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The Curse of Pygmalion - What Would An Ideal AR/VR Device Look Like?

পিগম্যালিয়নের অভিশাপ - একটি আদর্শ এআর/ভিআর ডিভাইস দেখতে কেমন হবে?

Der Fluch von Pygmalion – Wie würde ein ideales AR/VR-Gerät aussehen?

La maldición de Pigmalión: ¿cómo sería un dispositivo AR/VR ideal?

La malédiction de Pygmalion – À quoi ressemblerait un appareil AR/VR idéal ?

पिग्मेलियन का अभिशाप - एक आदर्श AR/VR डिवाइस कैसा दिखेगा?

ピグマリオンの呪い - 理想的な AR/VR デバイスとはどのようなものでしょうか?

피그말리온의 저주 - 이상적인 AR/VR 장치는 어떤 모습일까요?

A Maldição de Pigmalião – Como seria um dispositivo AR/VR ideal?

Проклятие Пигмалиона: как должно выглядеть идеальное AR/VR-устройство?

Pygmalion'un Laneti - İdeal Bir AR/VR Cihazı Nasıl Görünür?

Lời nguyền của Pygmalion - Thiết bị AR/VR lý tưởng sẽ trông như thế nào?

皮格马利翁的诅咒——理想的 AR/VR 设备是什么样的？

The Sun and the Ether: Why Ethereum Has Already Won

সূর্য এবং ইথার: কেন ইথেরিয়াম ইতিমধ্যে জিতেছে

Die Sonne und der Äther: Warum Ethereum bereits gewonnen hat

El sol y el éter: por qué Ethereum ya ganó

Le soleil et l'éther : pourquoi Ethereum a déjà gagné

सूर्य और ईथर: क्यों एथेरियम पहले ही जीत चुका है

太陽とエーテル：イーサリアムがすでに勝利した理由

태양과 에테르: 이더리움이 이미 승리한 이유

O Sol e o Éter: Por que Ethereum já venceu

Солнце и эфир: почему Ethereum уже победил

Güneş ve Eter: Ethereum Neden Zaten Kazandı?

