Ubwihindurize bwa Data Centre Cooling: Kuva Muburyo bushingiye ku kirere kugeza ubukonje bwubusa

Ibisobanuro by'ikibazo

Iterambere ryiyongera mu bikorwa remezo by’ikigo no kwiyongera hamwe no gukoresha ibikoresho bya IT byatumye ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi ryiyongera.

Kuva seriveri, ibice bigize ibice byamakuru, bihindura amashanyarazi mubushuhe mugihe dukora, duhura nikibazo cyo guhangana nubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe nububiko bukonje bwibikoresho hamwe nibikoresho.

Reka twibuke byihuse ibyibanze bya fiziki yishuri: gukurikiza amahame shingiro ya thermodinamike, imbaraga ntizimira ahubwo zirahinduka. Rero, niba data data ikoresha MW 1 yumuriro w'amashanyarazi - iyi kwingufu zose zahinduwe mubushuhe bungana. Kubera iyo mpamvu, uko amashanyarazi akoreshwa cyane, niko ikibazo gikomeye cyo gucunga ubushyuhe buturuka muri data center.

Ibintu birarushijeho kuba ingorabahizi, kuko ibikoresho bya IT bishobora kugira urwego rutandukanye rwo gukoresha ingufu mugihe bifite ubunini butandukanye. Kurugero, ibikoresho bifite ingufu nyinshi birashobora kugira ubunini buke, bigatera ibibazo mugukonjesha neza ubushyuhe bwibanze. Kurundi ruhande, ibikoresho binini bya IT bifite igipimo giciriritse cyo gukoresha amashanyarazi biroroshye gukonja kubera ubuso bunini bwacyo. Ibigo byamakuru mubisanzwe bivanga ubunini bwibikoresho hamwe nurwego rwo gukoresha, byerekana ikibazo cyo kudakonjesha gusa ibikoresho bitandukanye bya IT ariko no kubikora kumuvuduko utandukanye, bigenwa nubushyuhe bwa buri bwoko bwibikoresho. Ntawabura kuvuga, kugirango dukonje DC dukeneye amashanyarazi menshi, yiyongera kubiciro byo gukora.

Ikibazo cyo gukoresha amashanyarazi neza mubigo byamakuru kiba gikomeye cyane hamwe n’izamuka ry’ibiciro by’amashanyarazi ku isi. Ukurikije raporo na Statista ibiciro by'amashanyarazi ku isi byazamutse cyane kugeza igihe ntarengwa hagati ya 2021 na 2022. Igihe ikibazo cy’ubuzima cya COVID-19 cyagabanutse mu gice cya kabiri cya 2021, ingufu ziyongereye, kandi ibiciro by’amashanyarazi byageze ku rwego rwo hejuru. Mu ntangiriro za 2022, isoko ry’ingufu ryongeye gukomera kandi ikibazo cy’ingufu cyiyongera.

Ikoreshwa rya data center ikoresha amashanyarazi riragenda ryiyongera nubwo imikorere ikora neza.

Muyandi magambo, nubwo imikorere kuri watt igenda itera imbere, ibisabwa kubutunzi biriyongera cyane, bityo muri rusange ibicuruzwa byanze bikunze byiyongera kimwe nibiciro. Nyamara, ikiguzi kinini cyo kuzigama gishobora kugerwaho mugutezimbere sisitemu yo gukonjesha. Ibi byatumye nifuza kugira ubushakashatsi bwimbitse muburyo bukonje bukonje muri rusange no gukonjesha kubuntu byumwihariko.

Isuzumabushobozi ryingufu zikoreshwa mubigo byamakuru mubisanzwe bishingiye kubipimo byimbaraga zikoreshwa (PUE). PUE yerekana imikorere yikigo ikora neza mugusuzuma ingufu zose zikoreshwa zikoreshwa mubikoresho bya IT gusa. Tuzabiganiraho muburyo burambuye nyuma. Icyo dukeneye kumenya ubu nuko PUE yo hepfo isobanura ikigo cyamakuru gikora neza, byerekana kugabanuka kwishingikiriza kumbaraga zitari computing. Imbere yibikorwa remezo bigenda byiyongera no kongera amashanyarazi, gukoresha PUE hamwe na sisitemu yo gukonjesha neza itanga ubushishozi bwimari nibikorwa birambye.

Muri iyi ngingo, tuzasesengura uburyo bwa gakondo kandi bushya bwo gukonjesha hanyuma tumenye bumwe muri bwo butanga umusaruro mwiza.

