How To Build a Realtime Photoshop 🎨

This weekend we are going to make something amazing, we are going to re-create Photoshop!

Not entirely, but we'll be playing with variable CSS Filters!

I choose to build a playground so people can understand what each filter's effect is! I do hope you find it helpful.

Things we will address in this article are:

CSS VariablesCSS FiltersJavaScript Setting CSS Variables

Let's get right to it!

HTML Structure

Our application is going to have one image on the left hand side, and then our slider controls on the right, so let's start by creating this in HTML:

<div class="container">
  <img
    src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1508671323699-6df22ecaec2a?ixlib=rb-1.2.1&ixid=eyJhcHBfaWQiOjEyMDd9&auto=format&fit=crop&w=250&q=80"
    id="main-image"
  />
  <div class="toolbox">
    <label>
      Blur
      <input id="blur" max="20" min="0" step="1" type="range" value="0" />
    </label>
    <label>
      Brightness
      <input id="brightness" max="1" min="0" step="0.1" type="range" value="1" />
    </label>
    <label>
      Contrast
      <input id="contrast" max="200" min="0" step="1" type="range" value="100" />
    </label>
    <label>
      Grayscale
      <input id="grayscale" max="100" min="0" step="1" type="range" value="0" />
    </label>
    <label>
      Hue
      <input id="hue" max="360" min="0" step="1" type="range" value="0" />
    </label>
    <label>
      Invert
      <input id="invert" max="100" min="0" step="1" type="range" value="0" />
    </label>
    <label>
      Opacity
      <input id="opacity" max="100" min="0" step="1" type="range" value="100" />
    </label>
    <label>
      Saturate
      <input id="saturate" max="200" min="0" step="1" type="range" value="100" />
    </label>
    <label>
      Sepia
      <input id="sepia" max="100" min="0" step="1" type="range" value="0" />
    </label>
  </div>
</div>

There we go, as you can see we are using the HTML range type sliders and give them default values, which are the normal values for each filter.

Adding our General Styling

Let's start by adding our general styling:

.container {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  height: 100vh;
  background: #eee;
}
.toolbox {
  margin-left: 50px;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-direction: column;
}
label {
  margin-bottom: 5px;
}

Nothing fancy, we are using Flex to center everything and add some primary margin to our elements.

Adding our CSS Variables

In today's topic we are addressing CSS Variables, these are super useful because they can easily be changed by JavaScript!

:root {
  --blur: 0;
  --brightness: 1;
  --contrast: 100;
  --grayscale: 0;
  --hue: 0;
  --invert: 0;
  --opacity: 100;
  --saturate: 100;
  --sepia: 0;
}

Above, you see all the variables we are using. They correspond with the HTML inputs we created!

So we set them all to have our basic starting point values, but how do they do something?

CSS Filters

As we saw in our article about our CSS Disco Text, CSS Filters are really cool.

The filters we can use are as follows:

• url (We won't use this today)
• blur
• brightness
• contrast
• drop-shadow (Also, won't be used)
• grayscale
• hue-rotate
• invert
• opacity
• saturate
• sepia

So let's address this and add the filters to our Image.

#main-image {
  transition: all 300ms ease-in-out;
  filter: blur(calc(1px * var(--blur))) brightness(var(--brightness)) contrast(
      calc(1% * var(--contrast))
    ) grayscale(calc(1% * var(--grayscale))) hue-rotate(calc(1deg * var(--hue))) invert(
      calc(1% * var(--invert))
    )
    opacity(calc(1% * var(--opacity))) saturate(calc(1% * var(--saturate))) sepia(calc(1% *
          var(--sepia)));
  border: 5px solid #fff;
}

Wow! Massive code-block, but basically, you can only have one filter element, so we "chain" the filters after each other!

Ok, cool, we now set all the filters on our image, but nothing changed?

Correct! These are all the default values of each filter, so let's add some JavaScript to make the sliders affect our variables.

JavaScript Setting CSS Variables

First let's start and get our image object.

var img = document.getElementById('main-image');

Ok, now we need to find all our sliders

var inputs = document.querySelectorAll('input');

Next, we want to loop over each input and attach a event listener.

[].forEach.call(inputs, function(input) {
  input.addEventListener('input', e => {
    img.style.setProperty('--' + input.id, input.value);
  });
});

We add an event listener to our input event, so every time the slider changes, we execute the function. The function then gets our image variable and uses the setProperty function to set the variables (e.g. --blur) to the input value!

Isn't this cool?!

Please have a play around with this Codepen, because actually trying it will show you how it works.

Browser Support

As mentioned before, CSS Filters are cool, but not widely supported yet 😩.

There is a polyfill, but also limited.

Thank you for reading, and let's connect!

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Previously published at https://daily-dev-tips.com/posts/building-a-realtime-photoshop-%F0%9F%8E%A8/