Mặt trời và Ether: Tại sao Ethereum đã chiến thắng

太阳和以太：为什么以太坊已经获胜

Sylvia: 100 Days

USA v. Samuel Bankman-Fried Court Filing, retrieved on March 15, 2024 is part of . You can jump to any part in this filing . This part is 21 of 33. HackerNoon’s Legal PDF Series here G. The Enhancement for Obstruction of Justice Is Warranted Section 3C1.1 of the Sentencing Guidelines mandates a two-level increase in a defendant's offense level “[i]f (1) the defendant willfully obstructed or impeded, or attempted to obstruct or impede, the administration of justice with respect to the investigation, prosecution, or sentencing of the instant offense of conviction, and (2) the obstructive conduct related to (A) the defendant's offense of conviction and any relevant conduct; or (B) a closely related offense.” U.S.S.G. § 3C1.1. Examples of covered conduct include “intimidating, or otherwise unlawfully influencing a … witness,” “committing … perjury,” or “destroying or concealing or directing or procuring another person to destroy or conceal evidence that is material to an official investigation.” U.S.S.G. § 3C1.1 cmt. n. 4. The enhancement applies not just to obstructive conduct that “occurred with respect to the investigation,” but also obstructive conduct “that occurred prior to the start of the investigation of the instant offense of conviction … if the conduct was purposefully calculated, and likely, to thwart the investigation or prosecution of the offense of conviction.” U.S.S.G. § 3C1.1 cmt. n. 1. There are three bases for this enhancement, all discussed above: the defendant’s instruction that employees should implement the auto-deletion of messages; the defendant’s witness tampering; and the defendant’s perjury at trial. The defendant objects to the statements in the PSR that he instructed employees to autodelete messages and that he tampered with witnesses. (Def. Mem. at 26). However, the factual record is clear on his instructions to destroy evidence, and this Court has already made factual findings relating to the defendant’s witness tamping—each set of facts would alone be sufficient for this enhancement to apply. That said, because it is also relevant to the application of the Section 3553(a) factors, the Government respectfully submits that the Court should make factual findings at sentencing regarding the defendant’s perjury during trial. “‘A witness testifying under oath or affirmation violates’ 18 U.S.C. § 1621, the federal perjury statute, ‘if she gives false testimony concerning a material matter with the willful intent to provide false testimony, rather than as a result of confusion, mistake, or faulty memory.’” United States v. Norman, 776 F.3d 67, 84 (2d Cir. 2015) (quoting United States v. Dunnigan, 507 U.S. 87, 94, 113 (1993)). The Guidelines enhancement for obstruction of justice may be based on a defendant committing perjury. U.S.S.G. § 3C1.1, cmt. n. 4(b); see also United States v. Ben-Shimon, 249 F.3d 98, 102 (2d Cir. 2001) (“an enhancement for obstruction of justice based on perjured testimony may be imposed only where the sentencing court finds ‘that the defendant 1) willfully 2) and materially 3) committed perjury, which is (a) the intentional (b) giving of false testimony (c) as to a material matter’” (quoting United States v. Zagari, 111 F.3d 307, 329 (2d Cir. 1997))). Where, as here, “a defendant objects to a sentence enhancement resulting from [his] trial testimony, a district court must review the evidence and make independent findings necessary to establish a willful impediment to, or obstruction of, justice, or an attempt to do the same, under th[is] perjury definition.’” Id. (quoting Dunnigan, 507 U.S. at 95). As the Second Circuit explained in Norman, the Supreme Court in Dunnigan held that the enhancement was sufficiently supported where the sentencing court found that the defendant was “untruthful at trial with respect to material matters in the case and that her false testimony was designed to substantially affect the outcome of the case.” 776 F.3d at 84 (internal quotation marks, citation, and emphases omitted). Like the defendant in Norman—where the Second Circuit affirmed application of the obstruction enhancement for perjurious trial testimony—Bankman-Fried gave untruthful testimony that was designed to affect the outcome of the