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Business English: A Practice Book by Rose Buhlig is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . INTERESTING WORDS here INTERESTING WORDS Business English is the expression of our commercial life in English. It is not synonymous with letter writing. To be sure, business letters are important, but they form only a part of one of the two large divisions into which the subject naturally falls. First, there is , important because so many of our business transactions are conducted personally. Thousands of salesmen daily move from place to place over the entire country, earning their salaries by talking convincingly of the goods that they have to sell. A still greater number of clerks, salesmen, managers, and officials orally transact business in our shops, stores, offices, and banks. Complaints are adjusted; difficulties are disentangled; and affairs of magnitude are consummated in personal interviews, the matter under discussion often being thought too important to be entrusted to correspondence. In every business oral English is essential. oral expression Second, there is . This takes account of the writing of advertisements, circulars, booklets, and prospectuses, as well as of letters. And in the preparation of these oral English is fundamental. It precedes and practically includes the written expression. For example, we say colloquially that a good advertisement "talks." We mean that the writer has so fully realized the buyer's point of view that the words of the advertisement seem to speak directly to the reader, arousing his interest or perhaps answering his objection. Oral English is fundamental, too, in the writing of letters, for most letters are dictated and not written. The correspondent dictates them to his stenographer or to a recording machine in the same tone, probably, that he would use if the customer were sitting before him. written expression But in taking this point of view, we should not minimize the importance of written business English. In a way, it is more difficult to write well than it is to talk well. In talking we are not troubled with the problems of correct spelling, proper punctuation, and good paragraphing. We may even repeat somewhat, if only we are persuasive. But in writing we are confronted with the necessity of putting the best thoughts into the clearest, most concise language, at the same time obeying all the rules of spelling, punctuation, and grammar. The business man must be sure of these details in order to know that his letters and advertising matter are correct. The stenographer, especially, must be thoroughly familiar with them, so that she may correctly transcribe what has been dictated. Business English is much the same as any other English. It consists in expression by means of words, sentences, and paragraphs. Moreover, they are much the same kind of words, sentences, and paragraphs that appear in any book that is written in what is commonly called the literary style. In a business letter the words are largely those of every day use, and but few are technical. It is the manner in which the words are put together, the idea back of the sentence, that makes the only difference. We shall begin the study of business English with a study of words, for in all expression, whether oral or written, a knowledge of words, of their meaning and suggestive power, is fundamental. On the choice of words depends not only the correctness but also the effectiveness of expression—the courtesy of a letter, the appeal of an advertisement, the persuasiveness of a salesman's talk. A mastery of words cannot be gained at once. Every time one speaks, he must consider what words will best convey his idea. In this chapter only the barest beginning of such study can be made. The exercises show the value of the subject. The study of words is interesting because words themselves are interesting. Sometimes the interest consists in the story of the derivation. As an example, consider the word . Many words in this book are written in italic to draw attention to them. Literally the word means "relating to Italy or its people." It is now applied to a kind of type in which the letters slope toward the right. The type was called italic because it was dedicated to the states of Italy by the inventor, Manutius, about the year 1500. An unabridged dictionary will tell all about the word. italic The word tells a curious story. It is derived from a Latin word, , meaning "salt money." It was the name of the money that was given to the Roman soldiers for salt, which was a part of their pay. Finally, instead of signifying only the salt money, it came to mean the total pay. salary salarium Practically all of this information a good dictionary gives. In other words, a dictionary is a story book containing not one, but hundreds of thousands of stories. Whenever possible it tells what language a word came from, how it got its different meanings, and how those meanings have changed in the course of time. For it is natural that words should change