The Essential Guide to Building an NFT Auction Site with React, Solidity, and CometChat

Welcome to this tutorial on building an NFT auction site using React, Solidity, and CometChat. In this guide, we will walk you through the steps of creating a decentralized marketplace for buying and selling non-fungible tokens. We will use React for the front end, Solidity for the smart contract development, and CometChat for real-time messaging and notifications. By the end of this tutorial, you will have a fully functional NFT auction platform ready to go live on the Ethereum blockchain.

Prerequisites

To follow this tutorial, you will need to have the items below installed on your local machine. NodeJs is non-negotiable, the rest can be installed following this guide, so make sure you have it installed and running.

• NodeJs
• React
• Solidity
• Tailwind
• CometChat SDK
• Hardhat
• EthersJs
• Metamask
• Yarn

Installing Dependencies

Clone the starter kit using the command below to your projects folder:

git clone https://github.com/Daltonic/tailwind_ethers_starter_kit <PROJECT_NAME>
cd <PROJECT_NAME>

Next, open the project in VS Code or on your preferred code editor. Locate the package.json file and update it with the codes below.

{
  "name": "Auction",
  "private": true,
  "version": "0.0.0",
  "scripts": {
    "start": "react-app-rewired start",
    "build": "react-app-rewired build",
    "test": "react-app-rewired test",
    "eject": "react-scripts eject"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "@cometchat-pro/chat": "^3.0.10",
    "@nomiclabs/hardhat-ethers": "^2.1.0",
    "@nomiclabs/hardhat-waffle": "^2.0.3",
    "axios": "^1.2.1",
    "ethereum-waffle": "^3.4.4",
    "ethers": "^5.6.9",
    "hardhat": "^2.10.1",
    "ipfs-http-client": "55.0.1-rc.2",
    "moment": "^2.29.4",
    "react": "^17.0.2",
    "react-dom": "^17.0.2",
    "react-hooks-global-state": "^1.0.2",
    "react-icons": "^4.7.1",
    "react-identicons": "^1.2.5",
    "react-moment": "^1.1.2",
    "react-router-dom": "6",
    "react-scripts": "5.0.0",
    "react-toastify": "^9.1.1",
    "web-vitals": "^2.1.4"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@faker-js/faker": "^7.6.0",
    "@openzeppelin/contracts": "^4.5.0",
    "@tailwindcss/forms": "0.4.0",
    "assert": "^2.0.0",
    "autoprefixer": "10.4.2",
    "babel-polyfill": "^6.26.0",
    "babel-preset-env": "^1.7.0",
    "babel-preset-es2015": "^6.24.1",
    "babel-preset-stage-2": "^6.24.1",
    "babel-preset-stage-3": "^6.24.1",
    "babel-register": "^6.26.0",
    "buffer": "^6.0.3",
    "chai": "^4.3.6",
    "chai-as-promised": "^7.1.1",
    "crypto-browserify": "^3.12.0",
    "dotenv": "^16.0.0",
    "express": "^4.18.2",
    "express-fileupload": "^1.4.0",
    "https-browserify": "^1.0.0",
    "mnemonics": "^1.1.3",
    "os-browserify": "^0.3.0",
    "postcss": "8.4.5",
    "process": "^0.11.10",
    "react-app-rewired": "^2.1.11",
    "sharp": "^0.31.2",
    "stream-browserify": "^3.0.0",
    "stream-http": "^3.2.0",
    "tailwindcss": "3.0.18",
    "url": "^0.11.0",
    "uuid": "^9.0.0"
  },
  "browserslist": {
    "production": [
      ">0.2%",
      "not dead",
      "not op_mini all"
    ],
    "development": [
      "last 1 chrome version",
      "last 1 firefox version",
      "last 1 safari version"
    ]
  }
}

To install all the required dependencies as indicated in the package.json file, run the command **yarn install** in the terminal.

Configuring CometChat SDK

Follow the steps below to configure the CometChat SDK; at the end, you must save your application keys as an environment variable.

STEP 1: Head to CometChat Dashboard and create an account.

STEP 2: Log in to the CometChat dashboard, only after registering.

STEP 3:

From the dashboard, add a new app called Auction.

STEP 4: Select the app you just created from the list.

STEP 5: From the Quick Start copy the APP_ID, REGION, and AUTH_KEY, to your .env file. See the image and code snippet.

Replace the REACT_COMET_CHAT placeholder keys with their appropriate values.

REACT_APP_COMET_CHAT_REGION=**
REACT_APP_COMET_CHAT_APP_ID=**************
REACT_APP_COMET_CHAT_AUTH_KEY=******************************

The .env file should be created at the root of your project.

Configuring the Hardhat script

Open the hardhat.config.js file at the root of this project and replace the contents with the following settings.

require("@nomiclabs/hardhat-waffle");
require('dotenv').config()

module.exports = {
  defaultNetwork: "localhost",
  networks: {
    hardhat: {
    },
    localhost: {
      url: "http://127.0.0.1:8545"
    },
  },
  solidity: {
    version: '0.8.11',
    settings: {
      optimizer: {
        enabled: true,
        runs: 200
      }
    }
  },
  paths: {
    sources: "./src/contracts",
    artifacts: "./src/abis"
  },
  mocha: {
    timeout: 40000
  }
}

The above script instructs hardhat on these three important rules.

• Networks: This block contains the configurations for your choice of networks. On deployment, hardhat will require you to specify a network for shipping your smart contracts.
• Solidity: This describes the version of the compiler to be used by hardhat for compiling your smart contract codes into bytecodes and abi.
• Paths: This simply informs hardhat of the location of your smart contracts and also a location to dump the output of the compiler which is the ABI.

Check out this video on how to build a decentralized autonomous organization.

You can also subscribe to the channel for more videos like these.

Developing The Smart Contract

Let's create a smart contract for this project by creating a new folder called contracts in the src directory of the project.

Inside the contracts folder, create a file called 'DappAuction.sol' which will contain the code that defines the behavior of the smart contract. Copy and paste the following code into the 'DappAuction.sol' file. The complete code is shown below."

//SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.7.0 <0.9.0;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Counters.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/ERC721.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721URIStorage.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/security/ReentrancyGuard.sol";

contract Auction is ERC721URIStorage, ReentrancyGuard {
    using Counters for Counters.Counter;
    Counters.Counter private totalItems;

    address companyAcc;
    uint listingPrice = 0.02 ether;
    uint royalityFee;
    mapping(uint => AuctionStruct) auctionedItem;
    mapping(uint => bool) auctionedItemExist;
    mapping(string => uint) existingURIs;
    mapping(uint => BidderStruct[]) biddersOf;

    constructor(uint _royaltyFee) ERC721("Daltonic Tokens", "DAT") {
        companyAcc = msg.sender;
        royalityFee = _royaltyFee;
    }

    struct BidderStruct {
        address bidder;
        uint price;
        uint timestamp;
        bool refunded;
        bool won;
    }

    struct AuctionStruct {
        string name;
        string description;
        string image;
        uint tokenId;
        address seller;
        address owner;
        address winner;
        uint price;
        bool sold;
        bool live;
        bool biddable;
        uint bids;
        uint duration;
    }

    event AuctionItemCreated(
        uint indexed tokenId,
        address seller,
        address owner,
        uint price,
        bool sold
    );

    function getListingPrice() public view returns (uint) {
        return listingPrice;
    }

    function setListingPrice(uint _price) public {
        require(msg.sender == companyAcc, "Unauthorized entity");
        listingPrice = _price;
    }

    function changePrice(uint tokenId, uint price) public {
        require(
            auctionedItem[tokenId].owner == msg.sender,
            "Unauthorized entity"
        );
        require(
            getTimestamp(0, 0, 0, 0) > auctionedItem[tokenId].duration,
            "Auction still Live"
        );
        require(price > 0 ether, "Price must be greater than zero");

        auctionedItem[tokenId].price = price;
    }

    function mintToken(string memory tokenURI) internal returns (bool) {
        totalItems.increment();
        uint tokenId = totalItems.current();

        _mint(msg.sender, tokenId);
        _setTokenURI(tokenId, tokenURI);

        return true;
    }

    function createAuction(
        string memory name,
        string memory description,
        string memory image,
        string memory tokenURI,
        uint price
    ) public payable nonReentrant {
        require(price > 0 ether, "Sales price must be greater than 0 ethers.");
        require(
            msg.value >= listingPrice,
            "Price must be up to the listing price."
        );
        require(mintToken(tokenURI), "Could not mint token");

        uint tokenId = totalItems.current();

        AuctionStruct memory item;
        item.tokenId = tokenId;
        item.name = name;
        item.description = description;
        item.image = image;
        item.price = price;
        item.duration = getTimestamp(0, 0, 0, 0);
        item.seller = msg.sender;
        item.owner = msg.sender;

        auctionedItem[tokenId] = item;
        auctionedItemExist[tokenId] = true;

        payTo(companyAcc, listingPrice);

        emit AuctionItemCreated(tokenId, msg.sender, address(0), price, false);
    }

    function offerAuction(
        uint tokenId,
        bool biddable,
        uint sec,
        uint min,
        uint hour,
        uint day
    ) public {
        require(
            auctionedItem[tokenId].owner == msg.sender,
            "Unauthorized entity"
        );
        require(
            auctionedItem[tokenId].bids == 0,
            "Winner should claim prize first"
        );

        if (!auctionedItem[tokenId].live) {
            setApprovalForAll(address(this), true);
            IERC721(address(this)).transferFrom(
                msg.sender,
                address(this),
                tokenId
            );
        }

        auctionedItem[tokenId].bids = 0;
        auctionedItem[tokenId].live = true;
        auctionedItem[tokenId].sold = false;
        auctionedItem[tokenId].biddable = biddable;
        auctionedItem[tokenId].duration = getTimestamp(sec, min, hour, day);
    }

    function placeBid(uint tokenId) public payable {
        require(
            msg.value >= auctionedItem[tokenId].price,
            "Insufficient Amount"
        );
        require(
            auctionedItem[tokenId].duration > getTimestamp(0, 0, 0, 0),
            "Auction not available"
        );
        require(auctionedItem[tokenId].biddable, "Auction only for bidding");

