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The Current State of the Ethereum Blockchain In the cryptoasset space, Ethereum is always the flavour du jour. There is never a shortage of excitement and/or drama in and around it. Whether it is its governance woes, the delivery of Ethereum 2.0, or Vitalik’s t-shirts, there’s always something to grab the imagination of contributors and pundits alike. body[data-twttr-rendered="true"] {background-color: transparent;}.twitter-tweet {margin: auto !important;} , Ethereum's Theon Greyjoy. He means well, but feels bitter about being overlooked and the injustice of his overlords. He tries to take power, but acts stupidly and selfishly, and eventually gets his dick chopped off. @lrettig https://t.co/bjjtekPo60 — @ameensol function notifyResize(height) {height = height ? height : document.documentElement.offsetHeight; var resized = false; if (window.donkey && donkey.resize) {donkey.resize(height); resized = true;}if (parent && parent._resizeIframe) {var obj = {iframe: window.frameElement, height: height}; parent._resizeIframe(obj); resized = true;}if (window.location && window.location.hash === "#amp=1" && window.parent && window.parent.postMessage) {window.parent.postMessage({sentinel: "amp", type: "embed-size", height: height}, "*");}if (window.webkit && window.webkit.messageHandlers && window.webkit.messageHandlers.resize) {window.webkit.messageHandlers.resize.postMessage(height); resized = true;}return resized;}twttr.events.bind('rendered', function (event) {notifyResize();}); twttr.events.bind('resize', function (event) {notifyResize();});if (parent && parent._resizeIframe) {var maxWidth = parseInt(window.frameElement.getAttribute("width")); if ( 500 < maxWidth) {window.frameElement.setAttribute("width", "500");}} Fundamentally, the mere fact that Ethereum commands so much attention is beyond warranted; it is the undisputed #2 in crypto, single handedly ushered the concept of Smart Contracts into production, and gave birth to (at least) three fascinating phenomena — the ICO, NFTs and DeFi. Yet, as we are slowly emerging from crypto winter, it seems as if Ethereum has been left somewhat bruised, with many question marks around its future. In the following sections I will attempt to uncover the current state of Ethereum by looking at various key on- and off-chain metrics. On-chain data We dive head-in by taking a look at the state of the Ethereum blockchain via key on-chain metrics. Active addresses Active addresses are defined as those that have engaged in cryptocurrency transactions at any point during the last 24-hours. Mirroring the activity in Bitcoin, it appears that the trend in active addresses has changed to the upside, after about 9 months of consistent decline (along with ETH’s price). Also, since late 2018, we are observing a divergence between the trends in price and active addresses. Will price trail back to active addresses? Not unlikely given the historical trend. Velocity of tokens & transaction volume Source: Santiment Velocity points to the average number of times that a token changes wallets each day. Simply put, a higher token velocity means that a token is used in transactions more often within a set time frame. Discounting for activity attributable to the notorious Ethereum mixer, both velocity and transaction volume seem to be growing linearly, on a trend that dates back to early 2016 — what is arguably a positive sign, nodding to increased utilisation of the network. Source: Bloxy What this might additionally imply, is that an exponential phase (S-curve) in transaction volumes is still a possibility in the future — though hard to imagine given the current performance limitations of Ethereum. Median transaction value (USD) Source: Coinmetrics If the data actually reflects reality, the fact that as the network matures, the median transaction value goes down, might strike one as a surprise . However, on second thoughts, this is really not at all surprising. Remember Ethereum =! Bitcoin; it has actually been built and used with different purposes in mind. And given that ~50% of the transactions on the network are currently machine to machine transactions (as per the ), it might just make sense that the median value decreases — particularly as the # of ERC-20 tokens exploded from a few dozen in 2017 to over 4000 . Overall, we can interpret this as a sign of a maturing network and a nod the type of transactions that ETH is used increasingly for. Speaking of which… Token Analyst today DeFi adoption Source: Mike McDonnald Source: DeFi Pulse DeFi (shorthand for decentralized finance) is the second big use case (after fundraising via private money) currently being explored on Ethereum and finding product-market fit. While the growth recorded so far has been impressive, the explosive part seems to have stalled for now. How much of this is due to the DAI’s peg woes and the stability fee hike from 0.5% to 7.5% in Maker (making it less attractive to own CDPs), and how much is due to the space having reached a structural ceiling for now, remains to be seen. My guess — a bit of both! After all, we need easier access to this ecosystem for the next batch of users to come on board. Number of tokens by ERC type Source: Bloxy On to the first major use case that ushered Ethereum into the cryptoasset pantheon, we take a look at what happens in the world of tokens under the “world computer”. At present, the majority of the Ethereum network is overrun by ERC-20 type tokens; for all their promise, ERC-721’s (NFTs) and other emerging standards, still represent a marginal amount of activity on the network. Further, ~4k seems to be the equilibrium number of active tokens on the network — tentatively driven by both lack of further demand AND lack of network capacity. Aggregate network Utilization Source: Etherscan This metric expresses the Average Gas Used/Gas Limit at any given point in time and acts as proxy to comparing utilisation with capacity. Interestingly, the picture here seems to verify the assumption laid out above, with respect to network capacity, and points to the fact that this particular S-curve has plateaued. Smart contract dynamics Source: Bloxy The three charts above, together describe the state of smart contracts on the Ethereum network — at a high level. From February until present day, the aggregate smart contract calls (interactions with smart contracts) have picked up, and are verging towards all time high territory. Given that we are post speculative mania, and ICO activity is in multi-year low, at the very least, this implies that the utility to speculative value ratio in Ethereum is improving — indication of such activity correlates nicely with the rise of DeFi. Now as far as Gas cost is concerned, the levels have been stable throughout 2018 — with an exception in July 2018, when F-coin spammed the Ethereum network (hence “call with token transfer” and “token transfer” costs exploded). Once again, stability here might imply that we’re operating close to network capacity. Finally, things get a little more curious when considering Daily Gas cost in USD, as it appears that for the past 12 moths, all 4 types of smart contract calls cost the same in USD terms, a phenomenon not observed before April 2018. One more sign of maturity, and/or the fact that the network is at capacity? Likely! Market data On-chain is only half the story. In this section we phase into market data, by looking at the most relevant to market, on-chain metrics, and subsequently transition to purely market focused metrics. Price vs Inflation Source: Coinmetrics Source: Eric Conner As with Bitcoin, reductions in inflation seems to have a similar effect on price (upwards push). Looking ahead to 2020 and 2022, there are two more big inflation adjustments coming, with the steeper one being the one in 2020. Combined with Bitcoin’s halving, this is a structurally bullish development — assuming that demand for the asset remains constant, at the least. Token age consumed Source: Santiment This metric shows the amount of tokens changing addresses on a certain date, multiplied by the number of blocks created on the blockchain since they last moved. One way we can interpret this, is as a proxy to long time HODLer coins moving, potentially to liquidate. The activity here mirrors that in Bitcoin — once again, with the most tokens moving after November’s dump, pointing to capitulating long term holders, among which tentatively a bunch of early ICO treasuries and a slew of unprofitable miners. Relative market shares in the smart contracts cluster Source: Coinmartketcap Source: Coinmartketcap While Ethereum pretty much created the category, its dominance has gone down from ~90% in mid-2017, to ~58% in the Smart Contracts cluster. Further, since April 2017 it has underperformed the cluster consistently in bull-market conditions, and has tracked the cluster’s performance (or more likely, the other way around) in bear market conditions, while the correlations of returns between Index and ETH standing at over 90%! With competitors like Cosmos, Dfinity, Polkadot and Hashgraph (among others) having launched recently or launching soon, and Ethereum 2.0 being a long way off still, it’s hard to see this trend reversing or even stabilizing. 60-day volatility (stdev of daily returns) Source: Coinmarketcap Source: Delphi Digital Given the high correlation of ETH with Bitcoin, returning volatility in Bitcoin, implies that volatility returns in ETH too — and by the looks of the 60-day volatility chart this is already materializing. Considering that this has been a resounding move towards leaving the bear trend behind — a view held by many and based on many different data points — there might be significant room for short-medium term upwards movement. The recent analysis from Delphi digital on ETH/BTC and its relation to upside-downside beta, implies that this might indeed be the case. Miner data Mind you, Ethereum is still a Proof-of-Work coin… Hashrate Source: Etherscan Contrary to Bitcoin, the Hashrate in the Ethereum network seems to be following a negative trend and has yet to pick back up. What this implies, is that the network is not yet at equilibrium, with the current prices making ETH mining unprofitable for many. Reports have it that the break even for ETH miners stands at about $150-$200 per ETH. There are a few reasons as to why this might be the case, among which are (i) the fact that Ethereum is planning to migrate to PoS, (ii) the fact that Ethereum mining utilizes GPU chip sets and (iii) the fact that compared to Bitcoin, Ethereum’s inflation rate is still high. Miner distribution Source: Santiment Source: Etherscan One thing that was relatively positive for the Ethereum ecosystem, that resulted directly from the downfall of prices from a top of ~$1.4k to current levels, was the fact that relative space occupied by smaller miners grew — at the expense of the Top3 to Top10 mining pools, such that now more smaller miners are represented at the table. At the same time, the Top 3 pools grew their share, as they are likely the only ones with the required operational excellence (cheap electricity, low overheads otherwise) to be able to adequately withstand the price drop. Development data In this section, I look at a couple of proxies to the development activity in the Ethereum ecosystem. Github repository Source: Cryptomiso A quick scroll down paints a very positive picture. Off the Top-100 projects ranked by Github activity, while Ethereum might rank around the middle, it’s one of the projects with the most consistent activity pattern. If slow and steady wins the race, and given the mindshare that Ethereum has captured, then this should count as a net positive for the underlying asset. cryptomiso Truffle framework downloads Source: truffleframework.com Ethereum’s popularity as a Web 3 development platform is beyond doubt, and part of the reason why is the availability of tooling in building on the platform. There are some interesting notes to take here; (i) Ethereum’s price rise in H1 2017 was the biggest ad for Ethereum as a development platform, (ii) there is a low positive correlation between ETH’s price swings and downloads in the Truffle framework and (iii) the exponential growth rate in downloads observed until January, is showing signs of slowing down. Maybe a sign that Ethereum is reaching developer bandwidth capacity (re: SAM)? Perhaps. On the other hand though, it would also appear that the reducing volatility in Ethereum is coinciding with the reduction in the growth of downloads. Could it be that less volatility, leads to less headlines, that in turn leads to less people reached? And what would happen to downloads in case we saw an uptick in ETH’s price? Loose-ends No particular category they slot under, but still important to consider. Node dispersion Source: Etherscan The plots above show (i) the geographical dispersion of nodes and (ii) the segregation of nodes across client and OS. The large majority of the Ethereum network’s nodes are found in the US — and it appears so by some difference from the second highest concentration (China), while Geth is by far the most popular client type (over 75% of nodes), with Web 3’s Parity coming in second (~12% of nodes). Also worth noting that there are over , which is ~18% more than in Ethereum. 9600 nodes running Bitcoin Staking yield comparison Source: stakingrewards.com The transition from PoW to PoS, implies that ETH holders will be able to stake their ETH (min requirement: 32 ETH) and earn validator’s rewards — which should make the network more decentralized and robust. That said however, Ethereum will arrive to the staking party quite late, AND with below average staking yield. Even yet, some money is always better than no money, and for long term ETH believers and would-be believers, this is an interesting incentive that could sway parties to increase their allocations. Parting thoughts Mixed feelings here. On the one hand, the technical indicators point to room for short-to-medium term upwards price mobility, while development activity stands in support of that. On the other hand however, various on-chain metrics highlight that the scalability issue is a very real one and that the network is currently operating very close to capacity. There are two opposing dynamics at play here; (i) a substitution of speculative value with fundamental value (price positive) that is, however, taking place at (ii) a network capacity constraint (price negative via gas fees etc).Here are the key takewaways from the preceding analysis: Taking the rise of DeFi as well as the rise in active addresses and reduction in median transaction value of ETH as indicators for fundamental value, along with the drastic reduction in new issuances (ICOs), one can argue for a substitution effect between low quality, speculative value, with high-quality fundamental value. Combined with the recent reduction in the inflation schedule and the upcoming one in 2020, along with recent long time holding liquidations, implies that we likely found a bottom and this gives Ethereum some nice headway for price appreciation. The reshuffling of hash-power towards a more balanced distribution, along with the upcoming PoS incentives, points to a more secure network long-term. Developer activity is as healthy as ever. That said, in the last couple of months we are seeing signs of the activity slowing down. Perhaps a sharp(ish) rise in price, will create the necessary uptick here (cc: reflexivity). There are strong indications that the network is operating at capacity and demand/supply for network resources is at equilibrium. Should more demand hit the Ethereum network, we will then likely be in an excess demand condition; , this is should be a price positive, but , considering the existing and emergent competition, operating at the current level of capacity is a net negative — as developers pack up for greener pastures, with lower fees and more clarity over the roadmap. short-medium term long term But also, there is this… body[data-twttr-rendered="true"] {background-color: transparent;}.twitter-tweet {margin: auto !important;} Tired of wading through incessant arguments about governance? Check out GSpot, a simple Chrome extension that replaces the word "governance" with the word "assplay." I recommend checking out 's Twitter profile with this extension enabled. @VladZamfir https://t.co/WITMGocmmq — @0xzak function notifyResize(height) {height = height ? height : document.documentElement.offsetHeight; var resized = false; if (window.donkey && donkey.resize) {donkey.resize(height); resized = true;}if (parent && parent._resizeIframe) {var obj = {iframe: window.frameElement, height: height}; parent._resizeIframe(obj); resized = true;}if (window.location && window.location.hash === "#amp=1" && window.parent && window.parent.postMessage) {window.parent.postMessage({sentinel: "amp", type: "embed-size", height: height}, "*");}if (window.webkit && window.webkit.messageHandlers && window.webkit.messageHandlers.resize) {window.webkit.messageHandlers.resize.postMessage(height); resized = true;}return resized;}twttr.events.bind('rendered', function (event) {notifyResize();}); twttr.events.bind('resize', function (event) {notifyResize();});if (parent && parent._resizeIframe) {var maxWidth = parseInt(window.frameElement.getAttribute("width")); if ( 500 < maxWidth) {window.frameElement.setAttribute("width", "500");}}

