiyana nemasisitimu ane michina yakaoma, kusavapo kwezvakaomesesa zvikamu zvakare kunoderedza ese ekutanga mari yekuseta uye inoenderera mari yekugadzirisa. Saka mabhenefiti emari anotanga atova padanho rekuvaka, uko dhizaini yakagadziridzwa yekutonhodza yemahara inoshandura mukuchengetedza kunooneka.
The Agony of Choice
Panguva yemisangano nemisangano, ini ndinowanzo kuwana mibvunzo yakawanda inotenderera pane gangaidzo: kana kutonhorera kwemahara kuchibatsira maererano nekuchengetedza mari uye kureruka, nei isingagamuchirwe pasi rose muindasitiri?
Izvi zvinomutsa mubvunzo wakakura wekuti sei, zvisinei nemabhenefiti ayo, mashoma mashoma emakambani akagamuchira kutonhora kwemahara, nepo mamwe achienderera nemaitiro akajairika. Mhinduro kune iyi iri mukuongororwa kwakawanda kweiyo iripo indasitiri dynamics.
Indasitiri Udzvanyiriri
Mune data data indasitiri, uko kuvimbika kunonyanya kukosha, kugamuchirwa kwezvigadziriso zvekuvandudza kazhinji kunotarisana nekupokana. Ini ndinotaura izvi, chekutanga pane zvese, kune iyo DC indasitiri inochengetedza hunhu, apo vanoita sarudzo vanoisa pamberi pfungwa dzakasimbiswa pamusoro pemhinduro itsva.
Nepo matekinoroji matsva senge emahara kutonhora anovimbisa mutengo-kushanda uye kushanda zvakanaka, vamiriri veindasitiri vangasada nzira dzechinyakare asi dzakavimbika kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda kusina musono kwemaseva.
Zvipingamupinyi zvekutengesa
Imwe pfungwa apa ndeyekuti vekutengesa DC vanopa, vanosanganisira 80% yeindasitiri, vanovimba nezvitupa kubva kumasangano akazvimirira senge.
Global Warming Concerts
Vatsoropodzi vanowanzo simudza kushushikana pamusoro pekukanganisa kwekudziya kwepasirese pakugoneka kwekutonhora kwemahara. Zvakadaro, gakava rinodzikiswa nekuziva zvishoma nezvishoma chimiro chekudziya kwepasi, nekuwedzera kunenge kwe1.5 degrees mumakore gumi. Iyi shanduko ine mwero tembiricha haigone kukanganisa kugadzikana kwemahara ekutonhodza mhinduro munguva iri pedyo.
"Just in Case" Nharo
Imwezve tsika yakajairika yemakambani anosarudza nzira yekutonhodza yeDC ndeyekuisirwa mabhaibheri mayunitsi ekufemesa mhepo senzira yekudzivirira pamwe nekutonhodza mahara. Uku kukakavara kwe "zvichida" kunodzikisira pfungwa huru yekutonhodza mahara, kuunza kuoma kusingakoshi uye kukanganisa zvemari uye kushanda zvakanaka.
Kunyangwe kune diki mhepo inofefetera, kudikanwa kwekupa zvakasiyana-siyana zvikamu zvakadai sefreon, waya, zvinwiwa, masisitimu, uye zvinodzora zvinomuka. Panzvimbo yekugamuchira pfungwa yekuve nekuchengetedza air conditioner, iyo indasitiri inofanirwa kutarisa kugadzirisa yayo yemahara yekutonhodza sisitimu kune yakasarudzika mamiriro pasina kuvimba netariro yenhema.
Njodzi Chaidzo Nekufunga
Paunenge uchifunga nezvemhinduro yekutonhodza yemahara, dzimwe njodzi dzinobatika uye kufunga kunoda kutariswa. Imwe yekutarisa inzvimbo yenzvimbo, sekuendesa kutonhora kwemahara munzvimbo yakaita seArab Emirates kungasave kwakakodzera.
Kusvikika ndechimwe chinhu chinofanira kurangarirwa. Dunhu rakasarudzwa rinofanirwa kunge riine zvivakwa zvinodiwa uye rive nyore kuwanikwa nevashandi vane hunyanzvi vanopihwa basa rekuchengetedza data center. Kubatana, kusanganisira kuwanikwa kwemitsara yemaziso, kunokosha zvakare. Semuyenzaniso, kumisikidza yemahara-inotonhorera yedata data mhiri kweArctic Circle zvinove zvisingaite nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemitsara yekutaurirana uye dambudziko rekuchengetedza vashandi vane hunyanzvi.
Kupfuura izvi zvekugadzirisa zvinhu, zvirambidzo chete zvekutonhodza mahara zvine chekuita netembiricha yepamusoro yedunhu (app. 38-40 madhigirii) uye kunaka kwemhepo. Nzvimbo dzine kusvibiswa kwakanyanyisa, sedziya dziri pedyo nemigwagwa mikuru ine vanhu vakawanda kana kuti mabasa ekurima akanyanya, dzingaunza matambudziko. Nepo pasina kurambidza chaiko, mafirita munzvimbo dzakadai achada kugara achitsiviwa. Kusiyana neakajairwa air-conditioned data centers anotenderera mukati mukati memhepo, yemahara-inotonhorera nzvimbo inokwevera kunze kwemhepo, ichida zvakanyanya kushingairira mafirita ekugadzirisa. Mamwe ma paramita enzvimbo anowirirana neaya anoshanda kune echinyakare data nzvimbo.
Mapiyona uye Mafambiro Eramangwana
Kunyangwe iyo indasitiri ine hunhu hwekuchengetedza, mamwe makambani emakambani anofunga mberi anoongorora mabhenefiti anobatika edzimwe nzira. Kuverenga mutengo-unoshanda wekutonhodza mahara kuburikidza nekuongorora nhamba, ivo vanoona iyo inogona kukwanisa mari yekuchengetedza iyo inopa.
Makambani akati wandei ane mukurumbira, akadai seFacebook (ikozvino Meta), Google, Amazon, Yandex, uye Wildberries, mapiyona mukutora tekinoroji yekutonhodza yemahara. Chimiro chavo chekutevera chinobva mukudisa kwavo kuongorora njodzi uye kuziva mabhenefiti emari ari muhunyanzvi uhu. Sarudzo yemakambani aya yakanga yakajeka - kana kuenda kune zvakajairwa zvirongwa uye kuunza mutengo wakakwira kana kutora njodzi uye mabhenefiti ekuva mapiyona mu data center kutonhora.
Mamiriro ari kuita indasitiri anoratidza maitiro ari kukura pakati pemakambani hyper-scalers kusvika pakushandisa mahara ekutonhodza mhinduro. Sezvo mamwe makambani achiona mutengo-unoshanda uye mabhenefiti ekushanda kwehunyanzvi uhu, zvinotarisirwa kuti huwandu huri kuwedzera hwemakambani-yemahara ekutonhodza data nzvimbo dzichabuda mune ramangwana.
Kana iwe uchifarira kudzidza zvakawanda nezve fizikisi yekutonhodza yemahara, ongorora musoro wenyaya muchinyorwa changu chitsva Kutonhora Kwemahara: Tekinoroji Yakadzika Dive.
