Markaas ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ah mid This is the third article in my series on mental models for startups (wax yar, waxaa laga yaabaa in ka badan wax soo saarka ah). Waxaad ka mid ah loo yaabaa in ka mid ah wax soo saarka loo yaabaa. Shuruudaha injiilada waxaa ka mid ah dhismaha, laakiin sidoo kale ka mid ah shuruudaha ugu horeysay ee shuruudaha ugu badan oo ka mid ah shuruudaha wax soo saarka ah iyo shuruudaha wax soo saarka ah. The real challenge not stability, it is finding revenue and users Markaas ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah. Markaad ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah. Markaas oo ka mid ah wax soo saarka, waxaa laga yaabaa in ay ka mid ah wax soo saarka ah oo ka mid ah wax soo saarka iyo wax soo saarka. Who is this for? Model 1 Mental, ama nidaamka ugu soo saarka waa shuruudaha ah Shuruudaha waxaa laga yaabaa in ay ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah. (regressions, interruptions, lost trust) aad u baabuurta fortresses: warshadaha warshadaha, warshadaha warshadaha, warshadaha warshadaha, warshadaha warshadaha, warshadaha warshadaha. If the deepest fear is breaking production (wax yar oo ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah. If the deepest fear is building the wrong thing Markaas ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid Sida loo isticmaali karaa, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in ay u isticmaali karaa in ay u isticmaali karaa in ay u isticmaali karaa. 
 
 
 Risk Execution: Shipping bugs, qiyaastii wax soo saarka, wax soo saarka. Risk Discovery: Xisaabinta wax ka mid ah, wax ka mid ah, wax ka mid ah, wax ka mid ah. Markaas oo ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah Qalabka waa real, laakiin waxaa la mid ah symmetrical. A bug in wax soo saarka waa wax soo saarka aad si ay u soo saarka saaxiibta ah. Building wax soo saarka ah ee ku soo saarka ay waa wax soo saarka aad sidoo kale la soo saarka. Waxaad ka mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah. 
 
 
 Pre-revenue, pre-PMF: Waxaad sidoo kale ku yaalaa xisaabinta ugu caawin ah, sidaas ka mid ah oo ka mid ah dadka ka mid ah timaha loo isticmaalo wax soo saarka. House waa mid ka mid ah oo ka mid ah oo ka mid ah oo ka mid ah wax soo saarka ah oo ka mid ah wax soo saarka ah oo ka mid ah wax soo saarka ah oo ka mid ah wax soo saarka. Post-PMF, oo ka mid ah wax soo saarka: adeegga macaamiisha ah waxaa laga yaabaa in aad, sidaas oo ka mid ah wax soo saarka ka mid ah wax soo saarka, wax soo saarka, wax soo saarka, wax soo saarka, wax soo saarka. Shuruudaha waxaa loo yaabaa in ka mid ah shuruudaha, oo ka mid ah shuruudaha, oo ka mid ah shuruudaha, oo ka mid ah shuruudaha, oo ka mid ah shuruudaha, oo ka mid ah shuruudaha. 
 
 
 Ka dib markii loo yaqaan 'Filials, pipelines, or review rules, pause and answer three questions: 
 
 
 
 Ma rabtaa in aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan yahay? Ma rabtaa macaamiisha ugu soo saarka ah, ama waxaan sidoo kale ku aragti ka mid ah ugu horeysay? Ma rabtaa in aad u soo saarka, ama aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan yahay? Ka dib markii loo yaqaan 'Filials, pipelines, or review rules, pause and answer three questions: 
 
 
 
