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Business English: A Practice Book by Rose Buhlig is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . INTERESTING WORDS here INTERESTING WORDS Business English is the expression of our commercial life in English. It is not synonymous with letter writing. To be sure, business letters are important, but they form only a part of one of the two large divisions into which the subject naturally falls. First, there is , important because so many of our business transactions are conducted personally. Thousands of salesmen daily move from place to place over the entire country, earning their salaries by talking convincingly of the goods that they have to sell. A still greater number of clerks, salesmen, managers, and officials orally transact business in our shops, stores, offices, and banks. Complaints are adjusted; difficulties are disentangled; and affairs of magnitude are consummated in personal interviews, the matter under discussion often being thought too important to be entrusted to correspondence. In every business oral English is essential. oral expression Second, there is . This takes account of the writing of advertisements, circulars, booklets, and prospectuses, as well as of letters. And in the preparation of these oral English is fundamental. It precedes and practically includes the written expression. For example, we say colloquially that a good advertisement "talks." We mean that the writer has so fully realized the buyer's point of view that the words of the advertisement seem to speak directly to the reader, arousing his interest or perhaps answering his objection. Oral English is fundamental, too, in the writing of letters, for most letters are dictated and not written. The correspondent dictates them to his stenographer or to a recording machine in the same tone, probably, that he would use if the customer were sitting before him. written expression But in taking this point of view, we should not minimize the importance of written business English. In a way, it is more difficult to write well than it is to talk well. In talking we are not troubled with the problems of correct spelling, proper punctuation, and good paragraphing. We may even repeat somewhat, if only we are persuasive. But in writing we are confronted with the necessity of putting the best thoughts into the clearest, most concise language, at the same time obeying all the rules of spelling, punctuation, and grammar. The business man must be sure of these details in order to know that his letters and advertising matter are correct. The stenographer, especially, must be thoroughly familiar with them, so that she may correctly transcribe what has been dictated. Business English is much the same as any other English. It consists in expression by means of words, sentences, and paragraphs. Moreover, they are much the same kind of words, sentences, and paragraphs that appear in any book that is written in what is commonly called the literary style. In a business letter the words are largely those of every day use, and but few are technical. It is the manner in which the words are put together, the idea back of the sentence, that makes the only difference. We shall begin the study of business English with a study of words, for in all expression, whether oral or written, a knowledge of words, of their meaning and suggestive power, is fundamental. On the choice of words depends not only the correctness but also the effectiveness of expression—the courtesy of a letter, the appeal of an advertisement, the persuasiveness of a salesman's talk. A mastery of words cannot be gained at once. Every time one speaks, he must consider what words will best convey his idea. In this chapter only the barest beginning of such study can be made. The exercises show the value of the subject. The study of words is interesting because words themselves are interesting. Sometimes the interest consists in the story of the derivation. As an example, consider the word . Many words in this book are written in italic to draw attention to them. Literally the word means "relating to Italy or its people." It is now applied to a kind of type in which the letters slope toward the right. The type was called italic because it was dedicated to the states of Italy by the inventor, Manutius, about the year 1500. An unabridged dictionary will tell all about the word. italic The word tells a curious story. It is derived from a Latin word, , meaning "salt money." It was the name of the money that was given to the Roman soldiers for salt, which was a part of their pay. Finally, instead of signifying only the salt money, it came to mean the total pay. salary salarium Practically all of this information a good dictionary gives. In other words, a dictionary is a story book containing not one, but hundreds of thousands of stories. Whenever possible it tells what language a word came from, how it got its different meanings, and how those meanings have changed in the course of time. For it is natural that words should change just as styles change, names of ancient things being lost and names for new things being made. As the objects themselves have gone out of use, their names have also gone. When a word has gone entirely out of use, it is marked in the dictionary. On the other hand, new inventions must be named. Thus new words are constantly being added to the language and the dictionary because they are needed. obsolete There is a large class of words that we shall not have time to consider. They are called . Every profession, business, or trade has its distinctive words. The technical words that a printer would use are entirely different from those which a dentist, a bookkeeper, or a lawyer would use. You will learn the technical terms of your business most thoroughly after you enter it and see the use for such terms. technical None of the words, therefore, that you will be asked to search out in the dictionary are, strictly speaking, technical. It is evident that it will do you no good to search out the words in the dictionary, unless you learn them—unless you use them correctly in speaking and writing. There is pleasure in thus employing new material, as everybody knows. Use your eyes and ears. When you hear a new word, or read one, focus the mind upon it for a moment until you can retain a mental picture of its spelling and of its pronunciation. Then as soon as possible look it up in the dictionary to fix its spelling, pronunciation, and definition. Do this regularly, and you will have reason to be proud of your vocabulary. An excellent way to increase the number of words that you know is to read the right kind of books. The careful study of the words used in the speeches and addresses of noted men is good practice. The conditions that called forth the speech were probably important, and the speech itself interesting, or it would not be preserved. When a man has an interesting or important message to give, he usually gives it in clear, exact, simple language. Therefore the vocabulary that he uses is worth copying. As for stories, there is a kind that furnishes a wealth of material that modern authors are constantly using or referring to, and this is found in stories of the Bible, stories of Greek and Northern gods and goddesses, stories of the , the , the , stories of chivalry—all old stories. Every one should know them well, because they are the basis of many allusions in which a single word oftentimes suggests a whole story. The meaning of the word , for instance, is missed if you do not know the story of Hercules and know that he was famous for his strength. Iliad Odyssey Æneid herculean Exercise 1 is an interesting word. Originally it was the name of a Greek god, who carried the world on his shoulders. Then it is supposed that in the sixteenth century the famous geographer Mercator prefixed his collection of maps with the picture of Atlas supporting the world. Thus a collection of maps in a volume came to be called an . Consult an unabridged dictionary for the origin of each of the following: Atlas atlas rival fortune cereal boycott dollar finance china derrick bankrupt milliner java mercury cash pullman cashmere colossal mint grocer macadam turbine Exercise 2 The days of the week and the months of the year are interesting in their derivation. Monday, for example, represents the day sacred to the Moon as a deity. Explain the origin of each of the following: Sunday Saturday May October Tuesday January June November Wednesday February July December Thursday March August Friday April September Exercise 3 Look up the derivation of the following: cancel bead ambition hospital pecuniary paper influence pavilion cheat book virtue mackintosh speculation bayonet peevish chapel phaëton tawdry disaster omnibus Exercise 4 Explain the origin of each of the following: curfew tulip turquoise good-bye pompadour aster amethyst dismal hyacinth dunce tantalize titanic dandelion humor umbrella volcano dahlia villain sandwich tangle begonia echo lunatic babble Exercise 5 Name the image that each of the following suggests to you: howl sputter rasping munch skim prance clatter trickle squeal click wheeze shuffle moan thud trudge bulge squeak patter chuckle gobble squawk spatter toddling swish Exercise 6 Bring to class a list of words which, because they are the names of modern inventions, have come into the language in modern time. Exercise 7 How many words can you name which might be called the technical terms of school life, words which always carry with them a suggestion of the school room? Bring in a list of twenty such words. Exercise 8 How many words can you name which are used only in the business world? Bring in a list of twenty such words. Exercise 9 How many words can you name which apply particularly to money and the payment or non-payment of money? Bring in a list of twenty or more such words. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Rose Buhlig (2011). Business English: A Practice Book. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/38046/pg38046-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html