        BidderStruct memory bidder;
        bidder.bidder = msg.sender;
        bidder.price = msg.value;
        bidder.timestamp = getTimestamp(0, 0, 0, 0);

        biddersOf[tokenId].push(bidder);
        auctionedItem[tokenId].bids++;
        auctionedItem[tokenId].price = msg.value;
        auctionedItem[tokenId].winner = msg.sender;
    }

    function claimPrize(uint tokenId, uint bid) public {
        require(
            getTimestamp(0, 0, 0, 0) > auctionedItem[tokenId].duration,
            "Auction still Live"
        );
        require(
            auctionedItem[tokenId].winner == msg.sender,
            "You are not the winner"
        );

        biddersOf[tokenId][bid].won = true;
        uint price = auctionedItem[tokenId].price;
        address seller = auctionedItem[tokenId].seller;

        auctionedItem[tokenId].winner = address(0);
        auctionedItem[tokenId].live = false;
        auctionedItem[tokenId].sold = true;
        auctionedItem[tokenId].bids = 0;
        auctionedItem[tokenId].duration = getTimestamp(0, 0, 0, 0);

        uint royality = (price * royalityFee) / 100;
        payTo(auctionedItem[tokenId].owner, (price - royality));
        payTo(seller, royality);
        IERC721(address(this)).transferFrom(address(this), msg.sender, tokenId);
        auctionedItem[tokenId].owner = msg.sender;

        performRefund(tokenId);
    }

    function performRefund(uint tokenId) internal {
        for (uint i = 0; i < biddersOf[tokenId].length; i++) {
            if (biddersOf[tokenId][i].bidder != msg.sender) {
                biddersOf[tokenId][i].refunded = true;
                payTo(
                    biddersOf[tokenId][i].bidder,
                    biddersOf[tokenId][i].price
                );
            } else {
                biddersOf[tokenId][i].won = true;
            }
            biddersOf[tokenId][i].timestamp = getTimestamp(0, 0, 0, 0);
        }

        delete biddersOf[tokenId];
    }

    function buyAuctionedItem(uint tokenId) public payable nonReentrant {
        require(
            msg.value >= auctionedItem[tokenId].price,
            "Insufficient Amount"
        );
        require(
            auctionedItem[tokenId].duration > getTimestamp(0, 0, 0, 0),
            "Auction not available"
        );
        require(!auctionedItem[tokenId].biddable, "Auction only for purchase");

        address seller = auctionedItem[tokenId].seller;
        auctionedItem[tokenId].live = false;
        auctionedItem[tokenId].sold = true;
        auctionedItem[tokenId].bids = 0;
        auctionedItem[tokenId].duration = getTimestamp(0, 0, 0, 0);

        uint royality = (msg.value * royalityFee) / 100;
        payTo(auctionedItem[tokenId].owner, (msg.value - royality));
        payTo(seller, royality);
        IERC721(address(this)).transferFrom(
            address(this),
            msg.sender,
            auctionedItem[tokenId].tokenId
        );

        auctionedItem[tokenId].owner = msg.sender;
    }

    function getAuction(uint id) public view returns (AuctionStruct memory) {
        require(auctionedItemExist[id], "Auctioned Item not found");
        return auctionedItem[id];
    }

    function getAllAuctions()
        public
        view
        returns (AuctionStruct[] memory Auctions)
    {
        uint totalItemsCount = totalItems.current();
        Auctions = new AuctionStruct[](totalItemsCount);

        for (uint i = 0; i < totalItemsCount; i++) {
            Auctions[i] = auctionedItem[i + 1];
        }
    }

    function getUnsoldAuction()
        public
        view
        returns (AuctionStruct[] memory Auctions)
    {
        uint totalItemsCount = totalItems.current();
        uint totalSpace;
        for (uint i = 0; i < totalItemsCount; i++) {
            if (!auctionedItem[i + 1].sold) {
                totalSpace++;
            }
        }

        Auctions = new AuctionStruct[](totalSpace);

        uint index;
        for (uint i = 0; i < totalItemsCount; i++) {
            if (!auctionedItem[i + 1].sold) {
                Auctions[index] = auctionedItem[i + 1];
                index++;
            }
        }
    }

    function getMyAuctions()
        public
        view
        returns (AuctionStruct[] memory Auctions)
    {
        uint totalItemsCount = totalItems.current();
        uint totalSpace;
        for (uint i = 0; i < totalItemsCount; i++) {
            if (auctionedItem[i + 1].owner == msg.sender) {
                totalSpace++;
            }
        }

        Auctions = new AuctionStruct[](totalSpace);

        uint index;
        for (uint i = 0; i < totalItemsCount; i++) {
            if (auctionedItem[i + 1].owner == msg.sender) {
                Auctions[index] = auctionedItem[i + 1];
                index++;
            }
        }
    }

    function getSoldAuction()
        public
        view
        returns (AuctionStruct[] memory Auctions)
    {
        uint totalItemsCount = totalItems.current();
        uint totalSpace;
        for (uint i = 0; i < totalItemsCount; i++) {
            if (auctionedItem[i + 1].sold) {
                totalSpace++;
            }
        }

        Auctions = new AuctionStruct[](totalSpace);

        uint index;
        for (uint i = 0; i < totalItemsCount; i++) {
            if (auctionedItem[i + 1].sold) {
                Auctions[index] = auctionedItem[i + 1];
                index++;
            }
        }
    }

    function getLiveAuctions()
        public
        view
        returns (AuctionStruct[] memory Auctions)
    {
        uint totalItemsCount = totalItems.current();
        uint totalSpace;
        for (uint i = 0; i < totalItemsCount; i++) {
            if (auctionedItem[i + 1].duration > getTimestamp(0, 0, 0, 0)) {
                totalSpace++;
            }
        }

        Auctions = new AuctionStruct[](totalSpace);

        uint index;
        for (uint i = 0; i < totalItemsCount; i++) {
            if (auctionedItem[i + 1].duration > getTimestamp(0, 0, 0, 0)) {
                Auctions[index] = auctionedItem[i + 1];
                index++;
            }
        }
    }

    function getBidders(uint tokenId)
        public
        view
        returns (BidderStruct[] memory)
    {
        return biddersOf[tokenId];
    }

    function getTimestamp(
        uint sec,
        uint min,
        uint hour,
        uint day
    ) internal view returns (uint) {
        return
            block.timestamp +
            (1 seconds * sec) +
            (1 minutes * min) +
            (1 hours * hour) +
            (1 days * day);
    }

    function payTo(address to, uint amount) internal {
        (bool success, ) = payable(to).call{value: amount}("");
        require(success);
    }
}

Let's go over some of the specifics of what's happening in the smart contract above. The following items are available:

Contract Imports The following are the smart contracts imported from the openzeppelin library:

• Counters: For keeping track of all NFTs on the platform.
• ERC721: This is a standard for non-fungible tokens on the Ethereum blockchain. It defines a set of functions and events that a smart contract implementing the ERC721 standard should have.
• ERC721URIStorage: This is a smart contract that stores the URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) of an ERC721 token.
• ReentrancyGuard: This import keeps our smart contract safe against reentrancy attacks.

State variables

• Totalitems: This variable bears records of the number of NFTs available in our smart contract.
• CompanyAcc: This contains a record of the deployer wallet address.
• ListingPrice: This contains the price for creating and listing an NFT on the platform.
• RoyalityFee: This is the percentage of royalty that the seller of an NFT gets on every sale.

Mappings

• AuctionedItem: This holds all the NFT data minted on our platform.
• AuctionedItemExist: Used to validate the existence of an NFT.
• ExistingURIs: Holds minted metadata URIs.
• BiddersOf: Bears record of bidders for a particular auction.

Structs and Events

• BidderStruct: Describes the information about a particular bidder.
• AuctionStruct: Describes the information about a particular NFT item.
• AuctionItemCreated: An event that logs information about the just-created NFT.

Functions

• Constructor(): This initializes the smart contract with the company’s account, stipulated royalty fee, and token name and symbol.
• GetListingPrice(): Returns the price set for creating an NFT on the platform.
• SetListingPrice(): Used for updating the minting price for creating an NFT.
• ChangePrice(): Used for modifying the cost for a specific NFT.
• MintToken(): Used for Creating a new token.
• CreateAuction(): Used for Creating a new auction using a minted token Id.
• OfferAuction(): Used for placing an NFT item on the market.
• PlaceBid(): Used for bidding in an auction.
• ClaimPrize(): Used to transfer an NFT to the highest bidders.
• PerformRefund(): Used to refund bidders who didn’t emerge as winners for each auction.
• BuyAuctionedItem(): Used to purchase NFTs sold outrightly.
• GetAuction(): Returns an auction by token Id.
• GetAllAuctions(): Returns all available auctions from the contract.
• GetUnsoldAuction() Returns all unsold auctions.
• GetSoldAuction(): Returns all sold auctions.
• GetMyAuctions(): Returns all auctions belonging to the function caller.
• GetLiveAuctions(): Returns all auctions listed on the market.
• GetBidders(): Returns bidders of a specific auction by specifying the token Id.
• GetTimestamp(): Returns a timestamp for a specific date.
• PayTo(): Sends ethers to a specific account.

Configuring the Deployment Script

Navigate to the scripts folder and then to your deploy.js file and paste the code below into it. If you can't find a script folder, make one, create a deploy.js file, and paste the following code into it.

const { ethers } = require('hardhat')
const fs = require('fs')

async function main() {
  const royaltyFee = 5
  const Contract = await ethers.getContractFactory('Auction')
  const contract = await Contract.deploy(royaltyFee)

  await contract.deployed()

  const address = JSON.stringify({ address: contract.address }, null, 4)
  fs.writeFile('./src/abis/contractAddress.json', address, 'utf8', (err) => {
    if (err) {
      console.error(err)
      return
    }
    console.log('Deployed contract address', contract.address)
  })
}

main().catch((error) => {
  console.error(error)
  process.exitCode = 1
})

When run as a Hardhat command, the above script will deploy the Auction.sol smart contract to your local blockchain network.

