I-Economics of Public Cloud Repatriation kanye nokuthi kungani ibiza kakhulu ngokwesikali

Okube sobala kule minyaka embalwa edlule ukuthi ifu lomphakathi, kuzo zonke izinzuzo zalo, alilethi ukonga kwezindleko ngesilinganiso. Iletha izinzuzo zokukhiqiza, iphuzu, kodwa ngeke kunciphise izindleko zakho. Kunobuhle efwini lomphakathi njengoba linikeza isiphakamiso senani elinamandla ngendlela emangalisayo—ingqalasizinda etholakala ngokushesha, ngesilinganiso esidingwa yibhizinisi—ukuqhuba kahle kokubili ekusebenzeni nakwezomnotho. Ifu liphinde lisize ukuhlakulela ukuqamba okusha njengoba izinsiza zenkampani zikhululwa ukuze kugxilwe emikhiqizweni emisha nasekukhuleni. Kodwa-ke, isenzo nje sokusebenzelana nedatha yakho sidala izindleko ze-egress, ezikhonjiswe ukuthi ziyingozi kakhulu. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma izinhlelo zokusebenza nemithwalo yomsebenzi ziphikelela, ingaguquguquki, futhi igxila kakhulu kudatha (ivolumu ephezulu/isivinini/izinhlobonhlobo zamakholi okufunda nokubhala), noma kubandakanya ukuhlaziya ukusebenza okuphezulu - akuzinzile kumafu omphakathi njengoba zikhula.

“..njengoba ulwazi lwemboni ngefu lukhula—futhi sibona isithombe esiphelele kakhulu somjikelezo wokuphila kwefu kwezomnotho wenkampani—kuya kuba sobala ukuthi nakuba ifu lisifeza ngokucacile isithembiso salo ekuqaleni kohambo lwenkampani, ingcindezi eliyibeka emaphethelweni. ingaqala ukwedlula izinzuzo, njengoba isikali senkampani sikhula kancane.” - U-Sara Wang no-Martin Casado, u-Andreessen-Horowitz, ngo-2021

Lokho kuthatha, nakuba kucace ngendlela emangalisayo, kwakusuka ku-2021. Ngo-2024, idatha ikhulile (isilinganiso esingu-~20% ngonyaka ngokusho Ucwaningo lwe-IDC kusukela ngo-2022 ), imithwalo yemisebenzi ibe nkulu futhi isikali sesiyinkinga. Akubona ubuchwepheshe bokukala, kodwa izindleko, ikakhulukazi, zokukala emafini omphakathi. Ngokusho kukaDavid Linthicum, kunezizathu eziyinhloko ze-3, ifu lomphakathi likhona “Wakhahlela eCurb” :

Izindleko - ngemithwalo ethile yomsebenzi, kubiza kakhulu ukuyiqhuba emafini. Izintengo zehardware yezimpahla zehlile kuze kube manje eminyakeni embalwa edlule, leyo hardware akuyona i-CapEx enkulu eyayiyiyo ngaphambili.

Ukufuduka Okuhlulekile - imithwalo yemisebenzi engazange yenziwe kabusha ngokufanele noma elungiswe ukuze ibe eyamafu igcine ibize u-~2.5X lokho obekucatshangwe ukuthi izoyibiza. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingasebenzi kahle endaweni zibonakale zingasebenzi kahle emafini. Ukuwenza asebenze kahle kubiza imali eningi futhi kugcine kungafanelekile.

Isidingo Esincishiswayo - Izinhlelo zokusebenza ekuqaleni ebezidinga ukuphothwa ngokushesha nangempumelelo, kanye nokukwazi ukukala, zifakwe esikalini emafini kodwa manje seziwumshini nje wemisebenzi ephindaphindwayo nokugcinwa kwedatha. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza azisazuzi ekulinganiseni okusheshayo okunganikezwa yifu, futhi manje zisebenzisa isitoreji esiningi ebizayo. Isidingo asisekho semodeli eguquguqukayo, ekhula ngokushesha. Ukuthengiswa kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha kwethule indlela entsha, eyongayo yokusebenzisa le mithwalo yomsebenzi. Ngokusho kwe-Barclay yakamuva I-CIO poll , amaCIO amaningi ayavuma.

