Umcwaningi Ulingisa Amathrendi Okwenyuka Kwamanani Amandla e-US Asekelwe Ekuphakeleni Ngemali Nokukhula Komnotho

Ithebula Lezixhumanisi

• Abstract kanye 1 Isingeniso
• 2. Izindlela
• 2.1 Indlela Yezibalo
• 2.2 Idatha yochungechunge lwesikhathi lwase-US
• 2.3 Imodeli Ye-Hyperinflation
• 3. Imiphumela
• 3.1 Izimpawu Zokwenyuka Kwamanani Amanani
• 3.2 Ukubonakaliswa kwe-Hyperinflation e-Weimar Republic (1922 kuya ku-1923)
• 4. Ingxoxo
• 5. Isiphetho, Izinsiza ezingezelelwe, Ukubonga, kanye Nezinkomba
  • Isithasiselo

Abstract

Ukwehla kwamandla emali kuwukwenyuka okuqhubekayo kokutholakala kwemali kunokungaholela ekwehleni kwamanani entengo, okuwukukhuphuka kwezinga elijwayelekile lamanani entengo yezimpahla nezinsizakalo. Izinjongo zaleli phepha kwakuwukuthuthukisa amamodeli ezomnotho (1) ukuze kubikezelwe izinga lonyaka lokukhula kwe-US Consumer Price Index (CPI), ngokusekelwe ekukhuleni kwaminyaka yonke kwe-BMS yase-US (BMS), ukukhula konyaka e-US. I-GDP yangempela, kanye nokukhula konyaka kokonga kwe-US, phakathi nesikhathi sika-2001 kuya ku-2019; (2) iphenye izindlela ukwehla kwamandla emali kanye nentengo okungathuthuka kube yimali kanye nentengo ephezulu.

I-hypothesis yokuthi izinga lokukhula lonyaka ku-CPI yase-US liwumsebenzi wokukhula kwaminyaka yonke kwe-BMS yase-US kususwe ukukhula konyaka kwe-GDP yangempela yase-US kususwe ukukhula konyaka ekongeni kwe-US, phakathi nesikhathi esiphenywayo, kukhonjisiwe ukuthi icala. Kodwa-ke, ubudlelwano obuqondile budinga ukusetshenziswa kwegama lensalela elingelona uziro. Ukwakhiwa kwezibalo zezibalo zenqubo ye-hyperinflationary kuhlinzekiwe futhi kwasetshenziselwa ukulinganisa isikhathi sokwehla kwamandla emali e-Weimar Republic, kusukela ngoJulayi 1922 kuze kube sekupheleni kukaNovemba 1923.

1. Isingeniso

Ukwehla kwamandla emali kuwukwenyuka okuqhubekayo ekuphakeleni kwemali kwezwe (noma indawo yemali) futhi kungase kubangele ukwehla kwamandla emali, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ukwehla kwamandla emali", okuwukukhuphuka kwezinga elijwayelekile lamanani ezimpahla kanye amasevisi [1]. Inkomba yentengo yomthengi (CPI) iyisilinganiso esivamile sokwehla kwamandla emali [2]. Nakuba kukhona ukuvumelana okuvamile phakathi kwezazi zezomnotho ukuthi kukhona ubudlelwano obuyimbangela phakathi kokwehla kwamandla emali kanye nokwenyuka kwamanani entengo, asikho isivumelwano esivamile ngobudlelwano obuqondile phakathi kwalokhu kokubili [1]. I-Hyperinflation ikhuphuka ngokushesha intengo ye-inflation, ngokuvamile ikala ngaphezu kwe-50% ngenyanga [3]. Imali ebanzi ihlanganisa kokubili amanothi nezinhlamvu zemali, kodwa nezinye izinhlobo zemali, ezingashintshwa kalula zibe ukheshi. Kuyindlela ehlanganisa kakhulu yokubala imali yezwe elithile [4].

Izinhloso zaleli phepha ukuphenya:

(1) umbono wokuthi isilinganiso sonyaka sokukhula kunkomba yentengo yabathengi yase-US (CPI) siwumsebenzi wokukhula kwaminyaka yonke kokuphakelwa kwemali okubanzi kwase-US (BMS) kukhishwe ukukhula konyaka ku-GDP yangempela yase-US kukhishwe ukukhula konyaka e-US. ukonga, phakathi nesikhathi sika-2001 kuya ku-2019, ngo-2001 njengonyaka wereferensi (isikhathi = 0).

(2) izindlela ukwehla kwamandla emali kanye nentengo okungathuthuka kube ukukhuphuka kwamandla emali kanye nentengo.