Ethereum; in a state?

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A blockchain cannot take care of all the information it handles. It should focus on its core capability blockchain and not about providing different data options. As we build more and more applications with blockchain, we need more advanced data to satisfy our use cases. This need for more sparked a new industry of blockchain data. advanced data This industry of providing advanced blockchain data via APIs got fueled by the need for interoperability. Nowadays, there is still not much interoperability between chains. However, interoperability can be reached on the second layer via blockchain API data. Imagine a gambling contract on Ethereum written in . The gambling contract picks a winner who receives a sum of $100 in Bitcoin. Your application first needs the API to detect who has won the raffle. Next, you need to send the payment via the Bitcoin network and monitor if the transaction has completed. All these actions can be provided by a single . Therefore, it’s fair to say APIs are a crucial part to build more applications with blockchain technology. Solidity API data In my opinion, there is not always a need to go 100% trustless. I see many projects opt for a centralized-decentralized strategy. Going 100% trustless makes adoption though to achieve as it adds a lot of unwanted complexity. Furthermore, it’s a natural thing that this whole blockchain has originated. The “gold rush and pickaxes” analogy will clarify this statement. API economy Gold rush and pickaxes: Data economy When a new major technology emerges, entrepreneurs can try to capitalize on the trend by creating new products or create tools to enable new products. A common analogy here is that the people got richer than the ones looking for gold. selling pickaxes Creating a new product is much riskier than providing the tools to support the creation of a new product. Therefore, providing blockchain APIs is a natural thing to occur from the blockchain trend. On the other hand, it’s also a necessary thing to happen to spark innovation and create better products. To get back to the gold rush analogy. The ones selling pickaxes started to improve tools, innovating the gold mining industry. Let’s hope blockchain APIs can make the difference to reach larger adoption. These APIs provide the ability to any product to implement blockchain payments or any other smart contract functionality through an API. In short, blockchain APIs definitely lower the barrier for implementing blockchain functionality as an API is a well-known piece of technology. data Next, this article will introduce you to four different blockchain APIs and highlight their core functionalities. Every provider has a unique selling point as they leverage the data in a certain way not provided by the underlying blockchain. Let’s take a look at the comparison of blockchain APIs. Blockchain Data API Providers Here’s an overview of blockchain-related data APIs covering a wide-range of features for developers or entrepreneurs to build products with. Note: I do not have a vested interest in the below companies. Blox API Blox.io is one of the most well-known . The tool comes with a focus on cryptocurrency accounting, tracking, and management. Blox.io automatically tracks and syncs with a large number of wallets and exchange accounts. These wallets are monitored for changes so updates can be automatically fetched. blockchain API solutions The main functionality comes from the tracking the tool is capable of. First of all, Blox’s API allows your organization to build up an audit trail and export all transactional data to CSV files. Moreover, Blox allows your organization to generate financial reports. Also, Blox has spent some efforts on security as well. It comes with the ability to define roles for different users. You can define read, write, or both roles to users. Lastly, the tool is designed for: Asset managers Accounting firms Crypto companies Blockchain protocols VC’s Next, let’s take a look at Blockchain.com. Blockchain.com API is the next API on our list. It’s important to know that Blockchain.com mostly focuses on actions related to Bitcoin. The selling point here is that websites can accept Bitcoin payments for their goods and services. Therefore, blockchain.com offers an easy to use API for receiving Bitcoin payments. Blockchain.com In addition, it’s also worth mentioning you can connect with websockets to open up a low latency streaming channel which provides you with data on new blocks and transactions. This is ideal for websites that rely on real-time blockchain data. Coinbase Besides being an exchange, tries to attract more money to the platform by offering a trading API. The Coinbase API allows users to perform standard actions such as purchasing, selling, sending, storing, and receiving Bitcoin, Ether, and Litecoin. In addition, the API provides endpoints to create new wallets for the above-mentioned cryptocurrencies and the ability to retrieve real-time or historical price information. Coinbase The Coinbase API is great for creating trading bots or any automated activity. However, it’s not great for performing arbitrage trading. You are limited to only one exchange and the data this exchange hosts. BlockCypher offers a to fetch different types of data: BlockCypher wide range of APIs Address API: Query information about addresses, generate new addresses, and generate multisig addresses from public keys. Transaction API: Information about transactions and how to send them. Events and Hooks: Interesting feature where you can subscribe for a wide variety of events on blockchains made available through webhooks or websockets. The nice thing about BlockCypher’s solution is that it doesn’t store your private keys. However, for large value transactions, the API requires you to sign these transactions locally which can increase the complexity when developing applications on top of BlockCypher’s API. Still, it’s a nice feature to increase trust. To conclude, many different formats of data can be found among the data providers. Some prefer to focus on a specific coin whereas some focus on a particular use case such as trading bot development. It’s fair to say that the availability of all these blockchain APIs can spark the interest in blockchain and encourage entrepreneurs to build new applications with blockchain technology.

How Important is the API Economy for Blockchain Application Development?

The pursuit of calculating cost basis for cryptocurrency is one that has been hindered by obstacles from three separate external factors; a gap in guidance for crypto regulation; a lack of legally approved best practices for crypto accounting and taxation; and smart technology to automate and increase accuracy and remove human error out of cost basis results. To help the crypto community, tax professionals and to keep the world informed on how to calculate cryptocurrency cost basis, here are the most important questions and answers that crypto owners must know. What is the difference between traditional and crypto cost basis? Cost basis is a traditional accounting term that refers to the purchase price + fees + other associated purchase costs. The core of “basis” is the same for cryptocurrency cost as it is for traditional cost basis for calculating gains & losses. Essentially, anyone and everyone that makes a profit is expected to pay annual taxes on capital gains. Traditionally, when calculating gains and losses, professionals will rely on general ledger software such as Quickbooks, accompanied by spreadsheets, calculators and lots of manual data entry and calculations. Additionally, traditional cost basis has clear regulations for tax obligations and compliance, while also having a more understandable financial ecosystem. This makes calculations more simple and predictable to calculate. To describe crypto cost basis more easily, if Jack purchased a Bitcoin in 2015 for , the basis on that Bitcoin is . If Jack sold his Bitcoin one-year later for , he would owe taxes based on his gains of . (Fees & other difficult factors are removed for this example) $400 $400 $2000 $1600 Jack’s Original Purchase 2015:	$400 Jack’s Basis with Fees 2016: 	        $400 Jack’s Sale Price of Bitcoin:	        $2000 Jack’s Taxable Gains:		        $1600 For calculating cryptocurrency cost basis, the process becomes far more complex. There are thousands of different types of cryptocurrencies that operate in different ways. Crypto also contains far more variables such as gas fees for fueling transactions within a crypto network, exchange or transfer fees, mining profits, soft and hard forks, airdrops and dozens of intricate taxable nuances. It's simple to see that crypto can be far more perplexing. Why is cost basis important to me? Cost basis is used to calculate a company or investors total gains or losses on an annual basis, usually for auditing or tax purposes. In the U.S, the government requests and requires all holders of cryptocurrencies to disclose their entire financial portfolio and have it reported annually for capital gain taxes. For the IRS to properly audit and assess an investor or businesses financials, they will require a complete overview of asset and transaction history to understand how much or how little a company or individual earned in crypto annually, By effectively and accurately reporting cryptocurrency holdings, gains or losses, in adherence to the tax obligations issued by the IRS, cryptocurrency investors that report their earnings not only remain legally safe, but can also see exemptions and other possible benefits of reporting promptly and properly. What happens if I don’t calculate or report my crypto cost basis? While the regulation and legal framework are still being built, the consequences of neglecting to disclose a complete history of a digital asset portfolio can be punished by the federal tax arm of the government, the Internal Revenue Service. It is essential for cryptocurrency owners, investors, businesses and any operations that transacts with crypto to report and pay their annual taxation requirements. New tax forms now officially include sections to disclose your cryptocurrency earnings for the year. While the issue of disclosing personal crypto portfolio information has been disputed by many in the crypto community, this is an official law approved by the American federal government, making it unequivocally legal and enforceable. There is destined to be edge cases where no legal framework exists, such as if an exchange is defunct and investors lost access to their transaction history. Every case is different, but reporting honestly and proactively, as well as staying informed is the best way to stay on the right side of the law. How do I calculate my crypto cost basis? Calculating cost basis for crypto is exceptionally difficult due to the secure nature and wild web of complex transactions and taxable financial events. is by noting down all wallets, exchanges, accounts and portfolios to ensure investors have the full picture of their crypto portfolio. The best place to start Investors and businesses alike may rely on third party accounting services to help calculate crypto cost basis, while small investors will look for software and more feasible solutions. It is not recommended to manually calculate cost basis due to the extreme complexities of transaction activity and the behavior of the ecosystem. Moreover, calculating gains and losses on 100 transactions manually can take hundreds of hours, pouring over spreadsheets, documents and hoping for an accurate result. Unless your are a well-trained finance professionals, leveraging technology, or accounting firms is usually the safest best for investors and businesses. Are there tools to help me calculate my crypto gains and losses? For investors and businesses of any size, there are of calculating cryptocurrency gains and losses easily. Blox, a leading platform for crypto accounting, tax and asset management has developed the industry’s first automated and accurate technological solutions capable cryptocurrency cost basis tool. Other software of startups such as TokenTax exist with the goal of helping crypto businesses and investors with the day-to-day and back office software solutions for managing their crypto or calculating gains and losses. Tech and software can work together to help keep investors and professionals more organized and connected to their crypto with full control and management of assets. It is always important to investigate the right platform for each business and individuals, and leveraging technology on a day-to-day basis. This will ultimately help to keep track, organize and prepare for tax season, auditing, financial accounting and other tax obligations. What is next for cost basis? The dominance of bitcoin, despite its epic price fluctuations, has made it more important than ever, to begin calculating gains and losses for investors, businesses and institutions. In the eyes of the IRS, anyone and everyone is entitled and liable to pay taxes on crypto earnings. The evolving landscape of crypto taxation is slowly changing everyday, and creating new rules and regulations for how to calculate gains and losses and navigate the financial world of cryptocurrencies. For businesses, they may already have an internal finance team, or hire external accounting firms to handle bookkeeping and taxation. But for small individual investors, they must rely on more localized and cost effective means for calculating cost basis. Regardless, businesses and investors of all shapes, sizes and networth are all governed by the same tax laws. ( : ) Disclaimer The Author is a co-Founder at Blox.io

