
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Abalobi: 
 
 
 
 
 Xiaolan Zhou Yasuyuki Sawada Matthew Shum Elaine S. Tan Isishwethamshelo Impahla yezisekelo zedijithali kwinkqubo yeenjongo zophuhliso oluzinzileyo zeZizwe eziManyeneyo (UN) (SDGs), ngakumbi ishishini lokuphila kwemicro, amashishini amancinci namaphakathi (MSMEs), phantsi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokulawulwa ngexesha nangemva kobhubhane we-COVID-19 ayikabinophando oluneminyaka. Sisebenzisa idatha eneenkcukacha ezivela kwi-Alibaba Group’s online on-demand food delivery platform, sifumanise ukuba isisekelo sedijithali sinegalelo ekukhuselekeni kokutya, impilo, umsebenzi kunye nokuphila kwamashishini e-MSMEs ngexesha nangemva kobhubhane. Sityhila iimpendulo zabathengisi ezingafaniyo kubhubhane we-COVID-19 ngexesha nangemva kokwenziwa kwemithetho eyahlukeneyo yokulawulwa e-China. Kumacala amaninzi, ixesha lokuvalwa ngokupheleleyo lashiya umonakalo ongagqithiyo kubathengisi be-intanethi ngokunciphisa inani labangenayo, ngakumbi kwishishini lokutya okuphekiweyo. Ngokuchaseneyo, kwicala elifanayo, iivenkile ezikhethekileyo, ngakumbi ezo zineenethiwekhi ezinkulu okanye iivenkile ezininzi ze-app, zibonise ukomelela ngakumbi kunezinye ngexesha nangemva kokuvalwa. Ngoko ke, ubugqisa (kwisiteyiti) kunye nokugubungela okubanzi (kwisiteyiti senethiwekhi) kwavela njengezinto eziphambili ezenza ishishini lokuphila phantsi kweemeko ezinzima zemali. Intshayelelo Kwishumi elidlulileyo, uqoqosho lwehlabathi luphawulwe kukwanda kwedijithali okungazange kwenzeke ngaphambili. Iisisekelo zedijithali azizange ziguqule kuphela iindlela esisebenzisana ngazo, sixelelane kwaye sitshintshiselane ngeempahla neenkonzo kodwa sikwanceda uqoqosho ukuba luphumelele kwiingxaki ezingalindelekanga. Ukwanda kwes trend ye-e-commerce kunye nokwanda kwedijithali kwiinkqubo eziphakamileyo kuye kwakhawuleziswa bubhubhane we-COVID-19 yehlabathi (ADB  ,  ; Du et al.  ). Ekupheleni kukaJanuwari 2020, urhulumente waseTshayina wazisa imigaqo-nkqubo emithathu engqongqo yokulawulwa kwezixeko ezahlukeneyo ukuthintela ukusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwesi sifo (Fang et al.  ; Qiu et al.  ), nto leyo eyanciphisa kakhulu izinga lokusasazeka kunye nokusasazeka kwe-COVID-19 (Alekseev et al.  ; Bartik et al.  ); yandisa imiphumo kwii-ecosystems ze-micro, amashishini amancinci namaphakathi (MSMEs; Bartik et al.  ; Bloom et al.  ; Mathijs de et al.  ; Cong et al.  ; Dai et al.  ,  ; Guo et al.  ; Kong et al.  ; Wang et al.  ); kwaye kwakhawulezisa ukwenziwa kwedijithali kwe-MSMEs e-China. Nangona kunjalo, indima edlalwa yimiphanda yedijithali ekuxhaseni iiNkqukumba zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo (SDGs) zeZizwe eziManyeneyo (UN), impahla yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokulawulwa kubathengisi bedijithali kunye nokusebenza kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zamashishini ekumeleni i-MSME esebenzayo kusashiyekile ukuba kuphononongwe. Ukugubungela esi sithuba kulwazi, olu phando lusebenzisa idatha eninzi evela kwi-Alibaba Group’s Ele.me e-China, eyinkonzo yokuhambisa ukutya kunye nezigcini ezikwi-intanethi; uninzi lweevenkile kwi-Ele.me zi-MSMEs. Eli phepha libonelela ngovavanyo oluphangaleleyo lwefuthe leendlela ezahlukeneyo zokulawulwa kubo bonke abathengisi abakhethiweyo kwi-Ele.me, kubathengisi kwiindidi zemveliso ezahlukeneyo (umzekelo, ukutya okuphekiweyo, ukutya okungaphekiyo, i-pharmacy), nakumathengisi