Two men who sold piracy-configured set-top boxes and coached the public on how to use them to access infringing content have been sentenced to one-year prison terms under the Fraud Act, suspended for two years. The pair, who supplied 'BlackBox.tv' devices, must also do 120 hours of unpaid work. Over the past several years the sale of TV devices pre-configured for piracy has become a big deal all around the world. Largely avoiding the inconvenience of scouring potentially dozens of websites looking for movies and TV shows, automated software tools embedded in these set-top boxes have provided a simple way to access the latest content from the comfort of an armchair. The software of choice is often the Kodi media player which in itself is entirely legal until modified for piracy purposes with third-party add-ons. Such devices can be bought online or commonly in the UK, via shops and market traders. This was the business of Londoners Thomas Tewelde and Mohamed Abdou, who sold modified ‘Kodi Boxes’ to the public via a stall at Bovingdon Market in Hemel Hempstead. Their activities attracted the attention of Hertfordshire Trading Standards officers who carried out a covert purchase operation in July 2017. They found that not only were the set-top devices illegal but also fell short of electrical safety standards. Earlier this month the men went on trial and after four-day hearing, were found guilty by a jury of offenses under the Serious Crime Act 2007 and Fraud Act 2006. Sentencing took place at St Albans Crown Court last Friday. “This is not a victimless crime, every legitimate subscriber is a victim,” the judge commented during the hearing, as per the Federation Against Copyright Theft (FACT), which assisted with the investigation. “It may not be possible to calculate loss but it will be significant given the usual charge for services, number of devices, and period over which the enterprise appears to have operated. Another serious factor is that components were unsafe. It is clear that immediate prison sentences are justified for this type of offenses.” ‘Immediate prison sentences’ in this case comes with conditions. While Tewelde and Abdou were handed one year each in prison, the judge suspended those sentences for two years, meaning that if the pair keep out of trouble, they will avoid a stretch behind bars. Nevertheless, both are still required to complete 120 hours of unpaid work and must also pay £1,000 in costs. Despite the potential for more serious punishment, the sentences were welcomed by the parties involved in the prosecution. Andrew Butler, Head of Regulatory Services at Hertfordshire County Council, described the sentences as a “ ” for Trading Standards while FACT Chief Executive Kieron Sharp issued the customary warning to others involved in or considering the same line of business. great result “This sentence shows that if you are involved in the sale of illicit devices you can receive a criminal conviction for fraud that will have a detrimental effect on your life,” Sharp said. “We urge consumers to remain mindful of counterfeits and illicit goods being sold at markets as many illicit streaming devices have failed to meet UK safety standards, potentially risking the lives of loved ones if installed in the home.” The sentencing comes close on the heels of several other pieces of news related to unlicensed streaming and related devices in the UK. Last week, John Dodds, who was previously sentenced to serve 4.5 years in prison for selling pirate IPTV devices to pubs and clubs, was to the public purse. The court warned that failure to comply will mean an additional five years for the man who was convicted in a Premier League-led prosecution. ordered to pay £520,000 Also last week, FACT that a man who previously received a 16-month prison sentence relating to the supply of set-top boxes configured to receive Sky and BT Sport broadcasts without a subscription was ordered to hand over £10,000 under the Proceeds of Crime Act. In his case, non-payment will result in an additional six months in prison. revealed Last Wednesday, FACT investigators and the North West Regional Organised Crime Unit (ROCU) reportedly visited an address in North West England to execute warrants related to a “significant provider of illegal streaming activity.” At this stage, no further information is being made available by FACT or the police so who the target was or indeed the precise nature of the activity remains unclear. Originally published as “ Two Piracy-Configured ‘Kodi Box’ Sellers Handed One-Year Suspended Sentences ” with the Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC 3.0) license

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Two Piracy-Configured ‘Kodi Box’ Sellers Handed One-Year Suspended Sentences