Questions On Crypto Cost Basis That You Need to Ask

For me, this talk is the center of my work and finally captures what I’ve been trying to say for half a decade. When the sharing economy faded into the background to become more of an opportunity for venture capitalists than human beings, I started looking at structural an financial models to integrate sharing into the economy itself. The Future of Blockchain covers the following (in under 10 minutes!): - How the sharing economy changed- Ways we can integrate sharing- The nature of our value extractive economy- Blockchain as a technology and philosophical revolution- Practical ways blockchain will impact individuals & society- The opportunity to program the future with our values Transcript: I wrote a book on sharing, the sharing economy, but within a few weeks of the release of It’s a Shareable Life, I felt like I had to abandon everything I’d been working for. The sharing economy had changed. Everywhere I looked, I saw labor exploitation, workers making less than minimum wage without protections, and, ultimately, the thing that bothered me the most is that these companies, like Airbnb and Uber, had massive valuations off the backs of other people’s time and resources, like their cars and their homes. To further this point, Airbnb did in four years what it took Hilton to do in nearly 100. Why? It’s other people’s homes, their apartments, and their spare bedrooms. I had to ask myself, is this really sharing? Is this as good as we can do? I have to tell you, I started on this whole adventure because I found more meaningful human relationships through these interactions than in regular transactions. I felt like maybe giving and receiving weren’t so different and that we could exchange value maybe without money in the future, but, once again, efficiency replaced human connection, and even the sharing economy got replaced by a new term, on-demand, the on-demand economy. I started to ask a different question. How might we integrate sharing into the very fabric of the economy itself? Before you start thinking, “That sounds socialist,” please understand that I believe human beings can be both selfish and selfless, and I believe we’re evolving towards a greater state of cooperation. Let’s zoom out a little bit. Most businesses are extractive, extractive of human labor or of the planet’s resources, labor, like markup on hourly time, or of the Earth’s resources, like water, precious metals, or wood used to make products. At this point, I started to think about, in the ways that we could integrate sharing, like platform cooperatives or equity crowdfunding, as potential models, but these were slow and legally complicated, and nothing seemed to click, that is until blockchain. I see blockchain as both a philosophical opening of how we can rearrange society as much as it is a technology. What is blockchain? Blockchain is a digital ledger in the sky, supported by computers and algorithms, that prove that something actually happened. That something being an agreement or a record or a transaction. This is a digital living document of collective truth. Things like medical records and legal agreements could live there because it’s both anonymous and private. People always ask me, “So what’s so great about blockchain? What does it enable that we can’t already do?” I tell them, “Blockchain gives us two things.” One, programmable money. On top of blockchain, there’s this really smart technology called clever technology, called small contracts, and smart contracts enable us to incentivize what people do, when they do it, and how. What if, tonight, we wanted to incentivize you all to take the bus? Well, first of all, you could transact without paying any fees. Secondly, maybe you get a $5 refund when you swiped in on a bus. Third, the driver, themselves, might actually get a kickback for bringing a full bus of people here. Second, blockchain gives us the opportunity to dream again, to rethink transaction, governance, how we agree. This means that monetary incentives can be aligned with planetary ones. Imagine that I’m running a city, a municipality. If I want to incentivize people to take care of the environment, maybe I compensate them for recycling or for creating community gardens, or if I wanted to incentivize them for wellness, perhaps I have them create community dinners in specific neighborhoods. How about a sharing economy example? I have a car in San Francisco, and I want to go to Bangkok, and I need an apartment. Well, with traditional sharing economy platforms, perhaps I put my car on a car sharing platform and I look for a place on Airbnb. With blockchain, I could do a value exchange. I could lend my car to person A, meanwhile staying in person B’s apartment in Bangkok, and perhaps no money would actually have to transfer because they’re equivalent in value. I might not even need to use the platform at all, so no fees. What we’re saying is what the Internet did for eCommerce, blockchain technology builds upon and helps create these beautiful, value-distributed networks. People are playing with that and really creative in interesting ways. Blockchain also makes shared ownership very easy. Remember the Airbnb and Uber example I gave earlier? Well, imagine these companies today built as blockchain companies. Not only would they share a value in the form of long-term ownership, but they would also compensate people for being super hosts and drivers who drive a lot. Imagine a future where instead of owning a car, you own a piece of an autonomous vehicle company, and you have access to a fleet of cars anywhere you are in the world, and imagine that instead of buying Internet from a centralized service provider, that you actually use a mesh network of computers that are all around you and that your refrigerator knows that you need juice before you do and orders that juice via a smart contract, and it doesn’t have to be through Amazon, by the way. Imagine that when you log into any social network or Facebook, that when you create engagement and a new post and you’re actually creating media, that you’re compensated for that. Imagine that, in your job, your time is no longer rented out, and that on top of your hourly wages, perhaps you’re incentivized and compensated for things like referring a new employee or coming up with a great idea that makes the company more profitable. Value can be distributed with blockchain. This reorganizes everything. It means that we can create businesses that operate more like communities and ecosystems and like top-down hierarchical organizations, but this is only one road. What if the future plays out a different way? We already have the 1%. Imagine the 1%, but times 1,000 and more centralization and fewer jobs and more mechanization, and imagine that you’re running around the world doing your thing, speaking, transacting, and that all of those things are recorded, and instead of incentivizing positive behaviors, the behaviors that are incentivized actually limit your self-sovereignty and freedom. We are standing at the precipice of one of the most meaningful opportunities for social change of our time, and, right now, we need to program the underlying operating system and the ethics of blockchain technology. We need to include shared ownership and value distribution into the future, and we need to stop playing catch-up with efficiency, living with technology, through technology, supporting our humanists and connection above all else. We have the opportunity to rewrite the Declaration of Independence in digital form, to rethink policy, to dream again. I encourage and I invite you to invest in this possibility and to learn more about the value-distributed future that could support and serve all of us. If you’d like to learn more, please: Join Blockchain for Good Read about the BCOE Learn about new economy storytelling and our agency , specific to blockchain companies Blox 7