just as styles change, names of ancient things being lost and names for new things being made. As the objects themselves have gone out of use, their names have also gone. When a word has gone entirely out of use, it is marked in the dictionary. On the other hand, new inventions must be named. Thus new words are constantly being added to the language and the dictionary because they are needed. obsolete There is a large class of words that we shall not have time to consider. They are called . Every profession, business, or trade has its distinctive words. The technical words that a printer would use are entirely different from those which a dentist, a bookkeeper, or a lawyer would use. You will learn the technical terms of your business most thoroughly after you enter it and see the use for such terms. technical None of the words, therefore, that you will be asked to search out in the dictionary are, strictly speaking, technical. It is evident that it will do you no good to search out the words in the dictionary, unless you learn them—unless you use them correctly in speaking and writing. There is pleasure in thus employing new material, as everybody knows. Use your eyes and ears. When you hear a new word, or read one, focus the mind upon it for a moment until you can retain a mental picture of its spelling and of its pronunciation. Then as soon as possible look it up in the dictionary to fix its spelling, pronunciation, and definition. Do this regularly, and you will have reason to be proud of your vocabulary. An excellent way to increase the number of words that you know is to read the right kind of books. The careful study of the words used in the speeches and addresses of noted men is good practice. The conditions that called forth the speech were probably important, and the speech itself interesting, or it would not be preserved. When a man has an interesting or important message to give, he usually gives it in clear, exact, simple language. Therefore the vocabulary that he uses is worth copying. As for stories, there is a kind that furnishes a wealth of material that modern authors are constantly using or referring to, and this is found in stories of the Bible, stories of Greek and Northern gods and goddesses, stories of the , the , the , stories of chivalry—all old stories. Every one should know them well, because they are the basis of many allusions in which a single word oftentimes suggests a whole story. The meaning of the word , for instance, is missed if you do not know the story of Hercules and know that he was famous for his strength. Iliad Odyssey Æneid herculean Exercise 1 is an interesting word. Originally it was the name of a Greek god, who carried the world on his shoulders. Then it is supposed that in the sixteenth century the famous geographer Mercator prefixed his collection of maps with the picture of Atlas supporting the world. Thus a collection of maps in a volume came to be called an . Consult an unabridged dictionary for the origin of each of the following: Atlas atlas rival fortune cereal boycott dollar finance china derrick bankrupt milliner java mercury cash pullman cashmere colossal mint grocer macadam turbine Exercise 2 The days of the week and the months of the year are interesting in their derivation. Monday, for example, represents the day sacred to the Moon as a deity. Explain the origin of each of the following: Sunday Saturday May October Tuesday January June November Wednesday February July December Thursday March August Friday April September Exercise 3 Look up the derivation of the following: cancel bead ambition hospital pecuniary paper influence pavilion cheat book virtue mackintosh speculation bayonet peevish chapel phaëton tawdry disaster omnibus Exercise 4 Explain the origin of each of the following: curfew tulip turquoise good-bye pompadour aster amethyst dismal hyacinth dunce tantalize titanic dandelion humor umbrella volcano dahlia villain sandwich tangle begonia echo lunatic babble Exercise 5 Name the image that each of the following suggests to you: howl sputter rasping munch skim prance clatter trickle squeal click wheeze shuffle moan thud trudge bulge squeak patter chuckle gobble squawk spatter toddling swish Exercise 6 Bring to class a list of words which, because they are the names of modern inventions, have come into the language in modern time. Exercise 7 How many words can you name which might be called the technical terms of school life, words which always carry with them a suggestion of the school room? Bring in a list of twenty such words. Exercise 8 How many words can you name which are used only in the business world? Bring in a list of twenty such words. Exercise 9 How many words can you name which apply particularly to money and the payment or non-payment of money? Bring in a list of twenty or more such words. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Rose Buhlig (2011). Business English: A Practice Book. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/38046/pg38046-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