Kusukela kulokho isiqephu esifanayo se-a16z -

"Ngo-2017, iDropbox inemininingwane kuyo S-1 ama-dollar ayizigidi ezingama-75 ekongeni okuqoqiwe eminyakeni emibili ngaphambi kwe-IPO ngenxa yokulungiswa kabusha kwengqalasizinda yabo, iningi layo elibandakanya ukubuyisela imithwalo yemisebenzi evela efwini lomphakathi. "

Uma izindleko zakho zamafu ziqala ukuhamba cishe ku-50% noma ngaphezulu wezindleko zakho zemali engenayo (njenge Asana , Datadog, I-Prerender.io , nabanye), sekuyisikhathi sokuqala ukubheka ukuthi imisebenzi yakho yenzani kumafu omphakathi. Ubuholi benhlangano nezamabhizinisi kumele bakuqaphele lokhu ukuze bakwazi ukuzungeza. Imithwalo ethile yomsebenzi, efana nokusebenzisa ikhyubhu yezibalo zedatha, isizindalwazi senkumbulo, noma iqoqo lezibalo zedatha ilingana kangcono nengqalasizinda etholakala kuqala. Kodwa lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa nje.

Ukugxila kuthrendi ethile ezothintwa yile nkinga yesikali, ake sibheke i-AI/ML, futhi ikakhulukazi, ama-LLM (Amamodeli Olimi Amakhulu). Uma uhlelo lwakho lwamanje lwe-AI lukwenza ukuthi uzakhele i-LLM yakho noma imodeli yesisekelo, cabanga ngobubi bokwenza lokhu njengefu lomphakathi:

1. Izindleko Eziphezulu Zesikali - Ukuqeqesha nokusebenzisa ama-LLM esikalini kuyabiza, futhi njengoba i-LLM ikhula, nezindleko zamafu omphakathi ziyanda.

   
   

2. Ukulahlekelwa Ukulawula - Unokulawula okuncane kanye nokubonakala kokusetshenziswa, ingqalasizinda, nokusebenza

   
   

3. I-Vendor Lock-in - Uma uqeqeshe ama-LLM endaweni eyodwa yamafu, kuzoba nzima ukuthuthela endaweni ehlukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuncika kuphela kumhlinzeki wefu oyedwa kuhlanganisa izingozi ezingokwemvelo, ikakhulukazi eziphathelene nokuguquguquka kwenqubomgomo nokuguquguquka kwentengo.

   
   

4. Ubumfihlo Bedatha Nokuphepha - Ngizophinde ngikhulume ngobukhosi bedatha lapha. Okubalulekile ukuthi uthemba idatha yakho kumhlinzeki ngamaseva asakazwa ezifundeni zomhlaba wonke.

   
   

Uma ibhizinisi lakho lisebenzisana nama-petabytes noma lithrenda kulolo hlobo lwesikali, ezomnotho zivuna ifu eliyimfihlo. Yebo, lokho kusho ukwakha ingqalasizinda (noma ukuyiqashisa kothile ofana no-Equinix), okuhlanganisa nezindlu ezithengiswayo, i-HW, amandla/ukupholisa, kodwa ezomnotho zisavuna kakhulu. Ifu lomphakathi liyindawo emangalisayo yokufunda indlela yendabuko yamafu kanye nokufinyelela kuphothifoliyo yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezitholakala efwini, kodwa akuyona indawo emangalisayo yokukala.

Isibonelo se-Economics

Ngakho-ke, yini ezomnotho? Ukuze uthole umzekeliso, ake sithathe i-datalake yesimanje engu-10PB esebenzisa i-Kubernetes ukuze iphathe i-Apache Spark ne-Dremio ngomthwalo wokuhlaziya oqhubekayo nokungashintshi. Lezi zinhlobo zemithwalo yomsebenzi zidinga ukufundwa kwedatha njalo futhi ibhalwe isuka endaweni yokugcina izinto ukuze ihlaziywe, ibuyekezwe futhi ivuselelwe, futhi yethulwe. Ngokombono wesakhiwo sezindleko, sizosebenzisa ukuqagela kubashayeli bezindleko abakhulu:

• Lawa machibi edatha nomsebenzi omningi unensiza ekhawulelwe uma singakwazi ukusebenzisa idatha. Idatha inikeza imininingwane, isebenzela ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, futhi ingase idinge ukucutshungulwa ngaphandle kwendawo yokubeka. Lokhu kudinga ukuthi idatha idluliswe ngaphandle kwesitoreji. Uma sicabanga ukuthi u-500TB ngenyanga uyafinyelelwa, lokho kumelela kuphela u-5% wedatha efinyelelwa ngenyanga.