Measuring satisfaction – the very concept seems weird. It’s either there or not, what’s there to measure? Yet, it turns out that you can, in fact, measure customer satisfaction, and in more than one way. Why do you need to measure customer satisfaction? The most obvious reason is that customer is the central entity in most businesses, and whether the customer is happy with you or not is a key factor of your success. It is that point on which everything hinges, and while customers may be hard-pressed to define satisfaction, we know how to measure it. Why is customer satisfaction important? . If you can’t measure it, you can’t manage it These words by Peter Drucker apply to customer satisfaction perfectly. Indeed, once you find a way to translate this ephemeral concept into facts and figures, you will know how to make it work to your advantage. By measuring, you learn how much your customers are satisfied and can compare this level to a certain benchmark. You will immediately see whether you are OK or whether some urgent measures are in order. In its turn, the increase of customer satisfaction will help you achieve quite a number of other goals: Churn prevention Customer churn is a key parameter that all businesses are afraid of and thus monitor very closely. Churn occurs when your existing customers abandon you. When you notice that your customer churn accelerates, this should trigger very loud alarm bells. The reason is that retaining customers is far less expensive than getting new ones. In fact, customer acquisition costs about as much as retention. Thus, you should try to prevent churn as much as you can, and here measuring the satisfaction and monitoring the trend will help tremendously. six to seven times Increase of customer retention, engagement, and loyalty Satisfied customers are loyal customers. When you are happy with the product or service, you will hardly start looking for a different provider. The importance of customer satisfaction in this respect is difficult to overestimate. A high level of customer satisfaction means high loyalty and retention. On the contrary, poor satisfaction can lead to customer engagement dropping. And when customers become disengaged, they leave. Word-of-mouth marketing and referrals Word-of-mouth marketing, viral marketing – this is something many businesses will kill for. On the one hand, word-of-mouth marketing is insanely effective, on the other hand – it is cheap. Your customers are advertising your business by their own free will with no effort on your side. Well, almost… For viral marketing to work, your product must be worth telling others about. Otherwise, viral marketing might backfire with unpredictable consequences. Obviously, when your customers are satisfied, they are more inclined to share their experience of your business. This is another reason for you to analyze customer satisfaction metrics – you can steer the word-of-mouth marketing and encourage customers to refer your business to their friends, but only when you are sure that they are happy with you. Upsell generation and profit increase Upsell and customer satisfaction are like the chicken and egg – one causes the other, and vice versa. A satisfied customer is more likely to consider an additional service, a premium version, or a complementary product. On the other hand, upsells create better customer experiences and, thus, increase satisfaction. The circle closes. A high level of customer satisfaction opens wider opportunities for upselling, this is why it is critical to measure it. Upsells, in their turn, lead to higher profit – and isn’t it what you started your business for? 7 metrics to measure customer satisfaction Theory should always be supported by practice, and this is what we are going to do now. How do you measure customer satisfaction? The answer is simple – you ask. That’s it, to gather the data you need, you survey customers. However, there is a catch – you need to ask the right questions. Now, customer satisfaction is a complex concept consisting of a whole line of different metrics that allow you to evaluate the general level of your service as viewed by your customers. For each metrics, you need a special customer satisfaction survey. By interpreting its results, you will get the knowledge you need to improve your performance. Let’s look at the key metrics used to measure customer satisfaction and how to gather them. #1 Customer Service Satisfaction (CSS) Customer service satisfaction shows exactly what the name suggests – how the customers are satisfied with your service. CSS can be measured by displaying a chat rating form after each interaction between the customer and the service. For example, enable a satisfaction form in your asking customers to rate their customer service experience on a scale from “Great” to “Poor”. live chat software You can measure CSS on an ongoing basis and observe the trends and patterns. As you gather data over time, you will see where improvements are in order. Usually, CSS surveys also provide an overall score showing how your customers rate your service. If, for example, 90% or more customers rated you as “Great”, there is, probably, nothing to worry about. However, if your score drops to 60-70%, that’s an indicator that you should take some measures. The great thing about CSS is that you can measure it on a regular basis without preparing and launching a special survey. On the flip side, however, CSS does not give you a complete picture of your product and the customer’s satisfaction with it. It only shows how happy the customer is with the particular interaction. Still, this is valuable knowledge that can help you in your strategic planning. #2 Net Promoter Score (NPS) The Net Promoter Score shows how willing your customers are to recommend you. NPS is great in the way that it brings knowledge on more than one level. On the one hand, it shows the viral marketing opportunities. On the other hand, it allows estimating your business growth. To measure NPS, you need to ask just one question: On a scale from 0 to 10, how likely are you to recommend our company to a friend or colleague? The results fall into three groups: Detractors (0-6). These respondents are unlikely to become your promoters or even loyal customers. They may even play an adverse role by spreading negative comments about your business. Passives (7-8). People who rated their willingness to recommend you as 7 or 8 are, in fact, hardly likely to do so. However, they will not discourage others from using your product, either. Promoters (9-10). These customers are your loyal supporters that can refer others to you and promote your brand and product. You can run this survey any way you want it – in a chat, by email, on your website. To calculate your NPS, subtract the share of detractors from the share of promoters. Image credit: New Breed Blog What does your NPS tell you? Of course, the higher the better, but there are subtle nuances that you should take into account. First, , department stores getting the highest score. Thus, if you do not get the highest figure, it may be a common trend for your industry. NPS varies greatly between industries Second, while you should aim as high as possible, an NPS score of 60-70 is quite OK. An NPS of 100 means that every single customer is highly willing to recommend you. Does not look realistic, does it? There is one aspect where NPS falls short. While it tells you that you are not performing as you should, it does not tell you why. However, there is a way to find this out, too. Just add a follow-up question to your NPS survey: For detractors and passives: What can we do to improve?For promoters: Thank you! What do you like about our product to rate it so highly? This survey is also a great opportunity to gauge the Product-Market Fit – see whether there is a market for your product and whether your product satisfies this market. You can do it by adding one more question: How would you feel if you could no longer use our product? If you get or more people saying they are going to be very disappointed if your product disappears, this means there is a strong market for you and you can plan growth. 40% #3 Customer Effort Score (CES) Customer Effort Score determines how easy it is for a customer to use a product or service. Again, to measure CES, you need to ask a question. In this case, it is going to look as follows: Overall, how easy was it to..? Depending on what you offer, finish the question with “…have your issue resolved”, “…install our application”, “…have a product returned”, and so on. Let customers rate their experience on a scale from very easy to very difficult. You can even use emojis as ratings if you wish. Image credit: Usabilla blog Your CES scale can have 5, 7 or 10 values, 1 always representing “Extremely easy” and the highest number representing “Extremely difficult”. Your CES will be the average of all your responses. Obviously, the lower the better. Alternatively, you can have only 3 values – . In this case, subtract the percentage of responses from the percentage of and discard the and aim for higher scores. “Easy”, “Neither”, “Difficult” “Difficult” “Easy” “Neither” Why do you need CES? CES gives you an idea of your customers’ loyalty to your brand and allows evaluating opportunities for word-of-mouth marketing. Still, CES has its limitations – it only measures customer effort in connection with a single product or service without forming a complete picture of your business. But don’t worry, this is why we recommend using several metrics for measuring customer satisfaction. #4 Customer Satisfaction Score (CSAT) The Customer Satisfaction Score is one of the key metrics as it is a rather straightforward way to find out whether your customers are happy with you or not. It is measured with a question that is equally straightforward: How would you rate your overall satisfaction with our product/service? The CSAT is rated on a 1-5, 1-7, or 1-10 scale, 1 usually being the worst experience the customer ever had. Most often, a CSAT survey is offered to complete the customer experience of your product or service. This way, you can get the most relevant customer feedback immediately. The CSAT is calculated as a percentage of satisfied customers in the total number of respondents. A CSAT of 70% or higher is considered good for the business. On the , CSAT usually varies from 60 to 80% depending on the industry. US market The greatest advantage of the CSAT is that it is simple and intuitive. Moreover, since you usually offer a CSAT survey immediately following an interaction with the customer, they are still “in the context” of their experience and, therefore, can give the most realistic answer. On the other hand, customers whose experience was unsatisfactory might simply refuse to answer the survey. This way, you may get results that show a higher percentage of satisfied customers while, in fact, their number is lower. Image credit: Nice in Contact blog #5 Customer Health Score (CHS) Customer Health indicates whether your customer is going to remain with you or is about to churn. Unlike other types of customer satisfaction metrics, CHS does not use customer surveys. It is based on the observation of customer behavior over time. Customer Health uses lots of different factors. For example, you can process the following metrics to measure CHS: How long the customer uses your productWhether they are using one or several productsWhether they are using a free version or a premium oneThe number of upsells, if anyThe amount of money they spent with youHow often they contact your support serviceHow willing they are to participate in other surveysFor B2B products and services – whether top executives are users of your product Of course, for each business, the methodology of calculating and analyzing their CHS will be different with a different weight assigned to particular metrics. What’s important is that at the end of the day you should be able to place your customers into three main groups: healthy, at-risk, poor. It is critical not only to define CHS for each customer but to observe it over time. A healthy customer showing a steady decline in their health score definitely requires close attention. #6 Online ratings/reviews Adding an online review option to your product or service is a great technique of increasing your customer base and boosting your sales. value online reviews higher than product descriptions by brands. 90% of customers We always look for those stars next to the product name and will hardly buy something with just one or two stars. In the context of online reviews, we have two recommendations: Make sure your product is good enough to encourage positive reviewsProvide an option for customers to rate your product and to write a review However, the most objective reviews are usually found on dedicated platforms, such as or . There are even special review websites for where you can rate software products and look up their ratings – or . Trustpilot Yelp Capterra G2 Crowd No matter where you look, the general concept is the same – the higher the better. If your rating is 4.6-5, you are totally OK. The rating of 4-4.5 is also good but suggests that there is room for improvement. If, however, your rating drops below 4, there is definitely something wrong with your product and you need to plan urgent measures. Online ratings allow monitoring your market position in real time and your standing against your competitors. On the flip side, online ratings can sometimes be a bit far from objective as some companies create high ratings artificially while others do not even bother to remind their customers to rate the service. #7 Customer Churn Rate (CCR) Churn rate is the percentage of customers you lost over a certain period. As we mentioned already, getting new customers is much more expensive than retaining the existing ones. Thus, it is important to monitor your churn, too, in order not to miss a negative trend. To calculate the churn rate, you need to determine the period for which you are going to calculate it. Then subtract the number of customers at the end of the period from their number at the beginning of the period. Divide the result by the number of customers at the beginning, and you will get your churn rate. Image credit: Grow blog CCR is a rather comprehensive metric that shows whether there is a problem. Then it’s up to you to find reasons for customers dropping out and take measures – adding new services or adjusting the existing ones, introducing reminder messages, etc. #8 Bonus: Other customer satisfaction and service metrics Customer satisfaction is a multi-layered concept that can be measured from lots of different angles. In a support service, it may be a good idea to monitor such special metrics as first response time and time to close. Customers appreciate it when you value their time, thus, include time-related metrics into your analytical toolset. how long it takes for your agents to pick up a call or chat. Customers do not like to wait on hold, thus keep the first response time as short as possible. If you find that your customer service takes too long to respond, it may mean that you need more agents on board. Alternatively, think of introducing additional training courses for your agents, so that they handle customer requests quicker. First response time shows how long you take to resolve a customer issue. Again, this knowledge is important in the context of customers valuing their time and wanting their issues to be cleared as fast as possible. Time to close shows Most customer communication tools include the options for monitoring and You can follow the trends and patterns and see where improvement may be in order. the first response time time to close. Of course, there are other that you can use to measure customer satisfaction and your overall performance . customer service metrics Decide which are relevant for your business and set them up according to your specifics – and you will have a complete picture of your customer satisfaction level. How to improve your customer satisfaction metrics? Now that you have measured your customer satisfaction, the logical question is what to do with the knowledge you obtained. Make it work for your benefit – use it to improve the quality of your service. Here’s the action plan for customer satisfaction improvement: Choose the types of customer satisfaction metrics that are right for you. Analyze the results to see the points of improvement – you may find that customers have issues with your product, have difficulties in communicating with your support, or consider your pricing strategy far from optimal. Take measures to improve the shortcomings that you identified. Keep gathering the metrics to see whether the steps you took have the desired effect. Bottom line By now, you may feel a bit overwhelmed with the number of metrics and the various methodologies of measuring them. Indeed, measuring customer satisfaction may be a complex task. However, there is a way of making it easier – use customer communication software that has built-in analytical tools. This way, you will only need to set up your communication platform in accordance with your business goals, and it will return the metrics you require in any form you wish – on a visual graphic dashboard or in a separate report. Try , and you will see how much useful information it can bring. HelpCrunch Disclaimer: This post was originally published on the HelpCrunch blog by Daniil Kopilevych, Head of Growth at HelpCrunch. Previously published at https://helpcrunch.com/blog/customer-satisfaction-metrics/