The Future of Blockchain — Bridging the Sharing Economy — a TEDx Talk

With nearly a decade spent considering value and value distribution — many of the people I’m connected to in the sharing and collaborative economy have found a nexus in blockchain. I’ve also met many others from all different industries on the new economy wave — so a list seemed in order. First things first. What’s the new economy? According to Cambridge Dictionary the new economy is “activities based on knowledge and information, rather than traditional industries such as manufacturing.” I’d like to take it a step further in the context of this post… The new economy is the convergence of the hyper growth centric economy and the sharing economy movement leading to horizontal value distribution and the trajectory of greater social equity, aided by technology. The people on this list are community centric, focus on new types of organizations, value sharing, shared ownership, regenerative currencies, environmental incentives, and better human relationships through reframing our economic systems and promoting interdependence. I would like to give special attention and exposure to this group because these people are driving a new narrative and spreading a new consciousness around how we do business. These new economy leaders are as are radical as they are activated — and I’d like their stories to be broadcasted as wide as possible. To that end, I bring you the top 32 blockchain leaders (in no particular order), revolutionizing how we do business now and in the future. 1. Primavera De Filippi, DAOstack Primavera De Filippi, the co-author of Blockchain and the Law, an advisor for DAOStack, a faculty associate at Harvard’s Berkman-Klein Center, and a permanent researcher at Paris’ National Center of Scientific Research. Latest work: Blockchain and the Code of Law | LinkedIn Twitter 2. Andrew Hyde, Origin Andrew Hyde was the founder of four startups, including Startup Weekend, and has built global communities across dozens of countries. He was employee number 1 at TechStars. Celiac. Coffee shop owner. Tall. Travel. Wordy. Latest work: This Book is About Travel: A Modern Manual — 15 Countries With 15 Things | LinkedIn Twitter 3. Anu Bhardwaj, Women Investing , Sheqwallet Founder of Women INVESTING in Women DIGITAL, the world’s largest digital media platform focused on Women & Investing with a special focus on Blockchain. Launched in December 2014, Women Investing in Women Digital includes over 1,000,000+ FB followers and is linked to QRYPTO QUEENS; The State of Women Radio & TV Network, and the WIIW Global Summit & Women in Private Equity Roundtable Series, which took place in New York City, Stockholm, Johannesburg, San Diego, Scottsdale, Muscat, Singapore, Phoenix, Vienna, Los Angeles & Ankara. Latest work: Founder of Women INVESTING in Women: building a global community of engaged champions for advancing the status of women and girls | LinkedIn Twitter 4. Liron Arzi, Utopi.io Liron Arzi has over 20 years experience in film, television, music, multimedia, business development, corporate sponsorship and consulting. He’s worked with Warner Brothers in Asia and with MGM to finance and distribute major films. Currently, he’s the founder of Utopi a blockchain technology company that changes the face of philanthropy through indie livestreaming. Latest work: GUEST: Liron Artzi, CEO at Utopi.io Twitter:N/A LinkedIn 5. Kjerstin Erickson, Abundance Labs KJ is the CEO & Co-Founder of Public Market — a fair and transparent online marketplace built on the Ethereum blockchain. A graduate of Stanford University and Oxford Business School, KJ is trained in economics and game theory and is passionate about building consumer-facing web products and marketplaces backed by alternative currencies. Latest work: Liberating eCommerce: Public Market & the New Commercial Commons | LinkedIn Twitter 6. Ben Bartlett, City of Berkeley Candidate for CA Assembly District 15. Berkeley City Council Member. Environmental lawyer uniting industry and government to address climate change, create housing for the homeless, alleviate poverty with green jobs and expand opportunity for everyone. Latest work: Why do cities what their own cryptocurrencies? | LinkedIn Twitter 7. Chelsea Rustrum, Blockchain for Good , Blox 7 Chelsea wrote a book on sharing titled . This led her to question value — what is it and how might we distribute it better? And could we exchange completely without money? As a community builder, speaker, and author, she took her ideas on the road — fusing equity crowdfunding, cooperative business models, and blockchain together to make sense of how to integrate sharing into the fabric of the economy itself. Today, she runs an organization that supports social good within the blockchain community, including a and co-founded a new economy storytelling agency for marketing and advising of token raises, . It’s a Shareable Life Blockchain Code of Ethics Blox 7 Latest work: Why I’m advising ShareRing — A Portable Token for the Future of the Sharing Economy | LinkedIn Twitter 8. David Passiak, Blox 7 David Passiak is a keynote speaker, innovator, futurist, and author of three books — Empower, Disruption Revolution, and Red Bull to Buddha. A former religion scholar who did Ph.D. studies at Princeton on “Great Awakenings,” his work focuses on building movements, co-creation, crowd-based innovation, and emerging business models that will reshape the global economy. Today he runs , a new economy storytelling agency for ICOs and continues to do thought leadership co-creation and the new economy. Blox 7 Latest work: Empower: How to Co-Create the Future | LinkedIn Twitter 9. Alex Voto, Consensys Alessandro Voto is a West Coast Regional Director for Consensys, a Brooklyn-based blockchain technology venture studio, and a Research Affiliate at the Institute for the Future, a Bay Area non-profit futures think tank. He also deeply cares about the future ethics and framing of blockchain technology and does educational talks and workshops to teach people how to think about blockchain in a cooperative business sense. Latest work: https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/931323377008046080 | LinkedIn Twitter 10. Faris Oweis, Digital Town Faris is a storyteller, strategist, and a natural connector of ideas, concepts, and people who has taken a diverse path geographically and professionally. After working in the corporate-cubicle world for many years, and watching a life-changing TED Talk, Faris found himself in an unfamiliar place and this was one of the biggest gifts he could ever receive. He’s been a leader in the smart cities movement for years and currently joined to put smart cities on the blockchain. He’s also one of the most articulate speakers when it comes to explaining the intersection between the business case for social change and the fundamental necessity of moving toward a more cooperative society. Digital Town Latest work: New Jersey Tourism Industry Association Partners With DigitalTown for Smart Tourism | LinkedIn Twitter 11. Vicki Rox, Love Coin Explorer of what it means to be a man today. Asker of questions to strangers. Curator of a global men’s dinner salon series. Adventurer into the unknown. Writer of thoughts. Speaker of insights. Appreciator of creative genius within all humans. Latest work: Vicki Rox on Vimeo | LinkedIn Twitter 12. Kendrick Nguyen, Republic Hustling 24/7 at Republic with a committed team to make startup investing — both crypto and equity — more accessible to main street. the founding adviser of CoinList, an ICO platform, and of NOW, a venture capital platform led by Shiza Shahid, who co-founded the Malala Fund with Nobel Laureate Malala Yousafzai. My prior business experience focused on fundraising, ops, product strategy and investment — most recently at AngelList. Latest work: Equity Crowdfunding Brings Greater Equity To Funding | LinkedIn Twitter 13. Daisy Ozim, Blockchain for Social Justice Dee is centered in developing systems and practices rooted in sustainability and equity. Ive had the honor of working on health programs and policy from the international to local level, have developed a successful social enterprise, working to promote equity in the Blockchain ecosystem and supporting the correct application of venture capital. Latest work: Force Behind Resilient Wellness! | LinkedIn Twitter 14. Anastasia Miron, Consultant Anastasia is Moldovan-born, Italy-raised, United States-seasoned social entrepreneur, innovation evangelist and consultant. Known for my contagious energy and can-do attitude, I’m passionate about challenging the status quo by empowering underprivileged people and communities. As Co-Founder of GlobeIn and TEKEDU, I worked to improve technological access and literacy to increase opportunity in today’s increasingly digital marketplaces. As Founder of Child Proof Yourself, my current interest lies in leveraging VR and AR to address human centered problems like parenting and provide new approaches to prevent stress and anxiety in children, through immersive experiences that create awareness and triggers empathy. Latest work: TEKWILL VISIONARY CLUB | Twitter: LinkedIn 15. Neal Gorenflo, Shareable Neal Gorenflo is the co-founder and Executive Director of Shareable, an award-winning nonprofit news outlet and global action network that reports on the latest innovations resource sharing, solidarity