INTERESTING WORDS

With the Death of Cash, Privacy Faces a Deeply Uncertain Future

Dedicated to Anderson's Bookshops

This story was originally published on by and ; contributed reporting. ProPublica Peter Elkind Jack Gillum Doris Burke On Feb. 16, less than two weeks after a mysterious attacker made headlines around the world by hacking a water treatment plant in Oldsmar, Florida, and nearly generating a mass poisoning, the city’s mayor declared victory. “This is a success story,” Mayor Eric Seidel told the City Council in Oldsmar, a Tampa suburb of 15,000, after acknowledging “some deficiencies.” As he put it, “our protocols, monitoring protocols, worked. Our staff executed them to perfection. And as the city manager said, there were other backups. ... We were breached, there’s no question. And we’ll make sure that doesn’t happen again. But it’s a success story.” Two council members congratulated the mayor, noting his turn at the press conference where the hack was disclosed. “Even on TV, you were fantastic,” said one. “Success” is not the word that cybersecurity experts use to describe the Oldsmar episode. They view the breach as a case study in digital ineptitude, a frightening near-miss and an example of how the managers of water systems continue to downplay or ignore years of increasingly dire warnings. The experts say the sorts of rudimentary vulnerabilities revealed in the breach — including the lack of an internet firewall and the use of shared passwords and outdated software — are common among America’s 151,000 public water systems. “Frankly, they got very lucky,” said retired Adm. Mark Montgomery, executive director of the federal Cyberspace Solarium Commission, which Congress established in 2018 to upgrade the nation’s defenses against major cyberattacks. Montgomery likened the Oldsmar outcome to a pilot landing a plane after an engine caught fire during a flight. “They shouldn’t celebrate like Tom Brady winning the Super Bowl,” he said. “They didn’t win a game. They averted a disaster through a lot of good fortune.” The motive and identity of the hackers, foreign or domestic, remain unknown. But Montgomery and other experts say a more sophisticated hacker than the one in Oldsmar, who attempted to boost the quantity of lye in the drinking water to dangerous levels, could have wreaked havoc. They’re skeptical of the city’s assurances that “redundant” electronic monitors at the plant protected citizens from any possible harm. “If the attackers could break into the lye controls,” Montgomery said, “don’t you think they could break into the alarm system and alter the checkpoints? It’s a mistake to think a hacker could not introduce contaminated water into our water systems.” Oldsmar officials, citing the ongoing investigation, declined ProPublica’s requests for an interview or to address emailed questions about the city’s cybersecurity practices. The consequences of a major water system breach could be calamitous: thousands sickened from poisoned drinking water; panic over interrupted supplies; widespread flooding; burst pipes and streams of overflowing sewage. (This is not merely theoretical. In 2000, a former municipal wastewater contractor in Australia, rejected for a city job, remotely manipulated computer control systems to , which poured into public parks, turned creek water black, spilled onto the grounds of a Hyatt Regency Hotel and generated a stench that investigators called “unbearable.” The man was sentenced to two years in prison.) release 264,000 gallons of raw sewage In congressional testimony on March 10, Eric Goldstein, cybersecurity chief for the federal Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, described the Oldsmar incident as illustrating “the gravest risk that CISA sees from a national standpoint.” He said it should be “a clarion call for this country for the risk that we face from cyberintrusions into these critical systems.” Grave warnings have sounded for years. As far back as 2011, a Department of Homeland Security alert advised that hackers could gain access to American water systems using “readily available and generally free” internet search tools. Such admonitions have abounded in recent years. Booz Allen Hamilton’s 2019 “Cyber Threat Outlook” called America’s water utilities “a perfect target” for cyberattacks; a 2020 Journal of Environmental Engineering review found “an increase in the frequency, diversity, and complexity of cyberthreats to the water sector”; and the Cyberspace Solarium Commission’s March 2020 report warned that America’s water systems “remain largely ill-prepared to defend their networks from cyber-enabled disruption.” Despite the warnings, and some high-profile breaches dating back a decade, the federal government has largely left cyberdefense to the water utilities. For years, it relied on voluntary industry measures, dismissing any need for new regulation. Then, in 2018, Congress included a provision addressing cybersecurity in a that covered everything from river levee repairs to grants for school water fountains. 129-page water bill The requirements were less than demanding. Every U.S. water system serving more than 3,300 customers was obliged to conduct a self-assessment of the risks and resilience of its physical and electronic systems and prepare an emergency-response plan. Different-sized utilities got different deadlines; for the smallest covered by the law, such as Oldsmar, the self-assessment must be done by June 30, 2021, more than two and a half years after the law was signed. (Oldsmar had completed its cybersecurity review by early November but hadn’t yet incorporated its recommendations in the city’s emergency response plan before the February hack, according to a statement provided by the city manager.) Tens of thousands of U.S. water systems with fewer than 3,300 customers were exempted entirely from the law’s requirements. Those utilities required to perform a self-assessment were not obliged to submit a report to any government agencies. The utilities merely had to attest to the Environmental Protection Agency that they had conducted the assessment. The 2018 legislation also provided $30 million for grants to help water districts deal with “risk and resilience” problems, including cyberattacks. But Congress never appropriated that money. The water provisions fall far short of federal requirements (including penalties for violating those rules) and funding aimed at protecting electricity infrastructure, according to Montgomery. “An assessment’s a good thing,” he said. “But this is well short of what we require from energy companies. We have developed a tool for self-identification of problems. But if you’re really bad at cybersecurity, I’m not sure your self-identification is going to solve the problem.” He also pointed to low staffing at the EPA’s Water Security Division. “The water security office is a handful of people, probably three,” Montgomery said. “It historically has not done much, if any, cybersecurity work. This is the product of 20 years of low prioritization.” The agency’s on “Drinking Water Infrastructure Needs,” submitted in 2018, identified $472.6 billion in long-term priorities, but it didn’t mention the word “cybersecurity” once in its 75 pages. most recent report to Congress An EPA official, speaking on the condition of anonymity, agreed that the agency had only “a small team” devoted to water cybersecurity but said Oldsmar “and other recent incidents have highlighted the importance of the priority and the investments we need to make.” The origins of the problem are clear. The vast majority of the nation’s water systems are small and publicly owned, with limited resources and aging infrastructure. As they turned to digital systems and monitors to boost efficiency while saving money and staff, they failed to install the safeguards and carry out employee training needed to secure the resulting vulnerabilities. “Every one of them had one guiding principle over the last 50 years: increased automation to lower the size of the workforce to keep costs down,” Montgomery said. “Along with that, there should have been an investment in the cybersecurity of the infrastructure. But that did not happen.” Traditionally focused on physical risks, such as natural hazards, burst pipes and on-site intruders, most water systems also have . little or no in-house IT staff The pandemic, which encouraged remote management, has only made the problem worse. In testimony last month to the House Homeland Security Committee, former CISA Director Chris Krebs called Oldsmar’s vulnerability “probably the rule rather than the exception. ... These are municipal facilities that do not have sufficient resources to have robust security programs. That’s just the way it goes.” The industrial control systems that water districts use to manage valves, pipes and other infrastructure are notoriously open to attack. A 2018 study by IBM and a private security company found 17 major vulnerabilities in equipment widely deployed in “smart cities,” a term that refers to municipalities that manage a wide array of their systems — anything from water treatment plants to parking meters and street lamps — via the Internet. Among the security problems: Every product the group examined was still using the default passwords (such as “admin”) they came with in the box, allowing “even the most novice hacker to easily gain access to these devices.” A 2018 study by the firm Positive Technologies reported that it was able to penetrate nearly three-fourths of industrial organizations it investigated, revealing gaps offering hackers “plenty of opportunity to access critical equipment.” The most common vulnerabilities: remote-access networks, obvious passwords and software so old that the manufacturer had stopped making fixes to protect against intruders. The report found that vulnerabilities known for years often “remain untouched, because organizations are afraid to make any changes that might cause downtime.” These industrial control systems are considered such obvious targets that hacking contests use them as quarry. At the DEFCON computer security conference, an “ICS Village” let curious programmers try to break into devices set up inside a Las Vegas hotel room — demos not connected to real-life systems — in an effort to expose weaknesses. At the event in 2018, one water pipe control system, likely used for a commercial building, had its computer screen defaced with graffiti-type messages. The exact number of attacks on water utilities remains unknown. Many go undetected or unreported, and no federal law requires disclosure, even to regulators or law enforcement. Michael Arceneaux, managing director of the Water Information Sharing and Analysis Center, an industry group promoting cybersecurity, said water systems often refuse to reveal breaches, even to his group, out of fear that they will somehow reveal their vulnerabilities to other hackers. “It’s not something members wanted potentially floating around in some database.” The episodes that have been made public reveal a growing array of threats, from random vandalism and disgruntled employees to identity theft and ransomware. In Oldsmar, for example, the FBI and the Pinellas County Sheriff’s Office, which are jointly investigating, have already revealed multiple lapses. The attack took place at the city’s water treatment plant, which purifies groundwater for drinking using filters and chemicals, including small amounts of sodium hydroxide. Commonly known as lye, it is used to reduce the water’s acidity. (In considerably stronger concentrations, sodium hydroxide is also a chief ingredient in drain cleaner.) The hack began around 8 a.m. on Feb. 5, when a plant operator noticed someone had remotely accessed the computer system that monitors and controls the chemical levels added to the water. The hackers entered through a remote access software program called TeamViewer. The city had actually replaced TeamViewer six months earlier, but it never disconnected the program, according to county Sheriff Bob Gualtieri. Logging into the system remotely was a breeze: The water plant’s computers all used a single shared password, required no two-factor verification and had no firewall in place protecting the controls from the internet, according to FBI findings described in a Massachusetts state . advisory A final vulnerability: All the computers were still running on Windows 7, a decade-old, discontinued operating system; Microsoft had stopped issuing regular software updates to plug its security vulnerabilities in January 2020. After noticing the hacker’s morning log-in, Gualtieri later said at the press conference, the plant operator “didn’t think much of it” and didn’t contact anyone since other city employees routinely accessed the system remotely. (It’s not clear why the attacker’s use of the replaced TeamViewer software didn’t immediately raise concern.) The hacker reappeared about 1:30 p.m., this time visibly taking over the computer, mousing around for three to five minutes and opening the plant’s control system software. After ratcheting up the water’s sodium hydroxide level from 100 parts per million to 1,100 parts per million, the intruder departed. After watching all this, the Oldsmar plant operator quickly lowered the sodium hydroxide level and called his boss. The city contacted the county sheriff’s office nearly three hours later, at 4:17 p.m., according to an incident report on the event. Oldsmar officials maintained that the public was never in danger. They noted that it would have taken at least 24 hours for poisoned water to start flowing out of kitchen taps, and that even if the onsite operator hadn’t intervened, the plant had backup systems monitoring the water’s chemical balance that would have sounded alarms long before then. A small number of other incidents present the nightmarish “what-if” scenarios that scare experts, particularly from so-called state actors. Both Russia and Iran have been implicated in such accounts, according to government reports and legal actions. One such episode occurred in 2013, when a state-backed hacker sitting at his keyboard in Iran breached the computer controls at the Bowman Dam in suburban Rye, New York, with a presumed plan to open the sluice gates. The gates happened to have been manually disconnected at the time for maintenance, and the dam was actually just a narrow, 20-foot-high structure holding back a babbling brook. Federal intelligence officials speculated that the Iranians had actually intended to seize controls at the massive Arthur R. Bowman Dam in Oregon, where similar actions would have flooded thousands of homes. later charged that the Bowman Dam hacker worked for Iran’s Revolutionary Guard and was part of a seven-man team that successfully breached America’s biggest banks, paralyzing their computer servers and blocking customers from accessing their accounts online. A federal indictment The hacker remains at large, and on the FBI’s . In 2019, Revolutionary Guard hackers struck again, deploying malware to launch an ultimately unsuccessful attack on a municipal water system in Israel. “most wanted” list In recent years, three U.S. states — New York, New Jersey and Connecticut — decided to go beyond the federal rules and adopted tougher cybersecurity measures for the water utilities within their borders. After passing new legislation, New Jersey required all public water systems with internet-connected controls to develop a cybersecurity risk-mitigation plan within 120 days, submit it to the state, create a process for reporting all cyberattacks and join a special state-government clearinghouse promoting strong cybersecurity practices. Connecticut launched a “Cybersecurity Action Plan” and began holding private annual meetings with each of the state’s largest water (and other) utilities to scrutinize the adequacy of their cyberdefenses. For its part, New York amended its public health law to require water systems to conduct assessments of their susceptibility to cyberattacks and submit them to the state within a year. A team at the state comptroller’s office has also conducted seven cybersecurity audits of municipal water systems, in each case posting the audit publicly while reserving some findings for confidential briefings to avoid offering hackers a road map of vulnerabilities. Its audit of the city of Syracuse’s water system, for example, found shared user passwords and accounts that hadn’t been disabled long after employees left the city. The Binghamton audit discovered a video on the water department’s own webpage showcasing the treatment plant’s controls. “There’s a tremendous amount of work that needs to be done to shore up the systems,” said assistant New York state comptroller Randy Partridge, who oversees the water system audits. Since January 2019, he said, his auditors have issued 239 findings at various municipal facilities (including water systems) regarding weak password security alone. “It’s a health and safety risk for any resident that lives in our local government. No community can really survive for any length of time without access to potable water.” Arthur House, who served as Connecticut’s chief cybersecurity risk officer, said: “I hope it doesn’t take the poisoning of a lot of people or a catastrophic shutdown for people to say, ‘Omigosh, this is serious.’ The federal government has to have a role on this. You cannot leave something that would cripple us as a country solely in the hands of 50 different states.” Photo by on Thomas Kinto Unsplash

