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The Technical Debt Illusion: From The Trenches. The metaphor of technical debt was introduced to help us explain the need for refactoring software systems to upper management. The term was first introduced by Ward Cunningham, who compared shipping code faster by doing things we know aren’t quite right, with taking on debt. The idea is that technical debt incurs interest, so, it is important that we pay it back fast. Almost everything from smelly code to missing documentation, or even the process of hiring people without the right skillset has been attributed to technical debt.