Following the above instructions, open a terminal pointing to this project and run the commands listed below separately on two terminals. You can do this directly from your editor in VS Code. Look at the command below.

yarn hardhat node # Terminal 1
yarn hardhat run scripts/deploy.js # Terminal 2

If the preceding commands were successfully executed, you should see the following activity on your terminal. Please see the image below.

Configuring Infuria App

STEP 1: Head to Infuria, and create an account.

STEP 2: From the dashboard create a new project.

STEP 3: Copy the project Id and your API secret to your .env file in the format below and save.

Env File

INFURIA_PID=***************************
INFURIA_API=**********************

REACT_APP_COMET_CHAT_REGION=**
REACT_APP_COMET_CHAT_APP_ID=**************
REACT_APP_COMET_CHAT_AUTH_KEY=******************************

Developing an Image Processing API

We need a way to generate metadata out of an Image we intend to make an NFT. The problem is that JavaScript on the browser cannot get us the result we intend. It will take a NodeJs script to help us process the images, generate metadata, deploy to IPFS, and return the token URI as an API response. No need for much talking, let me show you how to implement this API.

First, you will need the following libraries, which are already installed on this project courtesy of the yarn install command you executed previously.

• Express(): Enables server creation and resource sharing.
• Express-Fileupload(): Enables file upload such as uploading an image.
• Cors(): Enables cross-origin request sharing.
• Fs(): Enables access to the file system of our local machine.
• Dotenv(): Enable the management of environment variables.
• Sharp(): Enables the processing of images to different dimensions and extensions.
• Faker(): Enables the generation of random and fake data.
• IpfsClient(): Enables the upload of files to the IPFS.

Let us now write some essential script functions that will assist us in converting images, as well as other information such as their names, descriptions, prices, Ids, and so on, to their metadata equivalent.

Create a folder called "api" at the root of your project, then create a new file called metadata.js within it and paste the code below inside.

Metadata.js File

const sharp = require('sharp')
const { faker } = require('@faker-js/faker')
const ipfsClient = require('ipfs-http-client')

const auth =
  'Basic ' +
  Buffer.from(process.env.INFURIA_PID + ':' + process.env.INFURIA_API).toString(
    'base64',
  )
const client = ipfsClient.create({
  host: 'ipfs.infura.io',
  port: 5001,
  protocol: 'https',
  headers: {
    authorization: auth,
  },
})
const attributes = {
  weapon: [
    'Stick',
    'Knife',
    'Blade',
    'Club',
    'Ax',
    'Sword',
    'Spear',
    'Halberd',
  ],
  environment: [
    'Space',
    'Sky',
    'Deserts',
    'Forests',
    'Grasslands',
    'Mountains',
    'Oceans',
    'Rainforests',
  ],
  rarity: Array.from(Array(6).keys()),
}
const toMetadata = ({ id, name, description, price, image }) => ({
  id,
  name,
  description,
  price,
  image,
  demand: faker.random.numeric({ min: 10, max: 100 }),
  attributes: [
    {
      trait_type: 'Environment',
      value: attributes.environment.sort(() => 0.5 - Math.random())[0],
    },
    {
      trait_type: 'Weapon',
      value: attributes.weapon.sort(() => 0.5 - Math.random())[0],
    },
    {
      trait_type: 'Rarity',
      value: attributes.rarity.sort(() => 0.5 - Math.random())[0],
    },
    {
      display_type: 'date',
      trait_type: 'Created',
      value: Date.now(),
    },
    {
      display_type: 'number',
      trait_type: 'generation',
      value: 1,
    },
  ],
})
const toWebp = async (image) => await sharp(image).resize(500).webp().toBuffer()
const uploadToIPFS = async (data) => {
  const created = await client.add(data)
  return `https://ipfs.io/ipfs/${created.path}`
}

exports.toWebp = toWebp
exports.toMetadata = toMetadata
exports.uploadToIPFS = uploadToIPFS

Now let’s utilize these functions in the main NodeJs file below.

App.js File Create another script called app.js within this API folder and paste the codes below; this is where the API's controlling logic will reside.

require('dotenv').config()
const cors = require('cors')
const fs = require('fs').promises
const express = require('express')
const fileupload = require('express-fileupload')
const { toWebp, toMetadata, uploadToIPFS } = require('./metadata')

const app = express()

app.use(cors())
app.use(fileupload())
app.use(express.json())
app.use(express.static('public'))
app.use(express.urlencoded({ extended: true }))

app.post('/process', async (req, res) => {
  try {
    const name = req.body.name
    const description = req.body.description
    const price = req.body.price
    const image = req.files.image

    if (!name || !description || !price || !image) {
      return res
        .status(400)
        .send('name, description, and price must not be empty')
    }

    let params

    await toWebp(image.data).then(async (data) => {
      const imageURL = await uploadToIPFS(data)

      params = {
        id: Date.now(),
        name,
        description,
        price,
        image: imageURL,
      }
    })

    fs.writeFile('token.json', JSON.stringify(toMetadata(params)))
      .then(() => {
        fs.readFile('token.json')
          .then(async (data) => {
            const metadataURI = await uploadToIPFS(data)
            console.log({ ...toMetadata(params), metadataURI })
            return res.status(201).json({ ...toMetadata(params), metadataURI })
          })
          .catch((error) => console.log(error))
      })
      .catch((error) => console.log(error))
  } catch (error) {
    console.log(error)
    return res.status(400).json({ error })
  }
})

app.listen(9000, () => {
  console.log('Listen on the port 9000...')
})

The IPFS library uses the Infuria Gateway for uploading files to the IPFS which we have already set up in the .env file.

Now, run node api/app.js on the terminal to start up the API service as can be seen in the image below.

Importing Private Keys to Metamask

To use Metamask with your Hardhat local network which is represented as Localhost:8545, use the following steps to set it up.

Run yarn hardhat node on your terminal to spin up your local blockchain server. You should see a similar image to the one below on the terminal.

Copy the private key of the account at zero(0) and import it on your Metamask, see the image below.

Now, you can repeat the above steps and import up to three or four accounts depending on your need.

All of the processes needed to develop a production-ready smart contract are already packaged inside this book, in an easy-to-understand manner.

Developing the Frontend

We will now use React to build the front end of our project, using the smart contract and related information that has been placed on the network and generated as artifacts (including the bytecodes and ABI). We will do this by following a step-by-step process.

Components

In the src directory, create a new folder called **components** to house all of the React components below.

Header Component

Now, create a component in the components folder called Header.jsx and paste the following codes below. The designs of all these components were achieved using the Tailwind CSS framework.

import { Link } from 'react-router-dom'
import { connectWallet } from '../services/blockchain'
import { truncate, useGlobalState } from '../store'

const Header = () => {
  const [connectedAccount] = useGlobalState('connectedAccount')
  return (
    <nav className="w-4/5 flex flex-row md:justify-center justify-between items-center py-4 mx-auto">
      <div className="md:flex-[0.5] flex-initial justify-center items-center">
        <Link to="/" className="text-white">
          <span className="px-2 py-1 font-bold text-3xl italic">Dapp</span>
          <span className="py-1 font-semibold italic">Auction-NFT</span>
        </Link>
      </div>

      <ul
        className="md:flex-[0.5] text-white md:flex
      hidden list-none flex-row justify-between 
      items-center flex-initial"
      >
        <Link to="/" className="mx-4 cursor-pointer">Market</Link>
        <Link to="/collections" className="mx-4 cursor-pointer">Collection</Link>
        <Link className="mx-4 cursor-pointer">Artists</Link>
        <Link className="mx-4 cursor-pointer">Community</Link>
      </ul>

      {connectedAccount ? (
        <button
          className="shadow-xl shadow-black text-white
          bg-green-500 hover:bg-green-700 md:text-xs p-2
          rounded-full cursor-pointer text-xs sm:text-base"
        >
          {truncate(connectedAccount, 4, 4, 11)}
        </button>
      ) : (
        <button
          className="shadow-xl shadow-black text-white
          bg-green-500 hover:bg-green-700 md:text-xs p-2
          rounded-full cursor-pointer text-xs sm:text-base"
          onClick={connectWallet}
        >
          Connect Wallet
        </button>
      )}
    </nav>
  )
}
export default Header

Hero Component

Next, create another component in the components folder called Hero.jsx and paste the following codes below.

import { toast } from 'react-toastify'
import { BsArrowRightShort } from 'react-icons/bs'
import picture0 from '../assets/images/picture0.png'
import { setGlobalState, useGlobalState } from '../store'
import { loginWithCometChat, signUpWithCometChat } from '../services/chat'

const Hero = () => {
  return (
    <div className="flex flex-col items-start md:flex-row w-4/5 mx-auto mt-11">
      <Banner />
      <Bidder />
    </div>
  )
}

const Bidder = () => (
  <div
    className="w-full text-white overflow-hidden bg-gray-800 rounded-md shadow-xl 
    shadow-black md:w-3/5 lg:w-2/5 md:mt-0 font-sans"
  >
    <img src={picture0} alt="nft" className="object-cover w-full h-60" />
    <div
      className="shadow-lg shadow-gray-400 border-4 border-[#ffffff36] 
      flex flex-row justify-between items-center px-3"
    >
      <div className="p-2">
        Current Bid
        <div className="font-bold text-center">2.231 ETH</div>
      </div>
      <div className="p-2">
        Auction End
        <div className="font-bold text-center">20:10</div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div
      className="bg-green-500 w-full h-[40px] p-2 text-center 
    font-bold font-mono "
    >
      Place a Bid
    </div>
  </div>
)

const Banner = () => {
  const [currentUser] = useGlobalState('currentUser')

  const handleLogin = async () => {
    await toast.promise(
      new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
        await loginWithCometChat()
          .then((user) => {
            setGlobalState('currentUser', user)
            console.log(user)
            resolve()
          })
          .catch((err) => {
            console.log(err)
            reject()
          })
      }),
      {
        pending: 'Signing in...',
        success: 'Logged in successful 👌',
        error: 'Error, are you signed up? 🤯',
      },
    )
  }