case. And as in Norman, this Court should not credit Bankman-Fried’s testimony “in the face of other evidence that revealed his mendacity,” including the testimony of three cooperating witnesses that Bankman-Fried watched during trial. Most egregious was Bankman-Fried’s willfully dishonest testimony that, until the fall of 2022, he had no knowledge that Alameda had spent FTX customer deposits. The evidence at trial established that he set up Alameda bank accounts to receive and spend FTX customer dollar deposits and that he oversaw changes to FTX’s codebase that enabled Alameda to spend FTX cryptocurrency deposits. The evidence was also overwhelming that he approved Alameda spending billions of dollars of FTX customer money to pay its expenses and debts, and was aware that Alameda secretly owed FTX customers billions of dollars as a result. Bankman-Fried’s minimization and false explanations concerning such conduct was pervasive during his testimony. As one example, he claimed that he first learned that Alameda had a roughly $8 billion fiat liability to FTX in October 2022. (Tr. 2523-24). That was a lie, as is evidenced by the testimony of Yedidia, Ellison, Wang, and Singh, all of whom testified that they discussed Alameda’s fiat liability to FTX with Bankman-Fried months earlier. (Tr. 167, 173-74, 436-37, 439-40, 619-20, 769-71, 1346, 1348, 1359; GX-50). The documentary evidence also proved that Bankman-Fried was not telling the truth during his testimony. Government Exhibit 50, for example, a June 2022 spreadsheet which was viewed by the defendant, showed a roughly $11 billion fiat liability owed by Alameda to FTX. (GX-50). Because Bankman-Fried deliberately lied on the stand, his argument that the obstruction enhancement sometimes does not apply to false testimony is misplaced. To be sure, U.S.S.G. § 3C1.1 points out that the “provision is not intended to punish a defendant for the exercise of a constitutional right” and that “[i]n applying this provision in respect to alleged false testimony or statements by the defendant, the court should be cognizant that inaccurate testimony or statements sometimes may result from confusion, mistake, or faulty memory….” U.S.S.G. § 3C1.1, cmt. n. 2. Bankman-Fried’s repeated and brazen lies about the core misconduct in this case cannot be chalked up to confusion or faulty memory. He committed himself to parts of his false story prior to his indictment, at a time when he thought most incriminating documents (such as his messages with coconspirators) had been deleted and before he knew that the Government was able to recover metadata that showed he accessed several incriminating spreadsheets. Additionally, as the Court certainly observed during the defendant’s testimony, body language, decision to look away during certain questions, and non-responsiveness to answers all demonstrate concerted acts of evasiveness, not simply a failure of memory. The defendant’s willful dishonesty is also clear from his elaborate contortions to marry up his false testimony with the Government’s inculpatory documentary evidence. An example is his testimony about the spreadsheet that Ellison shared with him showing seven alternative balance sheets that they could send to Alameda’s lenders to conceal its true financial picture. (GX-44). Because there was metadata showing that Bankman-Fried had accessed the document, he was unable to testify that he had never seen the document before. So instead, he lied and claimed that while he may have seen part of the spreadsheet, he only saw one tab of it, which by chance was the version sent to lenders. (Tr. 2732). The gymnastics that Bankman-Fried had to perform to explain the evidence proves that his false testimony was not the product of confusion, mistake, or faulty memory. Accordingly, for each of the reasons set forth above, imposition of the obstruction enhancement is warranted. Continue Reading . Here About HackerNoon Legal PDF Series: We bring you the most important technical and insightful public domain court case filings. This court case retrieved on March 15, 2024, from is part of the public domain. The court-created documents are works of the federal government, and under copyright law, are automatically placed in the public domain and may be shared without legal restriction. storage.courtlistener

