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At Pressed, we live by one simple mission – to make plant-forward living as delicious and convenient as possible. We are a leading cold pressed juice company that offers juices, smoothies, snacks and more for those who want to eat mindfully.

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At Natalie’s, we want the quality of our ingredients to shine. That’s why we hand select &amp; source the finest fruits &amp; vegetables available. Our juices are handcrafted in small batches to ensure authentic freshness. We specialize in making clean, nutritious juice made with integrity.

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Family owned and operated 100% Raw &amp; Living, Organic, Cold-Pressed Juices, Cleanses &amp; Elixirs. We make all of our products fresh and deliver to our shops for pickup and offer home and local delivery in San Francisco and Marin County.

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When it comes to handling Texas citrus, this isn’t our first rodeo. From our juices and oils to our grading and packaging, we turn great citrus into great products just for you.

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We are Jacob &amp; Elizabeth Ziegler and are the owners and faces behind The Elixir Juice Company! We started our business in 2019 because we wanted something delicious, we wanted something healthy, we wanted it for ourselves, our family &amp; our hometown, so we created...

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The Juice Company Cafe, 833 E 1st St, Ankeny, IA 50021, Mon - 9:00 am - 6:00 pm, Tue - 9:00 am - 6:00 pm, Wed - 9:00 am - 6:00 pm, Thu - 9:00 am - 6:00 pm, Fri - 9:00 am - 6:00 pm, Sat - 9:00 am - 5:00 pm, Sun - 9:00 am - 5:00 pm

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When out and about there’s no doubt that you’ve experienced that desperate feeling as your phone battery edges closer to 0%. We’ve all been there. And we can probably all say that we’ve utilised public charging stations to give our phone that much needed boost. But did you know that you might be placing your device in harm’s way by doing so? Not many people do. We often associate the port on our phone as a means to charge the battery rather than a means to transfer data, but in reality, they are actually not one and the same. This is precisely the confusion that ‘juice jacking’ aims to take advantage of. We’ll be looking at precisely how to prevent juice jacking in this piece. Juice Jacking in a Nutshell Juice jacking occurs when a hacker has infected a USB port, or indeed a cable attached to a public charging station, with some form of malware or other harmful software. These most often occur at the public charging stations you find in train stations, shopping centers, airports, and anywhere else someone might require a quick charge. Just as soon as your phone is connected and charging as normal, an attacker may now be able to take control of your phone, access files, and private information, and even monitor your to obtain passwords and access to bank accounts. keystrokes How Does Juice Jacking Work? When you connect your phone, or other devices, to a computer using a USB lead, it’s usually recognized as an external device, which means it's ready to access and copy data to and from your device. USB ports are typically made up of five pins, only one of these is needed to charge the device it's plugged into. Of the other four, two are used for transferring data and the other two are used as a device presence indicator and the ground. In most cases, the phone you’re plugging in will not allow automatic data trust, and you’ll often be prompted to ask whether you trust the device you’re connecting to. If you ignore or reject the prompt, then you won’t be able to transfer to and from this host device. However, if you happen to connect your device to an infected public charger, you may not even be aware that your data is being shared to a third-party device until it's too late. In fact, statistics show that don’t know if they’ve been hacked or not. 30% of people How Can Someone Be Targeted By Juice Jacking? If you happen to use an infected charging station, there are numerous ways that you might be targeted: Data Theft One of the most typical forms of juice jacking attack involves covertly mining and exfiltrating the personal data of unwitting users simply charging their phones. This process is usually automated and will happen very quickly, which means it's very unlikely you’ll ever notice what’s happening. These days our phones revolve around everything we do in day-to-day life, which means your attackers are now likely to have access to bank accounts, contact information, emails, passwords, and a wide variety of other information. Malware Attacks If an attacker is able to take data from your phone, it, unfortunately, means they can also send data to your phone as well. This means they can , such as malware and other viruses to incur data loss, device impairment, unexpected network problems, and much more. upload malicious software Multi-Device This attack works in the same way as the previous point, but will also infect the other USB ports or cables on that same charging station. This means as soon as someone else plugs their phone into that same station, they will also be impacted by malware or other malicious software. When Am I at Risk of Juice Jacking? Anytime you plug your device into a public charging station, you’re at risk of a potential juice-jacking attack. Recent data tends to suggest these attacks are more common in airports, and other areas will have high foot traffic, such as train stations. There are a few reasons why this makes sense from a cyber attacker’s point of view: - cyber criminals require plenty of targets in order to be successful in what they’re trying to do, the more targets they have the more chance they have of succeeding. Increased targets - most travelers would consider having a fully charged phone an imperative before stepping on a plane or a train, which is why many choose to top up their batteries while waiting around. The insecurity of travel - airports and train stations are often high-stress environments, which means that people often don’t think twice before plugging their phones into the public charging station for some much-needed juice. High-stress environments How Can I Stop Juice Jacking? Don’t Use Public Charging Stations The most obvious means to prevent juice jacking attacks is to avoid public charging altogether. Unless you wish to invest in a quality power bank, then going without your phone for a while is far better than risking your personal data in a juice-jacking attack. Review Your Device Security Settings Your smartphone comes with some built-in protection against the threat of juice jacking. So if it’s absolutely imperative that you charge your phone using a public outlet, there are a few things you must do: Turn off the device option to automatically transfer data once connected to a host device. This setting is set to default on most and Android devices, but it’s certainly worth double-checking beforehand. Apple Lock your device once you’ve connected it to the charging port. This can make data transfer difficult. If you’re prompted with a “Do You Trust this Device?” pop-up, deny permission to this immediately. Turn off your phone, this prevents activating data transfer and will stop any transfer of information between devices. This might not be possible with some Apple models, which automatically switch on when enough power has been passed to the battery. Use a USB Data Blocker This is probably the best option if you’re in need of extra power. USB data blockers are small devices that look similar to USB drives - hence the name. They are easily transportable, which makes them ideal when you’re on the go, cheap, and can be purchased online from Amazon to specialized electronic stores. All you need to do is plug a charger cable into the data blocker and then connect it to your device. This creates a barrier between the public charger and your device and it will charge as normal, however, the data transfer pins within the public cable are disabled, therefore preventing the threat of data transfer. Takeaways Although juice jacking is still a relatively rare phenomenon nowadays, the threat will only increase as we continue to rely so heavily on smartphones and other devices. In this post, we’ve outlined exactly what these threats are and what you can do to avoid them altogether.