America’s Drinking Water Isn't Protected Enough

The Ray of Madness

El rayo de la locura

Le rayon de la folie

पागलपन की किरण

レイ・オブ・マッドネス

O Raio da Loucura

疯狂之光

Cryptocurrency companies use certain strategies to attract users, developers and investors. Various types of activity contribute to the development of their ecosystem: hackathons, tournaments and contests. What contests are held by Solana, Near, Cosmos and FreeTON? Let's take a look at the largest and most ambitious events. $1 Million from Solana Blockchain Solana Season, which ran from May 15 to June 7, 2021, is one of the largest hackathons in IT history. More than 13,000 developers took part in the event, and 350 projects were presented to the jury. The event was hosted by the Solana Foundation, a non-profit organization dedicated to the development of Solana. Hackathon goals: • selection and implementation of the best DeFi, NFT, Web3 project in the Solana ecosystem; • attracting users and developers to the Solana blockchain The prize pool of $ 1 million was distributed among 39 teams. The Grand Prize Winner of the Solana Season Hackathon was Zeta, an under-collateralized DeFi options platform built on the Solana blockchain. The team received $ 30,000 and a special prize - two tickets to the Solana event in Lisbon and $ 1,500 for a flight. The best DeFi Project was Solend, an algorithmic decentralized protocol for lending and borrowing. The prize was $ 20,000. The best NFT Project was Coral Reef, an NFT marketplace with the ability to Fractionalize. The prize was $ 20,000. The best Web3 project was Solarium, a decentralized, end-to-end encrypted, censorship-resistant instant messenger based on the Solana blockchain. The team received $ 20,000. The Community Choice Award went to Boring Protocol, a decentralized VPN service on the Solana blockchain. The project includes a P2P marketplace and provides traffic anonymity. The team received $ 5,000. $50 for each participant and more for the winners From The Cosmos Blockchain HackAtom RU 2021 is an event organized by Tendermint, Citizen Cosmos and Cyber Academy. More than 150 developers participated in this marathon. Hackathon goals: • development of the Cosmos ecosystem using DeFi, NFT projects and the IBC protocol • translation of Cosmos documentation into Russian The main prize pool was $ 20,000. $8,000 - for the development of a DeFi product using IBC. $5,000 - for the best NFT product on the Cosmos blockchain. $5,000 - for creating a product using IBC. $1,000 - for winning the Community Choice category Participants who completed the tasks of sponsors received special prizes. The sponsorship prize pool was $ 25,000. Each contestant received a $ 50 Cosmos store certificate. First and Budget Option From Near Hack the Rainbow is the first hackathon on the Near blockchain. More than 400 developers took part in the competition, and more than 80 applications were submitted. The main goal of the competition is to create projects that interact with the Rainbow Bridge cross-chain solution to provide interaction between the Ethereum and Near ecosystems. The YNEAR project was recognized as the best solution. YNEAR uses the Rainbow Bridge to create derivatives based on NEAR betting. Users can earn yNEAR tokens by staking NEAR tokens on specific validators, and the yNEAR amount is adjusted to accumulate validator rewards. By transferring yNEAR to Ethereum through the Rainbow Bridge, token holders can take advantage of the diverse capabilities of DeFi projects. A small commission in the form of validator rewards will be collected into the treasury, with the help of which all holders of yNEAR tokens can participate in governance and project initiatives. The prize for the first place was 10,000 NEAR tokens + 1,000 DAI - about $ 22,000 at the time of the article's release. In addition, teams that developed the following solutions received 6,000 NEAR + 6,000 DAI tokens (about $ 14,000) each: • AMM-NEARswap protocol. Allows users to safely and efficiently exchange NEAR and Ethereum assets • NEARBook is a chain order book implemented using the Rust programming language. By “chain” we mean that the matching mechanism is implemented as a smart contract on the nearest blockchain. He is using the Rainbow Bridge to leverage Ethereum assets in the NearBook. • Advanced Fungible is a modern, safe and convenient token standard for the NEAR protocol. Aims at fixing some of the issues with previous token implementations, especially ERC-20 and NEP-21. • Intoo TV is a platform for live broadcasting in P2P format. • Influences is a decentralized social network that allows fans to follow specific influencers for a monthly fee. • Vital Point-DAO - Moloch v2 port for NEAR that can be whitelisted or integrated with any NEP-21 token. More than 150 Contests per Year and Huge Prizes from Free TON Blockchain During the year, about 160 contests of various levels of complexity and specialization were held in the Free TON community: from the Free TON video presentation contest to the development of NFT platforms. Validator tournaments, development, design, testing contests - these tools are used by the Free TON ecosystem to create a meritocratic community management system. Rewards are paid in the native currency Free TON - TON Crystal. Here are some examples of recent and upcoming competitions. NFT marketplace NFT is a new, fast-growing crypto trend. NFT technology is interesting not only for authors and collectors, but also for traders with investors. The cost of individual NTF tokens - collectible cards, game artifacts, virtual digital art - is staggering. Specialized trading platforms are used to sell and buy NFTs. The NFT marketplace competition was dedicated to their creation. The main goal of the competition was to develop an NTF platform, through which members of the Free TON community would be able to fully work with NFT: create, sell and buy. Prize-winning competition: 1st place - 150,000 TON Crystal - about $67,500 2nd place - 120,000 TON Crystal - about $54,000 3rd place - 100,000 TON Crystal - about $45,000 4th place - 30,000 TON Crystal - about $13,500 5th place - 30,000 TON Crystal - about $13,500 The winner of the competition is the Drozd.red team, with the Grandbazar trading platform. The platform impressed the judges of the competition with its modern and laconic design, as well as the simplicity and convenience of the interface. The jury members highly appreciated the functionality of the Grandbazar platform and the integration of the site with ExtraTON. Implementation of online auctions On July 26, the competition for the creation of an auction system based on Free TON smart contracts ended. While voting is in progress and the winners have not yet been determined, the size of the reward is known: 1st place - 50,000 TON Crystal - about $21,500 2nd place - 35,000 TON Crystal - about $15,050 3rd place - 20,000 TON Crystal - about $8,600 4th place - 15,000 TON Crystal - about $6,450 5th place - 10,000 TON Crystal - about $4,300 Voting audit in Latin America The contest for the creation of a system of decentralized voting audit for elections in Latin America has ended. The solution to a non-trivial problem is highly appreciated: 1st place - 200,000 TON Crystal - about $86,000 2nd place - 150,000 TON Crystal - about $67,500 3rd place - 100,000 TON Crystal - about $43,000 4th place - 75,000 TON Crystals - about $32,250 5th place - 50,000 TON Crystals - about $21,500 6th to 10th place - 25,000 TON Crystals - about $10,750 Ethereum↔FreeTON Bridge NFT A few days later, the EthereumFTFreeTON Bridge NFT contest starts. You can take part in it by leaving an application in the period from 08/01/2021 to 09/15/2021. The main task of the contest is to develop an application with which it will be possible to freely move NFT tokens between the Free TON and Ethereum blockchains. 1st place - 100,000 TON Crystal - about $45,000 2nd place - 75,000 TON Crystal - about $34,000 3rd place - 50,000 TON Crystal - about $22,500 4th place - 40,000 TON Crystal - about $18,000 5th place - 30,000 TON Crystal - about $13,500 In the Free TON project, a large share of TON Crystal tokens is distributed among the most active members of the community through contests. The size of the prize pool of Free TON contests can surprise even seasoned crypto enthusiasts. As you can see, Free TON prize contests are usually several times larger than in similar contests of other blockchains. With this approach, it is possible that in the near future new serious developers from ecosystems of other blockchains will come to the Free TON ecosystem.

Contests and Hackathons in Blockchain: An Overview

What I Would Have Missed in May 2017

By Amanda Kavanagh While salaries in tech have always been pretty comfortable, AI-related roles are really upping the ante, according to a . new report from Bizreport By analyzing job specs from eight different websites, and combining this with data from the , the report shows in hard figures just how much AI is reshaping the American job market. Bureau of Labor Statistics Not only do AI-related jobs offer 78% higher pay than other occupations, the difference is most notable in more junior positions. Those beginning AI-related jobs at entry level were offered salaries 128% higher than other occupations, and this fell to 58% for mid-level and 47% for senior roles. Clearly, there is strong demand and value placed on AI skills, but sometimes comparing salaries for tech and non-tech roles is like comparing apples and oranges. Widening Pay Gap The report shows the pay gap between tech jobs and other roles has widened by 36% due to AI, and in 2024, there will be potentially 131,000 AI-related jobs in the computer science industry. The AI business is booming and both graduates and more established employees would . According to Lisa Heneghan, Global Chief Digital Officer at , do well to upskill KPMG International “Generative AI is an increasingly hot topic in boardrooms, with leaders looking to better understand its potential and how to implement this technology in their business strategies. The challenge is spending the money in the right places, and having the right skills to fully exploit the opportunities it presents.” CEOs are recognising AI’s potential in the workplace, and 70% of 1,325 surveyed across 11 markets say they are investing heavily in generative AI to maintain a competitive edge for the future. No matter what level you’re at, if you’re up for a new challenge in an AI-related role, visit the today. Or start your search with these three roles: HackerNoon Job Board AI Architect, Salesforce, Dallas Join the Salesforce team as an AI Architect and inspire the future of business by combining AI, data and CRM to help its customers connect with their customers in a whole new way. Currently, Salesforce is seeking a transformative with a strong emphasis on machine learning (ML) design, solutioning and Gen AI, to play a pivotal role in shaping its tech landscape. Leading the organization’s ML and gen AI initiatives is for the taking. A related technical degree is required, as is proven experience as an Enterprise Architect or a similar senior technical role, and a track record of building large-scale innovative AI products and solutions. . Enterprise Architect Read more here AI Engineer, Cohere, San Francisco Cohere was founded by three global leaders in AI development, including its CEO, Aidan Gomez who co-created Transformer, which makes large language models possible. Plus, its research team is world-renowned, having contributed to the development of sentence transformers for semantic search, dynamic adversarial data collection and red teaming, and retrieval augmented generation (“RAG”). Needless to say, it’s an exciting time to join the San Francisco-based team, which is currently hiring an to work directly with customers to understand their problems, and to design and implement solutions using LLMs. The successful candidate will deliver products early, like start-up CTOs do, and will disrupt the hottest industry and institutions globally. . AI Engineer Find out more AI Infrastructure Engineer, Intel, Santa Clara Intel is making major bets on the future of AI, especially in data center computing, and is developing its Datacenter and AI Solutions (DAIS) focus to span data center workloads from generative AI and deep learning to analytics, HPC and graphics. It is currently hiring for an to be a technical expert on all accelerator products, co-working with customers on their data center design with DAIS accelerators, including rack, power, network, storage, cooling and CPU hosts, and to advise on customers’ systems. The ideal candidate will have a strong understanding of ecosystem players––OxM, ISV and partners, plus strong communication skills and a willingness to work in cross-functional teams. . AI Infrastructure Engineer Apply here Accelerate your career in tech today via the HackerNoon Job Board

AI-Related Entry-level Roles Offer 128% Higher Salaries

এআই-সম্পর্কিত এন্ট্রি-লেভেল রোল 128% উচ্চতর বেতন অফার করে

KI-bezogene Einstiegspositionen bieten 128 % höhere Gehälter

Los puestos de nivel básico relacionados con la IA ofrecen salarios un 128% más altos

Les postes de débutant liés à l'IA offrent des salaires 128 % plus élevés

एआई-संबंधित प्रवेश-स्तर की भूमिकाएँ 128% अधिक वेतन प्रदान करती हैं

AI関連の初級職は128%高い給与を提供

AI 관련 신입직 역할은 128% 더 높은 급여를 제공합니다.