INTERESTING WORDS

With the Death of Cash, Privacy Faces a Deeply Uncertain Future

Dedicated to Anderson's Bookshops

This story was originally published on by and ; contributed reporting. ProPublica Peter Elkind Jack Gillum Doris Burke On Feb. 16, less than two weeks after a mysterious attacker made headlines around the world by hacking a water treatment plant in Oldsmar, Florida, and nearly generating a mass poisoning, the city’s mayor declared victory. “This is a success story,” Mayor Eric Seidel told the City Council in Oldsmar, a Tampa suburb of 15,000, after acknowledging “some deficiencies.” As he put it, “our protocols, monitoring protocols, worked. Our staff executed them to perfection. And as the city manager said, there were other backups. ... We were breached, there’s no question. And we’ll make sure that doesn’t happen again. But it’s a success story.” Two council members congratulated the mayor, noting his turn at the press conference where the hack was disclosed. “Even on TV, you were fantastic,” said one. “Success” is not the word that cybersecurity experts use to describe the Oldsmar episode. They view the breach as a case study in digital ineptitude, a frightening near-miss and an example of how the managers of water systems continue to downplay or ignore years of increasingly dire warnings. The experts say the sorts of rudimentary vulnerabilities revealed in the breach — including the lack of an internet firewall and the use of shared passwords and outdated software — are common among America’s 151,000 public water systems. “Frankly, they got very lucky,” said retired Adm. Mark Montgomery, executive director of the federal Cyberspace Solarium Commission, which Congress established in 2018 to upgrade the nation’s defenses against major cyberattacks. Montgomery likened the Oldsmar outcome to a pilot landing a plane after an engine caught fire during a flight. “They shouldn’t celebrate like Tom Brady winning the Super Bowl,” he said. “They didn’t win a game. They averted a disaster through a lot of good fortune.” The motive and identity of the hackers, foreign or domestic, remain unknown. But Montgomery and other experts say a more sophisticated hacker than the one in Oldsmar, who attempted to boost the quantity of lye in the drinking water to dangerous levels, could have wreaked havoc. They’re skeptical of the city’s assurances that “redundant” electronic monitors at the plant protected citizens from any possible harm. “If the attackers could break into the lye controls,” Montgomery said, “don’t you think they could break into the alarm system and alter the checkpoints? It’s a mistake to think a hacker could not introduce contaminated water into our water systems.” Oldsmar officials, citing the ongoing investigation, declined ProPublica’s requests for an interview or to address emailed questions about the city’s cybersecurity practices. The consequences of a major water system breach could be calamitous: thousands sickened from poisoned drinking water; panic over interrupted supplies; widespread flooding; burst pipes and streams of overflowing sewage. (This is not merely theoretical. In 2000, a former municipal wastewater contractor in Australia, rejected for a city job, remotely manipulated computer control systems to , which poured into public parks, turned creek water black, spilled onto the grounds of a Hyatt Regency Hotel and generated a stench that investigators called “unbearable.” The man was sentenced to two years in prison.) release 264,000 gallons of raw sewage In congressional testimony on March 10, Eric Goldstein, cybersecurity chief for the federal Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, described the Oldsmar incident as illustrating “the gravest risk that CISA sees from a national standpoint.” He said it should be “a clarion call for this country for the risk that we face from cyberintrusions into these critical systems.” Grave warnings have sounded for years. As far back as 2011, a Department of Homeland Security alert advised that hackers could gain access to American water systems using “readily available and generally free” internet search tools. Such admonitions have abounded in recent years. Booz Allen Hamilton’s 2019 “Cyber Threat Outlook” called America’s water utilities “a perfect target” for cyberattacks; a 2020 Journal of Environmental Engineering review found “an increase in the frequency, diversity, and complexity of cyberthreats to the water sector”; and the Cyberspace Solarium Commission’s March 2020 report warned that America’s water systems “remain largely ill-prepared to defend their networks from cyber-enabled disruption.” Despite the warnings, and some high-profile breaches dating back a decade, the federal government has largely left cyberdefense to the water utilities. For years, it relied on voluntary industry measures, dismissing any need for new regulation. Then, in 2018, Congress included a provision addressing cybersecurity in a that covered everything from river levee repairs to grants for school water fountains. 