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First Avenue

Time

Happy Motoring is fading into the past. For dense cities, non-automobile travel options are the future. And downtown's backbone will be the streetcar. Jon Talton explains why.

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It’s time to build Seattle’s First Avenue Streetcar

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Seattle Times

Rebecca

From Cabaret to Streetcar, the West End’s hottest director Rebecca Frecknall has a reputation for finding leads who put bums on seats. ‘I just go on my gut,’ she says

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The Guardian

‘I want it to feel quite feral’: Rebecca Frecknall on staging Romeo and Juliet

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Corner

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Potential

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Turning the Corner

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The Business Journals

For about three years residents and tourists could get down Rampart from Canal to Elysian Fields using the streetcar. Now, newer businesses on Rampart haven’t been able to take full advantage of their location.

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Violation out-of-service

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Rampart streetcar still out of service

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WWLTV

San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency

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The earliest overhead transit power lines were built for San Francisco’s first electric streetcar line, which opened in 1892. As more electric streetcar lines came into service over the years, the electric grid above them expanded into a complex network requiring more power and more maintenance.

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Tracks in the Sky: Overhead Lines Then and Now

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SFMTA

Ohio State University

Ohio State faced hostility in Lexington when it played its first-ever out-of-state football games in 1895, still the only time the Buckeyes have ever played in the state of Kentucky.

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Eleven Warriors

El Paso

Rolling

Sun Metro resumed regular El Paso Streetcar service Wednesday after it was suspended due to safety concerns near Sacred Heart Church.

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El Paso Streetcar rolling again after service suspension during migrant crisis

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YAHOO!News

Traffic congestion

OPINION: While long-term projects are built, we need solutions we can implement without multi-year consultation processes and construction. So what are the options?

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The only way to fix traffic congestion is getting more people out of cars

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Subway

Detroit-Superior Bridge

Cleveland Scene

Rediscover Veterans Memorial Bridge” promises views, entertainment, and a chance for visitors to weigh in on its future

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Lower Subway Level of Detroit-Superior Bridge Will Open to Public for Two Days in June

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Charlotte Area Transit System

Beginning Monday, June 5, the Charlotte Area Transit System (CATS) will adjust schedules on bus routes 16 – South Tryon and 56 – Arrowood, to improve on-time performance.

CATS Announces June Service Changes

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WCCB

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Streetcar

Psychopathology of Everyday Life by Sigmund Freud, is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here . COMBINED FAULTY ACTS COMBINED FAULTY ACTS Two of the last-mentioned examples, my error which transfers the Medici to Venice and that of the young man who knew how to circumvent a command against a conversation on the telephone with his lady love, have really not been fully discussed, as after careful consideration they may be shown to represent a union of forgetting with an error. I can show the same union still more clearly in certain other examples. (a) A friend related to me the following experience: “Some years ago I consented to be elected to the committee of a certain literary society, as I supposed the organization might some time be of use to me in assisting me in the production of my drama. Although not much interested, I attended the meetings regularly every Friday. Some months ago I was definitely assured that one of my dramas would be presented at the theatre in F., and since that time it regularly happened that I forgot the meeting of the association. As I read their[Pg 266] programme announcements I was ashamed of my forgetfulness. I reproached myself, feeling that it was certainly rude of me to stay away now when I no longer needed them, and determined that I would certainly not forget the next Friday. Continually I reminded myself of this resolution until the hour came and I stood before the door of the meeting-room. To my astonishment it was locked; the meeting was already over. I had mistaken my day; it was already Saturday!” (b) The next example is the combination of a symptomatic action with a case of mislaying; it reached me by remote byways, but from a reliable source. A woman travelled to Rome with her brother-in-law, a renowned artist. The visitor was highly honoured by the German residents of Rome, and among other things received a gold medal of antique origin. The woman was grieved that her brother-in-law did not sufficiently appreciate the value of this beautiful gift. After she had returned home she discovered in unpacking that—without knowing how—she had brought the medal home with her. She immediately notified her brother-in-law of this by letter, and informed him that she would send it back to Rome the next day. The next day, however, the medal was so aptly mislaid that it could not be found and could not be sent back, and then it dawned[Pg 267] on the woman what her “absent-mindedness” signified—namely, that she wished to keep the medal herself. (c) Here are some cases in which the falsified action persistently repeats itself, and at the same time also changes its mode of action:— Due to unknown motives, Jones left a letter for several days on his desk, forgetting each time to post it. He ultimately posted it, but it was returned to him from the Dead-letter Office because he forgot to address it. After addressing and posting it a second time it was again returned to him, this time without a stamp. He was then forced to recognize the unconscious opposition to the sending of the letter. [65] (d) A short account by Dr. Karl Weiss (Vienna) of a case of forgetting impressively describes the futile effort to accomplish something in the face of opposition. “How persistently the unconscious activity can achieve its purpose if it has cause to prevent a resolution from being executed, and how difficult it is to guard against this tendency, will be illustrated by the following incident: An acquaintance requested me to lend him a book and bring it to him the next day. I immediately promised it, but perceived a distinct feeling of displeasure[Pg 268] which I could not explain at the time. Later it became clear to me: this acquaintance had owed me for years a sum of money which he evidently had no intention of returning. I did not give this matter any more thought, but I recalled it the following forenoon with the same feeling of displeasure, and at once said to myself: ‘Your unconscious will see to it that you forget the book, but you don’t wish to appear unobliging and will therefore do everything not to forget it.’ I came home, wrapped the book in paper, and put it near me on the desk while I wrote some letters. [66] “A little later I went away, but after a few steps I recollected that I had left on the desk the letters which I wished to post. (By the way, one of the letters was written to a person who urged me to undertake something disagreeable.) I returned, took the letters, and again left. While in the street-car it occurred to me that I had undertaken to purchase something for my wife, and I was pleased at the thought that it would be only a small package. The association, ‘small package,’ suddenly recalled ‘book’—and only then I noticed that I did not have the book with me. Not only had I forgotten it when I left my home the first time, but I had overlooked it again when I got the letters near which it lay.” (e) A similar mechanism is shown in the following fully analysed observation of Otto Rank :— [67] “A scrupulously orderly and pedantically precise man reported the following occurrence, which he considered quite remarkable: One afternoon on the street wishing to find out the time, he discovered that he had left his watch at home, an omission which to his knowledge had never occurred before. As he had an engagement elsewhere and had not enough time to return for his watch, he made use of a visit to a woman friend to borrow her watch for the evening. This was the most convenient way out of the dilemma, as he had a previous engagement to visit this lady the next day. Accordingly, he promised to return her watch at that time. “But the following day when about to consummate this he found to his surprise that he had left the watch at home; his own watch he had with him. He then firmly resolved to return the lady’s property that same afternoon, and even followed out his resolution. But on wishing to see the time on leaving her he found to his chagrin and astonishment that he had again forgotten to take his own watch. “The repetition of this faulty action seemed so pathologic to this order-loving man that he was quite anxious to know its psychologic motivation,[Pg 270] and when questioned whether he experienced anything disagreeable on the critical day of the first forgetting, and in what connection it had occurred, the motive was promptly found. He related that he had conversed with his mother after luncheon, shortly before leaving the house. She told him that an irresponsible relative, who had already caused him much worry and loss of money, had pawned his (the relative’s) watch, and, as it was needed in the house, the relative had asked for money to redeem it. This almost “forced” loan affected our man very painfully and brought back to his memory all the disagreeable episodes perpetrated by this relative for many years. “His symptomatic action therefore proves to be manifoldly determined. First, it gives expression to a stream of thought which runs perhaps as follows: ‘I won’t allow my money to be extorted this way, and if a watch is needed I will leave my own at home.’ But as he needed it for the evening to keep his appointment, this intention could only be brought about on an unconscious path in the form of a symptomatic action. Second, the forgetting expresses a sentiment something like the following: ‘This everlasting sacrificing of money for this good-for-nothing is bound to ruin me altogether, so that I will have to give up everything.’ Although the anger, according to the report[Pg 271] of this man, was only momentary, the repetition of the same symptomatic action conclusively shows that in the unconscious it continued to act more intensely, and may be equivalent to the conscious expression: ‘I cannot get this story out of my head. That the lady’s watch should later meet the same fate will not surprise us after knowing this attitude of the unconscious.’ [68] “Yet there may be still other special motives which favour the transference on the ‘innocent’ lady’s watch. The nearest motive is probably that he would have liked to keep it as a substitute for his own sacrificed watch, and that hence he forgot to return it the next day. He also might have liked to possess this watch as a souvenir of the lady. Moreover, the forgetting of the lady’s watch gave him the excuse for calling on the admired one a second time; for he was obliged to visit her in the morning in reference to another matter, and with the forgetting of the watch he seemed to indicate that this visit for which an appointment had been made so long ago was too good for him to be used simply for the return of a watch. “Twice forgetting his own watch and thus making possible the substitution of the lady’s[Pg 272] watch speaks for the fact that our man unconsciously endeavoured to avoid carrying both watches at the same time. He obviously thought of avoiding the appearance of superfluity which would have stood out in striking contrast to the want of the relative; but, on the other hand, he utilized this as a self-admonition against his apparent intention to marry this lady, reminding himself that he was tied to his family (mother) by indissoluble obligations. “Finally, another reason for the forgetting of the lady’s watch may be sought in the fact that the evening before he, a bachelor, was ashamed to be seen with a lady’s watch by his friends, so that he only looked at it stealthily, and in order to evade the repetition of this painful situation he could not take the watch along. But as he was obliged to return it, there resulted here, too, an unconsciously performed symptomatic action which proved to be a compromise formation between conflicting emotional feelings and a dearly bought victory of the unconscious instance.” In the same discussion Rank has also paid attention to the very interesting relation of “faulty actions and dreams,” which cannot, however, be followed here without a comprehensive analysis of the dream with which the faulty action is connected. I once dreamed at great length that I had lost my pocket-book. In the morning[Pg 273] while dressing I actually missed it; while undressing the night before the dream I had forgotten to take it out of my trousers pocket and put it in its usual place. This forgetting was therefore not unknown to me; probably it was to give expression to an unconscious thought which was ready to appear in the dream content. I do not mean to assert that such cases of combined faulty actions can teach anything new that we have not already seen in the individual cases. But this change in form of the faulty action, which nevertheless attains the same result, gives the plastic impression of a will working towards a definite end, and in a far more energetic way contradicts the idea that the faulty action represents something fortuitous and requires no explanation. Not less remarkable is the fact that the conscious intention thoroughly fails to check the success of the faulty action. Despite all, my friend did not pay his visit to the meeting of the literary society, and the woman found it impossible to give up the medal. That unconscious something which worked against these resolutions found another outlet after the first road was closed to it. It requires something other than the conscious counter-resolution to overcome the unknown motive; it requires a psychic work which makes the unknown known to consciousness. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Sigmund Freud (2022). Psychopathology of Everyday Life. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022 https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/67332/pg67332-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org , located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html .