economy, sharing cities, and the blockchain. He’s a speaker, author, and consultant on Shareable’s coverage areas. He’s the editor of multiple books including Shareable’s latest, “ ” As a recognized sharing movement pioneer, he advises leaders around the world on how to meet their goals through sharing. This has included work with Seoul Metropolitan Government, the city of San Francisco, and the Sharing Economy Association of Japan. Not surprisingly, Neal is an avid sharer whose year of sharing life experiment was covered by FastCompany, Sunset, and 7x7 magazines. As a social entrepreneur, Neal’s timely call to action is simple and systemic: let’s share! Sharing Cities: Activating the Urban Commons. Latest work: Activating Urban Commons | LinkedIn Twitter 16. Scott Morris, Qoin , Ithacash Scott Morris is the Founder and CEO of Ithacash. Also, a Thinks in Solutions & Systems; Community Currency Expert; Impact Entrepreneur; Latest work: How “Complementary Currencies” Support Vibrant Local Economies | LinkedIn Twitter 17. Raman Frey, Dispatch Labs Raman is founder of Good People Dinners, a San Francisco based community that fosters trust and friendship through food, drink and conversation. Over one hundred-fifty gatherings, dinners, overnights and retreats, have occurred at private homes and other venues in the Bay Area and Nevada, with professional chefs and speakers on a wide range of topics. Latest work: Hyper-Capitalism or a World Without Need | LinkedIn Twitter 18. David Sneider, Deconet David is the CEO of Deco.network and its goal is to engage with digital knowledge economy faster, cheaper and easier by enabling creators to capture more of the value they create. Latest work: Decentralized marketplaces and how your business can capitalize on the Future of Work 2.0 | LinkedIn Twitter 19. Taynaah Reis, Moeda Miss Reis is a self-taught Software Engineering who began her programming activities at just 12 years old. Miss Reis is the Founder and CEO of Moeda, that is using blockchain technology to revolutionize microfinance. Moeda is a marketplace that allows peer-to-peer payments, microfinancing of digital loans and crowdfunding through fiat-pegged digital tokens, all based on blockchain technology. Latest work: Moeda to Announce Selected Seed Projects and Ambassador Program | LinkedIn Twitter 20. Amanda Ravenhill, Buckmister Fuller Institute Ravenhill is an active member of the international community focused on addressing imminent global challenges. She previously held the role of Executive Director of Project Drawdown, a comprehensive plan to reverse global warming. She also serves as advisor to the Center for Carbon Removal and is a member of the steering committee for the Nexus Global Climate Change Working Group. She also sits on the board of , a dedicated ecological ledger and smart contracting framework that opens up new natural capital asset classes to reward ecological regeneration and carbon drawdown into agriculture systems, forests, and oceans. Regen.network Latest work: Amanda Ravenhill (C10) Interview | LinkedIn Twitter 21. Caterina Rindi, Consultant Caterina’s expertise include bitcoin and blockchains education, program and project implementation, community engagement, operations, management and administration, developing partnerships and networking, social media, problem-solving, technology integration, training and mentoring. Strong commitment to underserved communities, and sustainability. Latest work: LAB Radio Episode 7 | LinkedIn Twitter 22. Tony Lai, Legal.io Tony Lai is a lawyer, entrepreneur and evangelist for governance and systems that support access, openness, innovation, engagement and sharing. Tony is the Co-Founder and CEO of Legal.io, a legal technology company providing referral management and legal empowerment systems and solutions for trusted legal organizations, including law firms, bar associations and legal aid networks. Latest work: Flat-Fee Legal Services: an introduction | LinkedIn Twitter 23. Art Brock, Holochain Arthur targets currencies which shape the social dynamics of emerging post-industrial economy. To that end, he created more than a hundred designs for multi-currency systems, and my software company has built and deployed dozens of those systems. My current focus is launching Holochain, an alternative to blockchain for running fully P2P distributed applications. Latest work: Curiosity Talk: Currency Expert Arthur Brock Founder of Holochain & Ceptr | LinkedIn Twitter 24. Dennis Kucinich, Congressman This year marks Dennis 40th year of involvement in civic life. He have served as a member of the Cleveland City Council, as Clerk of the Cleveland Municipal Courts and as Mayor of the City of Cleveland. I have been an Ohio State Senator and am now in my 6th term as a Member of the United States Congress. Having served at local, state and federal levels, in legislative, executive and ‘quasi’ judicial branches I have one of the broadest backgrounds of anyone in government today. Latest work: Kucinich 2020 | LinkedIn Twitter 25. Miko Matsumura, Evercoin Miko Matsumura founded crypto exchange Evercoin, and is a General Partner with Gumi Cryptos Capital. He is also a venture partner with BitBull Capital and an advisor to Arrington XRP Capital. He is an investor in the Pantera Capital ICO Fund (a $100M ICO-only fund). He is personally invested in FileCoin, Brave, CIVIC, Propy, Mainframe and Lyft. As chief Evangelist for the Java Language and Platform he participated in the first wave of the Internet, and is now fully engaged in the crypto-fueled Internet of value. Latest work: Cryptocurrency and blockchain investor gives suggestions to global governments regulating new technologies. | LinkedIn Twitter 26. Susanne Tarkowski Tempelhof, Bitnation Pangea Susanne is an international entrepreneur working primarily in frontier environments, my ambition is to leverage radical technologies and resilient peer-to-peer networks — to create a borderless and voluntary post nation state governance alternative. Latest work: The Beginning of Bitnation | LinkedIn Twitter Steven Nerayoff, Alchemist Steven Nerayoff, Esq. LL.M. is a prolific serial entrepreneur, attorney and inventor of 20 international patents, having founded seven companies in Silicon Valley and New York City. Steven is a blockchain pioneer with his involvement in top projects including: Ethereum, Lisk, Bancor, tZERO, ZenCash, ZCash, Ripio, Aion and Storm. Steven is also the Chairman of the publicly listed company Global Blockchain Technologies (OTCMKTS:BLKCF) (TSXV:BLOC). Latest work: Cryptocurrency value could triple in 2018 | LinkedIn Twitter 28. Brittany Kaiser, DATA Brittany is an international law, diplomacy and data-driven campaigning professional with significant global experience. My work involves developing successful strategies for politicians, governments, and corporations to achieve their goals using cutting edge technology. Currently focused on legislative reform for digital assets such as personal data and tokens on the blockchain. Latest work: Former Cambridge Analytica employee says “there were more” apps that collected user data | LinkedIn Twitter 29. Jamie Klinger, Joatu Jamie Klinger is the Cryptocurrency consultant, an Alt-economist. He is also a basic income activist, the founder of JoatU, poker coach and a photographer. Latest work: The other side of Basic Income: Basic Jobs | LinkedIn Twitter 30. Shermin Voshmgir, Blockchain Hub Shermin is the director of the Research Institute for Crypto Economics at the Vienna University of Economics, and the founder of Blockchain Hub — an international network of autonomous Hubs that promote the idea of blockchain, crypto economics and the decentralized web. She is also advisor of Jolocom, a blockchain based self sovereign identity protocol. In the past, she was a curator of theDAO and on the advisory board of the Estonian e-residency program and was. Latest work: Token Economy: The Future of Money | LinkedIn Twitter 31. David Grossblatt, Founders Dojo David Grossblatt is the founding member of Founder’s Dojo. David contribute to great teams accomplishing great objectives. The Founders Dojo is a collaborative startup studio and community headquartered in San Francisco and global in reach. Over 500 startups, SMBs and Founders have worked in and with the Founders Dojo since 2007. He’s also highly involved with pushing groundbreaking policy through the capital of the State of California to create a foundation for the legality of blockchain technology now and in the future. Latest work: Blockchain Coalition Takes on Sacramento | LinkedIn Twitter 32. Tim Bos, ShareRing Tim has over 19 years’ experience working with start-ups and established enterprises with a focus on technology. Tim Bos also established his first start-up, bioWatch Australia in July 2004, with the purpose of building a software framework for tracking valuable assets around the globe. He sold the company to Procon MRM in the USA in 2008. He also co-founded the digital asset sharing economy company Keaz which has a fleet of cars in operation in hundreds of locations. Most recently, Tim co-founded ShareRing, a blockchain based company that’s focused on changing the landscape of the fragmented sharing economy. Latest work: Sharering.Network Interview CEO Tim Bos — The Sharing Economy Review | LinkedIn Twitter If you know someone who should be on this list, please comment on this post!