ngabanye ngokulandelelana. Siyichaza indima yeenkqubo zokuhambisa ukutya kwidijithali ekufumaneni ii-SDGs ngexesha nangemva kobhubhane kwaye sibe siphakamise iziphakamiso zomgaqo-nkqubo kwii-policy-makers nakumathengisi. Olu phando lubonisa ukuba inkqubo yokuhambisa ukutya kwidijithali ayizange incede kuphela ekukhuselekeni kokutya, impilo, umsebenzi kunye nokuphila kwamashishini e-MSMEs ngexesha nangemva kobhubhane kodwa yakhuthaza ukuxhaswa kwe-SDGs. 2021a b 2022 2020 2020 2022 2020 2020 2020 2021 2022 2021a b 2022 2021 2020 Ukunceda kolu phando zezi zilandelayo. Okokuqala, luphonononga uphuhliso oluzinzileyo (SD) kwinkalo ye-MSMEs; le nkxaso ibalulekile kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho lase-China kuba inani labantu abaqeshwe yi-MSMEs kuzo zonke iinkampani laliyi-79.4% ngo-2018 (NBS  ). Ngaphezu koko, uphuhliso lwe-MSMEs lubalulekile kwi-SDG target 8.3. Idatha yobulawuli esetyenziswe apha, ekunzima ukuyifumana, ibonelela ngamathuba awodwa okuphonononga ngokobungakanani nangokupheleleyo impahla engapheliyo yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokulawulwa kwe-COVID-19 kubomi bamashishini be-MSMEs kwaye, ngenxa yoko, kuphuhliso lwangoku jikelele. Ngaphezu kwenani lee-odolo okanye intengiso, eziye zihlale ziphonongwa, sakha ii-proxies zenkqubo yeenkqubo kunye nezaphulelo zexabiso. Sisebenzise iitrendi zexesha le-quadratic ukulandelela ukungafani komthetho weziphumo zomgaqo-nkqubo, ngelixa phando ezininzi zingaphambili zisebenzise kuphela izinto ezichaza iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ukuqikelela iziphumo zomgaqo-nkqubo womyinge (Raj et al.  ; Han et al.  ; Guo et al.  ). Okwesibini, umzekelo wethu unxulumene kushishino lokutya kunye kushishino lwe-pharmacy, apho ukwenzwa kwedijithali kubonwa ngokusetyenziswa kwabathengisi kwiinkqubo zokuhambisa i-intanethi; iziphumo zinokukhanyisela indima yokwenzwa kwedijithali kwizindaba zokukhuseleka kokutya kunye nempilo ngexesha leengxaki, ezinxulumene nee-SDG targets 2.c kunye ne-3.8, ngokulandelanayo. Idatha yethu eyodwa isivumela ukuba sivelise umlinganiselo omnye wobungakanani bokwenzwa kwedijithali obuqhutywa yi-COVID-19, oko kukuthi, inani le-MSMEs kushishino lokutya elingenileyo kwinkqubo enye yokuhambisa ukutya kwidijithali e-China, exhunyaniswe ne-SDG target 8.3. Nangona lo milinganiso unemingcelele kwinkqubo enye, unokubonelela ngokuqonda ngempahla yeendlela zokulawulwa kumandleni yedijithali. Isiphumo sethu kukuba ezi ntshukumo zinemiphumo eyahlukeneyo kwiindidi zemveliso ezahlukeneyo, ezahlukileyo xa ixesha elide liphonongwa; ke ngoko, ixesha lobhubhane alizange libe nobudlelwane obucoleyo nokwenzwa kwedijithali, njengoko iye yaguquguquka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokulawulwa. Okwesithathu, siyiphononga impahla yeendlela ezimbini zamashishini, oko kukuthi, iivenkile ezikhethekileyo kunye neevenkile ezininzi ze-app, ekumeleni i-MSMEs ezingapheliyo. Kwii-MSMEs ezingenileyo kwinkqubo (oko kukuthi, zenziwe idijithali), sifumanise ukuba iziphumo zeendlela zokulawulwa ziyahluka ngokuhambelana nohlobo lomthengisi. Iivenkile ezikhethekileyo zifunyenwe zisebenza ngcono kuneevenkile ezingekhethekileyo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba nokuba zombini iintlobo zeevenkile zenziwe idijithali, inethiwekhi enkulu yezothethwano izisa inzuzo enkulu kumandleni yedijithali. Ngokufanayo, iivenkile ezininzi ze-app (ezikhombisa inqanaba eliphezulu lokwenzwa kwedijithali kuneevenkile ezingenazo ii-apps ezininzi) zifunyenwe zisebenza ngcono. 