  const handleSignup = async () => {
    await toast.promise(
      new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
        await signUpWithCometChat()
          .then((user) => {
            console.log(user)
            resolve(user)
          })
          .catch((err) => {
            console.log(err)
            reject(err)
          })
      }),
      {
        pending: 'Signing up...',
        success: 'Signned up successful 👌',
        error: 'Error, maybe you should login instead? 🤯',
      },
    )
  }

  return (
    <div
      className="flex flex-col md:flex-row w-full justify-between 
        items-center mx-auto"
    >
      <div className="">
        <h1 className="text-white font-semibold text-5xl py-1">
          Discover, Collect
        </h1>
        <h1 className="font-semibold text-4xl mb-5 text-white py-1">
          and Sell
          <span className="text-green-500 px-1">NFTs</span>.
        </h1>
        <p className="text-white  font-light">
          More than 100+ NFT available for collect
        </p>
        <p className="text-white mb-11 font-light">& sell, get your NFT now.</p>
        <div className="flex flew-row text-5xl mb-4">
          {!currentUser ? (
            <div className="flex justify-start items-center space-x-2">
              <button
                className="text-white text-sm p-2 bg-green-500 rounded-sm w-auto 
                flex flex-row justify-center items-center shadow-md shadow-gray-700"
                onClick={handleLogin}
              >
                Login Now
              </button>
              <button
                className="text-white text-sm p-2 flex flex-row shadow-md shadow-gray-700
                justify-center items-center bg-[#ffffff36] rounded-sm w-auto"
                onClick={handleSignup}
              >
                Signup Now
              </button>
            </div>
          ) : (
            <button
              className="text-white text-sm p-2 bg-green-500 rounded-sm w-auto 
              flex flex-row justify-center items-center shadow-md shadow-gray-700"
              onClick={() => setGlobalState('boxModal', 'scale-100')}
            >
              Create NFT
              <BsArrowRightShort className="font-bold animate-pulse" />
            </button>
          )}
        </div>
        <div className="flex items-center justify-between w-3/4 mt-5">
          <div>
            <p className="text-white font-bold">100k+</p>
            <small className="text-gray-300">Auction</small>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p className="text-white font-bold">210k+</p>
            <small className="text-gray-300">Rare</small>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p className="text-white font-bold">120k+</p>
            <small className="text-gray-300">Artist</small>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  )
}

export default Hero

Artworks Component

Again, create a component in the components folder called Artworks.jsx and paste the following codes below.

Footer Component

Next, create a component in the components folder called Footer.jsx and paste the following codes below.

https://gist.github.com/Daltonic/ee3c4c3274d2451afa2e726670bd1a27

Other Component

The following are components supporting the full functionality of the rest of this application.

Countdown Component This component is responsible for rendering a countdown timer on all the NFTs, see the codes below.

https://gist.github.com/Daltonic/7e7e215b5c15beac40a17b621cffc35b

The Empty Component

This component is responsible for displaying a small text informing the users of no NFTs in the platform. See the example code below for implementation.

const Empty = () => {
  return (
    <div className="w-4/5 h-48 py-10 mx-auto justify-center">
      <h4 className="text-xl capitalize text-white mb-4">Nothing here bring some artworks</h4>
    </div>
  )
}

export default Empty

Creating an NFT

To write a Create NFT component, use the following codes. This will be a modal that accepts an image, a title, a description, and a price before submitting it to the blockchain.

Before being stored on the blockchain, data collected from a form is sent to a NodeJs API, which converts it into metadata and deploys it to IPFS.

Next, in the components folder, create a new file called "CreateNFT.jsx" and paste the following code into it.

import axios from 'axios'
import { useState } from 'react'
import { toast } from 'react-toastify'
import { FaTimes } from 'react-icons/fa'
import picture6 from '../assets/images/picture6.png'
import { setGlobalState, useGlobalState } from '../store'
import { createNftItem } from '../services/blockchain'

const CreateNFT = () => {
  const [boxModal] = useGlobalState('boxModal')
  const [name, setName] = useState('')
  const [description, setDescription] = useState('')
  const [price, setPrice] = useState('')
  const [fileUrl, setFileUrl] = useState('')
  const [imgBase64, setImgBase64] = useState(null)

  const handleSubmit = async (e) => {
    e.preventDefault()
    if (!name || !price || !description || !fileUrl) return

    const formData = new FormData()
    formData.append('name', name)
    formData.append('price', price)
    formData.append('description', description)
    formData.append('image', fileUrl)

    await toast.promise(
      new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
        await axios
          .post('http://localhost:9000/process', formData)
          .then(async (res) => {
            await createNftItem(res.data)
              .then(async () => {
                closeModal()
                resolve()
              })
              .catch(() => reject())
            reject()
          })
          .catch(() => reject())
      }),
      {
        pending: 'Minting & saving data to chain...',
        success: 'Minting completed, will reflect within 30sec 👌',
        error: 'Encountered error 🤯',
      },
    )
  }

  const changeImage = async (e) => {
    const reader = new FileReader()
    if (e.target.files[0]) reader.readAsDataURL(e.target.files[0])

    reader.onload = (readerEvent) => {
      const file = readerEvent.target.result
      setImgBase64(file)
      setFileUrl(e.target.files[0])
    }
  }

  const closeModal = () => {
    setGlobalState('boxModal', 'scale-0')
    resetForm()
  }

  const resetForm = () => {
    setFileUrl('')
    setImgBase64(null)
    setName('')
    setPrice('')
    setDescription('')
  }

  return (
    <div
      className={`fixed top-0 left-0 w-screen h-screen flex items-center
        justify-center bg-black bg-opacity-50 transform
        transition-transform duration-300 ${boxModal}`}
    >
      <div className="bg-[#151c25] shadow-xl shadow-[#25bd9c] rounded-xl w-11/12 md:w-2/5 h-7/12 p-6">
        <form onSubmit={handleSubmit} className="flex flex-col">
          <div className="flex flex-row justify-between items-center">
            <p className="font-semibold text-gray-400 italic">Add NFT</p>
            <button
              type="button"
              onClick={closeModal}
              className="border-0 bg-transparent focus:outline-none"
            >
              <FaTimes className="text-gray-400" />
            </button>
          </div>

          <div className="flex flex-row justify-center items-center rounded-xl mt-5">
            <div className="shrink-0 rounded-xl overflow-hidden h-20 w-20">
              <img
                alt="NFT"
                className="h-full w-full object-cover cursor-pointer"
                src={imgBase64 || picture6}
              />
            </div>
          </div>

          <div className="flex flex-row justify-between items-center bg-gray-800 rounded-xl mt-5">
            <label className="block">
              <span className="sr-only">Choose profile photo</span>
              <input
                type="file"
                accept="image/png, image/gif, image/jpeg, image/webp"
                className="block w-full text-sm text-slate-500
                  file:mr-4 file:py-2 file:px-4
                  file:rounded-full file:border-0
                  file:text-sm file:font-semibold
                  file:bg-[#19212c] file:text-gray-300
                  hover:file:bg-[#1d2631]
                  cursor-pointer focus:ring-0 focus:outline-none"
                onChange={changeImage}
                required
              />
            </label>
          </div>

          <div className="flex flex-row justify-between items-center bg-gray-800 rounded-xl mt-5">
            <input
              className="block w-full text-sm
                text-slate-500 bg-transparent border-0
                focus:outline-none focus:ring-0 px-4 py-2"
              type="text"
              name="name"
              placeholder="Title"
              onChange={(e) => setName(e.target.value)}
              value={name}
              required
            />
          </div>

          <div className="flex flex-row justify-between items-center bg-gray-800 rounded-xl mt-5">
            <input
              className="block w-full text-sm
                text-slate-500 bg-transparent border-0
                focus:outline-none focus:ring-0 px-4 py-2"
              type="number"
              name="price"
              step={0.01}
              min={0.01}
              placeholder="Price (Eth)"
              onChange={(e) => setPrice(e.target.value)}
              value={price}
              required
            />
          </div>

          <div className="flex flex-row justify-between items-center bg-gray-800 rounded-xl mt-5">
            <textarea
              className="block w-full text-sm resize-none
                text-slate-500 bg-transparent border-0
                focus:outline-none focus:ring-0 h-18 py-2 px-4"
              type="text"
              name="description"
              placeholder="Description"
              onChange={(e) => setDescription(e.target.value)}
              value={description}
              required
            ></textarea>
          </div>

          <button
            type="submit"
            className="flex flex-row justify-center items-center
              w-full text-white text-md bg-[#25bd9c]
              py-2 px-5 rounded-full
              drop-shadow-xl border border-transparent
              hover:bg-transparent hover:text-[#ffffff]
              hover:border hover:border-[#25bd9c]
              focus:outline-none focus:ring mt-5"
          >
            Mint Now
          </button>
        </form>
      </div>
    </div>
  )
}

export default CreateNFT

Offering NFTs on the Market

This component is responsible for offering new items live on the market. Using a form, it accepts a duration for which you intend to have your NFT live on the market. Once this timeline expires, the live NFT will disappear from the market. See the codes below.