32 New Economy Leaders, Pushing the Blockchain Revolution

Building production ready prototypes For last few years I have experimented with creation of UI implementation that would give me more relation to more advanced process and data management in backend and also improve needs and logic relation in what we are building. business My job being designing and developing both ends, being able to relate back end to front end fully, or almost 1–1, means a lot (if not everything). At the end, what came as a bonus of this solution concept is quick prototyping with prototypes which can be reused in building real thing, and ability to easier provide business with ability to AB test, switch features, redesign and implement something ad-hoc. Problem Looking at what most of UI implementations looked 2–4 years ago, we have seen no progress in understanding the core issue… There were better and better tools, giving us more automation or simplicity or covering more compatibility cases, but none gave us free simplification and ability to have lowest common denominator in terms of building blocks of front end features. There was (and mostly still is) always single point of convergence for every aspect of UI — CSS,HTML and JS… Of course, there is a folder with all the CSS/SCSS/LESS (maybe finely separated and BEM organized and that, but still separated from all other stuff), folder where we keep all the templates and folder where we keep all our JS. At some point it all gets meshed up together and gets merged and minified. With new tools and approaches, JS went furthest to provide context of relation between the pieces, but html stayed in loosely coupled templates or separately written stuff and CSS was always global… until recently new tools provided us with a way to do it little better. So, we mostly had separation of technologies in our UIs, not separation of concerns. Even when ReactJS came as a bearer of hope for real separation of UI modules, there were stuff missing, mostly conceptually. 2–3 years ago, I started building new UI stack around React and webpack, with the idea of designing something to fit modern development and general computer science standards. I was designing it to be UI piece of NodeJS driven system I was building for Vast.com I worked for at that time. I have built hive-like platform that hosts several applications of the same purpose using only one NodeJS server but with different visual and functional features that can be turned on and off . I needed ui to support this high level of resource sharing, customizability and general control over features and all that with high reuse factor. I wanted to have isolated pieces, easy replaceable, replicable and sharable blocks that I could build, kick around, mess with and discard … and not care. Also, was more and more interested, and worked on micro services based backends with CQRS + event sourcing as dominant concepts and idea was to make it all in-line philosophy-wise. Pursue for a solution I am going to make sure to provide you with concepts and ideas of particular solutions, not with best practices in creating them… I am also going to give you rough review of options to use in achieving it as well. Wishlist: Self sufficient UI module — containing look and feel and logic. It would also be good that it is safe from mess potentially coming from the outside. Good separation of styles, DOM and interactions/applicative stuff inside module Ability to utilize global data handling as in line with CQRS principles as possible Ability to write it in most up to date syntax in JS and CSS Ability to always have highly customizable build with some (NodeJS) API that can provide us with dynamic builds and server side rendering. Live reload/HMR feature Give as much as possible portable code (for Native in this case) React Evolution through practical application Here is where I got so far as a result of applying and reiterating for last 2+ years on multiple projects of various sizes. Stuff I am going to show here are one of the factors of success my teams had in delivering various apps and features in different technologies (in the backend) in recent years. Approach In any engineering job it is important that you know what your parts are and how they come together… Modules and assemblies and little bits and pieces that make the whole… I do not have spectacular new component categorization for you nor I got new hype train for you to jump on — I got polished UI modules concept I wanna share. Enter UI modules React’s two basic parts are JS logic (which is mostly pure JS) and virtual DOM (which is, basically, very sophisticated data-driven HTML engine) . Looking from traditional web dev perspective, these are JS and HTML of your new app… you just need the CSS to complete the circle. So, here is what I came up with as an optimal solution: Here is your footer component. Ideally, It should hold all things footer in it — HTML, JS(if any) and CSS. So, the is convergence point and it includes as a render (DOM) component, then uses to apply footer specific styles. Here is what the code looks like in practice: index.js footer.jsx footer.jsx footer.css React 'react'; import from DOM './footer.jsx'; import from Footer React.Component { export default class extends constructor(props) {