How Perjury and Witness Tampering Compounded SBF's Legal Woes

This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. Authors: (1) Amit Kumar Chatterjee, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University & Department of Physics, Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira; (2) Satoshi Takada, Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering and Institute of Engineering; (3) Hisao Hayakawa, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University. Table of Links Introduction Model and Protocol Different Regimes in d˜− Γ˜ Plain and Multiple QMPE QMPE in Region (d): Second-order Ep QMPE in Region (a1): Oscillations Summary Appendix A: Eigenvectors of L in region (d) Appendix B: Eigenvectors of L in region (a1) Appendix C: QMPE in region (b): purely exponential relaxation Appendix D: QMPE in region (e): 3rd order EP References We explore the role of exceptional points and complex eigenvalues on the occurrence of the quantum Mpemba effect. To this end, we study a two-level driven dissipative system subjected to an oscillatory electric field and dissipative coupling with the environment. We find that both exceptional points and complex eigenvalues can lead to multiple quantum Mpemba effect. It occurs in an observable when time evolved copies corresponding to two different initial conditions, one initially having higher observable value compared to the other and both relaxing towards the same steady state, intersect each other more than once during their relaxation process. Each of the intersections denotes a quantum Mpemba effect and marks the reversal of identities between the two copies i.e. the copy with higher observable value before the intersection becomes the lower valued copy (and vice versa) after the intersection. Such multiple intersections originate from additional algebraic time dependence at the exceptional points and due to oscillatory relaxation in the case of complex eigenvalues. We provide analytical results for quantum Mpemba effect in the density matrix in presence of coherence. Depending on the control parameters (drive and dissipation), observables such as energy, von Neumann entropy, temperature etc. exhibit either single or multiple quantum Mpemba effect. However, the distance from steady state measured in terms of the Kullback-Leibler divergence shows only single quantum Mpemba effect although the corresponding speed gives rise to either single or multiple quantum Mpemba effect. I. INTRODUCTION Memory effect describes the influence of past information on present events [1]. Such memory effects often lead to unexpected events. In physical systems, several forms of interesting memory effects have been observed in different contexts e.g. pulse-sign memory in charge-density wave conductors (memory of last input signal direction) [2, 3]; Kaiser effect in rocks and metals [4–6] and Mullins effect in rubbers [7–9] (both bearing memories of largest applied stress); Kovacs effect (memory of bath temperature that affects the thermalization process) [10–14]; aging and rejuvenation in spin glasses [15–17] and structural glasses [18–21], granular materials [22–25], dense suspensions [26] and active matter [27]. The Mpemba effect (MPE) was originally conceived as a counter-intuitive thermal phenomenon of faster cooling of hotter liquids, observed long ago [28] and lately rediscovered by Mpemba and Osborne [29]. The MPE thus bears the imprint of initial memory in a surprising way and constitutes a separate class of fascinating memory effects. Later, the MPE has been regarded as one of the typical anomalous relaxations where a system with initially higher observable (e.g. temperature, energy, entropy, distance function etc.) value can relax faster than its copy with initially lower observable value, when both of them decrease towards the same steady state value. In classical systems, MPE has been found in variety of classical systems including colloids [30, 31], granular fluids [32–38], optical resonators [39–41], inertial suspensions [42, 43], Markovian models [44–47], Langevin system [48] and many others [49–59]. In spite of considerable amount of works on MPE in the classical domain, only a few studies have been done on the quantum Mpemba effect (QMPE), such as quantum Ising model [60], Dicke model [61], few-level systems [62], V-type system [63], XXZ spin chain [64], single level quantum dot [65], XY spin chain [66] and free and interacting integrable systems [67]. In fact, only quite recently the quantum analogue of the original thermal MPE i.e. QMPE in temperature, has been theoretically revealed in a quantum dot [65] and the significant role of relaxation modes other than the slowest relaxation mode to create QMPE, has been shown [65]. However, the semiclassical approach taken in Ref. [65] naturally raises a question about the generality of QMPE in temperature and other observable, in presence of coherence in purely quantum mechanical systems. This constitutes one of the motivations of the present work. Since the phenomenon of QMPE is a comparatively new area of research, it