import { useState } from 'react'
import { FaTimes } from 'react-icons/fa'
import { toast } from 'react-toastify'
import { offerItemOnMarket } from '../services/blockchain'
import { setGlobalState, useGlobalState } from '../store'

const OfferItem = () => {
  const [auction] = useGlobalState('auction')
  const [offerModal] = useGlobalState('offerModal')
  const [period, setPeriod] = useState('')
  const [biddable, setBiddable] = useState('')
  const [timeline, setTimeline] = useState('')

  const handleSubmit = async (e) => {
    e.preventDefault()
    if (!period || !biddable || !timeline) return

    const params = {
      biddable: biddable == 'true',
    }

    if (timeline == 'sec') {
      params.sec = Number(period)
      params.min = 0
      params.hour = 0
      params.day = 0
    } else if (timeline == 'min') {
      params.sec = 0
      params.min = Number(period)
      params.hour = 0
      params.day = 0
    } else if (timeline == 'hour') {
      params.sec = 0
      params.min = 0
      params.hour = Number(period)
      params.day = 0
    } else {
      params.sec = 0
      params.min = 0
      params.hour = 0
      params.day = Number(period)
    }

    await toast.promise(
      new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
        await offerItemOnMarket({ ...auction, ...params })
          .then(async () => {
            closeModal()
            resolve()
          })
          .catch(() => reject())
      }),
      {
        pending: 'Processing...',
        success: 'Offered on Market, will reflect within 30sec 👌',
        error: 'Encountered error 🤯',
      },
    )
  }

  const closeModal = () => {
    setGlobalState('offerModal', 'scale-0')
    setPeriod('')
    setBiddable('')
  }

  return (
    <div
      className={`fixed top-0 left-0 w-screen h-screen flex items-center
        justify-center bg-black bg-opacity-50 transform
        transition-transform timeline-300 ${offerModal}`}
    >
      <div className="bg-[#151c25] shadow-xl shadow-[#25bd9c] rounded-xl w-11/12 md:w-2/5 h-7/12 p-6">
        <form onSubmit={handleSubmit} className="flex flex-col">
          <div className="flex flex-row justify-between items-center">
            <p className="font-semibold text-gray-400 italic">
              {auction?.name}
            </p>
            <button
              type="button"
              onClick={closeModal}
              className="border-0 bg-transparent focus:outline-none"
            >
              <FaTimes className="text-gray-400" />
            </button>
          </div>

          <div className="flex flex-row justify-center items-center rounded-xl mt-5">
            <div className="shrink-0 rounded-xl overflow-hidden h-20 w-20">
              <img
                alt="NFT"
                className="h-full w-full object-cover cursor-pointer"
                src={auction?.image}
              />
            </div>
          </div>

          <div className="flex flex-row justify-between items-center bg-gray-800 rounded-xl mt-5">
            <input
              className="block w-full text-sm
                text-slate-500 bg-transparent border-0
                focus:outline-none focus:ring-0 px-4 py-2"
              type="number"
              name="period"
              min={1}
              placeholder="Days E.g 7"
              onChange={(e) => setPeriod(e.target.value)}
              value={period}
              required
            />
          </div>

          <div className="flex flex-row justify-between items-center bg-gray-800 rounded-xl mt-5">
            <select
              className="block w-full text-sm
              text-slate-500 bg-transparent border-0
              focus:outline-none focus:ring-0 px-4 py-2"
              name="biddable"
              onChange={(e) => setTimeline(e.target.value)}
              value={timeline}
              required
            >
              <option value="" hidden>
                Select Duration
              </option>
              <option value="sec">Seconds</option>
              <option value="min">Minutes</option>
              <option value="hour">Hours</option>
              <option value="day">Days</option>
            </select>
          </div>

          <div className="flex flex-row justify-between items-center bg-gray-800 rounded-xl mt-5">
            <select
              className="block w-full text-sm
              text-slate-500 bg-transparent border-0
              focus:outline-none focus:ring-0 px-4 py-2"
              name="biddable"
              onChange={(e) => setBiddable(e.target.value)}
              value={biddable}
              required
            >
              <option value="" hidden>
                Select Biddability
              </option>
              <option value={true}>Yes</option>
              <option value={false}>No</option>
            </select>
          </div>

          <button
            type="submit"
            className="flex flex-row justify-center items-center
              w-full text-white text-md bg-[#25bd9c]
              py-2 px-5 rounded-full
              drop-shadow-xl border border-transparent
              hover:bg-transparent hover:text-[#ffffff]
              hover:border hover:border-[#25bd9c]
              focus:outline-none focus:ring mt-5"
          >
            Offer Item
          </button>
        </form>
      </div>
    </div>
  )
}

export default OfferItem

Placing Bids

This component allows a user to place a bid and participate in an NFT auction. This is accomplished through the use of a modal that receives the price a user intends to bid if it is within the time limit for bidding. See the codes listed below.

import { useState } from 'react'
import { FaTimes } from 'react-icons/fa'
import { toast } from 'react-toastify'
import { bidOnNFT } from '../services/blockchain'
import { setGlobalState, useGlobalState } from '../store'

const PlaceBid = () => {
  const [auction] = useGlobalState('auction')
  const [bidBox] = useGlobalState('bidBox')
  const [price, setPrice] = useState('')

  const closeModal = () => {
    setGlobalState('bidBox', 'scale-0')
    setPrice('')
  }

  const handleBidPlacement = async (e) => {
    e.preventDefault()
    if (!price) return

    await toast.promise(
      new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
        await bidOnNFT({ ...auction, price })
          .then(() => {
            resolve()
            closeModal()
          })
          .catch(() => reject())
      }),
      {
        pending: 'Processing...',
        success: 'Bid placed successful, will reflect within 30sec 👌',
        error: 'Encountered error 🤯',
      },
    )
  }

  return (
    <div
      className={`fixed top-0 left-0 w-screen h-screen flex items-center
        justify-center bg-black bg-opacity-50 transform
        transition-transform duration-300 ${bidBox}`}
    >
      <div className="bg-[#151c25] shadow-xl shadow-[#25bd9c] rounded-xl w-11/12 md:w-2/5 h-7/12 p-6">
        <form onSubmit={handleBidPlacement} className="flex flex-col">
          <div className="flex flex-row justify-between items-center">
            <p className="font-semibold text-gray-400 italic">
              {auction?.name}
            </p>
            <button
              type="button"
              onClick={closeModal}
              className="border-0 bg-transparent focus:outline-none"
            >
              <FaTimes className="text-gray-400" />
            </button>
          </div>

          <div className="flex flex-row justify-center items-center rounded-xl mt-5">
            <div className="shrink-0 rounded-xl overflow-hidden h-20 w-20">
              <img
                alt="NFT"
                className="h-full w-full object-cover cursor-pointer"
                src={auction?.image}
              />
            </div>
          </div>

          <div className="flex flex-row justify-between items-center bg-gray-800 rounded-xl mt-5">
            <input
              className="block w-full text-sm
                text-slate-500 bg-transparent border-0
                focus:outline-none focus:ring-0 px-4 py-2"
              type="number"
              name="price"
              step={0.01}
              min={0.01}
              placeholder="Price (Eth)"
              onChange={(e) => setPrice(e.target.value)}
              value={price}
              required
            />
          </div>

          <button
            type="submit"
            className="flex flex-row justify-center items-center
              w-full text-white text-md bg-[#25bd9c]
              py-2 px-5 rounded-full
              drop-shadow-xl border border-transparent
              hover:bg-transparent hover:text-[#ffffff]
              hover:border hover:border-[#25bd9c]
              focus:outline-none focus:ring mt-5"
          >
            Place Bid
          </button>
        </form>
      </div>
    </div>
  )
}

export default PlaceBid

Changing an NFT price

This component allows an NFT owner to change the price of an NFT that is not currently trading on the market. Accepting a new price from a form and sending it to the blockchain accomplishes this. Look at the codes below.

import { useState } from 'react'
import { toast } from 'react-toastify'
import { FaTimes } from 'react-icons/fa'
import { updatePrice } from '../services/blockchain'
import { setGlobalState, useGlobalState } from '../store'

const ChangePrice = () => {
  const [auction] = useGlobalState('auction')
  const [priceModal] = useGlobalState('priceModal')
  const [price, setPrice] = useState('')

  const handleSubmit = async (e) => {
    e.preventDefault()
    if (!price) return

    await toast.promise(
      new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
        await updatePrice({ ...auction, price })
          .then(async () => {
            closeModal()
            resolve()
          })
          .catch(() => reject())
      }),
      {
        pending: 'Processing...',
        success: 'Price updated, will reflect within 30sec 👌',
        error: 'Encountered error 🤯',
      },
    )
  }

  const closeModal = () => {
    setGlobalState('priceModal', 'scale-0')
    setPrice('')
  }

  return (
    <div
      className={`fixed top-0 left-0 w-screen h-screen flex items-center
        justify-center bg-black bg-opacity-50 transform
        transition-transform timeline-300 ${priceModal}`}
    >
      <div className="bg-[#151c25] shadow-xl shadow-[#25bd9c] rounded-xl w-11/12 md:w-2/5 h-7/12 p-6">
        <form onSubmit={handleSubmit} className="flex flex-col">
          <div className="flex flex-row justify-between items-center">
            <p className="font-semibold text-gray-400 italic">
              {auction?.name}
            </p>
            <button
              type="button"
              onClick={closeModal}
              className="border-0 bg-transparent focus:outline-none"
            >
              <FaTimes className="text-gray-400" />
            </button>
          </div>

          <div className="flex flex-row justify-center items-center rounded-xl mt-5">
            <div className="shrink-0 rounded-xl overflow-hidden h-20 w-20">
              <img
                alt="NFT"
                className="h-full w-full object-cover cursor-pointer"
                src={auction?.image}
              />
            </div>
          </div>

          <div className="flex flex-row justify-between items-center bg-gray-800 rounded-xl mt-5">
            <input
              className="block w-full text-sm
                text-slate-500 bg-transparent border-0
                focus:outline-none focus:ring-0 px-4 py-2"
              type="number"
              name="price"
              step={0.01}
              min={0.01}
              placeholder="Days E.g 2.3 ETH"
              onChange={(e) => setPrice(e.target.value)}
              value={price}
              required
            />
          </div>

          <button
            type="submit"
            className="flex flex-row justify-center items-center
              w-full text-white text-md bg-[#25bd9c]
              py-2 px-5 rounded-full
              drop-shadow-xl border border-transparent
              hover:bg-transparent hover:text-[#ffffff]
              hover:border hover:border-[#25bd9c]
              focus:outline-none focus:ring mt-5"
          >
            Change Price
          </button>
        </form>
      </div>
    </div>
  )
}

export default ChangePrice

The Chat Component

Finally, for the components, there is a chat component that is controlled by the CometChat SDK. See the codes below.