COMBINED FAULTY ACTS

The Jungle: Chapter XXVII

The Jungle: Chapter XXVI

The Jungle: Chapter XX

The Jungle: Chapter XVIII

The Jungle: Chapter XV

The Jungle, by Upton Sinclair is part of HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here . Chapter XIV CHAPTER XIV With one member trimming beef in a cannery, and another working in a sausage factory, the family had a first-hand knowledge of the great majority of Packingtown swindles. For it was the custom, as they found, whenever meat was so spoiled that it could not be used for anything else, either to can it or else to chop it up into sausage. With what had been told them by Jonas, who had worked in the pickle rooms, they could now study the whole of the spoiled-meat industry on the inside, and read a new and grim meaning into that old Packingtown jest—that they use everything of the pig except the squeal. Jonas had told them how the meat that was taken out of pickle would often be found sour, and how they would rub it up with soda to take away the smell, and sell it to be eaten on free-lunch counters; also of all the miracles of chemistry which they performed, giving to any sort of meat, fresh or salted, whole or chopped, any color and any flavor and any odor they chose. In the pickling of hams they had an ingenious apparatus, by which they saved time and increased the capacity of the plant—a machine consisting of a hollow needle attached to a pump; by plunging this needle into the meat and working with his foot, a man could fill a ham with pickle in a few seconds. And yet, in spite of this, there would be hams found spoiled, some of them with an odor so bad that a man could hardly bear to be in the room with them. To pump into these the packers had a second and much stronger pickle which destroyed the odor—a process known to the workers as “giving them thirty per cent.” Also, after the hams had been smoked, there would be found some that had gone to the bad. Formerly these had been sold as “Number Three Grade,” but later on some ingenious person had hit upon a new device, and now they would extract the bone, about which the bad part generally lay, and insert in the hole a white-hot iron. After this invention there was no longer Number One, Two, and Three Grade—there was only Number One Grade. The packers were always originating such schemes—they had what they called “boneless hams,” which were all the odds and ends of pork stuffed into casings; and “California hams,” which were the shoulders, with big knuckle joints, and nearly all the meat cut out; and fancy “skinned hams,” which were made of the oldest hogs, whose skins were so heavy and coarse that no one would buy them—that is, until they had been cooked and chopped fine and labeled “head cheese!” It was only when the whole ham was spoiled that it came into the department of Elzbieta. Cut up by the two-thousand-revolutions-a-minute flyers, and mixed with half a ton of other meat, no odor that ever was in a ham could make any difference. There was never the least attention paid to what was cut up for sausage; there would come all the way back from Europe old sausage that had been rejected, and that was moldy and white—it would be dosed with borax and glycerine, and dumped into the hoppers, and made over again for home consumption. There would be meat that had tumbled out on the floor, in the dirt and sawdust, where the workers had tramped and spit uncounted billions of consumption germs. There would be meat stored in great piles in rooms; and the water from leaky roofs would drip over it, and thousands of rats would race about on it. It was too dark in these storage places to see well, but a man could run his hand over these piles of meat and sweep off handfuls of the dried dung of rats. These rats were nuisances, and the packers would put poisoned bread out for them; they would die, and then rats, bread, and meat would go into the hoppers together. This is no fairy story and no joke; the meat would be shoveled into carts, and the man who did the shoveling would not trouble to lift out a rat even when he saw one—there were things that went into the sausage in comparison with which a poisoned rat was a tidbit. There was no place for the men to wash their hands before they ate their dinner, and so they made a practice of washing them in the water that was to be ladled into the sausage. There were the butt-ends of smoked meat, and the scraps of corned beef, and all the odds and ends of the waste of the plants, that would be dumped into old barrels in the cellar and left there. Under the system of rigid economy which the packers enforced, there were some jobs that it only paid to do once in a long time, and among these was the cleaning out of the waste barrels. Every spring they did it; and in the barrels would be dirt and rust and old nails and stale water—and cartload after cartload of it would be taken up and dumped into the hoppers with fresh meat, and sent out to the public’s breakfast. Some of it they would make into “smoked” sausage—but as the smoking took time, and was therefore expensive, they would call upon their chemistry department, and preserve it with borax and color it with gelatine to make it brown. All of their sausage came out of the same bowl, but when they came to wrap it they would stamp some of it “special,” and for this they would charge two cents more a pound. Such were the new surroundings in which Elzbieta was placed, and such was the work she was compelled to do. It was stupefying, brutalizing work; it left her no time to think, no strength for anything. She was part of the machine she tended, and every faculty that was not needed for the machine was doomed to be crushed out of existence. There was only one mercy about the cruel grind—that it gave her the gift of insensibility. Little by little she sank into a torpor—she fell silent. She would meet Jurgis and Ona in the evening, and the three would walk home together, often without saying a word. Ona, too, was falling into a habit of silence—Ona, who had once gone about singing like a bird. She was sick and miserable, and often she would barely have strength enough to drag herself home. And there they would eat what they had to eat, and afterward, because there was only their misery to talk of, they would crawl into bed and fall into a stupor and never stir until it was time to get up again, and dress by candlelight, and go back to the machines. They were so numbed that they did not even suffer much from hunger, now; only the children continued to fret when the food ran short. Yet the soul of Ona was not dead—the souls of none of them were dead, but only sleeping; and now and then they would waken, and these were cruel times. The gates of memory would roll open—old joys would stretch out their arms to them, old hopes and dreams would call to them, and they would stir beneath the burden that lay upon them, and feel its forever immeasurable weight. They could not even cry out beneath it; but anguish would seize them, more dreadful than the agony of death. It was a thing scarcely to be spoken—a thing never spoken by all the world, that will not know its own defeat. They were beaten; they had lost the game, they were swept aside. It was not less tragic because it was so sordid, because it had to do with wages and grocery bills and rents. They had dreamed of freedom; of a chance to look about them and learn something; to be decent and clean, to see their child grow up to be strong. And now it was all gone—it would never be! They had played the game and they had lost. Six years more of toil they had to face before they could expect the least respite, the cessation of the payments upon the house; and how cruelly certain it was that they could never stand six years of such a life as they were living! They were lost, they were going down—and there was no deliverance for them, no hope; for all the help it gave them the vast city in which they lived might have been an ocean waste, a wilderness, a desert, a tomb. So often this mood would come to Ona, in the nighttime, when something wakened her; she would lie, afraid of the beating of her own heart, fronting the blood-red eyes of the old primeval terror of life. Once she cried aloud, and woke Jurgis, who was tired and cross. After that she learned to weep silently—their moods so seldom came together now! It was as if their hopes were buried in separate graves. Jurgis, being a man, had troubles of his own. There was another specter following him. He had never spoken of it, nor would he allow any one else to speak of it—he had never acknowledged its existence to himself. Yet the battle with it took all the manhood that he had—and once or twice, alas, a little more. Jurgis had discovered drink. He was working in the steaming pit of hell; day after day, week after week—until now, there was not an organ of his body that did its work without pain, until the sound of ocean breakers echoed in his head day and night, and the buildings swayed and danced before him as he went down the street. And from all the unending horror of this there was a respite, a deliverance—he could drink! He could forget the pain, he could slip off the burden; he would see clearly again, he would be master of his brain, of his thoughts, of his will. His dead self would stir in him, and he would find himself laughing and cracking jokes with his companions—he would be a man again, and master of his life. It was not an easy thing for Jurgis to take more than two or three drinks. With the first drink he could eat a meal, and he could persuade himself that that was economy; with the second he could eat another meal—but there would come a time when he could eat no more, and then to pay for a drink was an unthinkable extravagance, a defiance of the age-long instincts of his hunger-haunted class. One day, however, he took the plunge, and drank up all that he had in his pockets, and went home half “piped,” as the men phrase it. He was happier than he had been in a year; and yet, because he knew that the happiness would not last, he was savage, too with those who would wreck it, and with the world, and with his life; and then again, beneath this, he was sick with the shame of himself. Afterward, when he saw the despair of his family, and reckoned up the money he had spent, the tears came into his eyes, and he began the long battle with the specter. It was a battle that had no end, that never could have one. But Jurgis did not realize that very clearly; he was not given much time for reflection. He simply knew that he was always fighting. Steeped in misery and despair as he was, merely to walk down the street was to be put upon the rack. There was surely a saloon on the corner—perhaps on all four corners, and some in the middle of the block as well; and each one stretched out a hand to him each one had a personality of its own, allurements unlike any other. Going and coming—before sunrise and after dark—there was warmth and a glow of light, and the steam of hot food, and perhaps music, or a friendly face, and a word of good cheer. Jurgis developed a fondness for having Ona on his arm whenever he went out on the street, and he would hold her tightly, and walk fast. It was pitiful to have Ona know of this—it drove him wild to think of it; the thing was not fair, for Ona had never tasted drink, and so could not understand. Sometimes, in desperate hours, he would find himself wishing that she might learn what it was, so that he need not be ashamed in her presence. They might drink together, and escape from the horror—escape for a while, come what would. So there came a time when nearly all the conscious life of Jurgis consisted of a struggle with the craving for liquor. He would have ugly moods, when he hated Ona and the whole family, because they stood in his way. He was a fool to have married; he had tied himself down, had made himself a slave. It was all because he was a married man that he was compelled to stay in the yards; if it had not been for that he might have gone off like Jonas, and to hell with the packers. There were few single men in the fertilizer mill—and those few were working only for a chance to escape. Meantime, too, they had something to think about while they worked,—they had the memory of the last time they had been drunk, and the hope of the time when they would be drunk again. As for Jurgis, he was expected to bring home every penny; he could not even go with the men at noontime—he was supposed to sit down and eat his dinner on a pile of fertilizer dust. This was not always his mood, of course; he still loved his family. But just now was a time of trial. Poor little Antanas, for instance—who had never failed to win him with a smile—little Antanas was not smiling just now, being a mass of fiery red pimples. He had had all the diseases that babies are heir to, in quick succession, scarlet fever, mumps, and whooping cough in the first year, and now he was down with the measles. There was no one to attend him but Kotrina; there was no doctor to help him, because they were too poor, and children did not die of the measles—at least not often. Now and then Kotrina would find time to sob over his woes, but for the greater part of the time he had to be left alone, barricaded upon the bed. The floor was full of drafts, and if he caught cold he would die. At night he was tied down, lest he should kick the covers off him, while the family lay in their stupor of exhaustion. He would lie and scream for hours, almost in convulsions; and then, when he was worn out, he would lie whimpering and wailing in his torment. He was burning up with fever, and his eyes were running sores; in the daytime he was a thing uncanny and impish to behold, a plaster of pimples and sweat, a great purple lump of misery. Yet all this was not really as cruel as it sounds, for, sick as he was, little Antanas was the least unfortunate member of that family. He was quite able to bear his sufferings—it was as if he had all these complaints to show what a prodigy of health he was. He was the child of his parents’ youth and joy; he grew up like the conjurer’s rosebush, and all the world was his oyster. In general, he toddled around the kitchen all day with a lean and hungry look—the portion of the family’s allowance that fell to him was not enough, and he was unrestrainable in his demand for more. Antanas was but little over a year old, and already no one but his father could manage him. It seemed as if he had taken all of his mother’s strength—had left nothing for those that might come after him. Ona was with child again now, and it was a dreadful thing to contemplate; even Jurgis, dumb and despairing as he was, could not but understand that yet other agonies were on the way, and shudder at the thought of them. For Ona was visibly going to pieces. In the first place she was developing a cough, like the one that had killed old Dede Antanas. She had had a trace of it ever since that fatal morning when the greedy streetcar corporation had turned her out into the rain; but now it was beginning to grow serious, and to wake her up at night. Even worse than that was the fearful nervousness from which she suffered; she would have frightful headaches and fits of aimless weeping; and sometimes she would come home at night shuddering and moaning, and would fling herself down upon the bed and burst into tears. Several times she was quite beside herself and hysterical; and then Jurgis would go half-mad with fright. Elzbieta would explain to him that it could not be helped, that a woman was subject to such things when she was pregnant; but he was hardly to be persuaded, and would beg and plead to know what had happened. She had never been like this before, he would argue—it was monstrous and unthinkable. It was the life she had to live, the accursed work she had to do, that was killing her by inches. She was not fitted for it—no woman was fitted for it, no woman ought to be allowed to do such work; if the world could not keep them alive any other way it ought to kill them at once and be done with it. They ought not to marry, to have children; no workingman ought to marry—if he, Jurgis, had known what a woman was like, he would have had his eyes torn out first. So he would carry on, becoming half hysterical himself, which was an unbearable thing to see in a big man; Ona would pull herself together and fling herself into his arms, begging him to stop, to be still, that she would be better, it would be all right. So she would lie and sob out her grief upon his shoulder, while he gazed at her, as helpless as a wounded animal, the target of unseen enemies. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Sinclair, Upton. 1994. The Jungle. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved April 2022 from https://www.gutenberg.org/files/140/140-h/140-h.htm#chap14 This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org , located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html .