7 Critical Customer Satisfaction Metrics You Need to Measure

MongoDB is a document-based NoSQL , typically used for its ability to quickly scale, especially large amounts of data. MongoDB has two clear main benefits over SQL when it comes to data organization: database – Since a schema isn’t necessary upfront, getting started with MongoDB is quick and straightforward. You can dump unstructured data, query as you need, and worry about organizing your data later. Flexible and easy setup – Because data is stored in name-value pairs, querying large volumes of data can be quite fast in MongoDB compared to relational databases – with the right indexes. Speed tl;dr - Take Our MongoDB 101 course for FREE What is MongoDB Atlas? MongoDB Atlas is MongoDB's fully-managed cloud database service and the easiest way to deploy a MongoDB database. Anyone can get started with a 512 MB free cluster that you can deploy from your chosen cloud provider: Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), or Microsoft Azure. MongoDB Atlas provides all of the features of MongoDB while reducing the overhead involved in database administration tasks, which has proven to be a game-changer for companies like SEGA Hardlight, Thermo Fisher, and countless others who have chosen to run their MongoDB instances in the cloud. What is MongoDB used for? Because of the ease, flexibility, and scalability that MongoDB (or MongoDB Atlas) provides, it has been a popular choice for web and mobile developers who want to jump straight to development without worrying about the admin overhead. In the Enterprise arena, countless companies in areas like Gaming, IoT, Financial Services, e-Commerce, Healthcare, Travel, Logistics, and Telecommunications have chosen MongoDB to handle large volumes of fast-moving data in a scalable way. Description for Our MongoDB course We’ve already built Studio 3T, the number one third-party GUI and IDE for developers and data engineers who work with MongoDB. Since 2017, we’ve supported more than 3,000 teachers, students, and researchers worldwide through our Education Program. We’re taking our mission further with Academy 3T, designed to be the most practical resource for learning MongoDB regardless of one’s skill level or experience. Now we’ve created MongoDB 101, the fastest way to learn MongoDB - for free! Can Beginners Take Our MongoDB Course - YES! MongoDB 101 is a FREE course developed with absolute beginners in mind. It covers the whole spectrum of MongoDB basics – querying, importing and exporting data, the aggregation pipeline – in just two hours, making it ideal for anyone who wants to learn MongoDB, fast. MongoDB 101: Why Should You Take Our Course? In our MongoDB 101 course, you'll use test datasets, a free MongoDB Atlas cluster, and Studio 3T to show you how to: Set up a MongoDB Atlas cluster Connect to your MongoDB Atlas cluster or local instance using Studio 3T from JSON and CSV files Import collections View data in three different ways: View Table, Tree, and JSON , including aggregations Write and run your first MongoDB queries Export query results to a JSON file to the MongoDB query language Translate SQL queries Use to load script files and run queries IntelliShell What Do Our Students Say about MongoDB 101? “Awesome product and to top it, awesome MongoDB tutorial. Believe me, I was struggling to learn the basics from MongoDB University but your course was so clean and clear with examples. Keep up the great work!” - Guna "Extremely useful to learn the basics of MongoDB. Highly recommended." - Asif "Many people come from the relational databases world, so the initial relationship between relational concepts and Mongo concepts makes it so clear to understand. Nice!" - David “Studio 3T is a wonderful tool for both entry-level and advanced users. It has the functionality to help build queries, while also allowing the user to turn off the training wheels and code as needed. The ability to write queries is amazingly helpful when moving from relational databases to NoSQL.” - Tom SQL "Great, quick, MongoDB course I could relate to the compare to SQL databases, struggle a bit with , so Studio 3T was a great help to query an existing database." - Luis JSON "Thank you for providing true value to the people! This was very much appreciated!" - Sergui “Studio 3T is the best tool for learning about the document-based databases. It provides three different views for a collection (analogous to a table in SQL databases) i.e. Table View, Tree View, and JSON View, the best feature for understanding the structure of a collection in greater depth. Normally dealing with JSON files, a text-based query is used (which means you must have a know-how of functions and their respective parameters), but Studio 3T provides a Visual Query Builder so that even without any knowledge of functions, anyone can query a database. Furthermore, it provides an IntelliShell in which we can use scripts or write a query. We can also use SQL queries in Studio 3T editor. An Aggregation Editor is also available to write queries in stages which results in an accurate query and makes debugging a lot easier, we can also import and export data using Studio 3T. It also supports connectivity with MongoDB Atlas, which is the global cloud database service for modern applications. 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Problem statement Since AWS doesn’t support auto-scaling for kinesis streams most of the time we either over provision the shards and pay more or under provision them and taking a hit on the performance. Solution: Using a combination of cloud watch alarms, SNS topics and Lambda we can implement auto-scaling for kinesis streams through which we can manage the shard count and hitting the right balance between cost and performance. Overview of the solution: Both scale up and scale down by implemented by monitoring “PutRecords.Bytes” metrics of the stream: Scale up (doubling of shards) will automatically happen once the stream is utilized more than 80% of its capacity at least once in the given 2 minutes rolling window.Scale down (reducing the shards into half) will automatically happen once the stream is not utilized more than 40% of its capacity at least 3 times in the given 5 minutes rolling window Note: We can also use “IncomingBytes” or “IncomingRecords” to implement the same. We scale up really quick so we don’t take a hit on performance and scale down slowly so we can avoid too many scale up and scale down operations. Implementation details: Determine % of utilization for kinesis streams: Lets say: Payload size = 100 KB Total records (per second) = 500 AWS recommended shard count = 49 To determine whether its 80% utilized we do the following: Total bytes max can be written in 2 minutes = (((100 * 500)*60)*2) = 6,000,000 KB 80% of it would be = 4,800,000 KB Similarly 40% of it would be 2,400,000 KB Scale out The below diagram shows the flow when we perform a scale out operation Configuration for “Scale out alarm” would be: Metric Name: PutRecord.Bytes Stream Name: ETL Kinesis stream Period: 2 minutes Threshold >= 4800000Datapoints: 1 Statistic: Sum Action: Notify topic “Scale SNS topic” So when we reach 80% of the stream capacity the following happens: Cloud watch alarm “Scale out alarm” will be triggered Notification is sent to SNS topic “Scale SNS topic” which triggers “Scale out lambda” Lambda will scale the number of shards = current shards * 2 and update the threshold to the based on the new shard count. Let’s say the new shard count is “98”, then Max bytes that can be written in 2 minutes (100 KB * 1000 records) = 12,000,000 KB 80% of it would be 9,600,000 KB 40% of it would be 4,800,000 KB Reset the “Scale out alarm” back to “OK” state from “ALARM” state Scale in The below diagram shows the flow when we perform a scale in operation Note: 40% value is calculated for 15 minute interval = (100*1000*15*60)*40/100 = 36,000,000 Configuration for “Scale in alarm” would be: Metric Name: PutRecord.Bytes Stream Name: ETL Kinesis stream Period: 15 minutes Threshold <= 36000000 Datapoints: 3 Statistic: Sum Action: Notify topic “Scale in SNS topic” So when we utilize only 40% of the stream capacity the following happens: Cloud watch alarm “Scale in alarm” will be triggered Notification is sent to SNS topic “Scale in SNS topic” which triggers “Scale in lambda” Lambda will scale the number of shards = current shards / 2 and update the threshold to the based on the new shard count. Reset the “Scale in alarm” back to “OK” state from “ALARM” state Lambda (scale out) The attached code “Lambda.js” is written in nodeJs and just for demo purpose so instead of dynamically calculating the threshold value its hardcoded, but the same code can be enhanced to determine all of things mentioned in this post Environment variables: ALARM_NAME = “Scale out alarm” MAX_SHARDS = 100 MIN_SHARDS = 10 STREAM_NAME = “ETL Kinesis stream” Pseudo code: Describe the stream and only continue if the stream is not “UPDATING” (if previous scale up/down action has not completed) Calculate the new shardCount Update the cloudwatch alarm threshold using “putMetricAlarm()” Update the shard count using “updateShardCount()” Wait for shard scale up or scale down operation to complete using “describeStream()” (not implemented in the current code) then reset the state of the alarm to “OK” state using “setAlarmState()” COGS reduction: In order to get 1000 TPS for payload of record size 100KB we need to pay 1223.62$, by this approach we can control scale up and scale down which directly reduces the cost of these AWS resources I am happy to take any feedback or improvements to this approach, thanks for reading it. Previously published at https://medium.com/@hariohmprasath/autoscaling-with-kinesis-stream-cogs-reduction-dfd87848ce9a

Flow

Methodology Of Autoscaling For Kinesis Streams

This blog post shows how you can debug a simple Node.js application running in a Docker container. The tutorial is laid out in a fashion that allows you to use it as a reference while you’re building your own Node.js application and is intended for readers who have prior exposure to JavaScript programming and Docker. Prerequisites 1. . For details about installing Docker, refer to the page. Docker Install Docker 2. 10 or higher. To check out if Node.js is installed on your computer, fire up a terminal window and type the following command: Node.js node -v If Node.js is already installed, you'll see something like the following: v10.15.3 If Node.js is not installed, you can download the installer from the page. Download 3. . For details on how to install Visual Studio, refer to the page. Microsoft Visual Studio Install Visual Studio Initializing Your Todo Application For the scope of this tutorial, we’ll create a bare-bones todo list that allows users to add and delete tasks. There will be a small bug in the application and we’ll use Visual Studio Code to debug the code and fix the issue. The knowledge you’ll acquire in this tutorial will help you debug your own applications. Let’s get started. 1. Fire up a new terminal window, move into your projects directory, and then execute the following command: mkdir MyTodoApp && MyTodoApp cd 2. Initialize the project with: npm init -y This will output something like the following: Wrote to /Users/ProspectOne/Documents/MyTodoApp/package.json:

{ : , : , : , : , : { : }, : [], : , : } "name" "MyTodoApp" "version" "1.0.0" "description" "" "main" "index.js" "scripts" "test" "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1" "keywords" "author" "" "license" "ISC" Creating a Bare-bones Todo Application We’ll build our todo application using , a fast, unopinionated, minimalist web framework for Node.js. Express was designed to make developing websites much easier and it’s one of the most popular Node.js web frameworks. Express 1. Install and a few other prerequisites by entering the following command: express npm install express body-parser cookie-session ejs  --save > ejs@3.0.1 postinstall /Users/ProspectOne/Documents/ /MyTodoApp/node_modules/ejs
> node ./postinstall.js

Thank you installing EJS: built with the Jake JavaScript build tool (https://jakejs.com/)

npm notice created a lockfile as package-lock.json. You should commit this file.
npm WARN MyTodoApp@1.0.0 No description
npm WARN MyTodoApp@1.0.0 No repository field.