Uburyo bukonje

Umwuka n'umwuka

Mu byiciro byoroheje, tekinike yo gukonjesha irashobora kugabanywa mubyiciro bibiri byibanze: uburyo bushingiye ku kirere nuburyo budashingiye ku kirere. Kubisobanura neza, gukonjesha ikirere bikubiyemo inzira zisanzwe, mugihe icyiciro kitari ikirere kirimo uburyo butandukanye bukoresha ibintu nkamazi, amavuta, cyangwa ibikoresho bikomeye. Birashimishije kubona ubwinshi bwinshi, bugizwe na 99%, muburyo bwo gukonjesha bugwa munsi yumutaka ukonjesha ikirere.

Ikonjesha

Sisitemu yo guhumeka nuburyo bwiganje cyane bwo gukonjesha ikirere mumikorere yabakozi babigize umwuga. Ihame ryibanze ryabo ryerekana indangururamajwi zo guturamo: umwuka unyura muri seriveri uzenguruka binyuze mu cyuma gikonjesha, ugakonjeshwa ukoresheje gride ya radiator, hanyuma ugasubira muri seriveri. Iyi nzira yikurikiranya itanga uburyo bukomeza bwo gukonjesha.

Chillers

Gukurikiza ibyuma bifata ibyuma bikonjesha, chillers zerekana uburyo bwa kabiri bukoreshwa cyane. Bitandukanye na konderasi, chillers ikoresha amazi (cyangwa igisubizo gishingiye kumazi) kugirango yimure ubushyuhe ahantu hasabwa kurwanya ikirere. Nubwo guhumeka byoroshye kandi muri rusange birashoboka cyane, ibiciro byingufu zayo birashobora rimwe na rimwe kubangamira ubucuruzi. Kurundi ruhande, sisitemu y'amazi akonje irakoresha ingufu nyinshi, ariko isaba ibice byinshi nibigoye mugushiraho no kuyitunganya.

Ibyumba bya Adiabatic n'imbeba

Gukonjesha kwa Adiabatic bikubiyemo gukoresha ibyumba cyangwa matel aho amazi asukwa akanahumeka. Amazi amaze guhinduka, ibyumba na matela bikonje hamwe numwuka imbere. Mugihe gukonjesha adiabatic byerekana uburyo bwa gatatu bufatika, bifatwa nkibidasanzwe kandi ntibisanzwe bikoreshwa mugukonjesha amakuru mugihe ugereranije nubushyuhe hamwe na chillers.

Gukonjesha Amazi

Muri sisitemu yo gukonjesha amazi, amazi cyangwa amazi arimo amazi akoreshwa mugukwirakwiza ubushyuhe. Imiyoboro y'amazi ishyirwa mubyumba bya seriveri, hamwe na buri seriveri ihujwe n'imiyoboro ibiri - imwe yo gusohoka amazi ashyushye indi yo gutemba. Imirasire kuri CPU, GPU, no mubindi bikoresho bihujwe neza na sisitemu yo gutanga amazi. Ubu buryo ntabwo bukonjesha ibikoresho byikigo gusa ahubwo binatanga amazi ashyushye kugirango bikoreshwe.

Ubushyuhe

Ubu buryo butezimbere ubukonje bukoresha ibidukikije bikonje.

Iyo isoko ikonje hafi, nk'ikiyaga, inyanja, cyangwa ubutaka bukonje, iboneka, imiyoboro y'amazi irashobora koherezwa muri yo kugirango yohereze ubushyuhe bwinshi mubikoresho bya IT.

Exotics

Hariho kandi uburyo budasanzwe. Imwe murimwe ishingiye kubintu bya Peltier cyangwa gukonjesha amashanyarazi (TEC). Ubu buryo bushingiye ku ngaruka za semiconductor kandi burimo gutanga amashanyarazi ku isahani idasanzwe ishyushye kuruhande rumwe ikonjeshwa kurundi ruhande.

Ubundi buryo bwa avant-garde ni kohereza ibigo byamazi yo mumazi. Muri Umushinga wa Microsoft Natick nk'urugero, ikigo cyamakuru cyarengewe na metero 117 zubujyakuzimu mu birwa byamajyaruguru mu mpeshyi 2018. Mu myaka ibiri yakurikiyeho, iryo tsinda ryakoze ibizamini bikomeye no gukurikirana seriveri yikigo. Hemejwe ko gushyira ikintu gifunze hejuru yinyanja bishobora kongera amakuru muri rusange kwizerwa mu kugabanya ibibazo nka ruswa, ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe, n’imivurungano igaragara ku butaka.