129-page water bill The requirements were less than demanding. Every U.S. water system serving more than 3,300 customers was obliged to conduct a self-assessment of the risks and resilience of its physical and electronic systems and prepare an emergency-response plan. Different-sized utilities got different deadlines; for the smallest covered by the law, such as Oldsmar, the self-assessment must be done by June 30, 2021, more than two and a half years after the law was signed. (Oldsmar had completed its cybersecurity review by early November but hadn’t yet incorporated its recommendations in the city’s emergency response plan before the February hack, according to a statement provided by the city manager.) Tens of thousands of U.S. water systems with fewer than 3,300 customers were exempted entirely from the law’s requirements. Those utilities required to perform a self-assessment were not obliged to submit a report to any government agencies. The utilities merely had to attest to the Environmental Protection Agency that they had conducted the assessment. The 2018 legislation also provided $30 million for grants to help water districts deal with “risk and resilience” problems, including cyberattacks. But Congress never appropriated that money. The water provisions fall far short of federal requirements (including penalties for violating those rules) and funding aimed at protecting electricity infrastructure, according to Montgomery. “An assessment’s a good thing,” he said. “But this is well short of what we require from energy companies. We have developed a tool for self-identification of problems. But if you’re really bad at cybersecurity, I’m not sure your self-identification is going to solve the problem.” He also pointed to low staffing at the EPA’s Water Security Division. “The water security office is a handful of people, probably three,” Montgomery said. “It historically has not done much, if any, cybersecurity work. This is the product of 20 years of low prioritization.” The agency’s on “Drinking Water Infrastructure Needs,” submitted in 2018, identified $472.6 billion in long-term priorities, but it didn’t mention the word “cybersecurity” once in its 75 pages. most recent report to Congress An EPA official, speaking on the condition of anonymity, agreed that the agency had only “a small team” devoted to water cybersecurity but said Oldsmar “and other recent incidents have highlighted the importance of the priority and the investments we need to make.” The origins of the problem are clear. The vast majority of the nation’s water systems are small and publicly owned, with limited resources and aging infrastructure. As they turned to digital systems and monitors to boost efficiency while saving money and staff, they failed to install the safeguards and carry out employee training needed to secure the resulting vulnerabilities. “Every one of them had one guiding principle over the last 50 years: increased automation to lower the size of the workforce to keep costs down,” Montgomery said. “Along with that, there should have been an investment in the cybersecurity of the infrastructure. But that did not happen.” Traditionally focused on physical risks, such as natural hazards, burst pipes and on-site intruders, most water systems also have . little or no in-house IT staff The pandemic, which encouraged remote management, has only made the problem worse. In testimony last month to the House Homeland Security Committee, former CISA Director Chris Krebs called Oldsmar’s vulnerability “probably the rule rather than the exception. ... These are municipal facilities that do not have sufficient resources to have robust security programs. That’s just the way it goes.” The industrial control systems that water districts use to manage valves, pipes and other infrastructure are notoriously open to attack. A 2018 study by IBM and a private security company found 17 major vulnerabilities in equipment widely deployed in “smart cities,” a term that refers to municipalities that manage a wide array of their systems — anything from water treatment plants to parking meters and street lamps — via the Internet. Among the security problems: Every product the group examined was still using the default passwords (such as “admin”) they came with in the box, allowing “even the most novice hacker to easily gain access to these devices.” A 2018 study by the firm Positive Technologies reported that it was able to penetrate nearly three-fourths of industrial organizations it investigated, revealing gaps offering hackers “plenty of opportunity to access critical equipment.” The most common vulnerabilities: remote-access networks, obvious passwords and software so old that the manufacturer had stopped making fixes to protect against intruders. The report found that vulnerabilities known for years often “remain untouched, because organizations are afraid to make any changes that might cause downtime.” These industrial control systems are considered such obvious targets that hacking contests use them as quarry. At the DEFCON computer security conference, an “ICS Village” let curious programmers try to break into devices set up inside a Las Vegas hotel room — demos not connected to real-life systems — in an effort to expose weaknesses. At the event in 2018, one water pipe control system, likely used for a commercial building, had its computer screen defaced with graffiti-type messages. The exact number of attacks on water utilities remains unknown. Many go undetected or unreported, and no federal law requires disclosure, even to regulators or law enforcement. Michael Arceneaux, managing director of the Water Information Sharing and Analysis Center, an industry group promoting cybersecurity, said water systems often refuse to reveal breaches, even to his group, out of fear that they will somehow reveal their vulnerabilities to other hackers. “It’s not something members wanted potentially floating around in some database.” The episodes that have been made public reveal a growing array of threats, from random vandalism and disgruntled employees to identity theft and ransomware. In Oldsmar, for example, the FBI and the Pinellas County Sheriff’s Office, which are jointly investigating, have already revealed multiple lapses. The attack took place at the city’s water treatment plant, which purifies groundwater for drinking using filters and chemicals, including small amounts of sodium hydroxide. Commonly known as lye, it is used to reduce the water’s acidity. (In considerably stronger concentrations, sodium hydroxide is also a chief ingredient in drain cleaner.) The hack began around 8 a.m. on Feb. 5, when a