The Jungle: Chapter XIV

The Jungle, by Upton Sinclair is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. You can jump to any chapter in this book here . Chapter XIII CHAPTER XIII During this time that Jurgis was looking for work occurred the death of little Kristoforas, one of the children of Teta Elzbieta. Both Kristoforas and his brother, Juozapas, were cripples, the latter having lost one leg by having it run over, and Kristoforas having congenital dislocation of the hip, which made it impossible for him ever to walk. He was the last of Teta Elzbieta’s children, and perhaps he had been intended by nature to let her know that she had had enough. At any rate he was wretchedly sick and undersized; he had the rickets, and though he was over three years old, he was no bigger than an ordinary child of one. All day long he would crawl around the floor in a filthy little dress, whining and fretting; because the floor was full of drafts he was always catching cold, and snuffling because his nose ran. This made him a nuisance, and a source of endless trouble in the family. For his mother, with unnatural perversity, loved him best of all her children, and made a perpetual fuss over him—would let him do anything undisturbed, and would burst into tears when his fretting drove Jurgis wild. And now he died. Perhaps it was the smoked sausage he had eaten that morning—which may have been made out of some of the tubercular pork that was condemned as unfit for export. At any rate, an hour after eating it, the child had begun to cry with pain, and in another hour he was rolling about on the floor in convulsions. Little Kotrina, who was all alone with him, ran out screaming for help, and after a while a doctor came, but not until Kristoforas had howled his last howl. No one was really sorry about this except poor Elzbieta, who was inconsolable. Jurgis announced that so far as he was concerned the child would have to be buried by the city, since they had no money for a funeral; and at this the poor woman almost went out of her senses, wringing her hands and screaming with grief and despair. Her child to be buried in a pauper’s grave! And her stepdaughter to stand by and hear it said without protesting! It was enough to make Ona’s father rise up out of his grave to rebuke her! If it had come to this, they might as well give up at once, and be buried all of them together! . . . In the end Marija said that she would help with ten dollars; and Jurgis being still obdurate, Elzbieta went in tears and begged the money from the neighbors, and so little Kristoforas had a mass and a hearse with white plumes on it, and a tiny plot in a graveyard with a wooden cross to mark the place. The poor mother was not the same for months after that; the mere sight of the floor where little Kristoforas had crawled about would make her weep. He had never had a fair chance, poor little fellow, she would say. He had been handicapped from his birth. If only she had heard about it in time, so that she might have had that great doctor to cure him of his lameness! . . . Some time ago, Elzbieta was told, a Chicago billionaire had paid a fortune to bring a great European surgeon over to cure his little daughter of the same disease from which Kristoforas had suffered. And because this surgeon had to have bodies to demonstrate upon, he announced that he would treat the children of the poor, a piece of magnanimity over which the papers became quite eloquent. Elzbieta, alas, did not read the papers, and no one had told her; but perhaps it was as well, for just then they would not have had the carfare to spare to go every day to wait upon the surgeon, nor for that matter anybody with the time to take the child. All this while that he was seeking for work, there was a dark shadow hanging over Jurgis; as if a savage beast were lurking somewhere in the pathway of his life, and he knew it, and yet could not help approaching the place. There are all stages of being out of work in Packingtown, and he faced in dread the prospect of reaching the lowest. There is a place that waits for the lowest man—the fertilizer plant! The men would talk about it in awe-stricken whispers. Not more than one in ten had ever really tried it; the other nine had contented themselves with hearsay evidence and a peep through the door. There were some things worse than even starving to death. They would ask Jurgis if he had worked there yet, and if he meant to; and Jurgis would debate the matter with himself. As poor as they were, and making all the sacrifices that they were, would he dare to refuse any sort of work that was offered to him, be it as horrible as ever it could? Would he dare to go home and eat bread that had been earned by Ona, weak and complaining as she was, knowing that he had been given a chance, and had not had the nerve to take it?—And yet he might argue that way with himself all day, and one glimpse into the fertilizer works would send him away again shuddering. He was a man, and he would do his duty; he went and made application—but surely he was not also required to hope for success! The fertilizer works of Durham’s lay away from the rest of the plant. Few visitors ever saw them, and the few who did would come out looking like Dante, of whom the peasants declared that he had been into hell. To this part of the yards came all the “tankage” and the waste products of all sorts; here they dried out the bones,—and in suffocating cellars where the daylight never came you might see men and women and children bending over whirling machines and sawing bits of bone into all sorts of shapes, breathing their lungs full of the fine dust, and doomed to die, every one of them, within a certain definite time. Here they made the blood into albumen, and made other foul-smelling things into things still more foul-smelling. In the corridors and caverns where it was done you might lose yourself as in the great caves of Kentucky. In the dust and the steam the electric lights would shine like far-off twinkling stars—red and blue-green and purple stars, according to the color of the mist and the brew from which it came. For the odors of these ghastly charnel houses there may be words in Lithuanian, but there are none in English. The person entering would have to summon his courage as for a cold-water plunge. He would go in like a man swimming under water; he would put his handkerchief over his face, and begin to cough and choke; and then, if he were still obstinate, he would find his head beginning to ring, and the veins in his forehead to throb, until finally he would be assailed by an overpowering blast of ammonia fumes, and would turn and run for his life, and come out half-dazed. On top of this were the rooms where they dried the “tankage,” the mass of brown stringy stuff that was left after the waste portions of the carcasses had had the lard and tallow dried out of them. This dried material they would then grind to a fine powder, and after they had mixed it up well with a mysterious but inoffensive brown rock which they brought in and ground up by the hundreds of carloads for that purpose, the substance was ready to be put into bags and sent out to the world as any one of a hundred different brands of standard bone phosphate. And then the farmer in Maine or California or Texas would buy this, at say twenty-five dollars a ton, and plant it with his corn; and for several days after the operation the fields would have a strong odor, and the farmer and his wagon and the very horses that had hauled it would all have it too. In Packingtown the fertilizer is pure, instead of being a flavoring, and instead of a ton or so spread out on several acres under the open sky, there are hundreds and thousands of tons of it in one building, heaped here and there in haystack piles, covering the floor several inches deep, and filling the air with a choking dust that becomes a blinding sandstorm when the wind stirs. It was to this building that Jurgis came daily, as if dragged by an unseen hand. The month of May was an exceptionally cool one, and his secret prayers were granted; but early in June there came a record-breaking hot spell, and after that there were men wanted in the fertilizer mill. The boss of the grinding room had come to know Jurgis by this time, and had marked him for a likely man; and so when he came to the door about two o’clock this breathless hot day, he felt a sudden spasm of pain shoot through him—the boss beckoned to him! In ten minutes more Jurgis had pulled off his coat and overshirt, and set his teeth together and gone to work. Here was one more difficulty for him to meet and conquer! His labor took him about one minute to learn. Before him was one of the vents of the mill in which the fertilizer was being ground—rushing forth in a great brown river, with a spray of the finest dust flung forth in clouds. Jurgis was given a shovel, and along with half a dozen others it was his task to shovel this fertilizer into carts. That others were at work he knew by the sound, and by the fact that he sometimes collided with them; otherwise they might as well not have been there, for in the blinding dust storm a man could not see six feet in front of his face. When he had filled one cart he had to grope around him until another came, and if there was none on hand he continued to grope till one arrived. In five minutes he was, of course, a mass of fertilizer from head to feet; they gave him a sponge to tie over his mouth, so that he could breathe, but the sponge did not prevent his lips and eyelids from caking up with it and his ears from filling solid. He looked like a brown ghost at twilight—from hair to shoes he became the color of the building and of everything in it, and for that matter a hundred yards outside it. The building had to be left open, and when the wind blew Durham and Company lost a great deal of fertilizer. Working in his shirt sleeves, and with the thermometer at over a hundred, the phosphates soaked in through every pore of Jurgis’ skin, and in five minutes he had a headache, and in fifteen was almost dazed. The blood was pounding in his brain like an engine’s throbbing; there was a frightful pain in the top of his skull, and he could hardly control his hands. Still, with the memory of his four months’ siege behind him, he fought on, in a frenzy of determination; and half an hour later he began to vomit—he vomited until it seemed as if his inwards must be torn into shreds. A man could get used to the fertilizer mill, the boss had said, if he would make up his mind to it; but Jurgis now began to see that it was a question of making up his stomach. At the end of that day of horror, he could scarcely stand. He had to catch himself now and then, and lean against a building and get his bearings. Most of the men, when they came out, made straight for a saloon—they seemed to place fertilizer and rattlesnake poison in one class. But Jurgis was too ill to think of drinking—he could only make his way to the street and stagger on to a car. He had a sense of humor, and later on, when he became an old hand, he used to think it fun to board a streetcar and see what happened. Now, however, he was too ill to notice it—how the people in the car began to gasp and sputter, to put their handkerchiefs to their noses, and transfix him with furious glances. Jurgis only knew that a man in front of him immediately got up and gave him a seat; and that half a minute later the two people on each side of him got up; and that in a full minute the crowded car was nearly empty—those passengers who could not get room on the platform having gotten out to walk. Of course Jurgis had made his home a miniature fertilizer mill a minute after entering. The stuff was half an inch deep in his skin—his whole system was full of it, and it would have taken a week not merely of scrubbing, but of vigorous exercise, to get it out of him. As it was, he could be compared with nothing known to men, save that newest discovery of the savants, a substance which emits energy for an unlimited time, without being itself in the least diminished in power. He smelled so that he made all the food at the table taste, and set the whole family to vomiting; for himself it was three days before he could keep anything upon his stomach—he might wash his hands, and use a knife and fork, but were not his mouth and throat filled with the poison? And still Jurgis stuck it out! In spite of splitting headaches he would stagger down to the plant and take up his stand once more, and begin to shovel in the blinding clouds of dust. And so at the end of the week he was a fertilizer man for life—he was able to eat again, and though his head never stopped aching, it ceased to be so bad that he could not work. So there passed another summer. It was a summer of prosperity, all over the country, and the country ate generously of packing house products, and there was plenty of work for all the family, in spite of the packers’ efforts to keep a superfluity of labor. They were again able to pay their debts and to begin to save a little sum; but there were one or two sacrifices they considered too heavy to be made for long—it was too bad that the boys should have to sell papers at their age. It was utterly useless to caution them and plead with them; quite without knowing it, they were taking on the tone of their new environment. They were learning to swear in voluble English; they were learning to pick up cigar stumps and smoke them, to pass hours of their time gambling with pennies and dice and cigarette cards; they were learning the location of all the houses of prostitution on the “Lêvée,” and the names of the “madames” who kept them, and the days when they gave their state banquets, which the police captains and the big politicians all attended. If a visiting “country customer” were to ask them, they could show him which was “Hinkydink’s” famous saloon, and could even point out to him by name the different gamblers and thugs and “hold-up men” who made the place their headquarters. And worse yet, the boys were getting out of the habit of coming home at night. What was the use, they would ask, of wasting time and energy and a possible carfare riding out to the stockyards every night when the weather was pleasant and they could crawl under a truck or into an empty doorway and sleep exactly as well? So long as they brought home a half dollar for each day, what mattered it when they brought it? But Jurgis declared that from this to ceasing to come at all would not be a very long step, and so it was decided that Vilimas and Nikalojus should return to school in the fall, and that instead Elzbieta should go out and get some work, her place at home being taken by her younger daughter. Little Kotrina was like most children of the poor, prematurely made old; she had to take care of her little brother, who was a cripple, and also of the baby; she had to cook the meals and wash the dishes and clean house, and have supper ready when the workers came home in the evening. She was only thirteen, and small for her age, but she did all this without a murmur; and her mother went out, and after trudging a couple of days about the yards, settled down as a servant of a “sausage machine.” Elzbieta was used to working, but she found this change a hard one, for the reason that she had to stand motionless upon her feet from seven o’clock in the morning till half-past twelve, and again from one till half-past five. For the first few days it seemed to her that she could not stand it—she suffered almost as much as Jurgis had from the fertilizer, and would come out at sundown with her head fairly reeling. Besides this, she was working in one of the dark holes, by electric light, and the dampness, too, was deadly—there were always puddles of water on the floor, and a sickening odor of moist flesh in the room. The people who worked here followed the ancient custom of nature, whereby the ptarmigan is the color of dead leaves in the fall and of snow in the winter, and the chameleon, who is black when he lies upon a stump and turns green when he moves to a leaf. The men and women who worked in this department were precisely the color of the “fresh country sausage” they made. The sausage-room was an interesting place to visit, for two or three minutes, and provided that you did not look at the people; the machines were perhaps the most wonderful things in the entire plant. Presumably sausages were once chopped and stuffed by hand, and if so it would be interesting to know how many workers had been displaced by these inventions. On one side of the room were the hoppers, into which men shoveled loads of meat and wheelbarrows full of spices; in these great bowls were whirling knives that made two thousand revolutions a minute, and when the meat was ground fine and adulterated with potato flour, and well mixed with water, it was forced to the stuffing machines on the other side of the room. The latter were tended by women; there was a sort of spout, like the nozzle of a hose, and one of the women would take a long string of “casing” and put the end over the nozzle and then work the whole thing on, as one works on the finger of a tight glove. This string would be twenty or thirty feet long, but the woman would have it all on in a jiffy; and when she had several on, she would press a lever, and a stream of sausage meat would be shot out, taking the casing with it as it came. Thus one might stand and see appear, miraculously born from the machine, a wriggling snake of sausage of incredible length. In front was a big pan which caught these creatures, and two more women who seized them as fast as they appeared and twisted them into links. This was for the uninitiated the most perplexing work of all; for all that the woman had to give was a single turn of the wrist; and in some way she contrived to give it so that instead of an endless chain of sausages, one after another, there grew under her hands a bunch of strings, all dangling from a single center. It was quite like the feat of a prestidigitator—for the woman worked so fast that the eye could literally not follow her, and there was only a mist of motion, and tangle after tangle of sausages appearing. In the midst of the mist, however, the visitor would suddenly notice the tense set face, with the two wrinkles graven in the forehead, and the ghastly pallor of the cheeks; and then he would suddenly recollect that it was time he was going on. The woman did not go on; she stayed right there—hour after hour, day after day, year after year, twisting sausage links and racing with death. It was piecework, and she was apt to have a family to keep alive; and stern and ruthless economic laws had arranged it that she could only do this by working just as she did, with all her soul upon her work, and with never an instant for a glance at the well-dressed ladies and gentlemen who came to stare at her, as at some wild beast in a menagerie. About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Sinclair, Upton. 1994. The Jungle. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved April 2022 from https://www.gutenberg.org/files/140/140-h/140-h.htm#chap13 This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org , located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html .