+ ejs@3.0.1
+ body-parser@1.19.0
+ express@4.17.1
+ cookie-session@1.3.3
added 55 packages from 39 contributors and audited 166 packages 6.533s
found 0 vulnerabilities test for in 2. Create a file called with the following content: app.js const express = require( )
const app = express()
const bodyParser = require( )
const session = require( )
const urlencodedParser = bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: })
const port = 3000

app.use(session({ secret: process.env.SECRET }))
  .use( (req, res, next) {
    next()
  })

  .get ( , (req, res) {
    res.render( , { todolist: req.session.todolist })
  })

  .post ( , urlencodedParser, (req, res) { (req.body.newtodo != ) {
      req.session.todolist.push(req.body.newtodo)
    }
    res.redirect( )
  })

  .get ( , (req, res) { (req.params.id != ) {
      req.session.todolist.splice(req.params.id, 1)
    }
    res.redirect( )
  })

  .use ( (req, res, next) {
    res.redirect( )
  })


  .listen(port, () => console.log(`MyTodo app is listening on port !`)) 'express' 'body-parser' 'cookie-session' false function '/todo' function 'todo.ejs' '/todo/add/' function if '' '/todo' '/todo/delete/:id' function if '' '/todo' function '/todo' ${port} Note that the above snippet is a derivative work of the code from the openclassroom.com website and explaining how this code works is beyond the scope of this tutorial. If the details are fuzzy, we recommend you check out to further your learning after you finish this tutorial. their site 3. Create a file called and paste into it the following content: ./views/todo.ejs <!DOCTYPE html>

<html>
    <head>
        <title>My todolist</title>
        <style>
            a {text-decoration: none; color: black;}
        </style>
    </head>

    <body>
        <h1>My todolist</h1>

        <ul>
        <% todolist.forEach( (todo, index) { %>
            <li><a href= >✘</a> <%= todo %></li>
        <% }); %>
        </ul>

        <form action= method= >
            <p>
                <label = >What should I ?</label>
                <input = name= id= autofocus />
                <input = />
            </p>
        </form>
    </body>
</html> function "/todo/delete/<%= index %>" "/todo/add/" "post" for "newtodo" do type "text" "newtodo" "newtodo" type "submit" 4. At this point, your directory structure should look something like the following: tree -L 2 -I node_modules .
├── app.js
├── package-lock.json
├── package.json
└── views
    └── todo.ejs

1 directory, 4 files 5. Now you are ready to start your web server by entering: SECRET=bestkeptsecret; node app.js This will print out the following message to the console: MyTodo app is listening on port 3000! Create a Docker Image Now that you’ve written the Todo application, it's time to add create a Docker image for it. Each Docker container is based on a Docker image that contains all the information needed to deploy and run your app with Docker. To run a Docker container you can: Download an existing Docker image Create your own image In this tutorial, you'll create your own image. Note that a Docker image is usually comprised of multiple layers and each layer is basically a read-only filesystem. The way this works is that Docker creates a layer for each instruction found in the Dockerfile and places it atop of the previous layers. It is considered good practice to . place the application’s code, that changes often, closer to the bottom of the file 1. Create a file called and paste the following snippet into it: Dockerfile FROM node:10
WORKDIR /usr/src/app
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm install
COPY . .
EXPOSE 3000
CMD [ , ] "node" "app.js" Let’s take a closer look at this file: : sets the base image. Everything you’ll add later on it’ll be based on this image. In this example, we’re using Node.js version 10. FROM : this command sets the working directory that’ll be used for the COPY, RUN, and CMD commands. WORKDIR : this line of code runs the command inside your Docker container. RUN npm install : copies files from the build context into the Docker image COPY : specifies that a process running inside the container is listening to the 3000 port. This will be useful later in this tutorial when you’ll forward ports from the host to the container. EXPOSE : this line runs the inside your Docker container . CMD node app.js only after the container has been started 2. To avoid sending large files to the build context and speed up the process, you can use a file. This is nothing more than a plain text file that contains the name of the files and directories that should be excluded from the build. You can think of it as something similar to a file. Create a file called with the following content: .dockerignore .gitignore .dockerignore node_modules
npm-debug.log 3. Now you can go ahead and build your Docker image by entering the command followed by: docker build The -t parameter which specifies the name of the image The path to the context which should point to the set of files you want to reference from your Dockerfile docker build -t prospectone/my-todo-list . Sending build context to Docker daemon  24.58kB
Step 1/7 : FROM node:10
 ---> c5d0d6dc0b5b
Step 2/7 : WORKDIR /usr/src/app
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 508b797a892e
Step 3/7 : COPY package*.json ./
 ---> 0b821f725c19
Step 4/7 : RUN npm install
 ---> Running d692a6278d2b

> ejs@3.0.1 postinstall /usr/src/app/node_modules/ejs
> node ./postinstall.js

Thank you installing EJS: built with the Jake JavaScript build tool (https://jakejs.com/)

npm WARN MyTodoApp@1.0.0 No description
npm WARN MyTodoApp@1.0.0 No repository field.

added 55 packages from 39 contributors and audited 166 packages 2.564s
found 0 vulnerabilities

Removing intermediate container d692a6278d2b
 ---> 067de030e269
Step 5/7 : COPY . .
 ---> 3141ccb6e094
Step 6/7 : EXPOSE 3000
 ---> Running eb824e38d8c6
Removing intermediate container eb824e38d8c6
 ---> b09d55adc1c4
Step 7/7 : CMD [ , ]
 ---> Running 7e77e0cbfa75
Removing intermediate container 7e77e0cbfa75
 ---> c0a2db4c7a65
Successfully built c0a2db4c7a65
Successfully tagged prospectone/my-todo-list:latest in for in in "node" "app.js" in As mentioned above, the way the command works is that it adds a new layer for each command in your Dockerfile. Then, once a command is successfully executed, Docker deletes the intermediate container. docker build 4. Now that you’ve built your image, let’s run it by entering the command and passing it the following arguments: docker run with the port on the host (3001) that’ll be forwarded to the container (3000), separated by -p : to create an environment variable called and set its value to -e SECRET bestkeptsecret to specify that the container should be run in the background -d The name of the image ( ) prospectone/my-awesome-app docker run -p 3001:3000 -e SECRET=bestkeptsecret -d prospectone/my-todo-list db16ed662e8a3e0a93f226ab873199713936bd687a4546d2fce93e678d131243 5. You can verify that your Docker container is running with: docker ps The output should be similar to: CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                      COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
a6eb166191c7        prospectone/my-todo-list 4 seconds ago       Up 3 seconds        0.0.0.0:3001->3000/tcp   happy_hawking "docker-entrypoint.s…" 6. To inspect the logs, enter the command followed by the of your container: docker logs id docker logs a6eb166191c7 MyTodo app is listening on port 3000! 7. Now that your application is up and running, point your browser to and let us add a new todo. As you can see below, the application errors out on line 15 of the file: http://localhost:3001 todo.ejs In the next sections, you’ll learn how to debug this using Visual Studio Code. 8. But first, stop the container with: docker a6eb166191c7 kill a6eb166191c7 Enable Debugging in Microsoft Visual Studio Code Visual Studio Code provides debugging support for the Node.js applications running inside a Docker container. Follow the next steps to enable this feature: 1. Edit your Dockerfile by replacing the following line: CMD [ , ] "node" "app.js" with: CMD [ , , ] "npm" "run" "start-debug" Your Dockerfile should look something like the following: FROM node:10
WORKDIR /usr/src/app
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm install
COPY . .
EXPOSE 3000
CMD [ , , ] "npm" "run" "start-debug" 2. Open the file and add the following line to the object: package.json scripts : "start-debug" "node --inspect=0.0.0.0 app.js" This line of code starts the Node.js process and listens for a debugging client on port . 9229 Here’s how your file should look like: package.json { : , : , : , : , : { : , : }, : [], : , : , : { : , : , : , : }
} "name" "MyTodoApp" "version" "1.0.0" "description" "" "main" "index.js" "scripts" "test" "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1" "start-debug" "node --inspect=0.0.0.0 app.js" "keywords" "author" "" "license" "ISC" "dependencies" "body-parser" "^1.19.0" "cookie-session" "^1.3.3" "ejs" "^3.0.1" "express" "^4.17.1" 3. Every time the Dockerfile gets updated, you must build again your Docker image: docker build -t prospectone/my-todo-list . Sending build context to Docker daemon  19.97kB
Step 1/7 : FROM node:10
 ---> c5d0d6dc0b5b
Step 2/7 : WORKDIR /usr/src/app
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 508b797a892e
Step 3/7 : COPY package*.json ./
 ---> c0eec534b176
Step 4/7 : RUN npm install
 ---> Running a155901cb957
npm WARN MyAwesomeApp@1.0.0 No description
npm WARN MyAwesomeApp@1.0.0 No repository field.