  
  

• Ngezicelo zedatha/zezinto (ama-PUT, ama-GET, ama-HEAD, njll.), sisebenze namakhasimende omthwalo ofanayo ongaguquguquki futhi oqhubekayo abona izicelo zezinto ezingaphezu kuka-10b ngenyanga. Ngakho-ke, singasebenzisa i-10b njengokuqagela okulandelanayo kwalolu hlobo lomsebenzi.

  
  

• Ngokufanayo, lawo makhasimende afanayo abona inani elifanayo lezicelo zokubethela zalezo zinto, ngakho-ke sebenzisa futhi u-10b njengokuqagela okulandelanayo kwesibonelo sethu.

  
  

Ngaleyo mibono, izindleko zamafu omphakathi zingabukeka kanje:

Izindleko Zefu Lomphakathi Zonyaka ze-10PB = $7.3m noma $0.061 GB/mo

Ukucatshangelwa okungenhla yilokho kanye, futhi iqiniso lokuthi miningi kangaka ikutshela ukuthi izindleko zingashintsha kanjani kuye ngokusetshenziswa okuthile kanye nezici zomthwalo womsebenzi. Lokhu kudala izinselelo ezibalulekile ekuzameni ukwenza isabelomali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungabi ne-tiering noma yimuphi umsebenzi we-Data Lifecycle nakho kuyivelakancane, njengoba izinhlangano zivame ukuhambisa idatha kumazinga abandayo uma idatha "isebenza" kancane. Kodwa konke lokho kumane kwengeze ezindlekweni, njengoba ama-tier ahlukene anezintengo ezihlukene nge-GB/nyanga ngayinye, kanye nezindleko zokuhambisa ngokuzenzakalelayo izinto kulawo ma-tiers.

I-MiniO ikuvumela ukuthi ulinganisele efwini eliyimfihlo (i-colo noma isikhungo sedatha), usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo obusetshenziswa efwini lomphakathi: isitoreji sento ehambisanayo ye-S3 API, ikhompuyutha ecinene, inethiwekhi enesivinini esikhulu, i-Kubernetes, iziqukathi nama-microservices. Umehluko owodwa omkhulu ukuthi azikho izindleko zezicelo zesicelo (ama-GET, ama-PUT, njll.), futhi ayikho imikhawulo enanini lezicelo, inqobo nje uma ingqalasizinda iyakusekela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubethela kufakwe nenguqulo ye-MiniO Enterprise kanye Nomphakathi futhi ayikho imingcele enanini lezinto ezibethelwe eziceliwe.

Lokhu okukhethwa kukho kunikeza ukuhlanganisa okuhle kwezindleko zokusebenza, ukuguquguquka nokulawula. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi uzothatha i-CAPEX yezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha, kodwa ngokuqala okuncane nokusebenzisa ngokunenzuzo izifundo zefu ezibalulekile (ukuqina, ukukala ngengxenye, ukuhlukanisa ikhompuyutha kusuka kusitoreji), amabhizinisi anganciphisa imali yokuqala futhi andise ukonga kokusebenza.

Uma ibhangqwe nehadiwe yezimpahla futhi isebenza ku-colo, noma isikhungo sedatha sobunikazi, i-MiniO inganciphisa lezo zindleko zamafu zomphakathi (kanye nezindleko ezihambisana nokuphatha lezo zindleko zamafu) nganoma yikuphi phakathi kuka-50% - 70%, futhi kwezinye izimo, phezulu.

Izindleko Zonyaka ze-Colo/MinIO ze-10PB = $1.7m ngonyaka, noma $0.014 nge-GB/mo

Lokho kulingana nokwehliswa okungu-~ 77% kwezindleko zesitoreji ku-10PB wesitoreji uma kuqhathaniswa namafu omphakathi. Ngisho nezidingo zomthamo wesitoreji ezincane (200TB - 2PB), ukonga kufanele kuhlolwe. Ingasaphathwa eyokuthi uthola ukusebenza kwesitoreji okungcono kakhulu kwemboni, i-firewall eyakhelwe ngaphakathi yokuvikela izinga lebhakede, ukubonwa okuklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukugcinwa kwento, kanye ezinye izici eziningi ze-value-added lokho kungakubiza imali eyengeziwe efwini lomphakathi.

I-Resource Factor

Esinye isici esingeziwe okufanele sihlaziywe ngokushesha izinsiza (uhlobo lwabantu). Sizwile kumakhasimende ethu ukuthi inani lezinsiza ezidingekayo zokuphatha izingqalasizinda zamafu zomphakathi zingasukela ku-5-10 FTEs kuye ngosayizi wengqalasizinda yamafu. Lokho kufaka phakathi Onjiniyela Bamafu, Abaqondisi Bethimba Lefu, Onjiniyela be-DevOps, nama-Cloud PM. Ukusebenzisa izigaba zamaholo kanye nama-medians kusuka I-Glassdoor , lezo zindleko ze-FTE zingasukela ku-$700k - $1.5m ngonyaka, zilayishwe ngokugcwele.