2019 2023 2022 2022 Inxalenye eseleyo yephepha iqhubeka ngolu hlobo. Okokuqala, sibonelela ngolwazi olufundwayo eligxininisa ekuboneleleni nge-UN SDGs nge-digitalization kunye nempahla ye-COVID-19 kubomi kunye nokumelwa kwe-MSMEs kwiingxaki ezingalindelekanga. Okwesibini, sichaza izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye neendlela, kubandakanya ukuvela kwe-COVID-19 e-China, idatha, iinyani ezingezizo imodeli, kunye neemodeli zokuhlolwa. Okwesithathu, sibonisa iziphumo zokuhlolwa kwiimpahla ezahlukeneyo zokulawulwa kunye neendlela ezimbini zamashishini. Okwesine, sifingqa iziphumo zethu kwaye sichaze iziphakamiso kwii-policy-makers nakumathengisi. Okwesihlanu kwaye okokugqibela, sigqiba ngemicelo yokufezekisa ii-UN SDGs ngeenkonzo zokuhambisa ukutya kwidijithali kunye nemingcele yale phando kunye nophando lwexesha elizayo. Uluhlu lwezinto ezifundwayo Ukulwa nee-UN SDGs nge-Digitalization Ngo-2015, iNdibano Jikelele yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yamkele i-Agenda ka-2030 yoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo, eyaleka ii-SDGs ezili-17 kunye neenqanaba ezili-169 (UN  ,  ). Ukuphunyezwa kwe-SDGs kujongene nemingeni emininzi, njengokubeka kwindawo kunye nokudibanisa kulawulo. Ukwenziwa kwedijithali kuthathwa njengenye yezona ziphuculo zinamandla zokufumana ii-SDGs (Gouvea et al.  ; Sachs et al.  ; Seele and Lock  ; Walker et al.  ). Ukuguqulwa kwedijithali kunye nokusebenza kwenethiwekhi kunganceda ukubeka ii-SDGs kwindawo (ElMassah and Mohieldin  ; Reuter  ) kunye nokuphucula ulawulo ukuze kufikelelwe ku-SD (Athey  ; Lowman  ). Ngokusasazeka kwe-big data kunye neteknoloji yolwazi kunye nonxibelelwano (ICT) kuzo zonke iindawo zobomi, ukwenziwa kwedijithali kuye kwanda kakhulu kwiimeko ezininzi, njengokusebenza ekhaya, imfundo ye-intanethi, impilo yedijithali (Novillo-Ortiz et al.  ; Asi and Williams  ), izixeko ezikrelekrele (Jain et al.  ), iirobotics, kunye nokuncitshiswa kwe-emission kunye nezinye izisombululo ezingezizo zendalo (He et al.  ), zonke ezi ziye zanegalelo ekufumaneni ii-SDGs, ngakumbi ngexesha nangemva kwe-COVID-19 (Pan and Zhang  ; Zhao et al.  ). Nangona kunjalo, ubudlelwane phakathi kwedijithali kunye nozimele buchazwa (Castro et al.  ; Vinuesa et al.  ). Ukwenziwa kwedijithali kunokulimaza amalungelo abantu asemthethweni okugcinwa kuyimfihlo, kubangele ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwedatha kunye nokujonga imeko yezopolitiko (Seele and Lock  ), ukulimaza ii-ecosystems zendalo (Bekaroo et al.  ) kwaye kube nefuthe elibi kwindalo nakumazinyo (LaPointe  ). Ukwenziwa kwedijithali kunganciphisa ukungalingani kwemali engenayo (Yin and Choi  ); nangona kunjalo, nokuba ukwenziwa kwedijithali kunciphisa ukungalingani kuxhomekeke kwindlela ekwakhiwe ngayo (Asongu and Odhiambo  ). Uninzi lwezifundo ezikhoyo ziye zamkela indlela ye-qualitative ukuphonononga impahla yokwenziwa kwedijithali ekufumaneni ii-SDGs, ngelixa izifundo ezimbalwa zamkele indlela ye-quantitative. Uninzi lwezifundo ezisebenzisa i-quantitative kwi-SDGs luhlola i-SDG index (SDGI) kwinqanaba lesizwe (Zhao et al.  ). Ngokwazi kwethu, akukho phando lugxile kwiindlela apho iinkqubo zokuhambisa ukutya kwidijithali ziye zancedisa ekufumaneni ii-SDGs ngexesha nangemva kobhubhane. 