added 50 packages from 37 contributors and audited 126 packages 11.504s
found 0 vulnerabilities

Removing intermediate container a155901cb957
 ---> 010473a35e41
Step 5/7 : COPY . .
 ---> 76dfa12d4db4
Step 6/7 : EXPOSE 3000
 ---> Running b5a334c9a2ea
Removing intermediate container b5a334c9a2ea
 ---> b5a869ab5441
Step 7/7 : CMD [ , , ]
 ---> Running 1beb2ca9a391
Removing intermediate container 1beb2ca9a391
 ---> 157b7d4cb77b
Successfully built 157b7d4cb77b
Successfully tagged prospectone/my-todo-list:latest in in in "npm" "run" "start-debug" in Note that the Step 7 has been updated, meaning that Docker will now execute the command. npm run start-debug 4. To enable debugging with Visual Studio Code, you must also forward port . Start your Docker container by entering: 9229 docker run -p 3001:3000 -p 9229:9229 -e SECRET=bestkeptsecret22222 -d perfops/my-todo-list 0f5860bebdb5c70538bcdd10ddc901411b37ea0c7d92283310700085b1b8ddc5 5. You can inspect the logs by entering the command followed the of your container: docker logs id docker logs 0f5860bebdb5c70538bcdd10ddc901411b37ea0c7d92283310700085b1b8ddc5 > My@1.0.0 start-debug /usr/src/app
> node --inspect=0.0.0.0 app.js

Debugger listening on ws://0.0.0.0:9229/59d4550c-fc0e-412e-870a-c02b4a6dcd0f
For , see: https://nodejs.org/en/docs/inspector help Note that the debugger is now listening to port . Next, you’ll configure Visual Studio code to debug your application. 9229 Debug Your Application with Visual Studio Code 1. In Visual Studio Code, open the directory. MyTodoApp 2. The configuration for debugging is stored in a file called . To open it, press and then choose . launch.json Command+Shift+P Debug: Open launch.json 3. Replace the content of the file with the following snippet: launch.json { : , : [
      { : , : , : , : 9229, : , : , : , : , : [ , ]
      }
  ]
} "version" "0.2.0" "configurations" "name" "Docker: Attach to Node" "type" "node" "request" "attach" "port" "address" "localhost" "localRoot" " " ${workspaceFolder} "remoteRoot" "/usr/src/app" "protocol" "inspector" "skipFiles" " /node_modules/**/*.js" ${workspaceFolder} "<node_internals>/**/*.js" Note that we’re using the attribute to avoid stepping through the code in the directory and the built-in core modules of Node.js. skipFiles node_modules 4. Now everything is set up and you can start debugging your application. Remember that there was an error at line 15 in the file, which basically iterates over the array: . Looking at the file you’ll see that todo.ejs gets rendered at line 14. Let’s add a breakpoint so we can inspect the value of the variable: views.js todolist todolist.forEach(function(todo, index) app.js todolist 5. Enter to switch to the view. Then, click the button: Shift+Command+D Debug Debug and Run 6. To inspect the value of the variable, you must add a new expression to watch by selecting the sign and then typing the name of the variable ( ): req.session.todolist + req.session.todolist 7. Switch to the browser window and reload the page. http://localhost:3001 Note the message at the bottom. This means that our breakpoint has paused execution and we can inspect the value of the variable. Move back to Visual Studio to get details: Waiting for localhost req.session.todolist So the variable is . Can you think of how you could fix this bug? The answer is below, but don’t continue until you’ve given it some thought. req.session.todolist undefined 8. The template iterates over the array which should be stored in the current session. But we forgot to initialize this array so it’s . Let’s fix that by adding the following lines of code to the function : ejb todolist undefined .use (typeof (req.session.todolist) == ) {
    req.session.todolist = []
} if 'undefined' Make sure you paste this snippet just above the line of code that calls the next function. Your .use function should look like below: app.use(session({ secret: process.env.SECRET }))
  .use( (req, res, next) { (typeof (req.session.todolist) == ) {
      req.session.todolist = []
    }
    next()
  }) function if 'undefined' 9. Retrieve the of your running container : id docker ps CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                      COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                            NAMES
cb9f175f7af3        prospectone/my-todo-list 15 minutes ago      Up 15 minutes       0.0.0.0:9229->9229/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3001->3000/tcp   nervous_hopper "docker-entrypoint.s…" 10. Stop the container by entering the command followed by its : docker kill id docker cb9f175f7af3 kill cb9f175f7af3 11. To apply the changes you must run the command again: docker build docker build -t prospectone/my-todo-list . Sending build context to Docker daemon  26.11kB
Step 1/7 : FROM node:10
 ---> c5d0d6dc0b5b
Step 2/7 : WORKDIR /usr/src/app
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 508b797a892e
Step 3/7 : COPY package*.json ./
 ---> Using cache
 ---> c5ac875da76b
Step 4/7 : RUN npm install
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 29e7b3bac403
Step 5/7 : COPY . .
 ---> b92f577afd57
Step 6/7 : EXPOSE 3000
 ---> Running 78606a3c2e03
Removing intermediate container 78606a3c2e03
 ---> 59c2ed552549
Step 7/7 : CMD [ , , ]
 ---> Running e0313973bb5a
Removing intermediate container e0313973bb5a
 ---> 70a675646c0d
Successfully built 70a675646c0d
Successfully tagged prospectone/my-todo-list:latest in "npm" "run" "start-debug" in 12. Now you can run the container with: docker run -p 3001:3000 -p 9229:9229 -e SECRET=bestkeptsecret222212 -d prospectone/my-todo-list f75d4ef8b702df13749b10615f3945ea61b36571b0dc42b76f50b3c99e14f4c6 13. Inspect the logs by running the following command: docker logs 10f467dbb476 f75d4ef8b702df13749b10615f3945ea61b36571b0dc42b76f50b3c99e14f4c6 14. Reload the page and add a new task: Congratulations, you’ve successfully written a bare-bones todo app, ran it inside a Docker container, and used Visual Studio Code to debug it and fix a bug. In the next blog post, we’ll walk you through the process of dockerizing an existing application. About the author - Sudip is a Solution Architect with more than 15 years of working experience, and is the founder of . He likes sharing his knowledge through writing, and while he is not doing that, he must be fishing or playing chess. Javelynn . Previously posted at https://appfleet.com/