plant operator noticed someone had remotely accessed the computer system that monitors and controls the chemical levels added to the water. The hackers entered through a remote access software program called TeamViewer. The city had actually replaced TeamViewer six months earlier, but it never disconnected the program, according to county Sheriff Bob Gualtieri. Logging into the system remotely was a breeze: The water plant’s computers all used a single shared password, required no two-factor verification and had no firewall in place protecting the controls from the internet, according to FBI findings described in a Massachusetts state . advisory A final vulnerability: All the computers were still running on Windows 7, a decade-old, discontinued operating system; Microsoft had stopped issuing regular software updates to plug its security vulnerabilities in January 2020. After noticing the hacker’s morning log-in, Gualtieri later said at the press conference, the plant operator “didn’t think much of it” and didn’t contact anyone since other city employees routinely accessed the system remotely. (It’s not clear why the attacker’s use of the replaced TeamViewer software didn’t immediately raise concern.) The hacker reappeared about 1:30 p.m., this time visibly taking over the computer, mousing around for three to five minutes and opening the plant’s control system software. After ratcheting up the water’s sodium hydroxide level from 100 parts per million to 1,100 parts per million, the intruder departed. After watching all this, the Oldsmar plant operator quickly lowered the sodium hydroxide level and called his boss. The city contacted the county sheriff’s office nearly three hours later, at 4:17 p.m., according to an incident report on the event. Oldsmar officials maintained that the public was never in danger. They noted that it would have taken at least 24 hours for poisoned water to start flowing out of kitchen taps, and that even if the onsite operator hadn’t intervened, the plant had backup systems monitoring the water’s chemical balance that would have sounded alarms long before then. A small number of other incidents present the nightmarish “what-if” scenarios that scare experts, particularly from so-called state actors. Both Russia and Iran have been implicated in such accounts, according to government reports and legal actions. One such episode occurred in 2013, when a state-backed hacker sitting at his keyboard in Iran breached the computer controls at the Bowman Dam in suburban Rye, New York, with a presumed plan to open the sluice gates. The gates happened to have been manually disconnected at the time for maintenance, and the dam was actually just a narrow, 20-foot-high structure holding back a babbling brook. Federal intelligence officials speculated that the Iranians had actually intended to seize controls at the massive Arthur R. Bowman Dam in Oregon, where similar actions would have flooded thousands of homes. later charged that the Bowman Dam hacker worked for Iran’s Revolutionary Guard and was part of a seven-man team that successfully breached America’s biggest banks, paralyzing their computer servers and blocking customers from accessing their accounts online. A federal indictment The hacker remains at large, and on the FBI’s . In 2019, Revolutionary Guard hackers struck again, deploying malware to launch an ultimately unsuccessful attack on a municipal water system in Israel. “most wanted” list In recent years, three U.S. states — New York, New Jersey and Connecticut — decided to go beyond the federal rules and adopted tougher cybersecurity measures for the water utilities within their borders. After passing new legislation, New Jersey required all public water systems with internet-connected controls to develop a cybersecurity risk-mitigation plan within 120 days, submit it to the state, create a process for reporting all cyberattacks and join a special state-government clearinghouse promoting strong cybersecurity practices. Connecticut launched a “Cybersecurity Action Plan” and began holding private annual meetings with each of the state’s largest water (and other) utilities to scrutinize the adequacy of their cyberdefenses. For its part, New York amended its public health law to require water systems to conduct assessments of their susceptibility to cyberattacks and submit them to the state within a year. A team at the state comptroller’s office has also conducted seven cybersecurity audits of municipal water systems, in each case posting the audit publicly while reserving some findings for confidential briefings to avoid offering hackers a road map of vulnerabilities. Its audit of the city of Syracuse’s water system, for example, found shared user passwords and accounts that hadn’t been disabled long after employees left the city. The Binghamton audit discovered a video on the water department’s own webpage showcasing the treatment plant’s controls. “There’s a tremendous amount of work that needs to be done to shore up the systems,” said assistant New York state comptroller Randy Partridge, who oversees the water system audits. Since January 2019, he said, his auditors have issued 239 findings at various municipal facilities (including water systems) regarding weak password security alone. “It’s a health and safety risk for any resident that lives in our local government. No community can really survive for any length of time without access to potable water.” Arthur House, who served as Connecticut’s chief cybersecurity risk officer, said: “I hope it doesn’t take the poisoning of a lot of people or a catastrophic shutdown for people to say, ‘Omigosh, this is serious.’ The federal government has to have a role on this. You cannot leave something that would cripple us as a country solely in the hands of 50 different states.” Photo by on Thomas Kinto Unsplash