import { useEffect, useState } from 'react'
import Identicon from 'react-identicons'
import { toast } from 'react-toastify'
import { getMessages, listenForMessage, sendMessage } from '../services/chat'
import { truncate, useGlobalState } from '../store'

const Chat = ({ id, group }) => {
  const [message, setMessage] = useState('')
  const [messages, setMessages] = useState([])
  const [connectedAccount] = useGlobalState('connectedAccount')

  const handleSubmit = async (e) => {
    e.preventDefault()

    if (!message) return
    await sendMessage(`pid_${id}`, message)
      .then(async (msg) => {
        setMessages((prevState) => [...prevState, msg])
        setMessage('')
        scrollToEnd()
      })
      .catch((error) => {
        toast.error('Encountered Error, check the console')
        console.log(error)
      })
  }

  useEffect(async () => {
    await getMessages(`pid_${id}`)
      .then((msgs) => {
        setMessages(msgs)
        scrollToEnd()
      })
      .catch((error) => console.log(error))

    await listenForMessage(`pid_${id}`)
      .then((msg) => {
        setMessages((prevState) => [...prevState, msg])
        scrollToEnd()
      })
      .catch((error) => console.log(error))
  }, [])

  const scrollToEnd = () => {
    const elmnt = document.getElementById('messages-container')
    elmnt.scrollTop = elmnt.scrollHeight
  }

  return (
    <div>
      <h2 className="mt-12 px-2 py-1 font-bold text-2xl italic">NFT-World</h2>
      <h4 className="px-2 font-semibold text-xs">Join the Live Chat</h4>
      <div
        className="bg-gray-800 bg-opacity-50 w-full
        rounded-md p-2 sm:p-8 mt-5 shadow-md shadow-[#25bd9c]"
      >
        <div
          id="messages-container"
          className="h-[calc(100vh_-_30rem)] overflow-y-auto"
        >
          {messages.map((msg, i) => (
            <Message
              isOwner={msg.sender.uid == connectedAccount}
              owner={msg.sender.uid}
              msg={msg.text}
              key={i}
            />
          ))}
        </div>

        <form
          onSubmit={handleSubmit}
          className="flex flex-row justify-between items-center bg-gray-800 rounded-md"
        >
          <input
            className="block w-full text-sm resize-none
            text-slate-100 bg-transparent border-0
              focus:outline-none focus:ring-0 h-15 px-4 py-4"
            type="text"
            name="Leave a Message"
            placeholder={
              !group?.hasJoined
                ? 'Join group first to chat...'
                : 'Leave a Message...'
            }
            disabled={!group?.hasJoined}
            value={message}
            onChange={(e) => setMessage(e.target.value)}
            required
          />
          <button type="submit" hidden>
            Send
          </button>
        </form>
      </div>
    </div>
  )
}

const Message = ({ msg, owner, isOwner }) => (
  <div>
    <div className="flex justify-start items-center space-x-1 mb-2">
      <Identicon
        string={owner}
        className="h-5 w-5 object-contain bg-gray-800 rounded-full"
        size={18}
      />
      <div className="space-x-1">
        <span className="text-[#25bd9c] font-bold">
          {isOwner ? '@You' : truncate(owner, 4, 4, 11)}
        </span>
        <span className="text-gray-200 text-xs">{msg}</span>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
)

export default Chat

The Pages

This application has about three views or pages; let's organize all of the above components into their respective views using the steps below. First, create a folder called views in the src directory and create the soon-to-be-discussed pages.

Home View

The Home view combines two major components: the Hero and Artworks components. See the codes below.

import Artworks from '../components/Artworks'
import Empty from '../components/Empty'
import Hero from '../components/Hero'
import { useGlobalState } from '../store'

const Home = () => {
  const [auctions] = useGlobalState('auctions')
  return (
    <div>
      <Hero />
      {auctions.length > 0 ? <Artworks auctions={auctions} /> : <Empty />}
    </div>
  )
}

export default Home

Collections View

This view displays all of the NFTs owned by a specific user. It empowers a user to manage an NFT, such as whether or not to offer it on the market or change its price. See the codes shown below.

import { useEffect } from 'react'
import Empty from '../components/Empty'
import { useGlobalState } from '../store'
import Artworks from '../components/Artworks'
import { loadCollections } from '../services/blockchain'

const Collections = () => {
  const [collections] = useGlobalState('collections')
  useEffect(async () => {
    await loadCollections()
  })
  return (
    <div>
      {collections.length > 0 ? (
        <Artworks title="Your Collections" auctions={collections} showOffer />
      ) : (
        <Empty />
      )}
    </div>
  )
}

export default Collections

The NFT View

Lastly, this view contains the chat component as well as other important components, as shown in the code below.

import { useEffect } from 'react'
import Chat from '../components/Chat'
import { toast } from 'react-toastify'
import Identicons from 'react-identicons'
import { useNavigate, useParams } from 'react-router-dom'
import Countdown from '../components/Countdown'
import { setGlobalState, truncate, useGlobalState } from '../store'
import {
  buyNFTItem,
  claimPrize,
  getBidders,
  loadAuction,
} from '../services/blockchain'
import { createNewGroup, getGroup, joinGroup } from '../services/chat'

const Nft = () => {
  const { id } = useParams()
  const [group] = useGlobalState('group')
  const [bidders] = useGlobalState('bidders')
  const [auction] = useGlobalState('auction')
  const [currentUser] = useGlobalState('currentUser')
  const [connectedAccount] = useGlobalState('connectedAccount')

  useEffect(async () => {
    await loadAuction(id)
    await getBidders(id)
    await getGroup(`pid_${id}`)
      .then((group) => setGlobalState('group', group))
      .catch((error) => console.log(error))
  }, [])

  return (
    <>
      <div
        className="grid sm:flex-row md:flex-row lg:grid-cols-2 gap-6
        md:gap-4 lg:gap-3 py-2.5 text-white font-sans capitalize
        w-4/5 mx-auto mt-5 justify-between items-center"
      >
        <div
          className=" text-white h-[400px] bg-gray-800 rounded-md shadow-xl 
        shadow-black md:w-4/5 md:items-center lg:w-4/5 md:mt-0"
        >
          <img
            src={auction?.image}
            alt={auction?.name}
            className="object-contain w-full h-80 mt-10"
          />
        </div>
        <div className="">
          <Details auction={auction} account={connectedAccount} />

          {bidders.length > 0 ? (
            <Bidders bidders={bidders} auction={auction} />
          ) : null}

          <CountdownNPrice auction={auction} />

          <ActionButton auction={auction} account={connectedAccount} />
        </div>
      </div>
      <div className="w-4/5 mx-auto">
        {currentUser ? <Chat id={id} group={group} /> : null}
      </div>
    </>
  )
}

const Details = ({ auction, account }) => (
  <div className="py-2">
    <h1 className="font-bold text-lg mb-1">{auction?.name}</h1>
    <p className="font-semibold text-sm">
      <span className="text-green-500">
        @
        {auction?.owner == account
          ? 'you'
          : auction?.owner
          ? truncate(auction?.owner, 4, 4, 11)
          : ''}
      </span>
    </p>
    <p className="text-sm py-2">{auction?.description}</p>
  </div>
)

const Bidders = ({ bidders, auction }) => {
  const handlePrizeClaim = async (id) => {
    await toast.promise(
      new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
        await claimPrize({ tokenId: auction?.tokenId, id })
          .then(() => resolve())
          .catch(() => reject())
      }),
      {
        pending: 'Processing...',
        success: 'Price claim successful, will reflect within 30sec 👌',
        error: 'Encountered error 🤯',
      },
    )
  }

  return (
    <div className="flex flex-col">
      <span>Top Bidders</span>
      <div className="h-[calc(100vh_-_40.5rem)] overflow-y-auto">
        {bidders.map((bid, i) => (
          <div key={i} className="flex justify-between items-center">
            <div className="flex justify-start items-center my-1 space-x-1">
              <Identicons
                className="h-5 w-5 object-contain bg-gray-800 rounded-full"
                size={18}
                string={bid.bidder}
              />
              <span className="font-medium text-sm mr-3">
                {truncate(bid.bidder, 4, 4, 11)}
              </span>
              <span className="text-green-400 font-medium text-sm">
                {bid.price} ETH
              </span>
            </div>

            {bid.bidder == auction?.winner &&
            !bid.won &&
            Date.now() > auction?.duration ? (
              <button
                type="button"
                className="shadow-sm shadow-black text-white
            bg-green-500 hover:bg-green-700 md:text-xs p-1
              rounded-sm text-sm cursor-pointer font-light"
                onClick={() => handlePrizeClaim(i)}
              >
                Claim Prize
              </button>
            ) : null}
          </div>
        ))}
      </div>
    </div>
  )
}

const CountdownNPrice = ({ auction }) => {
  return (
    <div className="flex justify-between items-center py-5 ">
      <div>
        <span className="font-bold">Current Price</span>
        <p className="text-sm font-light">{auction?.price}ETH</p>
      </div>