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“It’s a basic truth of the human condition that everybody lies. The only variable is about what…” “Truth begins in lies…" These quotes are of Hugh Laurie, who played one of the most iconic characters in House M.D. These words could potentially become one of the commandments for a marketer if we simply replace “Everybody Lies” with “Every Average Lies”. The commandment would be like: Every Average Lies, Dig Deeper. Marketing dashboard and website analytics reports are full of averages. But in real life no one is “average” and no user experience is “average”. Averages are often talked about since they are an easy way to aggregate information so that others can see it more easily. But they offer little to no insight. Giving rise to the need for further dissection of numbers and going deeper. Say John Doe comes to you and tells you — “Our average time on site is up by 30 seconds! It’s 2 minutes 30 seconds this month” You need to always keep in mind that when looking at a metric, ask yourself, “what will I do differently based on this information?” So now when you look at the average visit duration, do you know any better what to do next? Any brilliant insights? You didn’t think so, right. What should you do instead? Let’s say you’re looking into average revenue per visit which is an important KPI for e-commerce stores. Say it’s $100 for John Doe’s store. #1 Dissect by Segment — You need to look at the data per segment. This would have been more insightful if you look at it per traffic source, you get more context. Now you realize the average revenue per visit (ARV) for organic visitors is $150 while accounting for 15% traffic while ARV for referral traffic is $75 while accounting for 30% traffic. This certainly would help you to make a conscious call to boost your organic efforts while revisiting the referrals platforms for optimizations. #2 Dissect by Distributions — You need to look at distributions Distributions show what makes up the average and look at the numbers in a much more manageable way. All web analytics suites show average page views per visit. Let’s say John now comes up to you and says the average page views per visit is 2.89. Now, this leads to a question: Is the more the merrier true for this case? Are more pageviews better? Probably? Well, what about looking at it from the perspective of conversions. How do you do that you segment the keeping Page Depth as a dimension and Unique Vistors and Conv. Rate as the metrics. Visitors who visited only 1, 5 and 7 had conversion rates 0.1%, 1.02%, and 12.5% respectively. Now you will be able to see for yourself that Page Depth is proportional to conversion rates. Meaning that increasing pageviews per visit would probably be useful for us. Distributions are also insightful in the case of “totals”. So instead of just looking at total transactions or leads. You could look at the number when it’s distributed by “visits to transaction/leads”. Learn that most people are ready to buy during their first visit for most eCommerce categories. For some luxury items and real estate, the numbers would be much different, with lesser weightage on first visits. #3 Dissect the Extremes — You need to rule out outliers & statistically insignificant stuff By definition, normal averages tend to favor the outliers. You need to factor this in your analysis. Let’s say you want to identify your pages with the highest bounce rate. That is: go to Site Content -> All Pages and sort by Bounce rate. You would find the data that gets displayed to be pretty much useless. Why? Cause all the pages listed here have very low visits and high bounce rates. The data for these pages would not be statistically significant. So we need to use filters to exclude all low traffic pages. You can click on ‘Advanced’ and let’s set the minimum number of unique pageviews to a given number that suits your needs say 500 or 1,000 and go ahead with the analysis. And then you can actually check out what could be wrong with these pages — and compare top bounce product pages to lowest bouncing product pages to form a hypothesis as to what might be wrong. Things to further keep in mind while analyzing: : Let’s say John’s looking for the best converting traffic sources on his website. On looking at the numbers, we find that Referrals are the best with a higher conversion rate than Organic. 1. Use total numbers next to ratios But when we add more context around it by adding the number of visitors and transactions. We find the “top 5” converting sources account for less than 10% of total transactions. Ergo, having total numbers (transactions) next to the ratios (conversion rates) will give us more context. : The key is to identify metrics that provide actionable insights. You need to be able to look at a metric, ask “so what”? — and have an answer. 2. Choose the right metrics for analysis “Our top ‘exit’ pages are blog posts”. So what? John, we need to do a better job directing blog traffic elsewhere after reading the post. “Conversion rates for our top Instagram campaigns are way up”. So what? John, we should increase our budget for Instagram campaigns. “Our average time on site is up by 30 seconds!” So what? Em…err.. no idea, John. Ergo, if you have an answer to John’s “So what?”. You’re looking at the right metric, else you’re not. Long story short. Humans are prone to have selection bias, outliers, false-positive bias confirmation bias and so one. The list is long and full of terrors. Accounting for biases, data should be looked granularly and deeply. In addition to discussed dissections, one can dissect with age, gender, site-searchers, location, network, browser, device, and so on.. The list is long and full of colors. Each color of thoughtful dissection leads to a beautiful masterpiece of an analysis.. :)

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DJ Patil and Jeff Hammerbacher coined the title while working at LinkedIn and Facebook, respectively, to mean someone who “uses data to interact with the world, study it and try to come up with new things.” Data Scientist Although they purposefully kept the term vague to encapsulate the broad nature of the field, a common argument goes: “Data science is a science, so you need to be an experienced PhD to be a practioner.” Others simply denounce “ ” with “no knowledge of the fundamental theory of the field.” As another article , “data scientists must learn Python.” fake data scientists puts it However, we can clearly see in a few ways that a data scientist doesn’t need an advanced degree, coding expertise, or even a lot of experience: The FAANGs, LinkedIn, and most companies don’t ask for advanced degrees. No-Code and low-code data science don’t need technical expertise. Many leading Data Scientists don’t have advanced degrees. Data science bootcamps bring many people into the field without a degree. Many PhDs lack the practical experience to work in the field. . 1. The FAANGs, LinkedIn, and most companies don’t ask for advanced degrees Remember how analysts at Facebook and LinkedIn coined the term “data scientist?” Well, PhDs (or even Master’s) aren’t a requirement at either of those companies, or almost any of the . 100+ companies hiring data scientists right now As a Facebook exec : writes “We’re looking for talent, no matter what their background.” Indeed, Zuckerberg himself is a drop-out. If we look at a at Facebook, we’ll find BS “or equivalent experience” in the job requirements. Data Scientist job opening The same is true for this “ ” role at Google — asking for a “BA/BS degree or equivalent practical experience.” Product Analytics Lead, Data Science The “or equivalent practical experience” is featured after the preferred degree in every opening I looked at, even in a . Data Scientist Lead role Looking at similar roles at LinkedIn, there are asks for a “BS equivalent experience.” or At Amazon, data scientist roles ask for a Bachelor’s degree. Even this role requires just a Bachelor’s. like this one Senior Data Scientist At Apple, “prefers” a Master’s while explicitly asks for a Bachelor’s. this Data Scientist role this role Like Google, Netflix doesn’t require a degree at all. 2. No-Code and low-code data science don’t need technical expertise. In the Internet’s early days, building a website required serious technical prowess. Now, no-code tools like Wordpress and Wix enable anyone to quickly launch a site. This “ ” process has occurred in many fields, including design (Canva), information (Google), computing (Apple), commerce (eBay, Shopify), and now in data science, with no-code tools like . democratization Apteo While the early days of data science required considerable experience across a range of fields, today’s solutions are more “plug-and-play” than ever. Now, anyone can “turn data into insights,” including making visualizations and predictions on data, without any code. 3. Many leading Data Scientists don’t have advanced degrees. By now, you might be saying: “Sure, companies don’t need advanced degrees, but those with advanced degrees make better data scientists.” This is also wrong. Data Scientists like Nate Silver and Paul DePodesta, who helped popularize the field, have , but no advanced degrees. Hammerbacher, who we mentioned earlier as he helped coin the term “data scientist,” only has a bachelor’s in mathematics. bachelor’s degrees in economics Kaggle’s top competitor doesn’t have a Ph.D., and Kaggle’s CEO himself admonishes the lack of practical thinking he sees in some data science PhDs: “Ph.D.s in computer science and statistics spend too much time thinking about what algorithm to apply and not enough thinking about common sense issues like which set of variables (or features) are most likely to be important.” 4. Data science bootcamps bring many people into the field without a degree. There are many bootcamps or “skills training” courses that teach the skills necessary to be a data scientist, regardless of their academic background. In fact, these are extremely valuable for the industry, as they help to fill the . shortage of tens of thousands of analytics professionals For instance, has taught 75,000+ students, with graduates at companies like Facebook, Microsoft, IBM, Spotify, and Amazon. BrainStation teaches the skills you need in 15 weeks, and even guarantees your money back if you don’t get a data science job. So much for “you need an eight-year Ph.D.” FlatIron’s data science program Other data science bootcamps, like , boast that over 2,250 of their graduates have been hired. Galvanize 5. Many PhDs lack the practical experience to work in the field. Although some point to a Ph.D. as a “holy grail” to enter the field, this couldn’t be further from the truth. Even with a Ph.D., you’d still need to acquire practical skills to work in the field. As one Ph.D. graduate : wrote “I had just walked away from 8 years of study and hard work with no plan.” In 6 months, she taught herself the practical skills to become a data scientist, as any Ph.D. would need to do. In other words: “A Ph.D. is not enough,” and many books and courses exist to re-train academicians to acquire more practical skills. Many will admit that “you don’t need a PhD to do data science,” and there are several factors that can hold back PhDs, such as: PhD data scientists “Stereotypes about the poor quality of academic code.” The “academic bubble.” “PhDs tend to be bad at marketing themselves.” “In academia, people stick to their niche and end up speaking only to others in their discipline.” You absolutely do not need a Ph.D. to be a data scientist, and while it can help, it can also hold you back.

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For the most part, Go developers are pretty good about using constants for global configuration, rather than global variables.  A problem arises however when we want a global constant slice or map. The go compiler doesn't allow these more complex types to be set as constant. Many developers, upon making this realization, decide to then use a dangerous global variable. In this article we will explore a better option. A Brief Refresher on Globals and Constants package foo safeRateLimit = var dangerousRateLimit = // this is a global constant const 10 // this is a global variable 10 When setting configuration globals, which should be read-only, there is no reason to use a global variable. By using a variable instead of a constant you: Open up the potential for bugs when you or someone else accidentally mutates the value Confuse future developers who assume the value is supposed to change Most people already know this about global variables thankfully, and switching global variables to global constants is a fairly straightforward task. What If I Want A Global Slice or Map? Let's assume the following situation: We have a program that needs two sets of configurations. The configurations are: A list of supported social media networks A rate limit for making API calls to the networks (we assume they all have the same rate limit) Now that we know a bit about the configs we make the following decisions: Because these configurations will not change based on the environment the program is running in, rather than use environment variables we elect to set the values in code Since they are needed in many places in the app, , instead of passing them into 20+ functions we choose to scope them globally Because they should not change during the execution of the program, we decide to make them constant We then write the following code : main rateLimit = supportedNetworks = [] { , , } package const 10 const string "facebook" "twitter" "instagram" Much to our surprise, when we try to compile this code we get the following error: initializer []string literal is not a constant const Go doesn't allow complex types like slices and maps to be constant! Our first instinct may be to lazily switch it to a variable, and add a comment: main rateLimit = supportedNetworks = [] { , , } package const 10 // this is meant to be constant! Please don't mutate it! var string "facebook" "twitter" "instagram" Whenever we find ourselves leaving comments like this, we should be aware we are doing something . wrong The Better Solution It's much better to use an initializer function (not to be confused with Go's conventional init() function). An initializer function is a function that simply declares something and returns it. A good solution to our problem would be as follows: main rateLimit = { [] { , , }
} package const 10 [] func getSupportedNetworks () string return string "facebook" "twitter" "instagram" Now, anywhere in the program we can use the result of and we know that there is no way we can get a mutated value. getSupportedNetworks() Thanks for reading! By Lane Wagner @wagslane Learn with Qvault: https://classroom.qvault.io Previously published at https://qvault.io/2019/10/21/how-to-global-constant-maps-and-slices-in-go/