2015a b 2018 2019 2017 2019 2020 2023 2017 2017 2018 2020 2023 2023 2020 2022 2021 2020 2017 2016 2018 2022 2019 2022 Impahla ye-COVID-19 kubomi kunye nokuphila kwe-MSMEs Ukuphila kuthetha ukukwazi komjikelo woqoqosho ukuba kuthathe iingxaki kwaye kuphinde kuququzelele phambi kotshintsho lwezentlalo-qoqosho. Uzimele ngumqondo obanzi kunokuphila kwaye umele injongo yexesha elide, ekudibanisa ukusebenza kwezentlalo, kokusingqongileyo, kunye noqoqosho okuzuzisa izizukulwana ezikhoyo nezizayo (Geissdoerfer et al.  ; Ranjbar et al.  ; Elkington  ). Iingxaki zangaphandle, njengeentlekele zendalo, zihlala zisasazeka ngeendlela zokubonelela okanye uthungelwano lwababoneleli-abathengi beenkampani (Brummitt et al.  ; Inoue and Todo  ; Carvalho et al.  ). Izifundo ezigxininisa kwimpahla ye-COVID-19 kubomi zinokwahlulwa kwiinkalo ezintathu: ukusebenza kokusingqongileyo (Adelodun et al.  ; Amankwah-Amoah  ; Freire-González and Vivanco  ), ukusebenza kwezentlalo (Anholon et al.  ; Christoffel et al.  ; Sharma et al.  ; Ryan et al.  ; Iyengar  ), kunye nokusebenza kwezoqoqosho (Pan and Zhang  ). Uninzi lwezifundo ziye zamkela indlela ye-qualitative kunokuba ye-quantitative. Nangona kunjalo, izifundo ezininzi malunga nempahla yezoqoqosho ye-COVID-19 kwi-MSMEs ziye zasekela kwiikhangaliso okanye idatha yokutshintshiselana kwiiakhawunti zemali (Bartik et al.  ; Bloom et al.  ; Mathijs de et al.  ; Cong et al.  ; Dai et al.  ,  ; Guo et al.  ; Kong et al.  ; Wang et al.  ), kwaye ziye zaxilonga imiba ebalulekileyo efana nengeniso kunye neendleko zamashishini amancinci, izinto ezilindelekileyo zamashishini, ukubuyisa abasebenzi, ukuvalwa, ukungena, inani leenkampani, ukwenziwa kwedijithali, iingxaki zemali, kunye nokusebenza kwezinto ezibonelelwa yiinkampani. Nangona kunjalo, idatha yobulawuli eneenkcukacha malunga ne-MSMEs ayifumaneki lula kuphando okanye ibikwa kwinqanaba eliphantsi (umzekelo, rhoqo ngekota) kwii-surveys (Guo et al.  ; Kong et al.  ). Kushishino lokutyela, abanye abaphandi baye baluqikelela ngqo ukutyelelwa okanye ukusetyenziswa kwabasebenzi ngedatha yendawo yomnxeba, amanqaku ephepha lewebhu kunye nokubhukisha (Wang et al.  ; Glaeser et al.  ); izifundo ezimbalwa kuphela ezisebenzise inani lokwenyani lee-odolo ezivela kwinkqubo ye-intanethi (Raj et al.  ). Ukongeza, impahla ye-COVID-19 kwi-MSMEs iyahluka ngokubala indawo kunye neziphumo zenkampani, njengemali engenayo yendawo, nokuba irestoranti yivenkile ekhethekileyo, nokuba irestoranti ikumzantsi wedolophu, okanye nokuba ilizwe linemibono eyahlukeneyo yezopolitiko (Wang et al.  ; Glaeser et al.  ). Ngokwazi kwethu, akukho phando langaphambili luye lwasebenzisa idatha yobulawuli eneenkcukacha-nwelo ephezulu ukulinganisa impahla engapheliyo yeendlela zokulawulwa kubathengisi, abasebenzisi, abaqhubi bokuhambisa, inkqubo yeemveliso kunye nezaphulelo zexabiso kwiinkqubo zokuhambisa ukutya kwidijithali. Uk 2017 2021 1998 2017 2019 2021 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2021 2022 2021a b 2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2022 2021 2023 2022 2021

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Inde kakhulu; Ukufunda

* Kutafundiswe yintoni yi-COVID malunga namaqonga edijithali kunye nokuphila kwamashishini amancinci
* Izinto esazifundiswa yi-COVID malunga namaqonga edijithali nokuphila kwamashishini amancinci

* Kutafundiswe yintoni yi-COVID malunga namaqonga edijithali kunye nokuphila kwamashishini amancinci * Izinto esazifundiswa yi-COVID malunga namaqonga edijithali nokuphila kwamashishini amancinci

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