The Jungle: Chapter XIII

The Jungle: Chapter VII

The Jungle: Chapter V

(non-fiction) An interview with The Venezuelan Prince Mind the gap: This piece may contain offensive language. A dial tone pings as we set up an encrypted VoIP. My contact is very serious about security, and respectably so, as he describes his home country of Venezuela. He paints a picture of a country in the grips of an oppressive regime, a sci-fi dystopia which he sees being challenged by decentralized systems and cryptocurrencies. What he describes applies not only to Venezuela , but could help us define the next century of global civilization. We’ll call our friend “The Crypto Prince”, a reference to the comparatively lavish lifestyle he lives as a student outside of Venezuela. In reality, The Prince, a Caracas native tells us that his family was middle class before the revolution. He witnessed first-hand as the quality of life rapidly deteriorated. “My family had just enough money to pay for my schooling abroad, now I pay for their basic living,” he tells us. My call connects and he answers the VoIP. I hear the sound of streetcars and a cafe. He is a student, a techie, and has seen first hand how cryptocurrencies are transforming his home country — A glimpse into the future how decentralized technologies will define the future of humanity. Names and phrasing have been edited for brevity and to inhibit stylometric attack. The Venezuelan Prince Garrett Kinsman: What’s happening in Venezuela and how is crypto part of it? Let’s take it a back a bit. On March 7th, 2007 eliminated 3 zeroes from the national currency and renamed it the Bolivar Strong [Bolivar Fuerte]. On March 22nd this year, the government announced another conversion to the Sovereign Bolivar, taking another 3 zeroes off. So many new notes are being printed that it’s reached the point where they cannot print enough — the cost of printing alone is higher than the nominal value of the note. The Prince: they There is a black market for cash- a 20–30% margin in January, now up to 100% margin for cash. We don’t really know what it is, but cash has disappeared. People will take a strong discount for things if you pay with cash. Organized crime syndicates may be involved taking the cash overseas, there’s so many conspiracies. There’s also no unified exchange rate. The government has several official rates which are significantly lower than the black market rate. Because people aren’t really allowed to buy foreign currencies through the official rate, the black market has become the real rate. Millions of dollars are flowing through the black market, with no indicators, no controls… its pretty fucked! We just don’t have information on what is happening. This is where crypto comes in, a way to create marketplaces that are accountable, transparent, and that can enable international tractions. The interesting thing is that crypto has became very subversive to the government. It makes it easy to bypass currency controls. When the government announces that they love blockchain we have this weird duality. The Venezuelan government wants to control currency and create an official market where people can buy and sell foreign currency. The problem is people are using crypto to bypass the Venezuelan government, and Venezuela is using crypto to try to bypass sanctions set by the American government! The Petro coin [president Moduro’s attempt to create a national cryptocurrency] has no tech stack, no people, no volume. The Petro was all OTC [over the counter]. It should be made into a movie, a tragic comedy. To even sign up you had to download a paper form, sign it, mail it to some address. There was zero tech. For an ICO that should be the first red flag. GK: So the Petro is a shitcoin? 100%. Most shitcoins have more merit! At least they exist, you can buy and sell things with them. The Petro went from ETH first, then to NEM, now who knows what! It’s a sad show. The Petro is Propaganda. Prince: Government should be the basic enabling platform for innovation, not try to innovate themselves. This is where the Venezuelan government went wrong. Now everyone engaging in crypto without a license is shit scared they’re going to jail. GK: Bloomberg reported there are “ There’s a Crypto-Mining Machine in Every Home in Caracas ” Is this true? I wouldn’t say every house, but there’s one in mine! I’ve got two rigs mining ETH. A rig with six to eight GPUs can make you two to three hundred USD per month mining ETH. You can live pretty comfortably in Venezuela for that, by far the best income you’ll get into the country. A rig will cost you about $2,000- $3,500 USD. Interestingly enough even old rigs are still running. Because electricity is subsidized, miners making even $30 USD per month are still happy as that’s 10x minimum wage! If the government fucked up every other way of making a living, at least we can plug in a machine and make money. This is where you realize everything is cyclical, we plug in mining rigs because the government has fucked up every industry. But by plugging in these machines we are fueling the network that will enable decentralization, and might one day save us. We see mining as a form of rebellion. GK: Incredible. Can you use crypto day to day to buy thing like bread and vegetables? At the moment no. The main issues are basic regulation. If you sell in crypto, there’s no way to register that as a transaction in traditional business accounting. Peer-to-peer is so far limited among the “believers”. Prince: Some old silver coins GK: I tried to buy vegetables in India after demonetization (The government made over 80% of cash illegal tender), with 2,000 year old silver coins and they did not accept it either. What happened was the whole country had switched to the app Paytm. [Laughing], I actually bought flights a while ago using Bitcoin and it was super simple. The only issue was they lost my bags! Prince: GK: Is the government using V Bolivar and food supplies to control the population? Oh yeah, the longer you spend outside the country the more you realize how fucked up it is. The more you spend in the country, the more you realize how normal it is. Prince: Let’s define sci-fi dystopia: something that’s pretty fucking weird for us on the outside but it exists. There’s all these weird and fake parameters inside the country that define life. In that context reason and logic don’t matter. GK: During a talk I attended with Nick Yang (A startup founder from China), he claimed that democratic capitalism cannot survive the blockchain revolution, as decentralized systems are inherently socialist and communist. Witnessing socialism first hand, what are your thoughts on this? These differences in eastern and western thought around blockchain’s impact on civilization is fascinating. I think that’s not true- I’m going to give you a brutal example. I was in SF at some design thinking event that was trying to apply to how you create a token. We were challenged to tokenize something that’s not tangible. I said kindof as a joke, but kindof not really, Everyone concluded in the next few seconds that it’s fucked. Because it wouldn’t take long for people to sell their human rights for almost nothing. Prince: design thinking “lets tokenize human rights.” GK: There was a paper about this called The Digital Privacy Paradox . Who needs privacy when you can have Snapchat dog filters!? : This is why I disagree with your Chinese friend, because people that have no knowledge or no money will take whatever they can. If we assume you can register a business in a decentralized way then maybe that is communist. But I don’t think blockchain will replace human greed; It will make transactions more efficient, which is great, and more transparent, which is great. But someone will still own a majority of the tokens. That’s really a question of one communist to another, maybe a good debate to have over wine. Prince I was in china last year with friends, and we agreed: There is nothing more scary than an efficient government. GK: China is a fascinating experiment in civilization. Many socialist and communist countries have “information barriers”, for example the Great Firewall of China. I had a fascinating debate with Chinese students a few days ago about the antifragility of society (based on the book by Nassim Taleb). The theory is that society benefits from as much information and variation in thought as possible, and that information barriers can hinder this. What are your thoughts? Antifragile I first thought about this in depth after reading a book called by Timur Vermes_,_ about Hitler coming back in 2012. The book doesn’t really give you much context, Hitler just appears in middle of modern Germany. People think he’s an imposter and give him a YouTube channel. One of the things he said in the story was how blown away he was by social media— ‘The things my propaganda machine would’ve done with it!’. What Hitler didn’t realize is that now everyone can broadcasts themselves. Anyone can become part of a propaganda machine. Prince: Look Who’s Back, GK: Willingly or unwillingly, as the Mueller Council is investigating… Once we realize that we have the power to broadcast anything to the word for free, its very powerful. However, the fact that anyone can say whatever they want waters down the value of information. We live in an era where facts really don’t matter, because you can always find someone that agrees with you. If you believe the Earth is flat you will find a support group online. We may be in the beginning of a massive information era that I hope will eventually consolidate. You can’t control this with a barrier. Maybe blockchain will have a play in that. Prince: GK: Most young people I meet in China grew up in the age of the VPN. I’m amazed how we are all the same, connecting over Tinder, Snapchat, and Instagram. We even have some of the same memes. Go Tinder! Prince: GK: This information era is leading to what I call , systems designed to engineer thought at a societal scale. information engines Bridgewater Capital published a report in March that populism has not been this prevalent since WWII. What can the we learn from Venezuelan populism? Bridgewater Capital, used without permission (Sorry Ray) I think what we can learn is that democracy today is too complex. Trump won because he was arguing a single issue. GK: Today we are seeing stressors applied to democratic systems that we have not seen since WWII. Another question, Mobile wallets like PayTM and AliPay have transformed countries, can crypto do this to Venezuela? Will anonymity be important? Yes. Anonymity is really interesting in Venezuela — it is both very important but seemingly not a pressing issue today. The economy runs in the black market and obviously everyone is exposed. Because it’s so widespread, everyone ignores it. Prince: For the government to halt the black market would halt the economy. However, as the government is after people’s private property, anyone that has any real money has moved it overseas — where the privacy enabled by foreign jurisdictions keep their wealth safe. The second or third in charge of the country, Diosdado Cabello, his daughter was trying to get into the US. Her American visa was cancelled, and $800M in assets seized by the US! [laughing into the phone] Socialism… it works every time! If Cabello were a coin that would be the top 25! There has to be a way to curb such illegal activity. I believe crypto will play an important role in this. GK: Now this poses an interesting problem if everyone is using crypto. The International Monetary fund has said that “Crypto Does Not ‘Pose Risks To Global Finance… but they could pose risks if used with leverage or without appropriate safeguards.” [As a side note: Nomi Prins argues in her book, that cryptocurrencies offer a stabilizing alternative in gaining autonomy from central banks. Via Collusion: How Central Bankers Rigged the World, Talks at Google ] Can you see that without centralized issuance and monetary policy, market saturation of cryptocurrencies may destabilize governments? We are entering a new era of global economic theory that has not yet been tested. Yes. But I don’t think that’s a bad thing. The way I see it, everything is cyclical. If there is something that doesn’t work, I am 100% in favour of breaking it so we fix it. It’s all about leveraging a window of opportunity. Look at Elon musk, some city was having power shortages, and he saw a window of opportunity. The infrastructure was clearly not working, and a completely new technology emerged: Prince: The same thing goes for currency. If you have a monopoly on a currency, and your currency is shit. I see disruption as indirect feedback. Kaua’I Island Utility Cooperative, Tesla Energy GK: Let’s dive deeper into the realms of international politics. Looking at how the CIA has been overthrowing regimes over the past 50 years , finance has always played an important role. Do you see cryptocurrencies as posing a major threat to oppressive regimes, or providing a way for these regimes to discreetly finance themselves? I feel that crypto evens the playing field. Yes you can fund anything, but do you have the money to back it? It comes down to financing. The advantage of the CIA is that the USD is a strong currency, they can do whatever the fuck they want. They can print $20 million and it won’t make an impact on the economy. You can’t do that with other currencies. If unstable governments or terrorists have cash they’ll find a way to move it. Does crypto improve this? I’m not so not sure, especially when even a few $100k can swing the market. Prince: GK: Clearly these underground groups are going OTC. You’re looking at HUGE OTC trades. This is why I tell my friends not to worry about the Bitcoin price. What I think is happening now is that _deep pocket_s (not necessarily criminals) are buying OTC because they will definitely move the market. Billions of dollars are moving into crypto, and no one is seeing it. It will be interesting to see what happens after. These are the things I think about when I sleep. Prince: GK: So this isn’t something that’s only going on throughout the “rougher” parts of our spaceship Earth? Look if you ask me, San Francisco is also a highly dystopian reality. The way my friend described it is that SF is an unlimited problem solving machine, with unlimited talent and capital. Yet it is the choice of the problem that is the source of the problem. I use home automation and it’s okay- but who needs the lights to dim just before going to sleep. We could use a fraction of those resources to create groundbreaking tech to solve real problems elsewhere. Prince: really GK: I agree that we should be focusing our attention towards moonshots, like Martian settlements and fusion — something that resonates with the younger generation. Exactly, I mean it’s interesting once you identify the problem is the choice of focus, but who’s fault is it? Prince: GK: The market decides what Google works on, the youth of today don’t yet have the spending power. I’d love to get some private security contractors and fly people from SF to Venezuela. I mean the country is going back in time! We’re regressing to using humans instead of traffic lights. How can human time become worth less than a machine? That’s where blockchain comes in, these new systems have to be decentralized. The people at Google and Amazon need to see it for themselves, and this perspective would help San Francisco. Prince: One of my favorite quotes is from . The American environmentalist tells the Chinese scientist, as they stand amongst a burned down a forest, something like, ‘everything you see around you is a product of poverty, but really how much different are we in the developed world?’. The Three Body Problem GK: Ok so how will quantum computing impact all of this? I mean, Richard Feynman once said that, “If you think you understand quantum mechanics, you don’t understand quantum mechanics.” I obviously don’t get it. It’s really fucking powerful computers. The real gap between the developing world and developed world is technology. The internet speeds in Venezuela make you cry, smartphone ownership is going down. Computers at home are increasingly rare as well. People don’t have the tools. Quantum computers will no doubt have a massive impact on everything tech, the question is who has access to it? Prince: I posed a question to a panel once, “Machine learning is not new, and the data sets are larger than ever, but there is a big issue with who is collecting this data. A couple of American giants are collecting everything. We’ll see massive advancements in English, but other languages may not be as developed.” I don’t think quantum computing is making it to Venezuela anytime soon. An Indian gold coin, (May be fake) GK: Let’s look back to ancient technologies, what about gold? In India, gold is used by families as a store of value. In fact- India does not allow import of gold without tax to protect these assets. Poor people won’t hold cash, they hold gold, It is part of desi culture. Wow! I’ve heard some good stories about gold. There’s illegal gold mining going on in the south of the country near the Amazon, and some “very well connected people” are buying this with cash and selling overseas. It is so fucked, they are absolutely destroying the landscape, and it’s fucked. The country is too poor for people to buy gold, it’s there, but gold is controlled by a terribly corrupt elite. Prince: It is interesting that the lower classes in many countries have a working economy, even a growing economy. In India they have an economy and can aspire to buy gold. In Venezuela, my mom has been selling off her gold, saying, I’m going to get killed if I keep this around! fuck The crisis is leading people to liquidate assets to stay afloat. I can’t imagine anyone poor will have any disposable income to save in gold. GK: Seeing that BTC is replacing Gold in many situations, of all the cryptos you see being traded within Venezuela, which one is still king? I think it’s fascinating that how even a year ago, maybe a bit more, Bitcoin was a bit underground. My experience was that the knowledge of BTC was so basic and limited, that the only reference was buying drugs online. Mainstream media did a great job, the more they talked about it the more it grew exponentially. . When you put money into crypto, people seem to go for the largest ones. Prince: We are seeing a grassroots movement The single biggest problem with Bitcoin in Venezuela is the cost of transactions. ETH has been gaining a lot of traction because people have been mining, ETH is cheaper to transact and is growing interest in ICOs. Dash has grown a lot, mostly because they could get of Dash from the company treasury. I like other currencies like Stellar, Decred. I think Bitcoin can be toppled, but for now Bitcoin is still king. basically a fuckton X is the co-founder of Nodle.io, making internet available everywhere for IoT devices. He moved to India at age 20 to build Ola Play, and has a deep interest in wireless, decentralized systems, and innovations that emerge from developing countries. Garrett Kinsman