Funções de nível básico relacionadas à IA oferecem salários 128% mais altos

Должности начального уровня, связанные с искусственным интеллектом, предлагают на 128% более высокую зарплату

Yapay Zeka ile İlgili Giriş Seviyesi Rolleri %128 Daha Yüksek Maaşlar Sunuyor

Các vai trò cấp độ đầu vào liên quan đến AI mang lại mức lương cao hơn 128%

AI 相关入门级职位的薪资提高 128%

Salaries for software developers all across Europe did indeed grow in 2023. The question is: did they grow enough? With the tech crisis from 2022 still lurking around the corner (the year with the most tech layoffs in Europe), it’s interesting to see how each country reacted to the tech freeze and if salaries were able to win the inflation battle. This article is part of a longer report about the state of developer salaries in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, the Netherlands, and Spain. You can read the full report here. Salaries in DACH The salaries of tech professionals in Germany grew in 2023 by just 1.5%, which is a very moderate increase when we factor in the average inflation rate in 2023, which is around . 8.3% According to the , the steep inflation rates put everyone’s purchasing power into negative territory. Federal Statistical Office of Germany Which tech roles receive the highest paychecks in Germany? Following tech leads, DevOps engineers and backend developers receive the highest salary offers from companies in Germany. The role of DevOps engineer could be considered this year’s ‘role on the rise’, with more and more positions opening and more companies requiring their services. Which city pays the best buck? Berlin is offering the most money to developers, while Hamburg offers the lowest salaries. If you want to know more about salary trends in Germany check out our special Germany 2023 Salary Report with more charts and tables that will satisfy your every need. Read the full GERMANY 2023 Salary Report here! Austria The salary landscape looks similar in . Salaries are up, but only by around 1.3%. Austria In 2023, the average offered salary in Austria was while salary expectations were closer to Unlike Germany, Austrian companies showed a preference for fullstack developers, while backend developers occupied second place. €61,400, €63,500. Read the full AUSTRIA 2023 Salary Report here! Switzerland And lastly, we come to , which is offering developers a lot of money. Swiss tech salaries grew in 2023, and one of the most noticeable insights was how low salary expectations were for yet another year. Switzerland Software developers in Switzerland asked for money than the average salary offer. 22% less As you can see, Switzerland is winning the salary race. But don’t be too hasty to pack your bags. The living cost is the highest of all countries examined in this report. Read the full SWITZERLAND 2023 Salary Report here! Salaries in the Netherlands 2023 has also been a year of growth for the salaries of developers based in the Netherlands. Specifically, the average salary grew by 2.4% in 2023, reaching . That’s a conservative but steady increase when we look at the numbers from the past five years. €63,000 Since 2018, the average wages for developers based in the Netherlands have seen a 12% increase. Read the full NETHERLANDS 2023 Salary Report here! Salaries in Spain Out of all the countries examined in our report, Spain is the one where we see the biggest salary discrepancies. The average salary is much lower, close to , however, the cost of living is also considerably lower. €53,000 That means that developers living in Spain will still be enjoying a high quality of life. Read the full SPAIN 2023 Salary Report here! Most Popular Tech Role in Europe When it comes to demand, there are two tech roles fighting over the popularity award. To determine , we checked which roles received the most interview invites in each country. demand And without further ado... Companies based in Europe seem to have a sweet spot for backend developers. Their demand is high all across the countries studied in our report. After backend, fullstack is the second most sought-after tech role. Now, that doesn’t mean that these roles are also receiving the highest salaries across the board. It means that companies have more open roles for backend and fullstack developers. Other roles, like the role of DevOps engineer, might not be as sought after as backend/frontend/fullstack developers, but it’s a specialty growing in demand by the minute and with a much smaller supply of engineers. And do you know what small supply means? Higher salaries. There are many more interesting insights to discover in the full report. Metrics like , and then some more. salary expectations vs. salary offers, the gender pay gap, salaries by role and years of experience Get the FULL Salary Report 2023 and discover Europe's developer salary trends.

Developer Salaries: Did It Grow in 2023?

Salarios de los desarrolladores: ¿Creció en 2023?

Salaires des développeurs : ont-ils augmenté en 2023 ?

डेवलपर वेतन: क्या 2023 में इसमें वृद्धि हुई?

開発者の給与: 2023 年に成長したか?

Salários do desenvolvedor: cresceu em 2023?

Lương của nhà phát triển: Nó có tăng vào năm 2023 không?

开发人员薪资：2023 年有增长吗？

Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) once managed over $200 billion in assets and served as the primary bank for many tech startups. However, in a rapid succession of events, the bank collapsed in March 2023, leaving many on both sides of the pond reeling. More than 200 UK startup entrepreneurs have written to Chancellor Jeremy Hunt warning that SVB UK's insolvency poses an ‘existential threat to the UK tech sector’. "Like everyone else, we're worried about how I'm going to make payroll at the end of the month". - Toby Mather, CEO of Lingumi. The History of SVB Founded in 1983 by Bill Biggerstaff and Robert Medearis, Silicon Valley Bank was established to provide banking and credit services to venture-backed startups. Essentially, . As the tech industry grew, so did the bank's business, expanding to include banking and loans for VC firms and publicly-traded tech companies like Roblox and Roku. It also invested in various blue-chip venture funds, as well as healthcare startups. giving credit based on future performance underwritten by being backed by a VC SVB's expertise in working with startups and its specialised venture debt and lending services made it stand out from traditional banks. Its close ties with the tech industry allowed it to understand the unique financial needs of startups and to tailor its services accordingly. This also made it easier for startups to access financing, as SVB's reputation and network within the industry made it a more attractive partner for venture capitalists and investors. In fact, . SVB banked nearly half of all U.S. venture-backed tech and healthcare startups, and its UK arm had over three thousand customers, with deposits of about £7 billion, according to the bank's data Where it Went Wrong Despite its success, there were warning signs that SVB's business model was unsustainable. One of the factors that contributed to SVB's decline was the bank's . over-reliance on short-term funding The other was rising interest rates. During the pandemic, many startups found themselves with extra cash from funding rounds when debt interest rates were at an all-time low, so they placed their deposits with SVB. With little demand for loans from this sector, SVB invested most of the money in long-term bonds. However, . This meant that , resulting in a doom loop further triggered by a lack of confidence in the bank and more withdrawals. when short-term interest rates outstripped long-term rates, many startups began to withdraw and spend their deposits the bank needed to sell some of its longer-dated bonds at a loss of a few billion to fund the withdrawals customers were making from the bank The Collapse of SVB On March 8, 2023, SVB announced that it was seeking to raise $2.5 billion to repair a hole in its balance sheet. Two days later, the US Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation announced that the bank had collapsed, leaving many tech startups concerned about how they would pay their workers and bills. In the US, the FDIC has already announced that the bank will reopen as the . Deposit Insurance National Bank of Santa Clara In both cases, as far as the public knows, no taxpayer money is involved, alleviating fears of a 2008 repeat. In the UK, acquired SVB UK for £1 in a deal facilitated by the Bank of England in consultation with the Treasury. HSBC Many are now questioning the . CEO Greg Becker received $9.9 million in compensation, while two other executives received $4.6 million and $3.6 million, respectively. Most of the compensation was in stock awards. The bank's compensation committee stated that bonuses for Becker and executives had been reduced to hold them accountable for the ‘balance sheet pressures’. It has also been revealed that both Becker and another executive sold shares of SVB the week before the bank failed. high salaries paid to its executives Conclusion Despite being a specialised bank that catered to the unique financial needs of startups, SVB's business model was unsustainable. The collapse of the bank will force startups and VCs to consider diversifying their banking relationships and venture debt structure to avoid a single point of failure. The elements of , which begs the question: unsustainable business models and lack of diversification aren’t new to failure in the banking system how much of the current financial system continues on confirmation bias and is it really working? References: https://www.axios.com/2023/03/11/silicon-valley-bank-rip https://theconversation.com/silicon-valley-bank-how-interest-rates-helped-trigger-its-collapse-and-what-central-bankers-should-do-next-201697 https://www.thisismoney.co.uk/money/markets/article-11854977/Turmoil-triggered-rising-rates.html https://www.uktech.news/news/industry-analysis/startups-survive-silicon-valley-bank-uk-disaster-20230312 https://www.wsj.com/articles/greg-becker-was-there-for-svbs-quick-rise-and-even-quicker-fall-2ff25176 https://invstr.com/svb-disaster/p=57600&utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Crunch&utm_id=Invstr+Crunch&utm_content=13march2023 https://newsletter.w3academy.io/p/financial-system-lagging-behind-internet-tech