Ubukonje bwubusa

Ubu buhanga bugamije cyane cyane kugabanya ubukonje bukabije. Gukonjesha kubuntu bigarura umwuka mubigo byamakuru udashingiye kuri sisitemu yo gukonjesha gakondo. Ikoresha umwuka usanzwe wo hanze uko imeze. Mubisanzwe umwuka wo hanze ugengwa gusa nubushyuhe hanyuma ibintu bisanzwe bya termodinamike bigenga ubushyuhe mubyumba byamakuru.

Ubu buryo bugabanya cyane gukoresha ingufu (75% kugeza kuri 92% ugereranije nizindi sisitemu za CRAH), bigabanya imyuka ya gaze karuboni, kandi bikuraho amazi muri sisitemu yo gukonjesha.

Gukonjesha kubuntu nimwe mumahitamo yangiza ibidukikije bisaba ingufu nke. Uretse ibyo, irashobora gufasha kuzigama ibiciro kuko 40% yingufu zikoreshwa na data center zijya gukonja. Sisitemu itezimbere imikorere yibikoresho byose bikonjesha ikirere, ndetse no mubihe bikomeye. Hano haribintu byoroshye byerekana uburyo bwo gukonjesha kubuntu:

Nkuko mubibona sisitemu ikora muburyo butaziguye, ikanyura hanze yumuyaga binyuze muyungurura, ibikoresho bya IT, no kuyirukana. Uku kugabanuka kugoye, hamwe nabafana gusa nkibishobora kuba intege nke, bishimangira muri rusange kwizerwa kwa DC kubukonje bwubusa.

Bitandukanye na sisitemu ifite ibikoresho bigoye, kubura ibice bigoye nabyo bigabanya ibiciro byambere byo gushiraho hamwe nogukomeza kubungabunga. Inyungu zamafaranga rero zitangira zimaze kubakwa, aho igishushanyo mbonera cyo gukonjesha kubuntu gihinduka kuzigama kugaragara.

Ububabare bwo Guhitamo

Mugihe cyinama ninama, nkunze kubona ibibazo byinshi byerekeranye na paradox: niba gukonjesha kubuntu ari byiza muburyo bwo kuzigama ibiciro no koroshya, kuki bitemerwa kwisi yose muruganda?

Ibi birabaza ikibazo kinini cyimpamvu, nubwo inyungu zayo, umubare muto wibigo byakiriye ubukonje bwubusa, mugihe ibindi bikomeza muburyo busanzwe. Igisubizo cyibi kiri mubizamini byinshi byerekana inganda ziganje.

Ingoma y'igitugu

Mu nganda zamakuru, aho kwizerwa bifite akamaro kanini, kwemeza ibisubizo bishya bikunze guhura nimbogamizi. Ibi ndabivuga, mbere ya byose, bitewe ninganda za DC zo kubungabunga ibidukikije, aho abafata ibyemezo bashyira imbere ibitekerezo byemejwe kuruta ibisubizo bishya.

Mugihe tekinolojiya mishya nko gukonjesha kubuntu isezeranya ikiguzi-cyiza kandi cyiza, abahagarariye inganda bahitamo uburyo gakondo ariko bwizewe kugirango imikorere ya seriveri idahwitse.

Inzitizi zo kwamamaza

Indi ngingo hano ni uko abatanga DC yubucuruzi, bagera kuri 80% yinganda, bashingira kumpamyabumenyi yatanzwe ninzego zigenga nka Ikigo cya Uptime gucuruza kwizerwa kwabo. Nyamara, ibi bitera ikibazo kubisubizo bikonje kubuntu, kuko nta cyemezo cyashyizweho kuri bo. Ibi bintu bituma abatanga ubucuruzi barwanya ubundi buryo bwo gukonjesha, bitewe nubudashidikanywaho bijyanye no kwizerwa kwabo no kutagira icyemezo kibyemeza.

Impungenge zo Kwiyongera Kwisi

Abakenguzamateka bakunze gutera impungenge ku ngaruka ziterwa n'ubushyuhe ku isi ku mibereho yo gukonja ku buntu. Ariko, impaka zamaganwe no kumenya imiterere yubushyuhe bukabije bwisi, hamwe no kwiyongera kwa dogere 1.5 mumyaka icumi. Ihinduka ryubushyuhe buciriritse ntirishobora guhungabanya umutekano wibisubizo bikonje kubusa mugihe cya vuba.