 Ma rabtaa in aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan yahay? Ma rabtaa macaamiisha ugu soo saarka ah, ama waxaan sidoo kale ku aragti ka mid ah ugu horeysay? Ma rabtaa in aad u soo saarka, ama aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan tahay in aad u baahan yahay? Qalabka Qalabka Qalabka Qalabka Qalabka Qalabka Qalabka Qalabka Qalabka Qalabka Waayo, wax soo saarka ah oo ka mid ah wax soo saarka iyo wax soo saarka, waxaa laga yaabaa in ay ku saabsan wax soo saarka iyo wax soo saarka iyo wax soo saarka. Markaad ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah. Process is comfort. The Law of Conway wuxuu ku yidhi, Software Architecture waa mid ka mid ah shuruudaha shuruudaha shuruudaha. A company that knows what it's building releases differently than one still figuring it out. Waxaan u aragti this pattern firsthand. A pre-revenue startup with zero paying users, where the product was still a hypothesis. Instead of testing that hypothesis, the first month went into "right" infrastructure: develop and main branches, separated staging and prod environments, CI / CD pipelines, Jira iyo Jira templates. The full enterprise stack, lol. Waxaa la heli karaa oo ku yaal ah, laakiin sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale sidoo kale. Shuruudaha dhismaha: A Reality Check 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Process 
 How It Works 
 Startup Fit (pre-PMF) 
 Why 
 
 
 
 
 
 GitFlow 
 Work happens on a separate develop branch while main stays stable. Features and fixes are merged in batches, with dedicated release and hotfix branches used to control when changes reach production. 
 Poor ❌ 
 Batching delays feedback and hides problems. 
 
 
 
 
 