    **super**(props);

    **this**.view = DOM;  
}

render() {

    **return** this.view();

} } I do agree that this should be stateless component, but this is for example purposes, so imagine that it has more “meat”. And here is your JSX: React 'react'; import from styles './footer.css'; import from Logo '../logo'; import from function() { export default **return** (

    <footer className={styles.container}>

        <Logo />

        <h1 className={styles.title} >This is footer!</h1>

        <div className={styles.allRights}>

            © 2017 Tessier-Ashpool All rights reserved

        </div>

    </footer>); } and CSS: .container {margin: 30px auto;width: 97%;lost-utility: clearfix;}.title {margin: 20px auto;} .allRights {clear: both;display: block;padding-top: 65px;font-size: 16px;padding-left: 10px;} Here is what makes this concept shine. As you can see, your JSX is well separated outside of JS, and can even be programmatically loaded depending on a use case (for AB testing purposes for example), same goes for CSS. It is all well separated from outside world as well which means full control of internal styles, and their naming. Every component can have its , etc class since CSS Modules are providing us with good specificity providing mechanism. .container .title This is what you get as an output for footer opening html tag: <div class=" "> footer__container___1gSYe mean that each of your modules (css files) that get into this system (every css file related to specific ui module), gets parsed in a way that every class gets a name build from its file name, class name and hashed combination of these — getting to, for example .[filename]__[class name]_[first 5 chars of hash], you can configure it how ever you want. This is why every class is called like . CSS Modules style.[class name] When done like this, you have full comfort of logical verboseness when writing your modules and when it gets built, it is delivered to the browser in form that provides infinite specificity for your css. You can, of course, do styles, by just wrapping something in . general/global :global{} In the example above you can se how easy these modules fit together, since there is logo module loaded in footer… but that is out-of-the-box react thing, and that is beauty of it. Webpacking In this stack, like any other modern JS stack, there is build system, and in this case in particular it is Webpack. Looking at what it does, Webpack is not just a build system, it is providing us with easy implementation of some core concepts of solutions described here and carries some bonuses with it. I’ll just highlight three things — , and handling of **require** and **import** building css HMR. Handling of imports Webpack has concept of loaders, each file included anywhere where webpack gets (require, import, url() in CSS…) has to have handler defined for its filetype (based of extension or name — it is handled by regex), so you can manipulate content pretty well, including inlining images under some size and such. Parsing CSS Take a look at mentioned loader setup for CSS that provides us with CSS modules: { **test**: /\\.css$/,

**use**:\[{

    **loader**: 'style-loader'

   },

   {

    **loader**: 'css-loader',

    **options**: {

        **modules**:true,

        **importLoaders**: 1,

        **localIdentName**: '\[name\]\_\_\[local\]\_\_\_\[hash:base64:5\]'

     }  
   },

   {

     **loader**: 'postcss-loader'

   }

\] } Any tutorial for technologies used is out of the scope of this article, but I think that above is providing good illustration on how good webpack api is, and how easy it is to implement this advanced thing. This is how css gets parsed and how gets registry of classes into style variable. becomes … import style from 'some.css' style {container: 'footer__container__Y56cF'} There is another benefit of this approach, and that is . I know you can find tons of uses for this and it deserves article of its own so I will work on it and provide a link here when done. ability of multi-style and multi-dom UI modules with dynamical swap between different variations HMR — hot module replacement HMR is another great development feature that just plain makes your life easier and likable again… Instead of reloading whole page, it swaps piece of code that changed in your memory, making everything react to change you made in code almost instantly... like magic. Bonus — NodeJS API Webpack provides NodeJS API which allows us to rebuild on the fly, serving JS files dynamically. I used it to compile couple variations of my js code on the fly and store it in , this code was then served through single API endpoint picked by some criteria (it can be localization for instance). memory-fs This also allowed me better control when I was building delivery system for complex search widgets that were getting delivered to partner site (this was also quite easy with ui modules built like this). Additionally, I was able to implement awesome debug features utilizing this. Data Web apps love data, and you love data, everything s connected by the data, we need data and we need it available everywhere… That is why we have internet and smart phones. On the other hand our app needs data provider as well, and smart one, one of a kind that will give us the most flexibility. — everything should be decoupled, which, in this case, for me means event driven workflow and it all should receive data through subscription, which means that moving stuff around or removing it entirely would not cause breaks or need to change anything. This is the last, but not the least important piece of this concept When you take something out event listeners just stop receiving dispatched events and there is no one looking at the data, but in general it is all fine. This part is rough overview of features and abilities, not in any way designed to teach you much about how redux works and how you should use it in our app. That is what code examples provided at the end are for. disclaimer: Redux, what else MobX, Relay and GraphQL, Jumpsuite(altho it is redux tbh), Flux, RxJS, ReactJS’s own state, they are all good choices… When I started building this, first version was using ReactJS state for data store, and it worked out perfectly. Then I upgraded to Redux. Obviously, the most popular option is Redux, altho being known for its tiresome nature, it wins on brood force of great set of features… and social marketing. Just kidding, I think its documentation, support and presence are unparalleled, except by react itself… and community is managed great. In short, Redux is my data container. They define it as predictable state container, which means that it has events and data (which is meant to be your app’s state) and that events mostly transmit and influence data, but data is all at the same place, in one big blob and little pieces of that blob are related to parts of your app and get changed by methods that are called reducers and are connected to events and a blob is not actually a blob, but na observable or something similar… you can subscribe to its changes, or, more precisely, your app can. You probably understand enough to know that there are reducers that are in charge of setting data, that data is in one central place and that it is all event/action driven, which is enough to read this. You have to know that reducers are pure functions and, yes, it is exactly like event sourcing with short term memory. Redux is in charge of all the data app contains, it’s data container is provided to the app using react-redux provider that wraps the whole app… In this case app is represented by router which is main entry point for the app. Store is redux store: const App = ({ }) => (<Provider store={ }><Router history={ hashHistory }><Route path="/" component={ HomePage }></Route><Route path="/docs" component={ DocPage }></Route><Route path="/examples" component={ ExmplPage }></Route></Router></Provider>); store store Redux store is built from reducers and middlewares using redux’s createStore() method that just combines any number of these together to form data store. let store = createStore(appDataReducers,applyMiddleware(sagaMiddleware)); As you can see apart form reducers, I use redux-saga middleware to handle async stuff. Data usage General rule of a thumb here is that every module has its reducer and that modules that need async actions (data fetches mostly) also have their own separated sagas that are triggered by related actions. Our modules are each subscribed to their specific data endpoint in the store (that is handled by its reducer), so data flow is complete. Stack View and glue — React ReactJS is used to build views and contain modules, its virtual-dom + reactive state combination is unrivaled compared to any out of the box solutions. It provides nice API, is battle tested, community supported and has great documentation… A JavaScript library for building user interfacesfacebook.github.io - React A JavaScript library for building user interfaces Style — PostCSS + CSS Modules PostCss is swiss army knife of styles, preprocessors and browser compatibility. It is collection of JS libraries that manipulate CSS and allow you to build your own CSS preprocessor from little functionality modules. From and nice to future CSS specification syntax etc. It can be set to perform any set of CSS tasks for you (like pinging and figuring out your set of prefixes you need) and you can make its syntax as rich as you want (manually pick features like nesting, imports, mixins, etc). PostCSS is a must for any future web UI project. autoprefixer simple and super efficient grid system caniuse _Transform CSS with the power of JavaScript. Auto-prefixing, future CSS syntaxes, modules, linting and more are possible…_postcss.org PostCSS - a tool for transforming CSS with JavaScript CSS Modules are like primer for styling, the hard base to which we apply all the nice stuff — it will improve your BEM to undreamed maximum height of unlimited specificity and give you as much developer experience improvement. _Documentation about css-modules_github.com css-modules/css-modules Knowledge — React + saga All the truth is out there sometimes, but in this case it is all in the global event driven state container, Redux, giving us easy and well controlled access to all the data app has and all the data app needs. _If you're coming from Flux, there is a single important difference you need to understand. Redux doesn't have a…_redux.js.org Read Me · Redux To be able to fully follow reactive — event sourcing CQRSish architecture that we want to use everywhere these days, we have to complement Redux event controlled state store with something to handle sagas (or in common tongue translation — anything that lasts more then “done immediately”), which are mostly ajax calls in this kind of apps. For this, I recommend redux-saga: _Join the chat at https://gitter.im/yelouafi/redux-saga npm version CDNJSOpenCollective OpenCollective_redux-saga.js.org Read Me | redux-saga Webpack — packing stuff up Packaging and transpiling is done through Webpack, and the most exciting pieces in this solution are highly dependent on webpack’s great seamlessness in implementing complex ways stuff is loaded and parsed: _webpack is a module bundler. Its main purpose is to bundle JavaScript files for usage in a browser, yet it is also…_webpack.js.org webpack Other pieces great client side router, project had some problems around year hand half ago, but now they are again at the top. React router — — Great AJAX library — I plan to use fetch api from now on, but for now it turned out to be great.. Axios test test test, test everywhere. Facebook vastly improved their web testing framework giving it speed, more power, integrated code coverage reporting and making it another piece of their web+mobile stack that helps you write all the apps. Jest — Recently Last couple months, this stack is being used in few new apps coming to internet near you over the course of this year (even next couple weeks). It has been further tested on crazy use cases and has proven to provide high level of efficiency/reusability when building React Native app based of it. My wishlist seems to be all checked. Code example — repo For more context (or just some reading material), here is the repo containing boilerpate for UI development using this approach: _quantum-blox - Quantum blox - modular UI boilerplate in react_github.com metaphorical/quantum-blox I have tons of stuff going on in there, and will write additional articles about some of them, but it is mostly useful to see how described stack looks at the present moment after seeing decent amount of battles and even more coffee. Repo itself is rather a playground, but with some docs and comments. I am making sure that it is all well documented so who ever wants can go in and see if what is there can help you as much it helped me. If you are ready to take it and cleanup the shell reusing patterns it is even ready to be used in any serious project. Apart from discussed above it has in it solutions for: Production and development builds Testing Coverage reports Build analytics Serving app in simple web server Checking for updates is how hackers start their afternoons. We’re a part of the family. We are now and happy to opportunities. Hacker Noon @AMI accepting submissions discuss advertising & sponsorship To learn more, , , or simply, read our about page like/message us on Facebook tweet/DM @HackerNoon. If you enjoyed this story, we recommend reading our and . Until next time, don’t take the realities of the world for granted! latest tech stories trending tech stories