"Gusa mu rubanza" Impaka

Kimwe mubindi bikorwa bisanzwe mubigo bihitamo uburyo bwo gukonjesha DC ni ugushyiramo ibyuma bifata ibyuma bikonjesha nkuburyo bwo kwirinda hiyongereyeho gukonjesha kubuntu. Iyi "mugihe gusa" itesha agaciro igitekerezo cyibanze cyo gukonjesha kubuntu, kwinjiza ibintu bitari ngombwa no guhungabanya imikorere yimari nigikorwa.

Ndetse no kuri konderasi ntoya, hakenewe gutanga ibice bitandukanye nka freon, insinga, amazi, sisitemu, hamwe nubugenzuzi. Aho kwakira igitekerezo cyo kugira ibyuma bifata ibyuma bikonjesha, inganda zigomba kwibanda ku guhuza sisitemu yo gukonjesha ku buntu mu bihe bitandukanye bidashingiye ku byiringiro bitari byo.

Ingaruka nyazo no gutekereza

Iyo utekereje kubisubizo bikonje kubuntu, ingaruka zifatika nibitekerezo bisaba kwitabwaho. Ikintu kimwe cyibanzeho ni akarere ka geografiya, kuko kohereza ubukonje bwubusa mu karere nka Emirates y’abarabu ntibishobora kuba bifite ishingiro.

Kugerwaho ni ikindi kintu ugomba kuzirikana. Agace katoranijwe kagomba kuba gafite ibikorwa remezo bikenewe kandi kugerwaho byoroshye nabakozi kabuhariwe bashinzwe kubungabunga data center. Guhuza, harimo kuboneka kumurongo wa optique, nabyo ni ngombwa. Kurugero, gushiraho amakuru yubusa-gukonjesha amakuru arenze uruziga rwa Arctique biba bidashoboka kubera kubura imirongo yitumanaho hamwe nikibazo cyo gukomeza abakozi babishoboye.

Kurenga kuri ibi bitekerezo, ibibujijwe gusa gukonjesha kubusa bijyanye nubushyuhe ntarengwa bwakarere (porogaramu ya dogere 38-40) hamwe nubuziranenge bwikirere. Ibice bifite umwanda ukabije, nkibiri hafi yimihanda minini cyangwa ibikorwa byubuhinzi bikomeye, birashobora guteza ibibazo. Mugihe nta kibujijwe rwose, muyunguruzi ahantu nkaho bizakenera gusimburwa kenshi. Bitandukanye namakuru asanzwe akonjesha amakuru azenguruka ikirere cyimbere, ibigo bikonjesha ubusa bikurura umwuka wo hanze, bisaba ko byungururwa cyane. Ibindi bipimo byahantu bihuye nibikoreshwa mubigo gakondo byamakuru.

Abapayiniya hamwe nigihe kizaza

Nubwo inganda zita ku guharanira inyungu, amasosiyete amwe atekereza imbere asuzuma inyungu zifatika zindi. Kubara ikiguzi-cyiza cyo gukonjesha kubuntu binyuze mubisesengura ryumubare, bamenye ubushobozi bwo kuzigama butanga.

Ibigo byinshi bikomeye, nka Facebook (ubu ni Meta), Google, Amazon, Yandex, na Wildberries, ni abambere mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gukonjesha ku buntu. Imiterere yabo ituruka ku bushake bwabo bwo gusuzuma ingaruka no kumenya inyungu zamafaranga ziranga iri koranabuhanga. Guhitamo aya masosiyete byari bisobanutse - jya kuri gahunda zisanzwe kandi utange amafaranga menshi cyangwa ufate ibyago nibyiza byo kuba abambere mubukonje bwikigo.

Inganda zigenda ziyongera zerekana icyerekezo kigenda cyiyongera hagati ya hyper-scalers igana mubikorwa byo gukonjesha kubuntu. Mugihe ibigo byinshi byemera ibiciro-byiza nibikorwa byikoranabuhanga, biteganijwe ko mugihe kizaza hazagenda hagaragara umubare wibigo bikonjesha bikonje bitagira ibigo.

Niba ushishikajwe no kwiga byinshi kuri fiziki yo gukonjesha kubuntu, shakisha ingingo mu kiganiro cyanjye gishya Ubuntu bukonje: Ikoranabuhanga ryimbitse.