How to Prevent Juice Jacking

When the name of MoonDAO’s governance token was to be decided by its members, the choice was clearly between $Mooney and $Cheese. A poll was held to decide which one of the two names would be on its smart contract. At the poll, a total of 67 votes were cast in favor of $Mooney and it, although a small number, represented an overwhelming majority at the time when MoonDAO had a little above 1000 members on Discord. $Mooney was deployed on the 17th of December, 2021, marking the beginning of a major funding round that would later rank MoonDAO as the fourth-highest funded DAO on  JuiceBox,a crowdfunding Dapp. Initially, the deployment of $Mooney was aimed at raising $450,000 for a space ticket but it ended up pulling in $8.3 million by early February. To many , it was nothing short of a surprise for a DAO with no media publicity to be three spots away from ConstitutionDAO, which, at the time, was the most funded DAO on JuiceBox and the most popular DAO of the year. MoonDAO’s Funding Timeline The First Two Days MoonDAO raised $115,133(29.50 ETH) in two days in December of 2021. The First Four Days On the fourth day a total of 70 donors brought the figure to $135,000 which was then the equivalent of 33.58 ETH. JuiceBox Top Ten DAOs On December 22nd 2021, MoonDAO ranked as the 10th most funded DAO on JuiceBox with a total of 34 ETH. It was nine spots away from ConstitutionDAO which ranked as the highest-funded DAO with a total of 11,612 ETH($47 million). This was the fifth day of the fundraising. **(JuiceBox Top Ten)** The First Six Days The sum of $145,000 (39 ETH)was raised to the utmost surprise of everyone in six days, thereby increasing MoonDAO’s chances of achieving higher milestones in crypto funding. MoonDAO’s Fifth Position on JuiceBox. In 22 days, MoonDAO had not only become the 5th highest funded DAO Juicebox but had also surpassed its initial funding target as well. With $638,000 in its treasury, it was inching closer to $1 million in crypto funding. The Last  Four Days. The event of  January 12 to 16 will be remembered as a watershed in the history of MoonDAO’s funding because its treasury pulled in more than $1 million in ETH until it reached a whopping $8.3 million(Over two thousand Ether)on the last day. This was the ‘the last four days” of the fundraising which earned MoonDOA the fourth place on JuiceBox. **(MoonDAO crossing the 1,000 ETH threshold)** January 12, 2022. MoonDAO was four days to the end of its major fundraising and at this stage it had far exceeded its initial funding target. On the 12 of January, 2022, it had raised a total of $858,000 (265.33 ETH) and was cruising toward $1 million in funding. $1.4 million and counting.. January 14th and the whales The Whales were having a field day as MoonDAO’s treasury was zooming past 1000 ETH. MoonDAO at $3.8 million(1179.89 ETH) and still counting... January 15th and the last 24 hours With only twenty-four hours left to the end of the fundraising, MoonDAO’s funding goal was increased from $5,000,000  to $8,888,888--which was dubbed a lucky number. In the final hour, it triumphantly reached $8.3 million and ended as a massive success.