Dystopia Venezuela: Cryptocurrency is Aiding a Society in Collapse

The Ideals of North Korean Workers Party Monument, Pyongyang on the brink of a nuclear war, my brother and I went to North Korea. As so many others, we had been exposed to the country almost daily through the news, or documentaries. The stories about concentration camps, mass surveillance, and a crazy leader known to execute his opponents with heavy military equipment were far from anything we had ever experienced as 90’s kids growing up in Scandinavia. Last year, when the world seemed with more questions than answers, so we decided to go there and see for ourselves. We knew that visiting wouldn’t answer all our questions, but hoped it could provide us with a frame of reference. We repeatedly found ourselves left be quite easy. We decided to travel with , and they took care of everything from visa to train tickets, while promptly answering any questions we might have. From their large catalog of different tours, we decided on , which offer a rare view of the countryside, and what we hoped would be a more nuanced view of the country. Visiting the country proved to Young Pioneer Tours “The Real Deal Tour: DPRK” The Real Deal Tour of North Korea like nothing I’ve experienced before. It was, of course, highly orchestrated. The people we met and the places we saw had quite obviously been carefully selected to tell a story of prosperity and self-sufficiency, which is the bedrock of the political system and the raison d’etre of the Kim dynasty. In spite of this, or perhaps because of this, they failed to hide the extreme poverty of the country. They could not hide the power-outages and the lack of running water, the ox-drawn carriages transporting farmers and withering crops, the old lady in the rice fields gathering grains left from the harvest for her family or the black market. Nor could they hide the rusting trains or streetcars of Chongjin, which once carried workers to the steel-plant. Or the peeled paint on the mascots of the Mount Chilbo national park. The poshest vinylon wasn’t chic enough to hide a forced smile at a post-dinner karaoke. It was a ten day tour the whole trip seemed to be set by clearly defined rules with no room for deviation. Kimchi had to be served at every meal, every bedroom had to be equipped with a fridge, and every stop in our itinerary had to be accompanied by a gift shop, often selling the same stuff as the last one. We were continuously offered to buy everything from celebratory ICBM-launch stamps to large wall-mounted rugs decorated with motifs of lions and other wildlife remarkably atypical for the region. My favourite souvenir however proved to be something that could not be bought in the gift-shops, namely a “locally produced” smartphone. In true planned economy spirit 2016 and looks like a generic android phone. It has a camera, Bluetooth, 3G, 4GB internal storage, a MicroSD card and a micro-SIM card slot. What it does not have is WiFi, which makes sense, as I observed no WiFi hotspots on my own phone throughout my visit. The was released in Arirang 151 The Arirang 151 phone is a heavily modified version of Android 4.4.2. Besides custom loading screen and themes, the phone ships with a (interesting choice given 4GB of storage), and a lot of pre-installed apps, mostly games, including Super Mario, Plants vs. Zombies, five different versions of Angry Birds, Cut the Rope, etc. Since this phone is secondhand, a Huawei fitness tracker app has subsequently been installed. I observed several people using these trackers throughout my visit. Whether they wore them to tell the time, tell their fitness, or display their wealth I do not know, but allowing the wear of Chinese produced consumer electronics seems like an interesting choice for a regime so keen on DIY. The operating system of the 500 MB promo video Apps, encrypted text messages, and system information has a app locker pre-installed, which should facilitate locking apps and “encryption” of text messages and contacts. It is however doubtable that this app-locker provides any more security than a simple screen-lock. The messages are most certainly not end-to-end encrypted and the apps are locked with a four digit access code. It is possible that the purpose of the locker is to give the user some false sense of privacy encouraging more liberated conversations. Besides games, the phone also any standard smartphone wasn’t the custom apps or themes, but something that became apparent once I tried to connect the phone to anything. While I was able to make a connection with a computer via bluetooth, I couldn’t successfully exchange any information, and when I inserted a SIM card, the phone simply shut down. I managed to successfully communicate through USB and could transfer all content off the phone, but when I tried to transfer anything to the phone, the files would simply disappear when opened. However, the biggest difference to how much effort went in to preventing exchange of data with foreign devices. No wonder the phone was released with an already five year old operating system. While I refuse to believe that the hardware is produced in North Korea, these modifications might be locally made by North Korean programmers. North Korea has been known to execute cyberattacks, and when I introduced my profession as a programmer to the locals, they would sometimes mention that someone in their close family were working as a developer abroad. I was quite impressed by been so isolated from the rest of the world since before the internet, was in itself bound to be interesting. To my surprise North Korea wasn’t the technological wasteland I imagined. All over the country we were proudly shown libraries filled with computers, supposedly all connected to the intranet and at free disposal to the citizens. With such an isolated and top-down structured country, it was obviously a prestige project driven by dictation rather than innovation. Making computers available to the population should supposedly have brought North Korea into “the information age” even though it lacked the most defining quality of this, namely the free flow of information. Visiting a country that has Computers at the Sci-Tech Complex, Pyongyang differ from the computers in that they are personal and definitely not available to the general public. They are extremely expensive and only available to citizens with access to foreign currency, e.g. people working in the tourist industry. But people are using them, especially in Pyongyang, and there is some supporting infrastructure in place throughout the country. The smartphones and fitness trackers not just a tool used to impress visiting diplomats and tourists, their presence witnesses of some knowledge about the surrounding world and the technological advancement achieved in consumer electronics within the last 10 years. Close relations with China and smuggled South-Korean soap operas might have caused a consciousness and demand for smartphones, which the regime chose to meet. If this the case, then the country might not be as impregnable as one could assume. Assuming that the smartphones are about devices produced and sanctioned by a omnipresent government, whose survival depends on knowing and controlling everything. But by giving its people the tools, and the expertise, to circumvent the security measures imposed by the government, they just might have created a media which they cannot control. We are of course still talking