Siphinde sizwe ngamakhasimende ethu (ama-76% awo, kunhlolovo yakamuva) ukuthi enye yezinto ezibalulekile ze-MiniO ukusebenziseka kalula nokulawuleka kwayo. Lolo cwaningo olufanayo lwathola ukuthi u-60% wabo ucaphune ikhono le-MiniO lokuletha Ukusebenza Okuthuthukisiwe Kokusebenza.

"I-MinIO...yehlise izindleko zokusisekela nokunakekela."

• Inkampani Yezinsizakalo Zochwepheshe

"I-MinIO njengomkhiqizo iyisisombululo esihle kakhulu sokugcina, [ine] .... yehlise izindleko zezinsiza [nga] ngaphezu kuka-50%.

• Umhlinzeki wesixazululo sobuchwepheshe ohamba phambili osebenza ngokukhethekile ekuqedeni ukunikezwa kwe-DevOps

Ngaphakathi, sisebenzisa i-MiniO ngomthwalo wemisebenzi eminingi ehlukene, izidingo zokulondoloza, ukuhlola, njll, futhi izilinganiso zethu ziwukuthi i-MiniO ingaphathwa ngu-1 FTE - 3 FTE wezingqalasizinda ze-PB+. Lokho kuvumela ingqalasizinda enkulu ngezinga enezinsiza ezincane.

Ukuqalisa

Manje njengoba usubonile ukuthi ezomnotho zisebenza kanjani futhi kungani ifu eliyimfihlo, ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi uyazibuza ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele ziqale phansi ngale ndlela. Ozakwethu babhale ngalokhu lapha futhi lapha , futhi ngiphakamisa ukuthi amaqembu akho e-Cloud kanye namaqembu e-DevOps abheke lawa mabhulogi ukuze uthole imininingwane yokufuduka kude nefu lomphakathi.

Sibone inqwaba yamakhasimende ethu ebuyisela kwamanye amazwe idatha yawo esebenzisa i-hardware yempahla kanye nezikhungo zawo zedatha noma i-colo, futhi aqaphela ukonga kwangempela kanye nezinzuzo ezivela kusixazululo se-MiniO esisebenza kahle kakhulu, esilula sokugcina izinto.

Njengoba ukuhlaziya okungenhla kubonisa, amabhizinisi angakwazi ukonga izindleko ezibalulekile, ngaphezu kuka-50% womthethosivivinywa wawo wonyaka wamafu womphakathi we-S3, ngokubuyisela idatha ku-hardware yawo endaweni yedatha noma isevisi yokuhlanganisa. Kulesi simo esingenhla, ngo-10PB kuphela, ibhizinisi lakho lingonga cishe u-$6.5 wezigidi eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo.

Iqiniso lalolu daba ukuthi ifu lomphakathi libiza kakhulu ngesilinganiso. Ukunwebeka ngokwemvelo kwefu lomphakathi kwenza ukukala lapho kubonakale kukhangayo, kodwa cishe njalo kuwukukhetha okungalungile ngokombono wezomnotho. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi emisebenzini edinga idatha efana ne-AI/ML, lapho izindleko nokulahlekelwa kokulawula kumafu omphakathi kungase kube kukhulu. Njengezilinganiso zedatha, izixazululo zamafu eziyimfihlo ezine-MiniO ziba phezulu ngokwezomnotho, zinikeza ubuchwepheshe obulinganayo (okungaba ngcono) ngezindleko ezincishisiwe. Ngokusebenzisa i-hardware yezimpahla kanye nengqalasizinda yamafu yangasese, izinkampani zingakwazi ukuzuza ukonga izindleko ezibalulekile kanye nezinzuzo zokusebenza uma kuqhathaniswa nefu lomphakathi, kwesinye isikhathi kuze kufike ku-70%. Siphakamisa ukuthi uhlole ukufuduka kude nefu lomphakathi ukuze uthole umsebenzi wakho omningi, futhi usebenzise i-MiniO ukuze wenze kube manje futhi ukale izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza ezibalulekile zebhizinisi.

Uma ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe futhi usebenzise umsebenzi wethu wobunjiniyela benani ukuze usebenzise amamodeli akho, sicela usithinte ku [email protected] futhi singakwazi ukuqala ingxoxo.