How MoonDAO Raised $8.3 million on JuiceBox

Hello there Hacker, Do you have opinions about technology, science, and other trending topics in the internet-o-sphere? If so, maybe you would like to take a stab at putting those thoughts to paper, figuratively speaking. Below are some topics we recommend writing about if you want to get those writing neurons pumping: What will be the implications for Roblox from the mounting evidence of illicit and inappropriate activities on the platform and within the community: https://thebearcave.substack.com/p/problems-at-roblox-rblx How will Sony’s acquisition of Bungie affect the video game industry? Do you think Sony has more such surprise deals in its pocket? https://hackernoon.com/bungie-joins-sony-in-surprise-acquisition Should educational institutes do more to protect themselves and their students from cyberattacks as online education continues to gain traction? https://hackernoon.com/us-schools-face-increasing-cyberattacks-amidst-push-toward-digitization What are your thoughts on Facebook’s support for regulation? Do you think the platform should be regulated more? How much say should a company have in proposing regulations? https://hackernoon.com/how-much-internet-regulation-does-facebook-support Interested in getting started? Here's what you need to do: Log into your HackerNoon account: https://hackernoon.com/login Use this link to automatically create an opinion template draft: https://app.hackernoon.com/new?template=opinion (To read the question list before starting a draft follow this link: ) https://hackernoon.com/writing-prompt-please-share-your-opinion-list-of-interview-questions Write your heart out. Submit! Best Regards, The HackerNoon Team Content is written/compiled by: Zaeem Shoaib

Roblox in Hot Water, Sony Buys Bungie, and Some More Stories to Get Those Writing Juices Flowing!

Lots of people can relate to their phone running out of battery when outdoors. Thus, the development of public charging stations was a perfect solution for this. However, the threat of 'juice jacking' has recently been raised, prompting some to worry whether it is wise to use public charging points. Consider this hypothetical example: Situation: Suddenly, you're missing data (and probably money), your phone gets infected with a virus, and you're wishing you'd just bought that transportable battery you'd been eyeing. However, all hope is not gone. You can be proactive about this by being conscious of the risks. What is Juice Jacking? This word may appear to be the next fitness drink craze, but the reality is far worse. When a USB outlet or charger cable already attached to an adapter is to supply power gather data, this is known as juice jacking. Basically, it's a hacked universal charger. modified and To accomplish this, hackers infect digital charging stations with wholly automated software. They don't have to be close by, or even in the vicinity, to collect data and infect network connections this way. Crawlers frequently come in this virus, which sifts through the granularity of your data, searching for the most valuable materials, which are usually financial. An experienced hacker can easily hack a charging point and deploy this malicious code on any accessible power outlet. A juice jacked battery bank can gather any data from your phone, iPad, notebook, or another network node once it installs. Thankfully, many devices only enable power exchange when charging through USB by default. Is Juice Jacking a Real Threat? In truth, it's unclear how prevalent the problem is, and there have been few, if any, documented incidents of the hoax. Not to mention that in an emergency or when a phone battery is exhausted and assistance is required, public charging stations can be a lifesaver. Despite this, you should not dismiss the warning. Rather than being afraid of ideas on how to avoid a juice jacking scam, this piece can be viewed as a reminder to avoid running out of battery in the first place, along with a reminder to be extra vigilant while utilizing any public service that involves electronic devices. Many smartphone users are likely to use one of these charging stations not because their device's charge is running low but merely because one is available. For instance, it is best to utilize public charging stations only when essential, irrespective of the threat level. In this way, it's a good idea to think of public charging like public Wi-Fi: they're available if you need them, but you're better off skipping them if you don't. These devices are currently relatively popular and maybe had for a meager price. Investing in a portable power bank is another foolproof technique to ensure you never run out of charge when you're away from home. Furthermore, they are available in ultra-compact sizes, making carrying one physically easier than ever before. Small-scale power banks have limited charging capacities, but any power bank will get you out of difficulty when the power signal blinks. What are the Risks Involved? Data Theft If your gadget gets infected with juice jacking, whatever you do on it becomes public knowledge. Login credentials for eCommerce, retail, and other commercial sites, access to private emails, files, and images, and the ability to utilize your digital wallet are just a few examples. It could also , which is possibly the worst consequence of all. expose your confidential bank details Malware Another danger of juice jacking is malware. When you connect to a compromised charging point, you're adding a slew of malicious software that can wipe your smartphone clean. Because this form of assault is so difficult to detect, it is essential to avoid becoming a victim of malware from a compromised charging station. If You're a Juice Jacking Victim Many smartphone manufacturers, thankfully, are aware of the issue and working on safeguards. On your Apple and Android smartphones, you might have noticed this. When you attach your phone to a desktop device, you should get prompted to confirm that you trust the desktop. If you see this notice when simply attempting to connect to a public charging station, Unplug your gadget and notify someone who can help you with the situation. something is obviously wrong! However, just because your gadget has a layer of security built-in doesn't mean you should relax your security measures. When connected to any open power supply, juice jacking can happen, and your smartphone will not always inform you to make sure the system is secure. Incidents happen, notwithstanding your , and juice jacking can pose a severe threat to your data. best attempts to keep your device safe