How to be smart in North Korea

When I first embarked on my crypto journey, I felt like a traveler with half a map. Despite my roots in traditional finance, which provided some initial clarity, the technological aspects were murky. The jargon felt opaque, if not totally impregnable. Not to mention, the prevailing sentiment among enthusiasts appeared to be that crypto’s interlocking economies were to operate on an erratic clockwork. Coming from a world where markets opened and closed with the ring of the bell, this accelerated, decentralized model of transacting felt as dizzying to comprehend as the words themselves. expected But that’s old hat now. After riding out the waves of Terra/Luna, FTX, and the ongoing rumblings in the banks and regulatory landscape, I like to think I’ve earned my stripes. But I bring this up because it’s a perspective I don’t want to forget. After fully assimilating into a new environment and beginning to understand its movements, it can be easy to repress the work it took to achieve that confidence. If it’s helpful (and you work in crypto), imagine trying to explain your current role to an entry-level you. While this can feel daunting, keep that person in sharp focus. That’s your audience. Let’s perhaps start by being honest: to the uninitiated, crypto complicated. How could it not be? Sitting at the intersection of technology, finance, and cryptography (think ciphers, codebreaking), even carefully written content can quickly collapse under its own weight. To make matters worse, this can become a self-fulfilling prophecy, where the expectation of a knowledge-gap cements the experience of alienation for would-be users. Whether by assuming too much of the reader, or presenting a dense thicket of information, there are plenty of ways for content to shepard curious participants to get lost in their feeds. is To be fair, this phenomenon is not unique to the crypto space. Every industry has its own, shifting vernacular. Maintaining a voice in corporate communications often requires a new vocabulary and syntax with each career progression. Admittedly, when my own pathway led to the crypto ecosystem, it took a certain amount of bushwhacking to find my bearings. And it wasn’t just the technological deep dives. The inverse was stumbling on content shallow enough to stub a toe. Thankfully, there were always exceptional examples of work that eschewed the complexity of wonky white papers and line-goes-up style reporting. But I had to go looking. Since securing my own footing, I’ve made it a priority to extend clear, concise hospitality to all those seeking a safe port of call along their DeFi journeys. Below are a few key principles to consider when crafting content that nurtures curious participants, and encourages conversations beyond theoretical profits. Cut Confusion Imagine the difference between a game of hopscotch versus jumping from rock to rock across a river. While one is an ordered, viable pathway, the other is an ad hoc, haphazard endeavor at best. These are rough encapsulations of the two most common experiences new participants face when entering the ecosystem. However, industry leaders can help users avoid the latter by thoughtfully presenting processes in a sequential order, and committing to that structure in their materials. Is discussing staking before wallets the most logical choice for educational content? What’s better to define first: hash rate or rollups? Making deliberate choices, and approaching the content through the eyes of your less-experienced self is paramount to constructing a firm foundation, and scaffolding future knowledge. At a base level, leaders should prioritize providing clear explanations, and introducing new concepts piecemeal to help gradually focus the aperture of user understanding. In turn, participants who are better versed in how systems and services interact will enjoy greater literacy to parse signals from the noise. Given the overwhelming amount of data generated in the crypto space, the ability to differentiate between useful resources, and erroneous or potentially harmful ones can be invaluable to determining one’s overall success. Not only will this encourage greater consensus among one’s readership, but it leaves the conversation open for community updates when new or developing information becomes available. That way, users can prioritize charting their next movements with confidence, and hopefully avoid getting wet feet. Draw Comparisons Despite the always-on nature of the media’s buzz around innovation, truly disruptive technologies are in fact a rare commodity. Often, a contributing factor to the allure of these developments is the exponential growth compared to prior iterations. This presents a unique challenge for communicators to make the new and unprecedented feel familiar and approachable. Early descriptions of automobiles are a great example of industry meeting its audience in their comfort zone. While “horseless carriage” is an incomplete description of a car by contemporary standards, at the time, this helped bridge the gap in the public's understanding of these new contraptions. One can almost picture an antiquated marketer gazing streetward and thinking: who considering an automobile hasn’t also ridden in a horse-drawn carriage? For leaders in the crypto space, especially those dedicated to attracting long term believers with its mission, digital assets should be made to feel equally relatable. While this is a broad target, 19th century advertising can once again provide some hints: when in doubt, use your surroundings. What existing product, service, or system does this crypto innovation resemble? Is there a process in nature, an historical event, or a cultural phenomenon that could help elucidate this topic for the reader? For example, smart contracts clicked into place for me when described in the language of vending machines. The ubiquity and familiarity of this action made it the perfect analogy. Think about it: who considering crypto hasn’t also used a vending machine? Wash. Rinse. And repeat. Prioritize the “Why” The notion that “crypto’s a solution looking for a problem” is a common refrain for folks who don’t understand the merits of the industry. However, there’s work to be done among the community to better articulate the functional purpose that many projects aim to provide. For example, coverage that only assesses the price movements of assets fails to capture or interrogate the purpose of their existence. Such surface level analysis runs the risk of allowing curious users to walk away thinking the crypto ecosystem turns on speculative value alone. Unfortunately, this is the inevitable fallout of uncritical content: it fails to capture the nuance and complexity of the crypto space. To counteract this problem, leaders and industry partners should always strive to take that extra step when discussing trending or emerging tech. If a project is deploying a novel consensus mechanism, or claims to be redefining digital communities, these facts should inform and appear alongside the price reports. Does a company like Apple only make revenue for shareholders? Just how regulated, vetted exchanges do their part to protect their corner of the ecosystem, platformed voices should work to elevate the conversation, and cultivate inquisitive behaviors among their audiences. By peering behind the shock and awe of an asset’s performance, assiduous researchers stand to gain unique perspectives on potential investments. Build a big tent Much like the assets themselves, the presence and prestige of the crypto industry has had its ups and downs. It’s telling that veterans of the community will often signal their activity in relation to a bull-run or high-profile bankruptcy. Typically, these moments correlate with the industry reorienting its pitch to the public. When markets were booming, we saw stadiums and Super Bowl ads spreading FOMO with the help of household names. As we’ve seen, not all those endorsements have aged favorably. While it’s unfortunate that the industry writ large has had to suffer for the actions of a few misguided individuals, there’s a lesson here about what type of posture the space should set for itself. Rather than vacillating between aggressive marketing campaigns and issuing aftermath mea culpas, industry leaders should strive to walk a more reasonable line from the onset to avoid ricochets in perception. If your product or solution helps streamline a crypto service, users should be given insight into how these systems work to bolster their overall understanding of the digital economy. “Showing versus telling” is a common adage of writerly advice that should be applied across the space. In turn, rather than simply saying your products are intuitive, safe, and efficient, break down how their makeup achieves these goals. Similar to laying out information in a thoughtful order, educating your audience about ongoing developments will allow them to better approach and navigate a shifting landscape.

Worth Beyond Value: 4 Tips for Achieving Clarity and Curiosity in Crypto

Freedom of Navigation Operations (FONOPs) have long been utilized by naval participants in Great Power Competition (GPC) to within certain regions throughout the globe. Both the United States and the Peoples’ Republic of China (PRC) have also used unilateral and joint naval movements to project power specifically in Southeast Asia, where maritime sovereignty remains a hotly contested topic. project power With the current age of the , one critically long-standing piece of technology that can be leveraged to safeguard territorial waters and document coastal incursions is the American-made global-positioning satellite (GPS) system. If integrated properly with technologies like 5G, blockchain, and other new systems while utilizing decentralized Internet practices, GPS can be used to protect the sovereignty of a nation’s coastlines and waters. Fourth Industrial Revolution Effects of PRC violations of maritime sovereignty The PRC’s maritime militia, the People’s Armed Forces Maritime Militia (PAFMM) by the U.S. Department of Defense, is a significant force multiplier in the era of GPC. officially called The PAFMM enables the PRC to strategically place itself and establish de-facto presence in , providing the PRC power projection capabilities through the violation of sovereign waters. This method disrupting a nation-state using the PAFMM as a semi-deniable instrument is one that has proven highly effective so far, as evidenced by direct PRC maritime militia involvement in disputes throughout Southeast Asia, to include incidents like the ramming of a Vietnamese fishing boat and the sinking of a Filipino vessel. disputed areas 2020 2019 PRC maritime militia ships are often indistinguishable from other fishing vessels, with simply being fishing boats with communications capabilities to People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) forces. However, when the time calls, PAFMM do serve as an to the PLAN, providing a logistics and surveillance support system to PRC military operations. some of them auxiliary force This presents an interesting conundrum for dealing with such a force, with PRC maritime militia vessels having the capabilities to integrate into military operations and disrupt a nation-state’s activities. However, the PAFMM is not dedicated to such roles in a full-time capacity, in contrast to traditional military naval vessels. Furthermore, the PRC's policy to fishing vessels further confuses the situation, with these subsidies undoubtedly co-opting fishermen into becoming part of the PAFMM. subsidize Nation-state economic loss and ecosystem disruption are further effects of such PRC violations of maritime sovereignty. Chinese overfishing in Vietnamese coastal waters have resulted in in the Vietnamese fishing industry, who only have a mere 30,000 offshore fishing boats in contrast to over 700,000 Chinese vessels. significantly reduced economic activities Additionally, a in the Sea of Japan has been attributed directly to Chinese overfishing in North Korean waters, with vast amounts of squid being fished by Chinese vessels during their traditional migration pattern. This has caused a reduction in the number of squid able to re-populate the Sea of Japan, thus disrupting the squid ecosystem as a whole. These factors are just two ways that highlight how the violation of coastal sovereignty can have significant effects on a country’s economic health and population. 70% decline of squid Leveraging GPS to protect territorial waters The American-invented GPS is the oldest global navigation satellite system (GNSS) among a handful of other current enterprises, with others including Russia’s Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), the European Union’s Galileo, Japan’s Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), and China’s BeiDou (BDS) satellite navigation system. In a comparison between different GPS systems, studies have shown that GPS maintains an advantage over BDS, with some BDS satellites occasional interruptions and short observation times over some global areas. Additionally, GPS can realize at 20-30cm, in comparison to BDS’ accuracy of 1m for public use. Therefore, GPS is clearly the best tool to capture PRC violations of sovereign waters. having absolute accuracy GPS can and should be used as a tool by nation-states to safeguard their territories and to document violations of maritime sovereignty. The widespread usage of GPS to collect and categorize such activities would provide a litany of concrete evidence highlighting these abuses, giving proper precedence to any naval counteractions conducted by said country or by international bodies like the United Nations. GPS implementation and integration in local fishing vessels, naval elements, and even for recreational watercraft could help a nation protect itself against foreign projections of soft power, helping to safeguard national economic and environmental ecosystems. Integrating emerging technologies and decentralized Internet with GPS The development of increasingly advanced technologies gives further rise to the ability of nation-states to protect their sovereign waters by enlisting the help of their civilian populations. Many countries in Southeast Asia maintain a to Internet adoption, giving a voice to every country’s citizenry through Internet access. mobile-first approach The advent of additional advanced technology tools to include smart water sensors, geo-fences, Internet-of-Things devices, and 5G technologies can help further integrate GPS into individuals’ lives with the goal of documenting violations of maritime sovereignty. Blockchain-based mapping represents another addition to enhancing GPS technology. Companies like Streetcred, which was acquired by Snap in , have developed blockchain-based systems for mapping and collecting location data. Having these types of open-mapping platforms built by crypto-cartographers represents an additional layer of verification to any reporting conducted by individuals using GPS. 2021 These systems would provide a democratized and decentralized way to provide location data in alignment with decentralized Internet principles. If used in conjunction with GPS, such blockchain applications could help further provide indisputable evidence of PRC violations of maritime sovereignty. Conclusion The reporting of coastal sovereignty violations by the PRC is an issue that must continue to be documented with significant emphasis in Southeast Asia. The use of PRC FONOPs to wreak havoc on a country’s economic and environmental systems is one that must receive attention from other participants in Great Power Competition. Emerging technologies and concepts like blockchain and the decentralized Internet can update GPS as the premier tool to utilize to help countries document such power abuses, giving a voice to everyday individuals to protect their nation’s individual sovereignties.

How American GPS Technology Protects Territorial Waters of Smaller Asian Countries