America’s Drinking Water Isn't Protected Enough

The Ray of Madness

El rayo de la locura

Le rayon de la folie

पागलपन की किरण

レイ・オブ・マッドネス

O Raio da Loucura

疯狂之光

Cryptocurrency companies use certain strategies to attract users, developers and investors. Various types of activity contribute to the development of their ecosystem: hackathons, tournaments and contests. What contests are held by Solana, Near, Cosmos and FreeTON? Let's take a look at the largest and most ambitious events. $1 Million from Solana Blockchain Solana Season, which ran from May 15 to June 7, 2021, is one of the largest hackathons in IT history. More than 13,000 developers took part in the event, and 350 projects were presented to the jury. The event was hosted by the Solana Foundation, a non-profit organization dedicated to the development of Solana. Hackathon goals: • selection and implementation of the best DeFi, NFT, Web3 project in the Solana ecosystem; • attracting users and developers to the Solana blockchain The prize pool of $ 1 million was distributed among 39 teams. The Grand Prize Winner of the Solana Season Hackathon was Zeta, an under-collateralized DeFi options platform built on the Solana blockchain. The team received $ 30,000 and a special prize - two tickets to the Solana event in Lisbon and $ 1,500 for a flight. The best DeFi Project was Solend, an algorithmic decentralized protocol for lending and borrowing. The prize was $ 20,000. The best NFT Project was Coral Reef, an NFT marketplace with the ability to Fractionalize. The prize was $ 20,000. The best Web3 project was Solarium, a decentralized, end-to-end encrypted, censorship-resistant instant messenger based on the Solana blockchain. The team received $ 20,000. The Community Choice Award went to Boring Protocol, a decentralized VPN service on the Solana blockchain. The project includes a P2P marketplace and provides traffic anonymity. The team received $ 5,000. $50 for each participant and more for the winners From The Cosmos Blockchain HackAtom RU 2021 is an event organized by Tendermint, Citizen Cosmos and Cyber Academy. More than 150 developers participated in this marathon. Hackathon goals: • development of the Cosmos ecosystem using DeFi, NFT projects and the IBC protocol • translation of Cosmos documentation into Russian The main prize pool was $ 20,000. $8,000 - for the development of a DeFi product using IBC. $5,000 - for the best NFT product on the Cosmos blockchain. $5,000 - for creating a product using IBC. $1,000 - for winning the Community Choice category Participants who completed the tasks of sponsors received special prizes. The sponsorship prize pool was $ 25,000. Each contestant received a $ 50 Cosmos store certificate. First and Budget Option From Near Hack the Rainbow is the first hackathon on the Near blockchain. More than 400 developers took part in the competition, and more than 80 applications were submitted. The main goal of the competition is to create projects that interact with the Rainbow Bridge cross-chain solution to provide interaction between the Ethereum and Near ecosystems. The YNEAR project was recognized as the best solution. YNEAR uses the Rainbow Bridge to create derivatives based on NEAR betting. Users can earn yNEAR tokens by staking NEAR tokens on specific validators, and the yNEAR amount is adjusted to accumulate validator rewards. By transferring yNEAR to Ethereum through the Rainbow Bridge, token holders can take advantage of the diverse capabilities of DeFi projects. A small commission in the form of validator rewards will be collected into the treasury, with the help of which all holders of yNEAR tokens can participate in governance and project initiatives. The prize for the first place was 10,000 NEAR tokens + 1,000 DAI - about $ 22,000 at the time of the article's release. In addition, teams that developed the following solutions received 6,000 NEAR + 6,000 DAI tokens (about $ 14,000) each: • AMM-NEARswap protocol. Allows users to safely and efficiently exchange NEAR and Ethereum assets • NEARBook is a chain order book implemented using the Rust programming language. By “chain” we mean that the matching mechanism is implemented as a smart contract on the nearest blockchain. He is using the Rainbow Bridge to leverage Ethereum assets in the