Onlookers Question SVB Executive Salaries Following Collapse

An infographic is one of the most effective ways to share data because it helps simplify information. Just by briefly looking at a well-made infographic, you can get an overall understanding of the subject as well as catch some interesting, and not obvious, insights. More on infographics An infographic has two main aspects - content and visuals. The information included needs to be essential for the topic at hand. It should also be concise, leaving long paragraphs of text for textbooks. The look of an infographic is not any less important than the data it contains since visuals impact readers’ attention and as such how well the information is understood. Infographics can also be interactive. This is very useful, for example, if the goal is to analyze something. Interactive charts allow us to include more data in the infographic, making it even more convenient to work with. About the topic I recently researched data science salaries and thought it was a perfect subject for an infographic. It has a lot of data that needs to be analyzed and, in my opinion, is perfect for visualization. Data science is a rapidly growing field, and salary is a hot topic for all professionals regardless of their experience, which means this is not only interesting to talk about but also relevant. Tools This infographic was made using JavaScript. For visualization, I used and . Highcharts is one of the most popular charting libraries, and Flexmonster is a pivot grid with good easy-to-use data analytical features. Highcharts Flexmonster The source code for this infographic can be accessed through . GitHub Ways to analyze salaries Looking at every possible data science position and its salary is, firstly, not achievable, and secondly, not the most effective way to retract useful information. To see overall tendencies instead of particular cases, we need some measures to analyze the data against. Five factors that, in my opinion, wages depend on the most are . So I decided to use them as the basis of my analysis. job title, years of experience, region, industry, and, unfortunately, gender of a particular professional Before we compare, note that all the salaries in this article are listed in USD. By a Job Title As the data science field grows, it creates increasingly more jobs. You can often encounter different descriptions for positions with the same job titles. But just because there are too many specialties in data science doesn’t mean it’s impossible to estimate the salary for some of them. To achieve it, I picked eight most popular and used job titles in data science: Data scientist, data analyst, data architect, data engineer, machine learning engineer, machine learning scientist, business intelligence developer, and database administrator. According to data for these specialties in the US, machine learning engineering is the highest-paid job in data science today, with the average annual salary being 127k. The next two in the ranking are machine learning scientist and data scientist positions, with around 120k and 118k annually. SalaryExpert’s The chart on global average salary shows that though wage numbers may differ drastically, specialty rankings stay the same with machine learning as the highest-paid job. For different data, the sources' situation changes a little. For example, on , average annual wages for machine learning engineers and data scientists in the US equal 113k and 97,5k, accordingly, and for machine learning scientists, there’s no data. But since the machine learning specialists are ranked by salary the highest there, too, it’s safe to stick to only one data source for analysis. Remember that the wages you encounter later may vary from the data shown in this or any article on salaries. PayScale By Experience The more experience you have in a field, the higher are salary expectations. Let’s look at the chart of salary progression based on data from PayScale, Salary Expert, and Glassdoor. For less than a year of experience, all three sources report the average annual salary to be a little below 90k. But for professionals with 20+ years of experience, numbers differ. According to data, salary almost doubles and equals 174k dollars a year. On the other hand, salary Expert and PayScale’s reported wages are much less, 147k and 138k annually. This means that salary progression throughout the years of a data scientist’s career depends on much more factors than just experience. Glassdoor’s And from the second chart, we can tell that with each level of experience, salary expectations grow similarly for all specialties. By country As the first tool to analyze salary data in different countries collected from Salary Expert, I wanted to use a pivot table as it has some great and easy-to-use analytical features. I was interested in which countries out of 25 present in this dataset have annual wages above 90k and which ones fall below 25k. After applying conditional formatting, it seems that those two categories have about the same number of countries. But after sorting countries in descending order by value, it’s clear that the only countries where the average salary for every listed data science job is above 90k are the United States and Australia. While as many as four countries have annual wages only under 25k USD: Russia, India, the Philippines, and Turkey. Since Flexmonster Pivot integrates well with Highcharts, I used data from the pivot table to build line charts on top-5 and bottom-5 countries by salary expectations for data scientists. At the top, there’s the US, Australia, Germany, Canada, and Finland, and the bottom 5 are Russia, India, Ukraine, the Philippines, and Turkey. By Industry Data scientists are required in almost every industry, so knowing which ones pay the most makes sense. According to O’Reilly’s 2021 AI survey data, the highest salaries are in tech industries. Professionals working there reported the average salary to be from 164k to up to 171k. The worst paid are specialists in education with an annual wage of a little over 100k, which is still not that bad. By Gender Unfortunately, the gender pay gap still exists, so it’s important to consider it. According to the O'Reilly survey, in data science, women are paid 7 to 20 percent less compared to their male colleagues with the same job titles, regardless of their education level. As shown on the chart, although women can still get higher positions at work, they are often noticeably underpaid. Conclusion on the salaries Overall salary expectations here are pretty high, which makes pursuing a career in data science desirable for more and more people every day. But for more specific payment information, you need to consider several factors like job, experience, region, and industry. Unfortunately, professionals’ gender can also drastically influence their paycheck, but I hope it’s temporary and the situation will change over time. Conclusion on the infographic Infographics are one of the most effective ways to display data. This example was created to analyze data science salaries depending on different factors. Creating an infographic is easy, thanks to many available libraries and tools. I used different charts and a pivot table in this example, which helped structure and simplify information. It also made concluding the data much easier. Here’s the full infographic on Data Science Salaries in 2022:

A JavaScript Infographic: Data Science Salaries in 2022

Data science is one of the popular career fields that is gaining momentum. The main reason for this is better career growth and opportunities. If you are also planning to pursue data science, then this guide is for you! There are many certifications and you can apply for the . The certification should help in boosting career growth. But before we go on discussing the certification, let us look at what data science actually is! best data science certification In this article, we will be covering everything about data science - ranging from the benefits of the course to salaries. What is Data Science? Data science is the process of using advanced analytics techniques and scientific principles in order to analyze data and extract valuable information to make good decisions and plan strategically for the company. The insights generated by data science help organizations increase the efficiency of operations and help in identifying new business opportunities. There are a lot of things included in data science, i.e., data mining, machine learning, data visualization, predictive analysis, etc. Now here arises a question, i.e., why is data science important? Well, data science plays a significant role in business operations and strategies. For instance, data scientists provide deep insights regarding the consumer approach so that the company creates stronger marketing campaigns in order to improve sales. From an operational point of view, data science helps in optimizing supply chain management, product inventories, consumer service, etc. without data science, many businesses might miss opportunities to grow, thereby making flawed decisions that can bring their businesses to stand still. Let us look at the benefits of this certification. Benefits of Doing Data Science Certification High-paid Jobs (Excellent Salary) Obtaining a data science certification increases the probability of getting recruited by top companies with high-paid roles. Data science provides some of the most lucrative job positions to candidates. Earning a certification immediately makes a candidate stand out from the crowd and gives them the distinction of having the necessary skills and hard work. This will help one get good job roles in reputed companies across the globe. A Mark of Credibility Being a data scientist is a feather in a cap. They have the desired skills and capabilities that make them credible enough in the IT sector. Data scientists are recruiters' primary preference because they know that these individuals are certified and have great analytical skills that can help the company yield profits. A certified data scientist signifies that he/ she has the practical experience and a high standard of education. This makes them credible and high in demand among IT companies. Valuable Knowledge A data science certification will help you stay updated about the latest industry trends, thereby making you more marketable and relevant. You will be learning about the new developments and information regarding how data science is progressing. The updated information will make the person a valuable resource for a company. Thus, with amazing skills and knowledge, a data scientist will become irreplaceable. Receiving Individual Attention By applying for a data science certification, a candidate will get individual attention from the instructors. Candidates can easily clear their doubts, get live chat sessions, and much more. All this will make an individual’s learning experience more holistic and comprehensive. Thus, receiving individual attention is one of the top benefits of having a data science certification. Let us now discuss the most crucial aspect of Data Scientist jobs, i.e., salary. Data Scientist Job Roles With High Salary There are a lot of careers in the field of data science. Here we have curated a list for you regarding top job roles that you can get after gaining the data science certification. Have a look! Data Architect Data architects visualize the data management framework and work closely with data engineers to understand and implement the strategy and data that needs to be collected. They are responsible for creating new database systems and enhancing the performance of the existing systems. They also design the process and create a flow for data management in the company. Candidates considering a data science career can become data architects as the pay grade is noteworthy. The average salary of a data architect ranges from Rs. 11 LPA to Rs. 30 LPA. (Ref - ) https://www.glassdoor.co.in/Salaries/data-architect-salary-SRCH_KO0,14.htm Data Engineer Data engineers are experts at accessing and processing vast amounts of data. They interpret the data and create data pipelines to make data accessible for further analysis, data engineers also set up infrastructure using programming languages like Python, JAVA, SQL, etc. The average salary of a data engineer ranges from Rs. 3 LPA to Rs. 21 LPA. (Ref - ) https://www.ambitionbox.com/profile/data-engineer-salary Data Analyst Many data scientists start off their careers as data analysts. They work directly with raw data and various teams like marketing, customer support, sales, finance, etc., in order to process information. Data scientists clean the data, study it, and create reports using data visualization tools like Excel, Tableau, etc., to help teams strategize effectively for the benefit of the company. The average salary of a data analyst ranges from Rs. 4 LPA to Rs. 11 LPA. (Ref - ) https://www.ambitionbox.com/profile/data-analyst-salary Machine Learning Engineer A machine learning engineer has combined knowledge of software engineering and data science. In large companies, data scientists are expected to be machine learning experts with advanced software skills. These engineers develop software, models, and AI systems. A machine learning engineer requires years of experience and expertise to get into senior roles. The average salary of a machine learning engineer ranges from Rs. 3 LPA to Rs. 21 LPA. (Ref - ) https://www.ambitionbox.com/profile/machine-learning-engineer-salary Marketing Analyst Identifying consumer behavior and planning the products accordingly is the main role of a marketing analyst. A marketing analyst has updated knowledge regarding the recent market trends and accesses the data across various platforms to create strong marketing strategies. The average salary of a marketing analyst is Rs. 8 LPA. (Ref - ) https://www.glassdoor.co.in/Salaries/marketing-analyst-salary-SRCH_KO0,17.htm Data Scientist Salary In the above section, we discussed top data science job roles and their respective salaries. There are different parameters on which the salary of a data scientist depends. Experience as far as the average salary is concerned, a data scientist earns around Rs. 6-7 Lakhs per annum. The salary of a data scientist depends upon the experience. Candidates having less than one year of experience earns around Rs. 5 lakhs per annum. Data scientists with 1-4 years of experience earn around Rs. 6-7 Lakhs per annum. Data scientists with 5-9 years of experience earn Rs. 12-14 lakhs per annum. A highly experienced data scientist with decades of expertise earns up to Rs. 25 lakhs per annum. Reasons To Do Data Science Course Data science is a wide field of study, wherein an individual has to use analytical tools and techniques to help the company prosper. If you are thinking of doing a course, then data science is one of the best options for you. Here are the reasons why! Less Competition Data science is not a newbie in the IT industry. Still, when compared to other IT jobs and roles, data science is new and fresh. It is growing at a rapid rate and this has triggered a huge demand for data scientists. That being said, the number of skilled data scientists is still low. This creates an opportunity to learn and make a mark in your career. Less competition means a better chance of getting hired and having substantial growth for yourself. Thus, data scientists have less competition and more advantages! Diverse Skills Any role in the field of data science demands good command over technical skills. In simpler terms, a candidate pursuing data science has to have a strong hold over on analytical skills, mathematics, algorithms, data structure, probability, programming, modeling, etc. All these skills can be easily learned through a well-defined data science certification. There are some of the best data science certifications that you can apply for and strengthen your technical skills. These skills will not only add to your work profile but also will enhance your thought process. Thus, data science is a diverse field that provides one with a lot of opportunities. Offers Quick Growth Data science is prevalent in various domains like banking, healthcare, travel, retail, etc. The demand for data scientists is increasing because the Data Science industry is gaining pace slowly and steadily. An individual with amazing technical skills and knowledge is bound to have great career growth. The learning curve in this data science is steep. Thus, the financial gain after one becomes a data scientist is also noteworthy! Flexibility in Learning Gone are the days when learning used to be sitting in a classroom feeling dizzy! Online certifications are in full swing and candidates are leveraging them to make the course flexible. The flexibility in learning is one of the reasons why data science is becoming popular. Self-paced learning certifications are preferred by the candidates because candidates can learn easily by learning at their own pace. This makes them feel comfortable and learning becomes interesting instead of becoming boring! Data Scientists are High in Demand Data scientists are hard to find. Many companies look for qualified data scientists but they aren't easy to find because there are very few candidates who opt for them. This makes data scientists a desirable entity. If you are a data scientist, then there are a lot of perks that you will enjoy! Thus, being desired by almost every company, data scientists are very much in demand. Conclusion Data science is a field that combines knowledge, programming skills, mathematics, and statistics to extract useful information that will help in better decision-making and strategic planning. Data science is evolving at a rapid rate and is beaming with many opportunities. Valuable knowledge and top job roles are two of the main reasons why candidates are taking up data science certifications. By applying for these certifications, candidates can easily acquire the necessary skills and abilities to function perfectly in the organization. The certification has immense benefits that help candidates in the long run. So, what are you waiting for? Apply today to some of the best data science certifications and kick-start your career as a successful data scientist!