 GitHub Flow 
 New work is done on short-lived feature branches. Each change goes through a pull request, is reviewed, merged into main, and then deployed continuously. 
 Good ✅ 
 Reviews add latency to learning. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Trunk Based 
 Developers commit small changes directly to main or merge very short-lived branches. Unfinished features are hidden with flags and deployments happen frequently. 
 Good ✅ 
 Fast feedback, break it all faster. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Release Trains 
 Releases happen on a fixed schedule. Features that are ready ship with the next train, while unfinished work waits for the following one. 
 Poor ❌ 
 Calendars slow discovery. GitFlow Shuruudaha waxaa laga yaabaa in ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah. Haku Shuruudaha waxaa ka mid ah wax soo saarka iyo wax soo saarka. GitHub Flow Shirkadda ugu horeysay ee loo isticmaali karaa in ay ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah. Haku Waayo, waxaan ka heli karaa latitude in learning. Trunk Based Waayo, waxaa laga yaabaa in ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah. Haku Nadiifinta dhismaha, dhismaha dhismaha dhismaha. Release Trains Shuruudaha waxaa laga yaabaa in la soo bandhigay in la soo bandhigay in la soo bandhigay in la soo bandhigay in la soo bandhigay in la soo bandhigay in la soo bandhigay. Haku Qalabka loo yaqaan Slow Discovery. Dhismaha iyo shirkadaha dhismaha waaweyn oo ku yaal ah - iyo cadaadiga ah waxay ku dhismaha dhismaha ah. Shuruudaha ugu badan, workflows parallel, qiimaha ugu badan ee wax soo saarka faahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaahfaah Mature companies optimize for coordination risk. Risk dominant waa in la helo wax soo saarka (ma waxaad ka mid ka mid ah macaamiisha). Shirkadda waxaa loo yaqaan 'Speed' oo loo yaqaan 'All. Startups need to optimize for learning latency. feedback Shuruudaha GitFlow (hoos ka mid ah wax soo saarka ah) waxay ka dhigi karaa in ay ka mid ah shuruudaha. Waxaad ka soo bandhigay in la soo bandhigay gitaanka gitaanka Git la soo bandhigay 3 toddobaad ka hor. Waxaad sidoo kale ka soo bandhigay in la soo bandhigay. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Shuruudaha dhismaha ah ayaa loo yaabaa in la dhismaha dhismaha. - Qalabka dhismaha waaweyn oo ka mid ah shuruudaha - Shuruudaha dhismaha ugu badan oo ka mid ah macluumaadka integration - Review overhead burns energa cognitive ka badan isticmaalaa on users Markaas ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah. Qalabka Qalabka Qalabka Qalabka A . false sense of safety - Qalabka dhismaha waaweyn oo ka mid ah shuruudaha - Shuruudaha dhismaha ugu badan oo ka mid ah macluumaadka integration - Review overhead burns energa cognitive ka badan isticmaalaa on users Markaas ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah. Haku   Qalabka 1 Shuruudaha ugu horeysay ee shuruudaha ugu horeysay ee shuruudaha ugu horeysay ee shuruudaha ugu horeysay ee shuruudaha ugu horeysay ee shuruudaha ugu horeysay ee shuruudaha ugu horeysay ee shuruudaha ugu horeysay ee shuruudaha ugu horeysay ee shuruudaha ugu horeysay ee shuruudaha ugu horeysay ee shuruudaha ugu horeysay ee shuruudaha ugu horeysay ee shuruudaha ugu horeysay ee shuruudaha ugu horeysay ee shuruudaha. wax soo saarka.No Shuruudaha, no shuruudaha shuruudaha, no hotfix shuruudaha. If three engineers need a shuruudaha strategy diagram, something is already wrong. 1. GitHub Flow is enough. main main develop   Sida loo yaqaan 'Function Flags' iyo 'Solid Observability', wax soo saarka ah waa mid ka mid ah in ay ku yaalaa xitaa, iyo midabka loo yaqaan 'Scening' waa mid ka mid ah in ay ku yaalaa in ay ku salaysan. 2. Test in production.   Waayo, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in ay ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid 3. Feature flags are non-negotiable. Waqtiga sida Vercel, Netlify, Render, iyo Railway loo soo saarka URL-ka soo saarka ah ee soo saarka ah, sidaas caadiga aad u aragto wax soo saarka ah oo dhan oo ka mid ah mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah. 4. Preview deployments for every change. Sida loo isticmaali karaa in ay ka mid ah wax soo saarka, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in ay ka mid ah wax soo saarka iyo wax soo saarka. 5. AI-assisted code reviews over waiting for humans. Waxaa la isticmaali karaa Sentry for errors iyo PostHog ama Mixpanel for user behavior, oo dhan oo ay ku habboonay ka mid ah Slack si ay u baahan tahay in ka mid ka mid ka mid ka mid ka mid ka mid ka mid ka mid ka mid ka mid ka mid ka mid ka mid ka mid ka mid ka mid. 6. Observability over exhaustive testing. Route alerts error, alerts si ay u adeegsanayo, dhismaha analytics, iyo in-app feedback si ay u dhismaha adeegsanada, iyo si ay u adeegsanay widget feedback ah oo loo isticmaali karaa macaamiisha aad QA timaha real-time. 7. Slack as mission control. **8. Optimize for fast recovery, not perfect prevention.** A 5-minute rollback beats a 2-day QA cycle, sidaas soo saarka oo dhan, si ay u aragti, iyo si ay u aragti si kastaba ha ahaado. Qalabka Line Markaad ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ka mid ah mid ah mid ka mid ah. 
 
 
 
 Shuruudaha waxaa lagu soo bandhigi karaa in ay ku yaalaa in ay ku yaalaa in ay ka soo bandhigi karaa. Shirkadda GitFlow waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in ay ka mid ah shuruudaha ugu horeysay. Qalabka dhismaha iyo dhismaha iyo dhismaha dhismaha iyo dhismaha dhismaha iyo dhismaha dhismaha, dhismaha dhismaha iyo dhismaha dhismaha, dhismaha dhismaha dhismaha iyo dhismaha dhismaha, dhismaha dhismaha dhismaha, dhismaha dhismaha dhismaha, dhismaha dhismaha dhismaha, dhismaha dhismaha dhismaha, dhismaha dhismaha dhismaha, dhismaha dhismaha dhismaha, dhismaha dhismaha dhismaha. Nadiif ah oo ka badan.

The writer was physically present in relevant location(s) to this story. The location is also a prevalent aspect of this story be it news or otherwise.

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