NearBook. • Advanced Fungible is a modern, safe and convenient token standard for the NEAR protocol. Aims at fixing some of the issues with previous token implementations, especially ERC-20 and NEP-21. • Intoo TV is a platform for live broadcasting in P2P format. • Influences is a decentralized social network that allows fans to follow specific influencers for a monthly fee. • Vital Point-DAO - Moloch v2 port for NEAR that can be whitelisted or integrated with any NEP-21 token. More than 150 Contests per Year and Huge Prizes from Free TON Blockchain During the year, about 160 contests of various levels of complexity and specialization were held in the Free TON community: from the Free TON video presentation contest to the development of NFT platforms. Validator tournaments, development, design, testing contests - these tools are used by the Free TON ecosystem to create a meritocratic community management system. Rewards are paid in the native currency Free TON - TON Crystal. Here are some examples of recent and upcoming competitions. NFT marketplace NFT is a new, fast-growing crypto trend. NFT technology is interesting not only for authors and collectors, but also for traders with investors. The cost of individual NTF tokens - collectible cards, game artifacts, virtual digital art - is staggering. Specialized trading platforms are used to sell and buy NFTs. The NFT marketplace competition was dedicated to their creation. The main goal of the competition was to develop an NTF platform, through which members of the Free TON community would be able to fully work with NFT: create, sell and buy. Prize-winning competition: 1st place - 150,000 TON Crystal - about $67,500 2nd place - 120,000 TON Crystal - about $54,000 3rd place - 100,000 TON Crystal - about $45,000 4th place - 30,000 TON Crystal - about $13,500 5th place - 30,000 TON Crystal - about $13,500 The winner of the competition is the Drozd.red team, with the Grandbazar trading platform. The platform impressed the judges of the competition with its modern and laconic design, as well as the simplicity and convenience of the interface. The jury members highly appreciated the functionality of the Grandbazar platform and the integration of the site with ExtraTON. Implementation of online auctions On July 26, the competition for the creation of an auction system based on Free TON smart contracts ended. While voting is in progress and the winners have not yet been determined, the size of the reward is known: 1st place - 50,000 TON Crystal - about $21,500 2nd place - 35,000 TON Crystal - about $15,050 3rd place - 20,000 TON Crystal - about $8,600 4th place - 15,000 TON Crystal - about $6,450 5th place - 10,000 TON Crystal - about $4,300 Voting audit in Latin America The contest for the creation of a system of decentralized voting audit for elections in Latin America has ended. The solution to a non-trivial problem is highly appreciated: 1st place - 200,000 TON Crystal - about $86,000 2nd place - 150,000 TON Crystal - about $67,500 3rd place - 100,000 TON Crystal - about $43,000 4th place - 75,000 TON Crystals - about $32,250 5th place - 50,000 TON Crystals - about $21,500 6th to 10th place - 25,000 TON Crystals - about $10,750 Ethereum↔FreeTON Bridge NFT A few days later, the EthereumFTFreeTON Bridge NFT contest starts. You can take part in it by leaving an application in the period from 08/01/2021 to 09/15/2021. The main task of the contest is to develop an application with which it will be possible to freely move NFT tokens between the Free TON and Ethereum blockchains. 1st place - 100,000 TON Crystal - about $45,000 2nd place - 75,000 TON Crystal - about $34,000 3rd place - 50,000 TON Crystal - about $22,500 4th place - 40,000 TON Crystal - about $18,000 5th place - 30,000 TON Crystal - about $13,500 In the Free TON project, a large share of TON Crystal tokens is distributed among the most active members of the community through contests. The size of the prize pool of Free TON contests can surprise even seasoned crypto enthusiasts. As you can see, Free TON prize contests are usually several times larger than in similar contests of other blockchains. With this approach, it is possible that in the near future new serious developers from ecosystems of other blockchains will come to the Free TON ecosystem.