      <div className="lowercase">
        <span className="font-bold">
          {auction?.duration > Date.now() ? (
            <Countdown timestamp={auction?.duration} />
          ) : (
            '00:00:00'
          )}
        </span>
      </div>
    </div>
  )
}

const ActionButton = ({ auction, account }) => {
  const [group] = useGlobalState('group')
  const [currentUser] = useGlobalState('currentUser')
  const navigate = useNavigate()

  const onPlaceBid = () => {
    setGlobalState('auction', auction)
    setGlobalState('bidBox', 'scale-100')
  }

  const handleNFTpurchase = async () => {
    await toast.promise(
      new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
        await buyNFTItem(auction)
          .then(() => resolve())
          .catch(() => reject())
      }),
      {
        pending: 'Processing...',
        success: 'Purchase successful, will reflect within 30sec 👌',
        error: 'Encountered error 🤯',
      },
    )
  }

  const handleCreateGroup = async () => {
    if (!currentUser) {
      navigate('/')
      toast.warning('You need to login or sign up first.')
      return
    }

    await toast.promise(
      new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
        await createNewGroup(`pid_${auction?.tokenId}`, auction?.name)
          .then((gp) => {
            setGlobalState('group', gp)
            resolve(gp)
          })
          .catch((error) => reject(new Error(error)))
      }),
      {
        pending: 'Creating...',
        success: 'Group created 👌',
        error: 'Encountered error 🤯',
      },
    )
  }

  const handleJoineGroup = async () => {
    if (!currentUser) {
      navigate('/')
      toast.warning('You need to login or sign up first.')
      return
    }

    await toast.promise(
      new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
        await joinGroup(`pid_${auction?.tokenId}`)
          .then((gp) => {
            setGlobalState('group', gp)
            resolve(gp)
          })
          .catch((error) => reject(new Error(error)))
      }),
      {
        pending: 'Joining...',
        success: 'Group Joined 👌',
        error: 'Encountered error 🤯',
      },
    )
  }

  return auction?.owner == account ? (
    <div className="flex justify-start items-center space-x-2 mt-2">
      {!group ? (
        <button
          type="button"
          className="shadow-sm shadow-black text-white
          bg-red-500 hover:bg-red-700 md:text-xs p-2.5
          rounded-sm cursor-pointer font-light"
          onClick={handleCreateGroup}
        >
          Create Group
        </button>
      ) : null}
    </div>
  ) : (
    <div className="flex justify-start items-center space-x-2 mt-2">
      {!group?.hasJoined ? (
        <button
          type="button"
          className="shadow-sm shadow-black text-white
          bg-gray-500 hover:bg-gray-700 md:text-xs p-2.5
          rounded-sm cursor-pointer font-light"
          onClick={handleJoineGroup}
        >
          Join Group
        </button>
      ) : null}

      {auction?.biddable && auction?.duration > Date.now() ? (
        <button
          type="button"
          className="shadow-sm shadow-black text-white
          bg-gray-500 hover:bg-gray-700 md:text-xs p-2.5
          rounded-sm cursor-pointer font-light"
          onClick={onPlaceBid}
        >
          Place a Bid
        </button>
      ) : null}

      {!auction?.biddable && auction?.duration > Date.now() ? (
        <button
          type="button"
          className="shadow-sm shadow-black text-white
          bg-red-500 hover:bg-red-700 md:text-xs p-2.5
          rounded-sm cursor-pointer font-light"
          onClick={handleNFTpurchase}
        >
          Buy NFT
        </button>
      ) : null}
    </div>
  )
}

export default Nft

Updating The App.jsx File

Update the App file with the codes below in other to bundle up all the components and pages together.

import Nft from './views/Nft'
import Home from './views/Home'
import Header from './components/Header'
import Footer from './components/Footer'
import { useEffect, useState } from 'react'
import PlaceBid from './components/PlaceBid'
import Collections from './views/Collections'
import CreateNFT from './components/CreateNFT'
import { ToastContainer } from 'react-toastify'
import { Route, Routes } from 'react-router-dom'
import { isWallectConnected, loadAuctions } from './services/blockchain'
import { setGlobalState, useGlobalState } from './store'
import OfferItem from './components/OfferItem'
import ChangePrice from './components/ChangePrice'
import { checkAuthState } from './services/chat'

function App() {
  const [loaded, setLoaded] = useState(false)
  const [auction] = useGlobalState('auction')
  useEffect(async () => {
    await isWallectConnected()
    await loadAuctions().finally(() => setLoaded(true))
    await checkAuthState()
      .then((user) => setGlobalState('currentUser', user))
      .catch((error) => setGlobalState('currentUser', null))
    console.log('Blockchain Loaded')
  }, [])

  return (
    <div
      className="min-h-screen bg-gradient-to-t from-gray-800 bg-repeat
    via-[#25bd9c] to-gray-900 bg-center subpixel-antialiased"
    >
      <Header />
      {loaded ? (
        <Routes>
          <Route path="/" element={<Home />} />
          <Route path="/collections" element={<Collections />} />
          <Route path="/nft/:id" element={<Nft />} />
        </Routes>
      ) : null}
      <CreateNFT />
      {auction ? (
        <>
          <PlaceBid />
          <OfferItem />
          <ChangePrice />
        </>
      ) : null}
      <Footer />
      <ToastContainer
        position="bottom-center"
        autoClose={5000}
        hideProgressBar={false}
        newestOnTop={false}
        closeOnClick
        rtl={false}
        pauseOnFocusLoss
        draggable
        pauseOnHover
        theme="dark"
      />
    </div>
  )
}
export default App

Updating the Index.jsx and CSS files

Use the codes below to update the index.jsx and index.css files respectively.

@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Open+Sans:wght@300;400;500;600;700&display=swap');

* html {
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}

.gradient-bg-hero {
  background-color: #151c25;
  background-image: radial-gradient(
      at 0% 0%,
      hsl(302deg 25% 18%) 0,
      transparent 50%
    ),
    radial-gradient(at 50% 0%, hsl(0deg 39% 30%) 0, transparent 50%),
    radial-gradient(at 100% 0%, hsla(339, 49%, 30%, 1) 0, transparent 50%);
}

.gradient-bg-artworks {
  background-color: #0f0e13;
  background-image: radial-gradient(
      at 50% 50%,
      hsl(302deg 25% 18%) 0,
      transparent 50%
    ),
    radial-gradient(at 0% 0%, hsla(253, 16%, 7%, 1) 0, transparent 50%),
    radial-gradient(at 50% 50%, hsla(339, 39%, 25%, 1) 0, transparent 50%);
}

.gradient-bg-footer {
  background-color: #151c25;
  background-image: radial-gradient(
      at 0% 100%,
      hsl(0deg 39% 30%) 0,
      transparent 53%
    ),
    radial-gradient(at 50% 150%, hsla(339, 49%, 30%, 1) 0, transparent 50%);
}

.text-gradient {
  background: -webkit-linear-gradient(#eee, #333);
  -webkit-background-clip: text;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
}

.lds-dual-ring {
  display: inline-block;
}
.lds-dual-ring:after {
  content: ' ';
  display: block;
  width: 64px;
  height: 64px;
  margin: 8px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  border: 6px solid #fff;
  border-color: #fff transparent #fff transparent;
  animation: lds-dual-ring 1.2s linear infinite;
}
@keyframes lds-dual-ring {
  0% {
    transform: rotate(0deg);
  }
  100% {
    transform: rotate(360deg);
  }
}

@tailwind base;
@tailwind components;
@tailwind utilities;

import './index.css'
import App from './App'
import React from 'react'
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom'
import 'react-toastify/dist/ReactToastify.css'
import { initCometChat } from './services/chat'
import { BrowserRouter } from 'react-router-dom'

initCometChat().then(() => {
  ReactDOM.render(
    <BrowserRouter>
      <App />
    </BrowserRouter>,
    document.getElementById('root'),
  )
})

Adding the App Services

In this application, we have two services: chat and blockchain, as shown in the codes below. Simply create a new folder called services in the src directory and place the following files in it using the codes below.

Chat Services

import { CometChat } from '@cometchat-pro/chat'
import { getGlobalState } from '../store'

const CONSTANTS = {
  APP_ID: process.env.REACT_APP_COMET_CHAT_APP_ID,
  REGION: process.env.REACT_APP_COMET_CHAT_REGION,
  Auth_Key: process.env.REACT_APP_COMET_CHAT_AUTH_KEY,
}

const initCometChat = async () => {
  const appID = CONSTANTS.APP_ID
  const region = CONSTANTS.REGION

  const appSetting = new CometChat.AppSettingsBuilder()
    .subscribePresenceForAllUsers()
    .setRegion(region)
    .build()

  await CometChat.init(appID, appSetting)
    .then(() => console.log('Initialization completed successfully'))
    .catch((error) => console.log(error))
}

const loginWithCometChat = async () => {
  const authKey = CONSTANTS.Auth_Key
  const UID = getGlobalState('connectedAccount')

  return new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
    await CometChat.login(UID, authKey)
      .then((user) => resolve(user))
      .catch((error) => reject(error))
  })
}

const signUpWithCometChat = async () => {
  const authKey = CONSTANTS.Auth_Key
  const UID = getGlobalState('connectedAccount')
  const user = new CometChat.User(UID)

  user.setName(UID)
  return new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
    await CometChat.createUser(user, authKey)
      .then((user) => resolve(user))
      .catch((error) => reject(error))
  })
}

const logOutWithCometChat = async () => {
  return new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
    await CometChat.logout()
      .then(() => resolve())
      .catch(() => reject())
  })
}

const checkAuthState = async () => {
  return new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
    await CometChat.getLoggedinUser()
      .then((user) => resolve(user))
      .catch((error) => reject(error))
  })
}

const createNewGroup = async (GUID, groupName) => {
  const groupType = CometChat.GROUP_TYPE.PUBLIC
  const password = ''
  const group = new CometChat.Group(GUID, groupName, groupType, password)

  return new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
    await CometChat.createGroup(group)
      .then((group) => resolve(group))
      .catch((error) => reject(error))
  })
}

const getGroup = async (GUID) => {
  return new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
    await CometChat.getGroup(GUID)
      .then((group) => resolve(group))
      .catch((error) => reject(error))
  })
}

const joinGroup = async (GUID) => {
  const groupType = CometChat.GROUP_TYPE.PUBLIC
  const password = ''

  return new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
    await CometChat.joinGroup(GUID, groupType, password)
      .then((group) => resolve(group))
      .catch((error) => reject(error))
  })
}

const getMessages = async (UID) => {
  const limit = 30
  const messagesRequest = new CometChat.MessagesRequestBuilder()
    .setGUID(UID)
    .setLimit(limit)
    .build()

  return new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
    await messagesRequest
      .fetchPrevious()
      .then((messages) => resolve(messages.filter((msg) => msg.type == 'text')))
      .catch((error) => reject(error))
  })
}

const sendMessage = async (receiverID, messageText) => {
  const receiverType = CometChat.RECEIVER_TYPE.GROUP
  const textMessage = new CometChat.TextMessage(
    receiverID,
    messageText,
    receiverType,
  )
  return new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
    await CometChat.sendMessage(textMessage)
      .then((message) => resolve(message))
      .catch((error) => reject(error))
  })
}

const listenForMessage = async (listenerID) => {
  return new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
    CometChat.addMessageListener(
      listenerID,
      new CometChat.MessageListener({
        onTextMessageReceived: (message) => resolve(message),
      }),
    )
  })
}

export {
  initCometChat,
  loginWithCometChat,
  signUpWithCometChat,
  logOutWithCometChat,
  getMessages,
  sendMessage,
  checkAuthState,
  createNewGroup,
  getGroup,
  joinGroup,
  listenForMessage,
}