A Breakdown of Salaries of Data Scientists

Cryptocurrencies are gaining widespread acceptance at an amazing pace. And it's easy to see why. Their associated costs are relatively low, investment returns are quick, and they make it possible to transfer funds around without the need for third-party assistance. But that's not to say they don't have some problems. Volatility and an uncertain regulatory environment make it hard for crypto users to make long-term plans. But by now it's indisputable that cryptocurrencies offer attractive long-term investment opportunities — as a hedge against inflation, as an emergency financial reserve, or simply as passive income sources. And these use cases have helped the cryptocurrency industry to thrive. The trouble is that the average person faces a steep learning curve when it comes to crypto investing. And as such, newcomers tend to make their first foray into crypto by headline chasing — looking for short-term plays based on the crypto news of the day. That rarely works, though, and even when it does it's not a very suitable long-term investing approach. And that lack of investing know-how is about to cause some serious real-world problems. The reason for that is the fact that employers are increasingly offering employees the . And that means more people may soon be risking a bigger portion of their main income stream in the crypto markets. Here's what those people should know about investing, the pros and cons of being paid in crypto, and some suggestions on what's needed to make things work if you are. option of being paid in cryptocurrency Learning the Crypto Investing Ropes Just as it is in the traditional financial industry, crypto investing requires a basic understanding of finance and persistence. While the latter is mostly a matter of motivation — in this case, your financial wellbeing — the former only comes with hard work and time. The trouble is that the crypto market won't wait patiently while you study its intricacies to become an expert investor. Instead, it's a better idea to turn to a company like Exness. They offer inexperienced investors professional broker assistance, a vast financial toolkit, and useful tools ranging from a handy VPS hosting and statistics. currency converter They also offer five types of accounts that allow newbies and professional investors to adjust profiles to personal needs, goals, budgets, and investment experience. That goes a long way toward smoothing out the crypto investing learning curve. From there, it's a good idea to invest in some cryptocurrency investment courses on or the comprehensive video-based investment training . platforms like Udemy offered by Dchained The Pros of Getting Paid in Cryptocurrency There are several pros associated with getting paid in cryptocurrency. Among them, there is the possibility of easily dividing your finances into pools —like one for meeting basic needs and another for having some savings and investments. That makes it far easier to mitigate the risks associated with crypto's notorious volatility. And it also sets you up nicely to begin your journey of learning about the inner workings of the crypto market while gaining real-world experience along the way. Another benefit of getting paid in crypto is transaction speed. Digital financial payments have no intermediary, so they get carried out faster. That's a big reason that cryptocurrencies are an emerging trend for business. They offer a one-to-one financial relationship with employees. All digital financial transactions are easily trackable. And if there is an argument between worker and employer — it is possible to trace all the financial operations in the system and resolve a controversy. The Cons of Getting Paid in Cryptocurrency The tax system is a big thing to consider when it comes to the drawbacks of getting paid in crypto. The problem is that the amount of tax you'll pay is calculated based on the current exchange rate of the currency. And volatility means your tax liability might fluctuate wildly from pay period to pay period. That also creates a big headache for employers, who have to work hard to keep the real value of salaries in line with their intended dollar value. Business financial analysts can make predictions about it based on financial knowledge and economic factors — and experience — or by using . But it's an inexact science where both employers and employees stand to lose in many cases. crypto prediction software Best Practices When Getting Paid in Crypto The most important thing anyone getting paid in crypto can do is to create a reserve fund in a stable fiat currency. Then, they can divide their incoming crypto income and establish a loss curb to protect their investment account when the market is volatile. The goal is to manage your accounts according to how much risk you're willing to tolerate. You'll also need to learn how to make careful and deliberate decisions regarding your crypto holdings. And you'll also need to get familiar with the limitations of having the majority of your assets in crypto. The list of companies that accept crypto mainly includes the most prominent firms. That means you may have trouble transacting with businesses you rely on. And the same goes for traditional banks, which may have limited facilities for funds transfers involving cryptocurrencies. It is also necessary to calculate the costs of your investments as you begin to develop an overall strategy. Some investments may not be worth what it costs to execute them. You may wish to and apply them. And last but not least, you'll want to hone your skills in market estimation and analytics. That will help you to make the most of the opportunities that lay in the crypto market. emulate successful investors' tactics Summary Overall, cryptocurrencies are an excellent source of passive income and are becoming more and more popular. But making the most of them requires patience, concentration, persistence, and basic comprehension of financial concepts. And it helps to stay abreast of worldwide economic news and political events, as they influence the financial markets and cause movements of cryptocurrencies. It's also a good idea to avoid going it alone when you begin investing in crypto. Turning to a firm that offers tools aimed at beginners and that offers professional advice isn't just prudent — it's practically required. And so is taking the time to learn the intricacies of crypto investing so you'll be able to make smart decisions with your money. However, when it comes to getting paid in cryptocurrency, it is a good idea to split your salary into predetermined amounts of fiat currency and cryptocurrency (if your employer allows it). That will help you hedge your bets and keep you from tying your financial well-being to an industry that's still very new and liable to remain volatile for the foreseeable future. And if you do, you'll be able to take advantage of what is assuredly a spectacular investment opportunity — and not be left behind as the crypto industry continues to make believers in more and more people. Featured image: khosrork via Adobe Stock (licensed using contributor's account)

As More Employers Offer Crypto Salaries, Should You Take Them up on It?

Work-from-home options were made permanent in 2020 by companies like Apple, Google, and Microsoft. Ironically, companies that were formerly recognized for creating work environments that felt like homes for their workers are now relocating to more traditional housing types in order to save money. Facebook (Meta) is leading the drive for a permanent work-from-home scenario. To begin, it plans to hire more remote workers while also letting its current employees work from home as long as they like. According to a second factor that is directly related to its rapid adoption of remote workers, remuneration for remote workers will be changed depending on where they live. Employees in Silicon Valley who left the expensive metropolis to save money are particularly hard hit. It's not just Facebook. Since then, a number of other IT firms have declared that they would follow suit. As a result of the epidemic, Twitter has accelerated its own employment, which the company says has been discussed for over two years. move to remote It includes the localization of pay as part of its strategy. Twitter, on the other hand, was keen to emphasize its "competitive" attitude in implementing the policy to the tune of extra days off plus the allowance of $1,000. Twitter employees. Similarly, workers at the software business VMware are being offered a similar deal. Employees who accept the company's offer should expect to lose between eight and 18 percent of their yearly compensation. Shopify workers in Canada are likewise not anticipated to return to work very soon, if at all. Tobi Lutke, Shopify's founder, said that the company should be able to continue its operations even if it shifts to a remote work environment. "Office centricity is finished," he said. To add insult to injury, Shopify has yet to make a decision on whether or not to implement pay localization. Remote employment is reshaping the IT sector on a massive scale. It's also obvious that the burden of these shifts will fall on the shoulders of IT workers. As a result, opinions on the impending implementation of the new pay system are divided. However, before we get to the answer, let's have a look at the typical salary for computer experts. Salary Bubble Six-figure salaries are the norm in the IT business, not the exception. Google's software developers, for example, make between $120,000 and $318,000 a year on average. There is a total pay plan of $179,000 to $1,350,000 if bonuses and stock options are included. According to Glassdoor, the average compensation for a front-end developer in Toronto, Canada, is C$68,000 (about $52,000). Meanwhile, data scientists are paid between $95,195 and $185,500. Tech workers make more money than the majority of other job seekers combined. When data was first introduced, it immediately became a critical component of a company's success. Competitive advantage may be gained via the proper use of data. The need for skilled technologists has also expanded as a result of the increasing value of their services. As a result, the has had to contend with a lack of skilled workers because of the inelastic nature of tech jobs. Putting two and two together, we get a shortage of competent workers and a strong demand for them. Because of this, the actors get paid a lot of money. IT sector The formerly six-figure incomes may have to take a blow as a result of the virus-induced remote work environment. Mixed Response Blind, an online workplace community for computer workers, ran a study after a slew of announcements about salary adjustments. Would you accept the trade-off (i.e., lower salaries for a permanent work-from-home arrangement) in this new Covid-19 future? Thirty-eight percent of Facebook employees stated they were open to moving despite the company's recent layoff announcement. When it comes to work-life balance and costs, 61% of VMWare workers stated they would be prepared to give up some of their compensation in order to have it. 47 percent of Twitter pros share their sentiments. 66 percent of professionals answered "yes" when asked this question in a larger context. In other words, if you can afford to relocate out of the tech hotspots of Seattle, New York, and San Francisco, then do so. The benefit to them considerably outweighs the cost. According to a Hulu employee, the policy is nothing more than a form of labor exploitation. A key tenet of the respondent's argument was that wages aren't affected by where a worker is located. Regardless of where one is in the process, one's output, both in terms of quality and quantity, remains consistent. There was merely a shift in the way that work was done. Results of a survey conducted through Twitter by Jeremiah Owyang, the founding partner of research and consultancy business Owyang Research, followed. Is it possible to work from home for the rest of your life if you accept an offer that comes with a 10% salary cut? A whopping 44% of those who took the poll said yes. Many stated they would either continue working at the workplace or look for a new position.