is important to explore the plausible connections of QMPE to other interesting features of quantum systems. In the present work, we would like to address some such connections. In particular, the study of exceptional points (EPs) and surfaces in non-Hermitian quantum systems and Liouvillian dynamics has caught a lot of attention in recent days [68–81] along with their applications in quantum optics [82, 83]. The occurrence of EPs is directly related to eigen-spectrum of a system and hence to its relaxation process. Therefore a natural curiosity would be to understand the role of EPs on the possibility of QMPE. In fact, the occurrence of double MPE (i.e. two intersections between trajectories) at an EP has already been pointed out for MPE in classical inertial suspensions [42]. Interestingly, the acceleration of relaxation process in open quantum systems by maximizing the gap between the zero mode and the slowest eigenmode at an EP, has recently been studied [84]. In general, such speed up is desired for several application purposes and therefore it has been a subject of immense interest in both classical and quantum systems [84–89]. Since QMPE allows faster relaxation of initially higher distant trajectories, it is important to find criteria for QMPE and to understand how to utilize QMPE to achieve faster approach to steady state. Another intriguing feature in non-Hermitian quantum mechanical systems is the appearance of complex eigenvalues [90–94]. It is noteworthy that the analysis of QMPE in the existing examples [60–63, 65] is based on purely exponential relaxation processes, neither the EP nor the oscillations have been considered yet. There is only an exception in Ref. [64] where more than one intersections between trajectories (two intersections to be precise, termed as revivals) has been observed in the entanglement entropy in the XXZ spin chain, although not discussed much and simply explained as a finite-size effect. In this paper, we explore the following two topics: (i) the effect of EPs and complex eigenvalues on QMPE by analysing the Quantum Master Equation, and (ii) the existence of thermal QMPE in a purely quantum mechanical setting. We show that in the presence of EPs and complex eigenvalues, two time-evolved trajectories of an observable (e.g., temperature, energy) can intersect each other more than once before reaching the same final steady state. In the context of thermal QMPE, the first intersection implies that the initially hotter quantum system relaxes faster to intersect the initially colder quantum system and thereby reverses their roles, i.e. hotter becomes colder and vice versa. This can be followed by one or more such intersections so that the present hotter system can become colder again and so on. Similar observations have been obtained in average energy. Such multiple intersections of trajectories give rise to the remarkable phenomenon of multiple QMPE. To demonstrate multiple QMPE as a consequence of EP and complex eigenvalues, we study a two-level driven dissipative quantum system developed in Ref. [95], which we call Hatano’s model in this paper, as a typical and minimal model of open quantum systems. It is well known that many complicated quantum problems are mapped or reduced to two-level systems; needless to mention they are experimentally realizable (e.g., two internal electronic energy levels of an atom controlled by laser) and have applications in qubits, nuclear magnetic resonance, neutrino oscillations, etc. We also find thermal QMPE in presence of coherence, some cases remarkably with multiple intersections, following the same definition of temperature used in Ref. [65] . Importantly, we provide analytical results for the time evolution of the density matrix in the two-level driven dissipative system considered here. Consequently, we derive analytical criteria for QMPE in energy and in principle, one can analyze exactly (analytically and numerically) QMPE in any other observable. The paper is arranged as follows. In Sec. II, we define the details of the model and the protocol used to study QMPE. The Sec. III describes different regions in the control parameter plane depending on the types of eigenvalues of the Lindbladian and the multiple QMPE is defined. In articular, we focus on regions with exceptional points and complex eigenvalues to discuss their effects on QMPE in the density matrix and observables such as energy, entropy, Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence [96– 100] and temperature; by providing analytical results. In Sec. IV, we discuss QMPE in a region with second-order EPs. Section V demonstrates the effect of complex eigenvalues on the time evolution of the density matrix leading to multiple QMPE in the observables. We summarize the results and discuss possible future directions in Sec. VI. Explicit expressions of the eigenvectors used in the analyses in Secs. IV and V, are provided in Appendix A and Appendix B respectively. We discuss QMPE briefly in region of purely exponential relaxation in Appendix C and at a third-order EP in Appendix D.