The overwhelming majority of NFT projects are what I like to call "cookie-cutter projects." Does this utility stack sound familiar? Launch a second collection or art upgrade Merch DAO Staking for utility coin "We're building a brand." It's all complete and utter BS, isn't it? And yet, so many of these cookie-cutter projects that provide nothing worthy of standing out have attention, floor price, and royalty revenue advantages over a large percentage of the true builders of Web3. Like intensely, Anybodies stands out as a Screw You to the disappointing Web3 norms that NFT collectors have come to accept and valiantly defend (but only for projects they hold, lol). other projects I've elected to cover As we take a comprehensive look at Anybodies, we'll discover a team dedicated to genuine innovation that will benefit the entire Solana ecosystem and also come to realize that, not only does Anybodies rightfully deserve to be in the conversation regarding the next top Solana project, but they also have a very clear path to achieve exactly that. Looking back a decade from now, it's projects like Anybodies that will be remembered for pushing the Web3 space forward. Let's dive into it. Summary Twitter Website Magic Eden Discord Known for high-profile partnerships, highly recognizable quality art, a community of high-conviction supportive holders, and the undisputed in all of Crypto Twitter, Anybodies is Solana NFT project that needs to be on your radar if it somehow isn't already. most active intern Anybodies is a one-stop-shop for anyone looking to experience the full power of Web3, providing that through a combination of NFT, NFC, AR, and blockchain technology integrated into products that offer true physical-to-digital linked experiences, many of which will be in collaboration with some of the world's top brands. The core founding team is fully doxxed and brings a wealth of relevant experience to the table. You can learn more about them below: - Co-Founder & CEO Elli De Gouveia - Co-Founder & CTO Joss Aviv - Co-Founder & Creative Director Xi Ding The Pillars of Anybodies Anybodies is not a narrowly-focused project. There are grand visions being worked towards, each a complement of the others; not a distracting detractor. These visions can be summarized by what I see as three core pillars of the project: Onboard, Fashion, and Technology. Let's run through each of them. Onboard: Building to Bring the World to Solana Anybodies has recognized that NFTs provide an incredible opportunity for large brands to supercharge their rewards programs and acquire new customers. Instead of spending incredible sums of money and using 10+ months to create a joint rewards program promotion with another brand, they can instead utilize NFTs to get the job done in minutes. Anybodies is building a platform to facilitate this type of activity and other customer acquisition mechanisms. In the process, Anybodies will potentially generate hundreds of millions of dollars in value for partners that use their platform. "Each brand that uses Anybodies, they bring/create new modules and integrations on the Anybodies Platform. This creates a flywheel that ultimately results in the most comprehensive membership offering. What if a brand that is integrated with Anybodies could create turn-key loyalty partnerships with any other brand integrated with Anybodies? e.g. Toys R Us rewards are now available to Tay Keith Hoodie holders with a click of a button. a good example of this is Delta Air Lines partnering with Starbucks to combine their Loyalty programs which doubled both company's reach. Problem is it took them 10+ months to pull off vs using NFTs and Anybodies you can do it in minutes." - , Anybodies Co-Founder & CEO Ellihandro I’ve been an avid Solana participants since October of 2021, and an observer even before then. Out of everything to come from the ecosystem, this, by far, appears to be the greatest innovation to emerge from a Solana NFT project thus far. With well-set-up rewards, it has the power to provide almost incomprehensible value to Anybodies holders and onboard millions of new consumers to the Solana ecosystem. Fashion: Web3 Merchandise Sucks. Anybodies Doesn't. Everyone who has been in Web3 long enough knows that the merch, in general, is pretty terrible. Whether we're talking about quality or design, no one has assumed the mantle of bringing luxury fashion house-level products into the industry—until Anybodies. While the overwhelming majority of NFT projects working to build a brand have done little to establish any infrastructure needed to actually do so, and have opted for cheap merchandise reminiscent of fraternity and sorority rush apparel, Anybodies spent 2022 readying itself to bring world-class fashion and other merchandise to the world. Here are some key actions they took: Closed deal with new fulfillment and storage partner. Established strong partnerships with 3 textile & leather factories from Portugal, Italy, and the UK. Secured packaging partnership in the UK that is building out AR & NFC-enabled packaging. With the proper infrastructure in place, Anybodies can effectively scale their merchandise operations globally. Be on the lookout for Anybodies-branded products coming out this year, as well as new collaborations with incredible brands and Web3 projects. Technology: One of the Great Innovators in Web3 Anybodies deserves far greater recognition for the innovations they're bringing to Web3 than they receive. Let's be clear, the team is unequivocally an innovation powerhouse. You will shortly. Don't believe me? https://twitter.com/AnybodiesNFT/status/1567880802909683714?s=20&embedable=true For starters, alongside RTFKT, Anybodies is the primary standout NFT project championing NFC chip technology in a prominent way. By including NFC chips in merchandise like the Tay Keith sweater (unbelievably comfortable by the way), Anybodies is opening the door for brand collaborations to link their rewards programs to the currently-under-development Anybodies app. This tech enables brands to drive new rewards campaigns and unique experiences to users continuously, predictably generating higher customer loyalty. Big companies love that. Alongside NFC chips, Anybodies has been doing its part to pioneer AR's presence in Web3 since the project first launched. With a focus on giving users more ways to engage with brands through products, receiving something like a sweater is no longer a regular occasion to take for granted. With Anybodies AR, it that generates UGC for brands. becomes a memorable experience https://twitter.com/ellihandro/status/1628818750400081924?s=20&embedable=true Let's check out , the staking platform that the Anybodies team developed. Today, the free-to-use site is Solana's leading staking and raffles self-service platform, boasting over 100,000 verified users, $30 million+ under management, and ~200,000 transactions monthly. Not enough tech innovation for you yet, anon? Diamond Vaults If we dig a little deeper than surface level, it's clear that Diamond Vaults is an expression of "A rising tide lifts all boats," a mantra that the Anybodies team has continually said in recent months. With Diamond Vaults, and everything else they do, Anybodies is here to elevate the entire Solana ecosystem with tech innovations that enable other projects to level up and provide value to their holders as well. Collections The Anybodies ecosystem is currently comprised of four collections containing five different NFT drops. It's no secret that many more drops are on the way, so getting involved now while prices are low could be a great long-term play. Here's a brief overview of each collection. Anybodies Minted on January 18, 2022 as high-quality art focused on inclusivity and representation, Anybodies is the primary collection of the Anybodies ecosystem. With a supply of 3,000, it's a very limited PFP collection compared to the majority of projects in the Web3 space. Anybodies holder benefits include staking to earn $STYLE (the native utility token of the Anybodies ecosystem), WL reserved on all collaborations, exclusive benefits in Diamond Vaults, and more. Anybodies Store The Anybodies store is where people can buy, sell, and trade Anybodies merch in either redeemed (meaning a physical IRL item was already redeemed) or not redeemed (meaning the NFT can still be used to redeem the IRL version) form. Currently, the two items featured in the collection are the hoodie and the sneaker created in collaboration with . Both are examples of products from Anybrand, what Anybodies is calling "the premier web2 launchpad for major companies & brands wanting to get into web3." Anybodies x DeGods Anybodies x AF1 VIJZ Studios The Anybodies x AF1 sneaker was airdropped to early community members for free as the first Anybodies NFT available. Holding the digital version offers a guaranteed WL to every Anybodies mint. The DeGods hoodie was designed by the Anybodies team as a 200-piece limited drop. Holders of the NFT will have until March 31st, 2023 to redeem the IRL hoodie. Items not redeemed will be donated to charity. Tay Keith In collaboration with Anybodies, Tay Keith, world-famous award-winning music producer, brought his #1 record and producer label, "Drumatized" to the Solana ecosystem. By minting and redeeming the physical sweater, holders get access to Tay Keith drops like a 3D avatar, free tickets to live events, Tay Keith beats, and much more by tapping the NFC chip sewn into the sweater's sleeve. Toys "R" Us The Anybodies x Toys R Us drop just may have been the most controversial Solana drop of 2022. The collection of 10,000 giraffes sold out slowly and endured enormous amounts of FUD starting at the drop's announcement and continuing to today, despite the Anybodies team recognizing some of their shortcomings and in 2023. pledging to make improvements Let's take a step past the FUD and get clear on why this collection is so important. At a fundamental level, one of the world's most recognizable brands has partnered with a Solana NFT project. That brand was and has generated billions of dollars in revenue in collaboration with many of the most beloved IP brands in the world. Today, through nearly 900 branded stores and e-commerce sites in over 25 countries across North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and the Middle East. That brand also recognizes the future benefits of blockchain technology and wants to leverage its resources to successfully integrate into Web3, and they've elected to do it with Anybodies. founded in 1948 they generate over $2 billion in global retail sales annually People are FUDing this. It's madness. Everyone needs to look beyond floor price here; there's so much more at stake for the entire Solana ecosystem. How? This collaboration has legitimized Anybodies on a global scale, established them as the only middleman standing between all other Web3 projects and creating Toys "R" Us physical merchandise, and has placed Anybodies one connection away from many of the world's most incredible brands, like Pokémon ( ), Lego, and so many more. which I suspect an NFT drop is in the works https://twitter.com/ellihandro/status/1625607028965089281?s=20&embedable=true $STYLE $STYLE is the utility token of the Anybodies ecosystem. Truthfully, it's one of the only Solana NFT project utility tokens with use cases that actually make sense. Here's what you can, or will be able to, do with it. Online Store - Holders will be able to use $STYLE to purchase merch and accessories from the Anybodies store. Physical Store - Holders will be able to use $STYLE to purchase goods and services from partner flagship stores. This is something not being talked about much, but thinking long-term, it's a big deal. Anybodies has reached the point of escape velocity and, based on what the team has said, has the ability to partner with pretty much any brands they want to in the world. We know that Anybodies is focused on blending streetwear and fashion with cutting-edge technology, so considering the brands that align with that vision and knowing they'd be accepting $STYLE in-store is incredibly exciting. Mint - $STYLE can be used by Anybodies holders to mint upcoming drops in the Anybodies ecosystem. We saw this utility play out with the mint; it's a gift that keeps on giving. Holders stake their Anybodies NFTs to earn $STYLE, then instead of using $SOL or other forms of payment to mint new NFTs, they can just use $STYLE. As $STYLE continues to prove its utility and becomes a more desired token in the eyes of the public, all of the $STYLE funneled back to the team through purchases will increase in value and contribute to growing the project. Everyone wins here. Toys R Us - Holders will be able to customize their Anybodies PFPs using $STYLE. Wardrobe - $STYLE will be able to be used to purchase tickets to live events. Events One of the reasons why I bought into Anybodies was the thesis (which is becoming more and more of a reality every day) that the project would align and partner with some of the top brands and individuals in the world. We saw it with their Tay Keith drop, and now with the Toys R Us drop. Each addition to the resume further solidifies Anybodies as a top project in the space and will drive more partnerships towards it. As holders, this means our network grows through Anybodies and we have the ability to elevate ourselves using $STYLE, in part by attending events put on with collaborators. The token price (like all alts) is down significantly in the current bear market. All things considered, $STYLE feels like a Solana ecosystem token that will shine brighter as time continues to progress. With so much utility already being baked into the token and the future outlook of Anybodies looking better than ever as they eye a run to the top of the Solana ecosystem, I think $STYLE has a solid chance of outperforming a vast majority of other tokens on Solana in the long-run. Verdict Consider the question: what happens when a team takes close to a decade of AR experience and combines it with a platform that will supercharge rewards programs for the world's largest brands through the power of NFTs, while also having infrastructure set up to sell industry-leading-quality merchandise globally? To me, the answer is Solana's next number one NFT project, plain and simple. If we're talking business fundamentals and tangible potential for growth, especially considering y00ts and DeGods are leaving for Ethereum, there isn't a project on Solana that comes close to what Anybodies has been putting together. If you don't believe me, I challenge you to take everything that has been examined in this article and put it up against Solana's top projects of today. I think that what you find will be eye-opening, at the very least. At a floor price deeply discounted from its ATH, now is a great chance to enter the Anybodies ecosystem before they reach new heights and eventually become one of Solana's undisputed top projects. In 2023, there will be "drops from amazing apparel brands, activewear brands, sneaker brands, luxury brands, liquor brands, and automotive brands," all focused on adopting Anybodies tech within their product range and stores. This is shaping out to be the year that Anybodies takes its brand to new heights using Web2 onboarding as its primary growth play. Everybody will be an Anybodies. It's time to stop fading them, anon. This research first appeared in my newsletter, Triana. For more insights like this and daily Web3, crypto, and tech news delivered to your inbox Monday-Friday, visit the site and subscribe ! HERE Tip Jar Enjoy the article? Consider leaving a tip to support my writing efforts. All donations are greatly appreciated! 0x9543128838F74bF6e95b7e056D288bc190236C2D Coinbase (BTC): 0x22B4E04c13EEBD21e2D35c4001B8B8fFFF17DD3a Metamask (ETH): AXmyuktns4ehTWAuJbMDwavHAufbRpkQB3aoeJ7yE8iP Phantom (SOL): Disclaimer: This article is written purely for entertainment and educational purposes and should not be taken as financial advice in any way. Do your own research. If you are seeking financial advice, find a professional who is right for you.