Are Developers Salaries a Bubble? If Yes, Then How Bad Could it Burst

It is not a secret that in many companies, expenses on salaries of IT departments’ employees make up a significant part of the budget. And the high competition in the labor market further pushes the level of wages for IT specialists. High expenses lead to the fact that the employer is always searching for options to reduce their costs. It turned out, the companies themselves, trying to reduce costs as much as possible, turn to various tricks to reduce the cost of the work done. Similar mechanisms are used not only in IT but also in different other areas of the employer. But let’s talk about everything in order. We often make choices in an information vacuum. Often in life, we make choices in conditions of insufficient information. For example, when entering a university, we have a poor idea of what options are available and how the knowledge gained will help us in the future. Only years later, having received life experience, we understand what could have helped achieve this result faster. A similar way works when choosing a job. Often we get a job somewhere, accidentally learning about this place. And when we do at a particular position of work, we also usually have a vague idea of ​​what is happening in the industry. And about a huge gap between some adjacent and similar areas in wages, organization of the work process and attitude to the employee, we often do not even suspect. You can often meet people who have been sitting on an unloved project for years in depression and without any motivation — and this is instead trying to find better options. And all because of fear or ignorance: “What is better?” Features of the IT market Firstly, an IT specialist’s profession has a reasonably low entry threshold and does not require many years of study. Therefore, any adequate student of non-humanitarian areas can start working already from the first years. It is enough to be a little quick-witted and moderately assiduous. Secondly, the demand for IT specialists in the global market still exceeds supply. Therefore, even an entry-level professional will find a job with decent salaries. Thirdly, the specifics of the activity and access to the Internet make it possible to work remotely, which finally breaks down the territorial barrier to employment. And fourth, the labor cost of a highly skilled worker in less developed countries is lower than that of a trainee student in Germany or a cleaning lady in Silicon Valley. In contrast, the quality of labor for the same money is far better than to hire these workers. Few people want to pay for one programmer as a whole department of non-IT engineers. That is why many employers start to go for gimmicks, tricks, and even outright deception in order to save a little budget. Complex hierarchies, ranks, titles In many companies, especially large and outsourcing companies, it is common to build ranks, grades, titles, etc. The names might be different, but the sense is the same — companies are driving employees into a box, limiting their earnings and career development opportunities, arguing this by their invented rank system. We owe this system at best to the classic trio ( junior, middle,  senior )and at worst to grades tables like L3, L4… L210, etc. There is nothing fundamentally wrong with these systems, especially in large companies where people with 0 and 10 years of experience working together. However, these ranks often begin to be imposed in order not to raise salaries. For example, in some companies, it is a practice that after the transition between levels, a specific time must be passed (2–3 years) before we can talk about the next increase in salary. There are even funny cases when people leave the company and then return two levels higher a year later, which would not have been possible if they had remained in the company. Besides, since the level of pay is related to the ranks, people who do not fit these ranks are denied increasing salaries that their skills are worth in the labor market. And as a result, they lose good staff. I had a funny experience when I was invited for an interview at a company that I left three months before. The interview went well, and I entirely fitted the project needs. However, They refuse because of the salary that I asked for too high. Although the fact it was almost the same as the one I was receiving at the time. They said it corresponds to two grades higher than the one I left. And the colleagues “cannot understand”. Needless to say, after another month, I accepted an offer from another company, where they offered me another 50% more. You need to understand that these ranks have only one goal — to create a reason to pay you less. There are no ranks at all in many companies, and people get as much as they agreed on a job interview. I think this approach is the most appropriate. Non-cash tricks Many companies try to compensate for low wages with various benefits — intangible additions to the basic salary. On the one hand, there are many worthwhile things — paying for sports, fruit in the office, free lunches, corporate transport, mobile communications, etc. You need to understand that money for this is somehow taken from your pocket (more precisely, it does not go into it). But often, a company can afford more beneficial conditions than an individual, so this is savings in any case. On the other hand, many companies often resort to other manipulative levers that are absolutely useless for the employee. It can be all sorts of certificates(like Thank You Latter), badges, stickers, and different types of gamification. Some companies directly offer to write you a leading position in the labor book in exchange for lower wages. You need to understand that although it may be pleasant for you and cause envy among your colleagues and pride in your mother, all these certificates and badges won’t help you in any way either in your career, or in life, or the development of your experience. Just remember that instead of a certificate, there should be a financial bonus, but now it has flowed into the pocket of a savvy manager. Corporate culture Another tool that employers are using to reduce employee benefits is “corporate culture.” There is nothing wrong with the culture itself. Every company is free to create an atmosphere that is more suitable for their inner life. But sometimes, the “corporate culture” begins to include things that have nothing to do with the work process and business goals. For example, when they begin to fine or humiliate workers in every possible way for being late, taking smoke breaks, being absent from the workplace for a snack — this is despite the fact that a person is engaged in engineering (mental) activities. The time and period of his stay at the workplace are minimally correlated with his labor productivity. By the way, people often think about work tasks in transport, at home, and a party, and even lying in bed before going to bed, but no one wants to pay for this. The worst thing here is that many people are so imbued with the idea of ​​” corporate culture” that they become ardent champions of fictitious rules. They begin to observe all the faddles and spread rot on those who pay more attention to real work than to the HR department’s next inventions. Do not forget that your main task is to get the work done, thereby bringing the company profit. And if the company itself imposes values ​​on you that distract you from this task, it may be worth looking for a company that better understands what it needs most — the achievement of tasks, or so that everyone is in the workplace by 9:00 PM. Outright lies But the most exciting thing is not even that. Many companies have adopted a practice of drastically limiting the clearness of the processes associated with hiring and paying employees, and some companies resort to outright lies. Working in outsourcing companies, I faced the strictest prohibition on disclosing salaries everywhere, even to my colleagues. Many support this practice, but it is just a tool to manipulate wages. An employee will have nothing to motivate requests for a salary increase if he does not know the company’s situation and the market as a whole. A person is convinced that his pay is extremely high, although his colleagues who do the same can receive twice as much. I am not lobbying for disclosing all employees’ salaries, but you need to understand that this tool always uses against you. But the most interesting is the situation in companies in which IT is not the primary means of earning them, but only indirectly affects the production process, but is nevertheless necessary. These are companies such as government agencies, factories, all kinds of retailers, and other small and medium-sized businesses. In general, all those who receive money, not for an IT product. Such companies face the following situation: non-IT specialists produce their product, and the market in which they operate gives much less money than IT. However, they have to hire IT specialists, for various reasons. And due to the fact that the contribution of IT specialists to the final product of the company is indirect and it is often difficult to accurately assess it, an attitude is formed towards these departments as a “necessary evil”. They are expensive, they do not bring direct profit, but it is also impossible without them. Therefore, the attitude towards them is appropriate, and the offices are trying in every possible way to catch them to reduce wages. One of the main tools is deception. Companies inspire employees that the working conditions they provided are the best on the market. They tell him that in other companies, they pay less and fine for everything. They do not pay bonuses, delay payments, and other fictions. Some managers even begin to play psychology, talking about patriotism, about the country’s hard times, that you cannot go to a competitor and work for foreigners who are willing to pay more. Even such managers are specially trained on how to convince employees that working conditions are better nowhere else. Conclusions Of course, this is not all the tricks that campaigns use. Many other tricks keep specialists from getting paid. There are just a few simple tips below to follow. Don’t be afraid to change something. The IT industry is extremely different, and you can always find what works best for you. Go to interviews, ask people for advice at conferences and meetups, explore other areas, and technology stacks. Try to find out as much as possible about the various areas close to yours and be aware of your services in the labor market. Never be afraid to change jobs — it is always a step forward for you, even if the experience turns out to be unsuccessful. There is no point in enduring an unpleasant environment. Just give it up to those who want to work for less money and with less sense. Or, allow your company to hire less qualified staff if it does not see fit to provide a good workflow. Leave, without doubt, from positions in which you cannot work productively due to external factors or where there is no smell of productive work at all. There will always be bad projects. But there will always be good ones. And there is always one that is perfect for you. Perhaps tomorrow, or perhaps in two years of waiting. But it’s worth it. Work where you are allowed to work with maximum productivity, help make the company’s product better, and do not try to throw a spanner in the works. Respect yourself, value your time, your nerves, and your mental health. - Mkrtich Pudeian, Data Analyst of Finbridge