Blockchain Service

import abi from '../abis/src/contracts/Auction.sol/Auction.json'
import address from '../abis/contractAddress.json'
import { getGlobalState, setGlobalState } from '../store'
import { ethers } from 'ethers'
import { checkAuthState, logOutWithCometChat } from './chat'

const { ethereum } = window
const ContractAddress = address.address
const ContractAbi = abi.abi
let tx

const toWei = (num) => ethers.utils.parseEther(num.toString())
const fromWei = (num) => ethers.utils.formatEther(num)

const getEthereumContract = async () => {
  const connectedAccount = getGlobalState('connectedAccount')

  if (connectedAccount) {
    const provider = new ethers.providers.Web3Provider(ethereum)
    const signer = provider.getSigner()
    const contract = new ethers.Contract(ContractAddress, ContractAbi, signer)

    return contract
  } else {
    return getGlobalState('contract')
  }
}

const isWallectConnected = async () => {
  try {
    if (!ethereum) return alert('Please install Metamask')
    const accounts = await ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_accounts' })
    setGlobalState('connectedAccount', accounts[0]?.toLowerCase())

    window.ethereum.on('chainChanged', (chainId) => {
      window.location.reload()
    })

    window.ethereum.on('accountsChanged', async () => {
      setGlobalState('connectedAccount', accounts[0]?.toLowerCase())
      await isWallectConnected()
      await loadCollections()
      await logOutWithCometChat()
      await checkAuthState()
        .then((user) => setGlobalState('currentUser', user))
        .catch((error) => setGlobalState('currentUser', null))
    })

    if (accounts.length) {
      setGlobalState('connectedAccount', accounts[0]?.toLowerCase())
    } else {
      alert('Please connect wallet.')
      console.log('No accounts found.')
    }
  } catch (error) {
    reportError(error)
  }
}

const connectWallet = async () => {
  try {
    if (!ethereum) return alert('Please install Metamask')
    const accounts = await ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_requestAccounts' })
    setGlobalState('connectedAccount', accounts[0]?.toLowerCase())
  } catch (error) {
    reportError(error)
  }
}

const createNftItem = async ({
  name,
  description,
  image,
  metadataURI,
  price,
}) => {
  try {
    if (!ethereum) return alert('Please install Metamask')
    const connectedAccount = getGlobalState('connectedAccount')
    const contract = await getEthereumContract()
    tx = await contract.createAuction(
      name,
      description,
      image,
      metadataURI,
      toWei(price),
      {
        from: connectedAccount,
        value: toWei(0.02),
      },
    )
    await tx.wait()
    await loadAuctions()
  } catch (error) {
    reportError(error)
  }
}

const updatePrice = async ({ tokenId, price }) => {
  try {
    if (!ethereum) return alert('Please install Metamask')
    const connectedAccount = getGlobalState('connectedAccount')
    const contract = await getEthereumContract()
    tx = await contract.changePrice(tokenId, toWei(price), {
      from: connectedAccount,
    })
    await tx.wait()
    await loadAuctions()
  } catch (error) {
    reportError(error)
  }
}

const offerItemOnMarket = async ({
  tokenId,
  biddable,
  sec,
  min,
  hour,
  day,
}) => {
  try {
    if (!ethereum) return alert('Please install Metamask')
    const connectedAccount = getGlobalState('connectedAccount')
    const contract = await getEthereumContract()
    tx = await contract.offerAuction(tokenId, biddable, sec, min, hour, day, {
      from: connectedAccount,
    })
    await tx.wait()
    await loadAuctions()
  } catch (error) {
    reportError(error)
  }
}

const buyNFTItem = async ({ tokenId, price }) => {
  try {
    if (!ethereum) return alert('Please install Metamask')
    const connectedAccount = getGlobalState('connectedAccount')
    const contract = await getEthereumContract()
    tx = await contract.buyAuctionedItem(tokenId, {
      from: connectedAccount,
      value: toWei(price),
    })
    await tx.wait()
    await loadAuctions()
    await loadAuction(tokenId)
  } catch (error) {
    reportError(error)
  }
}

const bidOnNFT = async ({ tokenId, price }) => {
  try {
    if (!ethereum) return alert('Please install Metamask')
    const connectedAccount = getGlobalState('connectedAccount')
    const contract = await getEthereumContract()
    tx = await contract.placeBid(tokenId, {
      from: connectedAccount,
      value: toWei(price),
    })

    await tx.wait()
    await getBidders(tokenId)
    await loadAuction(tokenId)
  } catch (error) {
    reportError(error)
  }
}

const claimPrize = async ({ tokenId, id }) => {
  try {
    if (!ethereum) return alert('Please install Metamask')
    const connectedAccount = getGlobalState('connectedAccount')
    const contract = await getEthereumContract()
    tx = await contract.claimPrize(tokenId, id, {
      from: connectedAccount,
    })
    await tx.wait()
    await getBidders(tokenId)
  } catch (error) {
    reportError(error)
  }
}

const loadAuctions = async () => {
  try {
    if (!ethereum) return alert('Please install Metamask')
    const contract = await getEthereumContract()
    const auctions = await contract.getLiveAuctions()
    setGlobalState('auctions', structuredAuctions(auctions))
    setGlobalState(
      'auction',
      structuredAuctions(auctions).sort(() => 0.5 - Math.random())[0],
    )
  } catch (error) {
    reportError(error)
  }
}

const loadAuction = async (id) => {
  try {
    if (!ethereum) return alert('Please install Metamask')
    const contract = await getEthereumContract()
    const auction = await contract.getAuction(id)
    setGlobalState('auction', structuredAuctions([auction])[0])
  } catch (error) {
    reportError(error)
  }
}

const getBidders = async (id) => {
  try {
    if (!ethereum) return alert('Please install Metamask')
    const contract = await getEthereumContract()
    const bidders = await contract.getBidders(id)
    setGlobalState('bidders', structuredBidders(bidders))
  } catch (error) {
    reportError(error)
  }
}

const loadCollections = async () => {
  try {
    if (!ethereum) return alert('Please install Metamask')
    const connectedAccount = getGlobalState('connectedAccount')
    const contract = await getEthereumContract()
    const collections = await contract.getMyAuctions({ from: connectedAccount })
    setGlobalState('collections', structuredAuctions(collections))
  } catch (error) {
    reportError(error)
  }
}

const structuredAuctions = (auctions) =>
  auctions
    .map((auction) => ({
      tokenId: auction.tokenId.toNumber(),
      owner: auction.owner.toLowerCase(),
      seller: auction.seller.toLowerCase(),
      winner: auction.winner.toLowerCase(),
      name: auction.name,
      description: auction.description,
      duration: Number(auction.duration + '000'),
      image: auction.image,
      price: fromWei(auction.price),
      biddable: auction.biddable,
      sold: auction.sold,
      live: auction.live,
    }))
    .reverse()

const structuredBidders = (bidders) =>
  bidders
    .map((bidder) => ({
      timestamp: Number(bidder.timestamp + '000'),
      bidder: bidder.bidder.toLowerCase(),
      price: fromWei(bidder.price),
      refunded: bidder.refunded,
      won: bidder.won,
    }))
    .sort((a, b) => b.price - a.price)

const reportError = (error) => {
  console.log(error.message)
  throw new Error('No ethereum object.')
}

export {
  isWallectConnected,
  connectWallet,
  createNftItem,
  loadAuctions,
  loadAuction,
  loadCollections,
  offerItemOnMarket,
  buyNFTItem,
  bidOnNFT,
  getBidders,
  claimPrize,
  updatePrice,
}

The Store

The store is a state management service included in this application. This is where all of the data extracted from the blockchain is kept. To replicate, create a store folder within the src directory. Next, within this folder, create a file called index.jsx and paste the codes below into it.

import { createGlobalState } from 'react-hooks-global-state'

const { getGlobalState, useGlobalState, setGlobalState } = createGlobalState({
  boxModal: 'scale-0',
  bidBox: 'scale-0',
  offerModal: 'scale-0',
  priceModal: 'scale-0',
  connectedAccount: '',
  collections: [],
  bidders: [],
  auctions: [],
  auction: null,
  currentUser: null,
  group: null,
})

const truncate = (text, startChars, endChars, maxLength) => {
  if (text.length > maxLength) {
    let start = text.substring(0, startChars)
    let end = text.substring(text.length - endChars, text.length)
    while (start.length + end.length < maxLength) {
      start = start + '.'
    }
    return start + end
  }
  return text
}

const convertToSeconds = (minutes, hours, days) => {
  const seconds = minutes * 60 + hours * 3600 + days * 86400
  const timestamp = new Date().getTime()
  return timestamp + seconds
}

export {
  getGlobalState,
  useGlobalState,
  setGlobalState,
  truncate,
  convertToSeconds,
}

Now start up the application by running **yarn start** on another terminal to see the result on the terminal. If you experience any trouble replicating this project you can drop a question on our discord channel.

You can also see this video to learn more about how to build an NFT marketplace from design to deployment.

Congratulations, that is how you build an NFT Marketplace using React, Solidity, and CometChat.

Conclusion

In conclusion, building an NFT auction site with React, Solidity, and CometChat requires a combination of front-end and back-end development skills.

By using these tools together, it is possible to create a fully functional NFT auction site that is secure, scalable, and user-friendly.

If you're ready to dive deeper into web3 development, schedule your private web3 classes with me to accelerate your web3 learning.

That said, I'll see you next time, and have a great day!

About the Author

Gospel Darlington is a full-stack blockchain developer with 6+ years of experience in the software development industry.

By combining Software Development, writing, and teaching, he demonstrates how to build decentralized applications on EVM-compatible blockchain networks.

His stacks include JavaScript, React, Vue, Angular, Node, React Native, NextJs, Solidity, and more.