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In the last few decades, have grown exponentially. The e-commerce industry is exploding and creating millions of opportunities for the growing population. Shopping online has been a luxury with the growth of the industry, but not anymore. Ordering goods and services online has undeniably become a necessity for most customers who prefer shopping online to shopping physically in stores for convenience. With the need for convenient shopping comes the demand for services, presenting the best moment to start an eCommerce business and advance on to financial freedom. Remember, seizing the moment is just the first step to becoming your own boss, a thousand more lie ahead. E-commerce businesses Indeed, building the business from scratch is not as easy as a walk in the park. Are you already panicking where to begin? Relax. However hard it is, the bright side is that it is possible and has been done before. You don't need to build the business from scratch as there are already structured platforms to modify on and get started in no time. Launching a successful E-Commerce business that generates quick sales becomes very easy when you analyse your potential business using the right tools. Hang on and let me share with you a few but effective steps to starting and growing your own ECommerce business: STEP 1: Laying A Solid Foundation for Your Business Like any other physical structure, building a great eCommerce business needs laying a solid foundation for guaranteed success. Below are the key steps to consider in this phase: 1. Select a Product Niche: The competition in E-Commerce businesses is quite stiff with the increase in the vast number of people interested in venturing into the industry. To give you a little head start, consider venturing into a specific niche that you are comfortable with. Choose a particular niche that gives you the first crack ahead of other established businesses within your selected niche. For instance, if your business is steered at selling electronics, why not narrow your business down to focus on laptops, phones, or sound systems? It is critical to ask yourself the following questions during the selection: How long am I staying in this business? Does my intended business rely on trendy or new products? Who are my ideal clients, individual consumers, or other businesses? Focus on your particular niche for your eCommerce business only after answering the above questions critically. 2. Make Your Business Stand Out The next step in laying the foundation is planning , standing out among other businesses. The attraction gives your business a head start ahead of other businesses. It is equally important to understand what your competitors do and what they do not do to excel in their businesses for you to beat them. how to make the business peculiar and attractive to customers The few questions that play a key role in this phase are: What makes my competitors unique and peculiar? What are their methods of leads generation? What advertisement platforms do they use? What aspect is missing in their business that could make them better? With the answers to these important questions, improve on their business strategies, and make your business a premier version of their business with unparalleled features. 3) Consider Branding Your Ecommerce Business Creating your business brand should be the first priority in doing your online business as it plays a big role in the success of your business. The brand is everything the customers see, feel, and experience while using your services. Therefore it is essential to brand all aspects of the business, from the appearance, theme, logo, style, tone, content, to sales and marketing copy. It is imperative for smart businesses to consider branding your eCommerce business to differentiate your merchandise or catalogues from competitors. The very first brand you make is the business name. The brand is what will always ring in the minds of millions of your customers by the mention of your products. Hence, you need to choose a perfect name for your business, which should also be the domain name for your website. You could do a quick name search on a business name generator online and pick the best and most appealing name for your business. The other thing you ought to do is create a very nice logo that depicts the quality products/ services offered. 4) Register Your Business Legally Do business the legitimate way. Assure your customers that they are buying products from a verified company. Registering your business is a critical step in establishing an eCommerce business. Plan and decide how your business will operate, either by a partnership, sole proprietorship, corporation, or LLC business before registering your business. With a clear plan on how to run your business, register your business name to get permits and licenses required for your business to operate legally. This phase plays a key role in saving you from any legal issues you may encounter in the future and in protecting your customers. STEP 2: Sourcing Products with Low Capital and Risk Several factors affect where and how to source products for your , namely: your product niche, starting capital, and the available time you have. If you produce the products by yourself, there is no need to outsource products but rather increase production. On the other hand, you could source from wholesalers from Amazon. eCommerce store If you are considering a low risk and low capital online business, then dropshipping could be an option. This business model saves you from the trouble of acquisition and shipping. As a dropshipper, your responsibility is to find profitable products, import the perfect product for your niche to your store, and sell to your customers. Once an order has been placed in your store, it is redirected to your supplier, who will be responsible for fulfilling all orders. STEP 3: Selecting a Sales Channel With the products in your store, the next step is choosing an excellent method of moving the products online. There are several options to move the products, either through your online store or other online marketplaces like Amazon, Etsy, or eBay. If you seek long term investment, it is essential to consider the growth of your online store. Hence, consider building your online store through which your shoppers can instantly buy. Below is a perfect way to build an online store: Building Your Ecommerce Store You can depend on self-hosted and host (SaaS) eCommerce platforms to run your online store. Feel free to download some of these platforms and install them on your hosting servers, customize them to make your online store.WooCommerce, PrestaShop, and Magento are all promising self-hosted platforms. If you prefer using hosted (SaaS) platforms such as Shopify and BigCommerce, there is no need for downloading and installing in separate hosting servers. They are all done for you in a single unit. These programs also grant you easy maintenance. You can now import your sourced products from Amazon to your store. STEP 4: It’s Time to Market Your Business Following the three steps detailed previously, your eCommerce business is finally online. Congratulations on making it that far. After all, not many go that far from an idea they once had when broke. However, this is no guarantee of success without proper marketing tools. The price-tracking tool is vital in this phase for analysing your competitors. Use the following strategies to bring your eCommerce store to the forefront of your leads: We live in a smart society where almost everybody has access to social media platforms such as Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter. Create accounts with your brand for your eCommerce business on social media tools most commonly used by your target audience. Post relevant content with this audience to create leads for your stores. You should understand that leads are potential customers, and with time, they will start converting into sales. Social Media Marketing. Capture the attention of your audience by creating outstanding content that is helpful to them. An excellent way that has proven to solve this is by writing interesting blogs that answer frequently asked questions by your audience. Seek to excite potential customers and teach them a new concept through your compelling content( Photographs and videos) that promotes your business. Content is KING! To increase leads, ensure you optimize your web pages to rank higher on search engine result pages. Make use of well-researched keywords and apply . Customers use several keywords while searching for your products online. Use tools like keyword planner or keyword finder to find the exact keywords they use and optimize your page accordingly. Search Engine Optimization. effective SEO practices You must plan how you are going to attract customers and convince them to make a purchase. Every customer likes a good deal. You should have a plan that creates a sense of urgency, offers giveaways, banners, and other techniques to attract customers to your online store. Creating a Sales Campaign. You can step out of your network and use influencers. Social media influencers have developed high credibility in their industry and have a large following on social media. An endorsement from an influencer can direct a new large audience to your online store. Using Influencers. Most professionals believe that email marketing is the most effective technique of driving customer acquisition and retention. It is an effective technique of driving customers to your online store. You can optimize your email marketing through written content, visuals, and call to actions (CTA). Email Marketing. And don't forget (c) Jonathan Midenhall, CMO of Airbnb “Amazing things will happen when you listen to the consumer.” FULL DISCLOSURE: This article was, in part, written in promotion of AMZScout tools . But: any other similar tool will assist you in brainstorming profitable niches that will generate more money for your business! The end Once you follow these simple steps and launch your eCommerce store, your business is bound to succeed. The next thing you need to do after creating a successful business is to expand. You can consider selling your products to customers across multiple channels, or simply add more product categories to your store. After reading this post, I hope you've received a lot of useful information for your business? If you have any questions, please chat me.