Multiple Quantum Mpemba Effect: Exceptional Points and Oscillations: Introduction

This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. Authors: (1) Terence Blésin, Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) & Center of Quantum Science and Engineering (EPFL); (2) Wil Kao, Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) & Center of Quantum Science and Engineering (EPFL); (3) Anat Siddharth, Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) & Center of Quantum Science and Engineering (EPFL); (4) Alaina Attanasio, OxideMEMS lab, Purdue University; (5) Hao Tian, OxideMEMS lab, Purdue University; (6) Sunil A. Bhave, OxideMEMS lab, Purdue University; (7) Tobias J. Kippenberg, Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) & Center of Quantum Science and Engineering (EPFL). Table of Links Introduction Results A. Physics and design B. Device characterization C. Bidirectional microwave-optical transduction D. Pulsed transduction Discussion Acknowledgments Appendix A: Theory Appendix B: Fabrication process flow Appendix C: Optical characterization Appendix D: Characterization of acoustic resonances Appendix E: Characterization of bidirectional transduction Appendix F: Optimization of optical extraction efficiency III. DISCUSSION Non-classically correlated microwave-optical photon pairs can be generated through spontaneous parametric down-conversion in our transducer. These correlated photon pairs constitute a key ingredient toward entangling distant quantum processors via the Duan-LukinCirac-Zoller protocol [4, 45]. With the current device parameters, the pair generation rate on chip amounts to 190 Hz, which is well above the thermal decoherence rate for 3.5 GHz at 10 mK as explained in Appendix A 4. However, losses in the measurement setup specific to such an experiment, as well as the gating of the optical pump required to alleviate the effective heat load, are expected to limit further the final heralding rate. Quasi-free-standing structures, such as 1D OMCs, do not readily thermalize and are thus more susceptible to heating effects. Even though our transducer also utilizes a suspended acoustic resonator, it may be feasible to operate at a higher duty cycle than what is presented in Fig. 4. It has been shown that a buffer gas environment can facilitate thermalization of a 1D OMC, at the cost of increased damping of the mechanical breathing mode [46]. On the contrary, the HBAR mode of interest here should be relatively insensitive to such viscous damping, as the acoustic wave propagates predominantly along the longitudinal direction inside the cladding. Therefore, a sample cell affixed to the mixing chamber flange and filled with buffer superfluid helium—an inviscid fluid that is both an excellent thermal conductor and electrical insulator—could potentially improve the heralding rate without hampering the conversion efficiency [47]. The present design is also suited for tasks beyond quantum state transfer. The transducer can be a key component of photonic interconnects for superconducting qubits [7, 8], where laser lights routed through optical fibers are used to encode microwave signals directly inside the dilution refrigerator during qubit readout. It may be challenging for traveling-wave EOMs to attain the requisite half-wave voltage to be competitive in noise performance against conventional all-electrical readout scheme utilizing high-electron-mobility transistor amplifiers [8]. Our triply resonant approach affords a path towards a scalable optically controlled cryogenic waveform generator for both qubit readout and control. The multimode nature of the transducer is particularly suited for frequency-multiplexed dispersive readout. Transduction leveraging multiple HBAR modes is already demonstrated in Fig. 3e. One can additionally utilize line-type instead of point-type dimer coupling for the photonic molecule, which gives rise to a dispersion in the supermode splitting [48]. In combination with the multitude of acoustic overtones, a single transducer can therefore support several spectrally distinguishable triply resonant systems that serve as qubit multiplex channels. Finally, since the transducer requires no superconducting element to function, it may be pertinent for applications in classical microwave photonics. Optimization of design and fabrication should engender further improvement on device performance. The conversion efficiency, proportional to microwave extraction efficiency (Eq. 2), can be improved by replacing AlN with scandium-doped AlN [49], which features a piezoelectric coefficient d33 about five times larger than AlN [50, 51] while preserving CMOS compatibility. There is likewise additional upside on the photonics (Appendix C 1). Bending radiation loss can be significantly reduced by increasing the micro-ring radius r. In particular, intrinsic quality factor exceeding 107 has been demonstrated with an r approximately ten times larger using the same fabrication process [52]. It may be anticipated that the efficiency gain here may be chiefly compensated by the reduction in optomechanical coupling rate g0 ∼ 1/ √ r. Nevertheless, by thinning the waveguide to 200 nm that approaches half of the acoustic wavelength, g0 is expected to remain unchanged. As in the thick-core waveguide fabricated using the photonic Damascene process, such a thin-core waveguide on a subtractive manufacturing platform is expected to exhibit negligible bending loss [53]. Assuming critical coupling conditions (Appendix F), we therefore expect another 1.5- time gain in η tot. Finally, optical insertion loss can be nearly eliminated by employing a spot-size converter to facilitate mode-matching with lensed fiber [54–56]. Combining these improvements, our transducer could achieve a total efficiency η tot = 6 × 10−3 . In conclusion, we have designed, fabricated, and characterized a compact piezo-optomechanical microwaveoptical transducer that integrates wafer-scale, CMOScompatible HBAR and Si3N4 photonic technologies. Free of any superconducting components, this triply resonant transducer attains a bidirectional off-chip photon number conversion efficiency of 1.6 × 10−5 and a bandwidth of 25 MHz, with an input pump power of 21 dBm at room temperature. Multimode transduction leveraging distinct HBAR modes have been demonstrated, suggesting prospects for designing frequency-multiplexed photonic interconnects for superconducting qubits. Realistic design and fabrication improvements may even allow access to experiments in the quantum regime.

Bidirectional Microwave-optical Transduction Based on Integration: Discussion

Decentralization Systems And Unity With AI

Chaos in Code: AI Assistants Clash in a Battle for Digital Supremacy

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