Working for a company that builds machine learning software for robotics, I hear these questions every day. Machine learning has become a shiny object that everyone wants to pursue. Over 80% of the companies are looking into at least one AI project. There are Three Things You Can do to Avoid it Happening to you. “What’s the accuracy of this machine learning (ML) model?” “How long is the training time?” “How much training data do you need?” Working for a company that builds machine learning software for robotics, I hear these questions every day. Machine learning has become a shiny object that everyone wants to pursue. Over 80% of the companies are looking into at least one AI project. Users generally want to know how long it would take to onboard a new item and how well the models perform or generalize. They want a way to measure the overall cost against performance. However, answers to the above questions don’t give you a full picture. Even worse, they are misleading. Model training is only the tip of the iceberg. What most users and AI/ML companies overlook is the massive hidden cost of acquiring appropriate datasets, cleaning, storing, aggregating, labeling, and building reliable data flow as well as infrastructure pipeline. Based on recent research, In other words, if you pay most of your attention to building and training models, your total engineering effort and cost could be five times more than your initial estimation. companies spend more than 80% of the time in AI/ML projects on data preparation and engineering tasks. Furthermore, machine learning blurs the line between user and software providers. We have begun to see the emergence of AIaaS or MLaaS. This is the biggest benefit of machine learning but also what makes MLaaS a more challenging business than SaaS. Models in the cloud continue to improve with more data. source: Bastiane Huang Models learn from training data. Without quality data, models won’t perform well. Users don’t always know the best practice of generating or annotating appropriate datasets. In fact, most of the time, they don’t. When systems underperform, users tend to blame models. Therefore, AI/ML companies generally spend significant time and resources training and working with users to ensure data quality, which becomes a shared responsibility between AI companies and their customers. For example, to train a model for defect inspection on the production line, a computer vision company needs to work with its client to install cameras with the right angle and position, check the resolution and frame rate, make sure that there are enough positive and negative training samples for every scenario. Data collection is even more time consuming and costly with robotics or self-driving car applications because someone needs to control robots or vehicles to perform certain actions. Even with all the training sessions, user manuals, and guidelines, you still do not have full control over user-generated data. A machine vision camera company told me that they have engineers manually verify 100% of the incoming data to ensure data integrity. All these additional and often overlooked training, manual checking, data cleaning, and labeling tasks lead to significant overheads for AI companies, making MLaaS a more challenging business with a lower gross margin. To build a more scalable AI/ML business, there are three things we can do: . Identify the right use cases that a significant number of customers would pay you for and you can solve with the same model architecture. The last thing you want to do is to build and train different models for different companies without a standard product offering. Scalability is King . Automate your training and data pipeline as much as possible to increase operational efficiency and reduce dependency on manual labor. Companies tend to prioritize customer visible features over internal tools or automation. But the latter pay off quickly. Make sure that you allocate enough resources for internal process automation. Make as many things self-serve as possible How much time do your engineers spend cleaning, filtering, or aggregating data? How much time to they spend ensuring annotation is done correctly by a third party? How often do they need to help customers set up the environments and correctly gather data? How much of this can be automated or outsourced? Lastly, identify and track your costs, especially the hidden ones. Let’s connect! If you enjoy reading this article, please subscribe to my personal blog here! . Bastiane Huang is a Product Manager at OSARO, a San Francisco based startup building software-defined robotics. She has worked for Amazon in its Alexa group and with Harvard Business Review as well as the university’s Future of Work Initiative. She writes about ML, robotics, and product management. Follow her here

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