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2022 - HackerNoon Contributor of the Year - Bitcoin

Nominated for 2022 - HackerNoon Contributor of the Year - Bitcoin

The Fastest Way to Start Your Own E-Commerce Business

Starting on the 15th of June, the Italian Government enabled nationwide downloads of their Contact Tracing app, . The app allows for effortless tracing of SARS-Cov-2 virus. Immuni Though built in less than two months, under heavy government guidance and scrutiny, it has been praised for its security and data protection policies. As its approach to critical design decisions is likely to be replicated in the future by other governments, it is worthwhile to dig deeper and analyse how the app works and how it protects the user from attacks and government officials. How it works Immuni is based on a version of the Bluetooth wireless data transmission technology (BLE), like that which allows a pair of wireless headphones to connect to their smartphone and which Apple and Google have unlocked in their operating systems, making it accessible even for a different and unimaginable purpose before the pandemic, including contact tracing. After downloading and starting it, Immuni does not require user interaction that goes beyond enabling system-wide Bluetooth connectivity. The application generates an alphanumeric key daily from which it produces an identification code, which is then broadcast by the smartphone via Bluetooth for about 15 minutes. Upon expiry of the ID, Immuni generates a new one, always linked to the same key known only to the application. In this way, it becomes practically impossible for an attacker to trace from an ID to a specific smartphone. Smartphones with Immuni that come into each other's vicinity exchange IDs and record the information exclusively in their memory, without any external exchange of data. With an excellent approximation, the app also calculates the distance and time between enabled devices to estimate if the proximity to a person who turned out to be positive was sufficient for infection. Main Data Privacy Concerns and Solutions The extensively covers the security measures put in place by the developers. Some of the main issues faced by the team are however more relevant to this type of application. official documentation Packet Sniffing Passive analysis of network traffic could allow a potential attacker to identify infected individuals if the app communicates with the back-end only when flagging a user as having contracted the virus, or by inferring user information for packet size discrepancies. The solution adopted by Immuni is to send periodic fake data to the server, "dummy data", which is mixed with genuine data. The server manages this data with a pattern equal to that used for non-dummy uploads. Fake contagion data has the same size and structure as the valid one, and the server, even when it discards it, returns an answer with a non-zero time which is identical to the one it returns for the valid data. Exposure Notifications Exposure Notifications are implemented at Google Play Services level`. This ensures the exchange of Bluetooth packets when the app isn't active. However, that app wakes up periodically to check the data it's received and potentially warn the user. For this Immuni uses WorkManager which, thanks to a local database, guarantees the correct execution of these periodic tasks. However, as one of the developers pointed out in an (in Italian): AMAA on Reddit Despite all these precautions, some models of Android devices adopt task management policies in the background that could compromise the execution of the aforementioned tasks. Google and various manufacturers are working to resolve the problem and therefore [we are] optimistic that this issue will be addressed soon. Avoiding Service Disruption or Alteration Immuni signs the cryptographic keys it downloads from its Exposure Reporting Service using a signature algorithm. The associated public keys are shared with Apple and Google and are used by mobile devices to verify the downloaded data and to ensure its authenticity and integrity. Analytics of epidemiological information is also a potential issue as they are key for guiding the response of the Italian National Healthcare System. Immuni seeks to guarantee the integrity of the data it stores while applying measures to preserve user privacy. Since on Android no technology identifies genuine devices without compromising user privacy, only iPhone devices connect to the Analytics Service via the . DeviceCheck framework Conclusion When first announced, the app gained considerable traction from the press: the idea of contact tracing seemed promising, but raised many doubts on the topic of the protection of personal data. The Italian public opinion shifted towards discarding an option that would mimic the intrusive South Korean architecture. The Government has already provided important reassurances on its website and committed early on in releasing the source code on . Furthermore, the investigation by , an Italian company which since 2017 certifies the mobile security of important companies, has further confirmed the particular attention to the issue of privacy. GitHub Mobisec Mobisec’s study aimed at identifying security and privacy concerns highlighted an overall quality level above average “Implementation was [also] carried out according to the best practices available at the state of the art and with the most modern development and Quality Assurance tools which makes Immuni an app actually above the quality that we often find in our daily security analysis activities, assessment and testing.” - Alberto Zannol CEO & Founder of Mobisec Immuni is safe and should be used by anyone who wants to help fight the virus in the post lockdown phase. The Italian Government proved how it is possible, efficient, and secure for a government agency to develop with data security in mind. It has done so within the space of a couple of months and released an application to the entire population with minimal cost.

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Italy Launches Contact Tracing App; Proves We Shouldn't Compromise On Privacy?

On May 12, the Eclipse Foundation launched the sixth edition of the IoT Developer Survey. We encourage developers in the IoT open source ecosystem to add your voice to the to help the industry gain the broadest possible view of the state of IoT technologies in the context of commercial IoT! IoT Developer Survey This year’s edition of the survey will provide essential insights into gaining a better understanding of the IoT industry landscape, the requirements and priorities IoT developers are facing, and how these trends will impact businesses and shape strategic business opportunities for software vendors, manufacturers, service providers, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), enterprises of all sizes and individual developers in the IoT open source ecosystem. The survey results also help the IoT community at the Eclipse Foundation better understand the top industry focus areas and priorities for future project releases. hardware For the first time, the survey introduces Edge Computing questions, which will provide a solid framework for how developers implement Edge Computing technologies into their IoT solutions. Contribute to shaping the IoT ecosystem! open source I encourage developers in the IoT open source ecosystem to add your voice to the to help the gain the broadest possible view of the state of IoT technologies in the context of commercial IoT! It takes less than 10 minutes to complete the survey. IoT Developer Survey industry Note: The survey is completely anonymous. The data collected is used solely for the purpose of this survey and will not be shared with any third parties. The email address shared in the survey will be used only for sending the survey results after the survey analysis is completed.

Eclipse 2020 IoT Developer Survey

Your SaaS product is likely more important than ever before, given that many businesses are pivoting to the world of digital retail and find themselves in desperate need of excellent software to facilitate this sudden change. Despite the fact that SaaS products are in hot demand, however, many of their creators are unfamiliar with the best marketing tactics that are needed to cut through the marketplace’s noise and reach out directly to prospective clients. Furthermore, many SaaS gurus understand that free marketing for their product would be fantastic, but have no idea how to generate such advertising without having to pay for it. Here’s a review of how to incentivize free for your SaaS product, and what other paid advertising strategies could also work if you want to maximize your marketing results. marketing Understand how and why SaaS is different The first step toward success is coming to a true, extensive understanding of the fact that your product is fundamentally different than almost anything else on the marketplace. Many SaaS gurus are tech-savvy individuals who have a wondrous breadth and depth of IT knowledge but have little to no experience when it comes to marketing. This leads them to make costly mistakes, such as investing huge sums of money into traditional advertising campaigns that yield lackluster results despite the massive amounts of money they cost. SaaS No longer should you be making the mistake of thinking that you can advertise your product like any other. When you come to realize that SaaS marketing is , you’ll recognize that pursuing free advertising is of the utmost importance. This isn’t to say that paid advertising is worthless, or that traditional marketing tactics won’t generate any results, but that your primary focus should be on generating a buzz for your brand that ensures users try out your free service samples. Old methods like and even traditional email advertisements still work, but you should be focusing on making such a positive impression with users that they eventually upgrade their packages. fundamentally different google maps marketing If you’re not already offering a free trial to prospective clients, immediately go about establishing a free trial service. Next, spend some money to widely market that free service; if customers don’t know you’re making a free trial available in the first place, they’ll never download it and become convinced by the superior efficacy of your compared to other leading contenders. This is where you should spend money on traditional advertising, so that customers who are likely to be receptive to your messaging are exposed to banner ads and other more regular advertising tactics which advertise your free service. product Collect and utilize user feedback Once you follow the above steps, you’ll have a decent base of users who are relying upon your free trial for their SaaS needs. The next step is collecting and utilizing their feedback, which can both hone the efficacy of your product and be used for marketing purposes. This is far easier said than done, however, so don’t think that you can shortchange your customers when it comes to collecting information on their user experiences. Relying on is highly recommended; requiring feedback from customers, deploying an attractive and easily-navigable customer feedback portal, and practicing all-hands support will help tremendously when it comes to obtaining useful consumer data. proven customer feedback tactics Next, consider embracing the power of affiliate programs. There are that your SaaS company needs an affiliate program, the most important of which is probably the fact that a partnership with a niche-specific affiliate will help you target a niche audience that’s more likely than the average consumer to purchase your SaaS package in the long run. Identifying these affiliates is always difficult, as there’s no one-size-fits-all solution to success, which is why you as the business leader or marketing pro will need to identify local affiliate partners who would be ideal for your specific brand. Nobody else can do this for you, so don’t be fooled by efforts to outsource this specific step in the process. many reasons Creating a credit program is somewhat similar to relying on an affiliate program. A credit program for your SaaS service is something that rewards users for taking certain actions - if they recommend your service to a friend, for instance, your credit program would reward them, perhaps with a discount on future services. This kind of referral program is of the utmost importance, because consumers trust the advice of their friends and colleagues more than any other source of information. Offering enticing credit program rewards is thus important if you want to master the art of free marketing for your SaaS service. There’s no way to become the number one SaaS provider without spending at least some money, but you need not break the bank nor rely upon traditional advertisements to accrue a massive user base. Create a credit program, rely on affiliates, and tirelessly collect user feedback, and your SaaS service will soon be more widely enjoyed than ever before.

How To Incentivize Free Marketing For Your SaaS Product

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