Some Employer Gimmicks to Pay Lower IT Salaries

A high salary can make you feel like you’re on cloud nine. For cloud engineers, jobs with these sky-high paychecks are in no short supply. In fact, the number of cloud engineer jobs on Indeed.com increased by over 55% between May 2017 and May 2019. And candidate interest is also skyrocketing: The number of people searching for cloud engineer jobs increased by over 52% in that same time period. Since salary levels depend so heavily on the law of supply and demand, certain cities pay a lot more for cloud engineers than others. But where can you find the best cloud engineer salary? To answer this question, we decided to dig deeper and uncover the top 10 top-paying cities in the United States for cloud engineers—so you know exactly where your cloud skills can earn you the big bucks. How much do cloud engineers make? More than half of enterprise companies spend $1.2M annually on public cloud (with 13% spending over $12M per year). This means cloud computing is a top priority—and companies are willing to pay top dollar for cloud engineering talent to design, maintain and operate it. In fact, according to Indeed’s salary estimate, based on 2,505 employees, users, and past and present job advertisements, the average cloud engineer salary in the United States is . $118,994 per year But there are a few cities where cloud engineers can earn an even more lucrative salary (often well above this national average). Don’t worry, we’ve adjusted our figures for cost of living so you’ll get a more accurate representation of each salary’s true value and see just how far your paycheck will go across the map. Some high-paying cities included in this list may surprise you. Philadelphia, PA (#6), Kansas City, MO-KS (#8) and Phoenix, AZ (#10) aren’t exactly places you expect to have a strong tech presence. However, it makes sense that employers in these under-the-radar tech hubs are willing to pay a pretty penny to entice cloud engineers to move (or stay) there. It’s also interesting to note that neither San Jose (Silicon Valley) nor New York, two of America’s largest tech hubs, make the top 10 highest-paying cities for cloud engineers. This means that well-known, established tech centers don’t necessarily pay cloud engineers the best, even after salaries are adjusted for cost of living. And while the job market is more favorable for cloud engineers in smaller cities, a higher supply of tech workers in these more traditional tech epicenters puts employers in the driver’s seat. With more cloud talent comes more competition, and cloud engineers in larger cities might have to accept lower salary offers to prevent employers from moving on to the next qualified applicant. Top five cities with sky-high cloud engineer salaries Now that we’ve uncovered the top 10 highest-paid cities for cloud engineers, let’s take a closer look at the top five to discover why cloud engineers earn healthier paychecks in certain locations. 1. Charlotte, NC Topping our list of the highest-paid cities for cloud engineers is Charlotte, NC, where the COL-adjusted average salary for cloud engineers is 8% above the national average at $128,733.75 per year. Why do cloud engineers in Charlotte make so much? As we mentioned before, demand outweighs supply. And this demand is only set to increase in the coming years. For example, colocation provider Flexential in the Queen City by 20,000 sq ft., bringing the company’s total data center footprint in Charlotte to 129,000 sq ft. Since cloud technologies run in data centers like these, this expansion—and others like it—will likely contribute to a further boost in employer interest (and salaries) for cloud engineers in the area. recently expanded its flagship data center 2. San Francisco, CA San Francisco is notorious for being one of America’s most expensive cities. And while it’s true that the cost of living has outpaced salary growth for many tech roles in the Bay Area, cloud engineers here make $125,429.62, which surpasses the national average salary for cloud engineers by 5%—even after adjusting for the cost of living. Like all the cities on our list, demand is one of the main drivers of high cloud engineer salaries. In fact, San Francisco has the second in the US. And while there may be more competition for cloud engineer jobs here, the city’s mix of venture capital, hot demand and concentration of high-profile tech companies—like Reddit, Pinterest and Airbnb—make it an extremely well-paid area for those with cloud skills. This is especially true since big-name companies are often willing to pay higher-than-average salaries to attract the top cloud engineers in the nation. most cloud engineer job openings 3. Atlanta, GA Coming in at third is Atlanta, GA. Not only are cloud engineers among the top 20 most in-demand tech roles in Atlanta, but the city also hosts a huge data center presence. Businesses here can rent space for computing hardware at one of the city’s (the most data centers out of our top five highest-paying cities). In fact, the QTS Atlanta-Metro Data Center is one of the biggest data centers in the world, sprawling across nearly one million square feet of space. 39 colocation data centers This ecosystem of exploding cloud engineer demand and expanding opportunities in cloud technologies has created an environment where the average cloud engineer can expect to earn a COL-adjusted salary of $119,974. 4. Austin, TX In fourth place is Austin, where the average annual pay for a cloud engineer is $118,060.13. In recent years, the Texas capital famous for its music, eclecticism and laid-back culture has emerged as a bustling high-tech hub. Tech titans like Facebook and Apple have established large outposts in the city, and cloud startups like Spanning Cloud Apps and Apposphere are cropping up to take advantage of one of the nation’s more affordable tech communities. Since there’s so much tech activity in this area, a lot of companies are searching for cloud engineering talent, which has driven up salaries in the city. In fact, cloud engineers are one of the top 20 most sought-after tech roles in Austin, according to Indeed data. 5. Denver, CO The Denver metro area is home to . That’s nearly as many tech companies as San Francisco, which is home to 10,869. The Mile-High City also boasts the second most data centers on this list after Atlanta, with scattered across the metro area. This concentration of tech companies and data center facilities translates to huge demand for cloud engineers—and high salaries to match it. In fact, cloud engineers in Denver earn an average of $115,756.48 per year. 10,151 tech companies 38 colocation data centers What’s more, demand for cloud skills is growing fast. Denver-based cloud services company Faction, for example, closed an in 2018, and accumulated another $14 million in funding in 2019 to expand its cloud services. The company also added 50 new employees to its Denver office within six months, further highlighting the city’s accelerated pace of cloud adoption. $18 million round of Series B funding A sunny outlook for high cloud engineering salaries As companies large and small turn to cloud solutions as a default, demand for cloud engineers will continue to soar. And the cloud supply-demand mismatch gives you the freedom to take your talents to a city where your paycheck goes further, whether that’s in a relatively unknown tech hotspot like Kansas City, Missouri or a leading tech hub like San Francisco. *Methodology: Indeed analyzed the percentage change in the share of job postings with “cloud engineer” in the job title and the share of job searches per million for “cloud engineer” over a two-year period from May 2017 to May 2019. Our analysis for the highest paying cities was calculated based on the average salaries listed on “cloud engineer” job postings on Indeed.com in the US over a two-year period from May 2017 to May 2019. The average national cloud engineer salary was taken from , which was based on 2,505 employees, users, and past and present job advertisements in the three-year period from June 2016 to June 2019. Indeed Salaries

The Ten Top Cities for Highest Cloud Engineering Salaries

Author: Summer Chan The title may sound confusing, but the job market trends in the financial sector have begun to shift. In the next three months, Standard Chartered Bank plans to lay off 300 people from the Middle East and Africa division while JPMorgan Chase has already laid off 400 employees in the consumer mortgage division. Despite the negative sentiments in the broader market, Hired — San Francisco Recruitment Agency- states that the demand for engineer has increased by 400% since 2017. blockchain What is driving the demand? The demand for blockchain engineers derived from large companies such as Facebook, Amazon, IBM, and Microsoft. It would be a growing demand as more companies work on projects that utilise blockchain technology. CEO of Bank of America (BOA), Brian Moynihan told CNBC, “The adoption of technology at the second-biggest U.S. lender has allowed him to cut 100,000 workers in less than a decade.” During the earnings presentation, BOA said that artificial intelligence and robotic process automation had helped the firm’s trading division to cut 84,000 work-hours a year. Hired added that software engineers are in very short supply, but the demand for blockchain engineer is even more acute, and thus the salaries are even higher. How to transform into a blockchain engineer? There is no magic formula or one throughway to become a blockchain engineer. If you are aspiring to be a blockchain engineer, you should master the skills in the non-exhaustive list as following or find blockchain courses :- here Networking Database design Cryptography computing skills Java JavaScript C++ Solidity Python Other blockchain jobs that are high in demand include business developer, crypto market analyst, blockchain researcher and even white paper writer. Even though automation and technology may replace conventional banking roles, but innovation creates new realms of opportunities to be explored. hello@blockasia.io Visit for more Blockchain and news in Asia and around the world. www.blockasia.io Cryptocurrency Follow us at and today for the latest updates! Facebook.com/BlockAsia.io Twitter.com/block_asia Originally published at www.blockasia.io on Oct 23, 2018.

Salaries for Blockchain engineers skyrockets despite plans of job cuts in the financial markets

Considering the extensive number of the modern languages, deciding which one to take by its horns and master can be a strenuous task. programming Before deciding on the ‘best’ language to go for, you should evaluate several factors, including your personal preferences and choices. , who has more than four years of experience in web development and currently teaches people his skills, says that “one of the best ways to choose the right in 2018 for your use case is to study what is taking place in the technology industry.” Bautista programming language The industry will give you important trends and signals you can use to arrive at your decisions. For example, if you know the programming languages that make the most money in 2018 or are the most popular in 2018, you can suitably adjust the sails to focus on them. In this post, we are going to evaluate some sources with the intention of coming up with the top three most in demand programming languages 2018. 1. JavaScript JavaScript is a dynamic programming language that is mostly used for adding interactivity on websites. It’s usually painted as “beginner friendly,” something which has enhanced its increased usage in the developer community. Stack Overflow, a popular website that developers use to share their skills, usually does a yearly survey to get useful statistics from the developer community — from their salaries to favorite technologies. In January 2018, the website surveyed more than 100,000 developers and revealed some interesting statistics. Here is the that categorizes the programming languages according to their popularity: Stack Overflow chart As you can see above, the survey revealed that JavaScript is the top programming language 2018, at 69.8% — for the sixth consecutive year. GitHub, the code-sharing website used by millions of developers from around the world, also mentions that JavaScript is the most commonly used programming language. In a report at the end of 2017, stated that most of its users rely on JavaScript for their repositories. GitHub Here is the GitHub chart showing the popularity of the programming languages: Globally, the Stack Overflow survey found out that JavaScript developers make about $55,000 per year. However, developers using the language in the U.S. earn about $98,000 per year. , a popular employment search website, estimates that a JavaScript developer in the U.S. takes home an average of $110,945 per year. Indeed.com 2. Java Java is a versatile general-purpose programming language that is used to create cross-platform applications. Regardless of the platform you want to use for deployment — desktop, mobile, or web — Java will meet your needs. The TIOBE Programming Community Index, which gauges the popularity of the programming languages based on the search engine results, places Java as the most popular language, as of July 2018. Here is a chart of the TIOBE index: According to the Stack Overflow survey, Java’s popularity stands at 45.3%, which is the second-best (if HTML, CSS, SQL are not considered — which are mainly non-standalone, supportive languages to the main languages). In the U.S., the survey found out that Java developers make about $100,000 per year. Similarly, estimates that a U.S.-based Java developer makes an average of $100,873 per year. Indeed.com 3. Python Python is a powerful high-level programming language that is gaining immense popularity in 2018. Because of its general-purpose nature, it’s extensively used for a wide range of tasks, including web development, machine learning, and analyzing data. Stack Overflow found out that 38.8% of its users mainly use Python for their projects. According to the website’s survey, Python’s popularity surpassed that of C# in 2018 — just like it surpassed PHP in 2017. On the GitHub platform, Python surpassed Java as the second-most used programming language, with 40% more pull requests opened in 2017 than in 2016. Worth mentioning, the continued interest in the field of artificial intelligence could be fueling the demand for Python. In fact, Stack Overflow calls it the “ major programming language.” fastest growing Here is a chart showing the incredible growth of Python: Globally, the Stack Overflow survey found out that Python developers make about $56,000 per year. In the U.S., estimates that they make an average of $114,811 per year. Indeed.com Wrapping up JavaScript, Java, and Python are evidently the best programming languages to learn for jobs in 2018. Although the survey reports may differ slightly, the three top ranked programming languages are and including in your developer’s toolbox, especially if you want to take your career to the next level. worth learning You can use this information about the most popular programming languages 2018 to assess whether your programming skills are aligned with the industry trends and the language you can use when starting to build a new software system, especially if you intend to collaborate with other developers. Which programming language do you like using? Why? Please let us know in the comment section below.

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