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Navigating the Future: Enhancing Bitcoin's Scalability and Sustainability Introduction to Bitcoin's Scalability and Environmental Challenges Bitcoin, the first and most well-known cryptocurrency, has revolutionized the financial world since its inception in 2009. Offering a decentralized, secure, and transparent transaction mechanism, Bitcoin has paved the way for the development of numerous other cryptocurrencies and blockchain projects. However, its journey has not been without challenges. Among the most significant hurdles are scalability and environmental sustainability. The core technology of Bitcoin, the Proof-of-Work (PoW) blockchain, demands extensive computational power, leading to high energy consumption and slow transaction processing times. These limitations have sparked intense debate within the crypto community and hindered Bitcoin's broader adoption, particularly in decentralized applications and social media platforms. The Layer-2 Revolution: A Scalable and Sustainable Solution To address these challenges, the blockchain community has turned to innovative solutions known as Layer-2 protocols. These protocols operate on top of the existing blockchain (Layer-1), aiming to enhance scalability without compromising security or decentralization. Social Network: Pioneering Bitcoin's Layer-2 Staking Protocol One of the most notable advancements in this space is the of the Social Network, a decentralized Bitcoin Layer-2 staking protocol. By launching its testnet, Social Network has introduced a to improving Bitcoin's scalability and environmental footprint. The protocol leverages recent technological upgrades and partnerships to provide a scalable, cost-efficient, and less energy-intensive solution. development groundbreaking approach Collaborations and Innovations A key to Social Network's success is its with industry leaders such as ChainSafe, Halborn Security, Threefold, BloxRoute, and LaunchNodes. These partnerships aim to create a secure and efficient BTC staking platform that supports decentralized social networks, leveraging the security and trustlessness of the Bitcoin blockchain. collaboration Beyond Social Network: The Broader Landscape of Layer-2 Solutions Layer-2 solutions are not limited to staking protocols. Other technologies, such as Rootstock and Stacks, extend Bitcoin's functionality through smart contracts and decentralized applications (dApps), further enhancing the network's scalability and interoperability with Ethereum. These introduce new functionalities to the Bitcoin ecosystem, improving transaction speeds and offering new opportunities for blockchain applications. developments The Path Forward: Envisioning a Greener, More Connected Digital Future The unveiling of Layer-2 protocols, such as the Social Network, heralds an era of transformation for the Bitcoin network, emphasizing not just technological advancement but a commitment to ecological responsibility. These innovations signal a pivotal shift towards creating a Bitcoin ecosystem that is both scalable and environmentally conscious. The significance of these developments extends beyond the immediate community to hint at a future where blockchain technology is integral to a sustainable global digital economy. Bridging Technology and Sustainability Layer-2 solutions like Social Network are more than just technical feats; they are a testament to the blockchain community's resolve to foster a digital realm that prioritizes sustainability alongside scalability. This evolution is critical for the wider acceptance and integration of Bitcoin into decentralized applications, paving the way for a future where blockchain's potential is fully unleashed without sacrificing our planet's health. Catalyzing Transformation Across the Digital Landscape The ripple effect of Layer-2 advancements stretches far beyond the confines of the Bitcoin network. By addressing the pressing issues of scalability and environmental impact, these technologies open the door to an array of possibilities for decentralized platforms and applications. The emergence of these solutions could revolutionize how we interact with digital and financial systems, making them more accessible, efficient, and, importantly, sustainable. A Collaborative Journey Towards Innovation The path to realizing the full potential of blockchain technology is a collaborative endeavor, requiring the collective effort of developers, researchers, and industry visionaries. It is through this synergy that the community can navigate the complex web of challenges that lie ahead, driving forward innovations that balance technological advancement with environmental stewardship. Pioneering a Sustainable Digital Financial Ecosystem The transition towards Layer-2 solutions marks a critical step in Bitcoin's evolution, offering a blueprint for overcoming its inherent challenges. By enhancing the network's scalability and minimizing its ecological footprint, the blockchain community is laying the groundwork for a digital financial ecosystem that is inclusive, efficient, and, above all, sustainable. This journey is laden with both opportunities and obstacles, yet the promise of innovation and collaboration lights the way towards a brighter, greener future. The advancements in Layer-2 technologies are not just reshaping the Bitcoin network; they are redefining the boundaries of blockchain's role in a sustainable digital economy. As we stand on the brink of this new era, the collective endeavor of the blockchain community will undoubtedly propel us towards a future where digital innovation and environmental sustainability go hand in hand, heralding an age of digital finance that is as green as it is global. Don’t forget to like and share the story! This author is an independent contributor publishing via our brand-as-author program. Be it through direct compensation, media partnerships, or networking, the author has a vested interest in the company/ies mentioned in this story. HackerNoon has reviewed the report for quality, but the claims herein belong to the author. #DYOR Vested Interest Disclosure:

SMART BLOX

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SMART BLOX

smartblox.com.au

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Since n.d.

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