Anybodies Breaks the NFT Mold

🦧 Yuga Labs acquires WENEW WENEW, which was co-founded by the famous artist “Beeple”, has collaborated with a number of brands including Gucci, Playboy, and Wimbledon. . More 👟 Nike launches new web3 platform .Swoosh Swoosh is the home of Nike’s web3 efforts. In collaboration with Polygon, the platform allows Nike’s community to ‘co-create the future of Nike’, access virtual events, purchase Nike’s digital wearables, and unlock real-world benefits such as physical apparel and access to pro athletes. Nike plans for its creations to be interoperable among metaverses and blockchain games. More. 🧢 Adidas’s World Cup teaser features a Bored Ape Adidas’s Indigo Herz Bored Ape NFT, which the brand purchased last September, featured in the advert alongside Messi, Benzema, and Stormzy. . More 💆‍♀️ Dove Pakistan launches NFTs in the campaign to help damaged hair As part of the campaign, 10 winners will be chosen to win NFTs that grant their owners real-world benefits including a year’s supply of Dove shampoo. . More 🍏 Job posting suggests Apple plans to build its own metaverse The job post suggests that the technology giant is looking for engineers who can develop a 3D mixed-reality world for its coming headset. . More 🚘 Skoda enters the metaverse In the Skodaverse, users can drive the newest ENYAQ Coupé RS iV model, create custom avatars, & interact with Skoda’s NFT collections. . More 👑 Harry and Megan Markle to launch metaverse experience The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge have partnered with the metaverse platform, pax.world, for the launch. . More ⚽️ Manchester United to gift first ever official NFTs to fans In partnership with their official sponsor, Tezos, Manchester United plan to give fans free NFTs to kick-start their move into web3. . More 🏈 Rarity league has released a set of officially licensed NFL helmet NFTs The collection will have utility on NFL Rivals, an arcade-style game where collectors can gain access to special events, in-game rewards, and more. . More 💄L’Oreal & Maybelline partners with Ready Player Me The partnerships with the leading interoperable metaverse avatar platform enable brand-customized hair and makeup styles for avatar characters. . More 🟡 Cristiano Ronaldo launches NFT collection in collaboration with Binance The CR7 NFT collection will be Ronaldo’s first official NFT drop. . More 👚Adidas Originals reveals new 16-piece NFT collection of interoperable virtual wearables The wearables were airdropped to Phase 2 Capsule NFT holders. The wearables can be worn by virtual avatars and have been designed to be interoperable with other identity-based projects and metaverses. . More 🥤PepsiCo India to launch NFTs for Indian customers celebrating Pepsi Black The Pepsi Black Zero Sugar collection will feature 20 NFTs. The NFTs will be given away to the winners of the #PepsiBlackeffect challenge. . More 🪞Charlotte Tilbury unveils 3D virtual store Charlotte’s Beauty Realm is the brand’s first virtual store and comes with a gaming experience. The store is launching in the experiential e-commerce platform, Odyssey. Visitors will be able to buy products in the store. . More 💇🏾‍♀️ TRESemme enters the metaverse The TRESverse will feature a virtual salon, where users can style their avatars. . More 🎾 ATP Tour announces upcoming data-driven NFT collection The LOVE collection comprises 300 NFTs based on data from the Nitto ATP Finals and was created in collaboration with Art Blocks Engine & artist, Martin Grasser. . More 👗 Givenchy and Bstroy launch NFTs alongside a new physical collection LVHMs Givenchy has partnered with the streetwear brand to offer free NFTs to purchasers of the new clothing line. . More 🥣 Kelloggs’ Poptarts creates in-game NFT characters for Blankos Block Party Poptarts’ NFT characters will be playable within the NFT-based game. . More 🏎️ Azuki featured on Red Bull F1 cars for the last race of the 2022 season Azuki #8494 could be found between Tezos and Bybit. . More 🥃 Johnnie Walker lets NFT holders vote on the design of a new bottle The leading whisky brand has partnered with artist VANDYTHEPINK to submit designs for the bottle on which NFT holders will vote. The design with the most votes will be used for a new exclusive range of Johnnie Walker Blue Label. . More 💔 A number of NFT collections are stuck on the currently disabled FTX NFT marketplace Brands including Tomorrowland, Coachella, Steph Curry, Mercedes & the Golden State Warriors all have their NFTs stuck on insolvent FTX, leaving fans unable to interact with their collectibles. The brands are actively looking for solutions. . More

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Getting to the end of 2022, there’s one soon-to-launch NFT project that has piqued the interest of the industry that everyone is waiting to launch: Valhalla. Whenever situations come up like this, it’s easy to buy into the hype and make poor judgment decisions, I know I sure did when launched last year (thankfully I didn’t end up buying). Mekaverse I decided to do a deep dive into Valhalla and committed to going through their entire Twitter feed, Discord, website, news stories, etc., to best gauge whether this project had the merit to back up the hype that it has garnered up to this point. These are my findings. Project Summary Valhalla is an NFT project focused on being the number one gaming NFT in the world. “Valhalla is a utility-enabled PFP project for gaming and streetwear enthusiasts. Members will be granted access to our exclusive community, events, and digital drops.” The team behind the project is , a studio founded by serial entrepreneur —2x founder and Forbes 30 under 30—that is focused on creating the Web3 version of Twitch. Stacked Studios Alex Lin Y Combinator “We are creating a novel experience for our members, tailormade for those as passionate about gaming and culture as we are.” Stacked raised $13M in its series A funding round led by Pantera Capital (bringing the total to $15M raised). The goal is to turn video streaming creators into shareholders of the platform through the use of governance tokens, but users won’t need to be crypto-savvy to use the service. The model will “align the interests of content operators and creators for the first time.” Stacked is expected to launch in North America in December 2022. https://techcrunch.com/2022/08/31/stacked-web3-game-streaming/?embedable=true Leading up to their mint, Valhalla ran a unique application process. Existing members were giving codes to send friends, so the application pool grew purely by referrals and word of mouth. The model was an incredible success, generating over 11,000 applications! Key Links Twitter Website Discord Mint Details Mint Date TBA Mint Price .25 WETH for presale, subject to change in public sale Mint Type Private Mintlist Sold Out? TBD Notably, Valhalla is running a presale where community members and reputable collectors can reserve an allocation ahead of the public sale. NFTs purchased in the presale will be subject to a 3-mont unlock period. 500 NFTs will be included in the presale and cost .25 WETH. If someone purchases 15 NFTs, 5 will unlock and be able to be sold at the end of each month (equal 1/3 monthly vesting). Collection Details NFTs 10,000 Contract TBA Unique Holders TBD 1 of 1’s? TBA Royalties TBA Team - CEO Alex Lin - Chief of Staff Ryan Wen - SR Software Engineer Victor Cheng - Product Manager Samantha Chow Terry Kang - Software Engineer Roberto Berwa - Software Engineer - Lead Software Engineer Ding Zhang Matt Henderson - Software Engineer Team Experience Y Combinator, LVL6, Hush, Gauge Capital, Microsoft, Open Table, Goldman Sachs, EQUIAM, MIT Media Lab, Greenzie, Vana, Facebook, Uber, Allelo, Atlassian Partners , a pro Valorant player Wardell , the #1 League of Legends team in China JD Gaming , the premier esports team in Asia-Pacific Talon esports , an esports team competing in Valorant, Fortnite, Halo, Wild Rift, and Apex Legends Sentinels , 3x world champions in League of Legends T1 esports Key Lore None available currently Verdict (10/10)⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ Like and before it, Valhalla is the latest example of a highly qualified team putting in a year+ of work (beginning in 2021 when NFTs exploded) and finally coming to market. Ey3k0n KPR This is a new meta that took time to develop, and it’s one that will ultimately be incredibly beneficial to the NFT space as a whole, as the bar for quality will continue to rise and the influx of top-quality talent will rise alongside it. Despite not knowing the true utility of the NFTs being sold, Valhalla remains a 10/10 for me because it is already funded with years of runway and will predictably integrate well into Stacked, a project I’m incredibly excited to see develop moving forward. When also considering the project has accumulated over 11,000 applications for early access, the gaming partnerships already formed, the team’s background, and the quality of everything that has been publicly unveiled so far, I can’t emphasize enough how positive my outlook is on Valhalla at this point in time. I’m looking forward to their upcoming mint and hope to be a part of it myself!

Project Deep Dive: Is Valhalla Worth the Hype?

The Evolution of Modern Medicine, by William Osler is part of HackerNoon’s Book Blog Post series. You can jump to any chapter in this book . here PREFACE THE manuscript of Sir William Osler's lectures on the "Evolution of Modern Medicine," delivered at Yale University in April, 1913, on the Silliman Foundation, was immediately turned in to the Yale University Press for publication. Duly set in type, proofs in galley form had been submitted to him and despite countless interruptions he had already corrected and revised a number of the galleys when the great war came. But with the war on, he threw himself with energy and devotion into the military and public duties which devolved upon him and so never completed his proof-reading and intended alterations. The careful corrections which Sir William made in the earlier galleys show that the lectures were dictated, in the first instance, as loose memoranda for oral delivery rather than as finished compositions for the eye, while maintaining throughout the logical continuity and the engaging con moto which were so characteristic of his literary style. In revising the lectures for publication, therefore, the editors have merely endeavored to carry out, with care and befitting reverence, the indications supplied in the earlier galleys by Sir William himself. In supplying dates and references which were lacking, his preferences as to editions and readings have been borne in mind. The slight alterations made, the adaptation of the text to the eye, detract nothing from the original freshness of the work. In a letter to one of the editors, Osler described these lectures as "an aeroplane flight over the progress of medicine through the ages." They are, in effect, a sweeping panoramic survey of the whole vast field, covering wide areas at a rapid pace, yet with an extraordinary variety of detail. The slow, painful character of the evolution of medicine from the fearsome, superstitious mental complex of primitive man, with his amulets, healing gods and disease demons, to the ideal of a clear-eyed rationalism is traced with faith and a serene sense of continuity. The author saw clearly and felt deeply that the men who have made an idea or discovery viable and valuable to humanity are the deserving men; he has made the great names shine out, without any depreciation of the important work of lesser men and without cluttering up his narrative with the tedious prehistory of great discoveries or with shrill claims to priority. Of his skill in differentiating the sundry "strains" of medicine, there is specific witness in each section. Osler's wide culture and control of the best available literature of his subject permitted him to range the ampler aether of Greek medicine or the earth-fettered schools of today with equal mastery; there is no quickset of pedantry between the author and the reader. The illustrations (which he had doubtless planned as fully for the last as for the earlier chapters) are as he left them; save that, lacking legends, these have been supplied and a few which could not be identified have with regret been omitted. The original galley proofs have been revised and corrected from different viewpoints by Fielding H. Garrison, Harvey Cushing, Edward C. Streeter and latterly by Leonard L. Mackall (Savannah, Ga.), whose zeal and persistence in the painstaking verification of citations and references cannot be too highly commended. In the present revision, a number of important corrections, most of them based upon the original MS., have been made by Dr. W.W. Francis (Oxford), Dr. Charles Singer (London), Dr. E.C. Streeter, Mr. L.L. Mackall and others. This work, composed originally for a lay audience and for popular consumption, will be to the aspiring medical student and the hardworking practitioner a lift into the blue, an inspiring vista or "Pisgah-sight" of the evolution of medicine, a realization of what devotion, perseverance, valor and ability on the part of physicians have contributed to this progress, and of the creditable part which our profession has played in the general development of science. The editors have no hesitation in presenting these lectures to the profession and to the reading public as one of the most characteristic productions of the best-balanced, best-equipped, most sagacious and most lovable of all modern physicians. F.H.G. BUT on that account, I say, we ought not to reject the ancient Art, as if it were not, and had not been properly founded, because it did not attain accuracy in all things, but rather, since it is capable of reaching to the greatest exactitude by reasoning, to receive it and admire its discoveries, made from a state of great ignorance, and as having been well and properly made, and not from chance. (Hippocrates, On Ancient Medicine, Adams edition, Vol. 1, 1849, p. 168.) THE true and lawful goal of the sciences is none other than this: that human life be endowed with new discoveries and powers. (Francis Bacon, Novum Organum, Aphorisms, LXXXI, Spedding's translation.) A GOLDEN thread has run throughout the history of the world, consecutive and continuous, the work of the best men in successive ages. From point to point it still runs, and when near you feel it as the clear and bright and searchingly irresistible light which Truth throws forth when great minds conceive it. (Walter Moxon, Pilocereus Senilis and Other Papers, 1887, p. 4.) FOR the mind depends so much on the temperament and disposition of the bodily organs that, if it is possible to find a means of rendering men wiser and cleverer than they have hitherto been, I believe that it is in medicine that it must be sought. It is true that the medicine which is now in vogue contains little of which the utility is remarkable; but, without having any intention of decrying it, I am sure that there is no one, even among those who make its study a profession, who does not confess that all that men know is almost nothing in comparison with what remains to be known; and that we could be free of an infinitude of maladies both of body and mind, and even also possibly of the infirmities of age, if we had sufficient knowledge of their causes, and of all the remedies with which nature has provided us. (Descartes: Discourse on the Method, Philosophical Works. Translated by E. S. Haldane and G. R. T. Ross. Vol. I, Cam. Univ. Press, 1911, p. 120.) About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved April 2022 from Osler, William. 2006. The Evolution of Modern Medicine. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1566/1566-h/1566-h.htm#link2H_PREF This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at , located at . www.gutenberg.org https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html Photo by on National Cancer Institute Unsplash

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