Contests and Hackathons in Blockchain: An Overview

What I Would Have Missed in May 2017

By Amanda Kavanagh While salaries in tech have always been pretty comfortable, AI-related roles are really upping the ante, according to a . new report from Bizreport By analyzing job specs from eight different websites, and combining this with data from the , the report shows in hard figures just how much AI is reshaping the American job market. Bureau of Labor Statistics Not only do AI-related jobs offer 78% higher pay than other occupations, the difference is most notable in more junior positions. Those beginning AI-related jobs at entry level were offered salaries 128% higher than other occupations, and this fell to 58% for mid-level and 47% for senior roles. Clearly, there is strong demand and value placed on AI skills, but sometimes comparing salaries for tech and non-tech roles is like comparing apples and oranges. Widening Pay Gap The report shows the pay gap between tech jobs and other roles has widened by 36% due to AI, and in 2024, there will be potentially 131,000 AI-related jobs in the computer science industry. The AI business is booming and both graduates and more established employees would . According to Lisa Heneghan, Global Chief Digital Officer at , do well to upskill KPMG International “Generative AI is an increasingly hot topic in boardrooms, with leaders looking to better understand its potential and how to implement this technology in their business strategies. The challenge is spending the money in the right places, and having the right skills to fully exploit the opportunities it presents.” CEOs are recognising AI’s potential in the workplace, and 70% of 1,325 surveyed across 11 markets say they are investing heavily in generative AI to maintain a competitive edge for the future. No matter what level you’re at, if you’re up for a new challenge in an AI-related role, visit the today. Or start your search with these three roles: HackerNoon Job Board AI Architect, Salesforce, Dallas Join the Salesforce team as an AI Architect and inspire the future of business by combining AI, data and CRM to help its customers connect with their customers in a whole new way. Currently, Salesforce is seeking a transformative with a strong emphasis on machine learning (ML) design, solutioning and Gen AI, to play a pivotal role in shaping its tech landscape. Leading the organization’s ML and gen AI initiatives is for the taking. A related technical degree is required, as is proven experience as an Enterprise Architect or a similar senior technical role, and a track record of building large-scale innovative AI products and solutions. . Enterprise Architect Read more here AI Engineer, Cohere, San Francisco Cohere was founded by three global leaders in AI development, including its CEO, Aidan Gomez who co-created Transformer, which makes large language models possible. Plus, its research team is world-renowned, having contributed to the development of sentence transformers for semantic search, dynamic adversarial data collection and red teaming, and retrieval augmented generation (“RAG”). Needless to say, it’s an exciting time to join the San Francisco-based team, which is currently hiring an to work directly with customers to understand their problems, and to design and implement solutions using LLMs. The successful candidate will deliver products early, like start-up CTOs do, and will disrupt the hottest industry and institutions globally. . AI Engineer Find out more AI Infrastructure Engineer, Intel, Santa Clara Intel is making major bets on the future of AI, especially in data center computing, and is developing its Datacenter and AI Solutions (DAIS) focus to span data center workloads from generative AI and deep learning to analytics, HPC and graphics. It is currently hiring for an to be a technical expert on all accelerator products, co-working with customers on their data center design with DAIS accelerators, including rack, power, network, storage, cooling and CPU hosts, and to advise on customers’ systems. The ideal candidate will have a strong understanding of ecosystem players––OxM, ISV and partners, plus strong communication skills and a willingness to work in cross-functional teams. . AI Infrastructure Engineer Apply here Accelerate your career in tech today via the HackerNoon Job Board

AI-Related Entry-level Roles Offer 128% Higher Salaries

এআই-সম্পর্কিত এন্ট্রি-লেভেল রোল 128% উচ্চতর বেতন অফার করে

KI-bezogene Einstiegspositionen bieten 128 % höhere Gehälter

Los puestos de nivel básico relacionados con la IA ofrecen salarios un 128% más altos

Les postes de débutant liés à l'IA offrent des salaires 128 % plus élevés

एआई-संबंधित प्रवेश-स्तर की भूमिकाएँ 128% अधिक वेतन प्रदान करती हैं

AI関連の初級職は128%高い給与を提供

AI 관련 신입직 역할은 128% 더 높은 급여를 제공합니다.

Funções de nível básico relacionadas à IA oferecem salários 128% mais altos

Должности начального уровня, связанные с искусственным интеллектом, предлагают на 128% более высокую зарплату

Yapay Zeka ile İlgili Giriş Seviyesi Rolleri %128 Daha Yüksek Maaşlar Sunuyor

Các vai trò cấp độ đầu vào liên quan đến AI mang lại mức lương cao hơn 128%

AI 相关入门级职位的薪资提高 128%

SALARIUM

salarium.com

51-200 employees

Since 2013

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SALARIUM

EVERGREEN INDEX #9587

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SALARIUM

salarium.com

51-200 employees

Since 2013

COMPANY RANKING

SALARIUM

EVERGREEN INDEX #9587

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