Juice Jacking: Is it a Real Threat?

Juicero just . They raised $118 million, and their product was “ an internet-connected device that transforms single-serving packets of chopped fruits and vegetables into a refreshing and healthy beverage.” shut down And an hour ago I on twitter. agreed to defend them Before I go on, let me just say this isn’t a ret-con of what Juicero was about. As far as I can tell the founder, Doug Evans, just really really likes juice. actually This is my attempt at understanding why KPCB, Google Ventures, and gave them all that money. Maybe this is the story their fundraising team was pitching, or investors were hearing, even if it wasn’t Evans’ vision. 15 other qualified investors What if we tracked all our food? Imagine everything you eat or drink could be digitally identified by your appliances. Your fridge knows what’s in it. Your oven, stove, microwave, or toaster knows how to cook everything, and it’s all networked so it’ll warn you if the eggs you bought have salmonella. Or if everyone else in your town who bought sushi yesterday has been getting sick for some reason — maybe the shipment was left in the sun for 6 hours. Now I’m with you, that all sounds dumb and almost as frivolous as Juicero. You’ve got a nose, you can tell when food is bad, and what kind of idiot can’t read instructions on a bag of hot pockets to set the oven temperature? However, I bet this is going to happen anyway for a few reasons: Digital tracking will only get cheaper. As it does, the bar to justify it will drop and eventually be met. Even though we have noses, get sick and 3000 US persons die from foodborne illness every year. tons of people Your kitchen will probably be completely automated someday. Robochef would much prefer instructions from a database to the tiny printed ones on the side of the bag. If Robochef and Robofridge know what you’ve eaten, they know what to buy next. They can save you from . this cycle If anyone manages to lock you into food tracking system they can shave profits off your food spending, which is enormous. Over of food consumed at home, in the US alone. their $700 billion/yr In short, software really is going to eat the world, and part of that is eating food. Back on the dumb startups So why on earth was Juicero worth $118mm? Why does this exist? How come there are so ridiculously many meal-kit companies burning venture money? $1500 oven I think investors see this coming, and thanks to crazy unintuitive power laws, they’re willing to take 300 strikes for the one insane home-run that owning the food delivery will be. network Juicero might have been a really weird bank-shot at this . The June oven was totally an attempt to bootstrap this future before Robochef is really ready. Even the mealkit startups maybe had an element of ‘but automation is coming!’ in their optimistic revenue maps. future I love cooking, and I can still admit it: a kitchen that does all the ‘kitchen stuff’ for me would be awesome. Might make me feel like a baby — a certain orange forum the idea earlier today — but I’d save a solid hour a day and that adds up. Juicero seems super dumb, but if this is what they were shooting for I’ll mourn their death a little bit. heavily ridiculed Who’s gonna win? Jeff Bezos, duh. Guy’s already got a delivery network, and a robotics arm. At any point he can go ‘Hey fyi our new appliance line can automatically cook anything bought via Amazon Fresh’ and they own this market.

In defense of Juicero and other really dumb food startups

When most people think of NFTs, they think of Bored Ape monkeys and digital artworks, but in reality, it is a universal standard meant for much more. For example, NFTs perfectly represent real-world entities on the blockchain. An NFT can represent the ownership of a real piece of art (such as a painting), allowing it to be traded on the blockchain while the painting remains in a well-protected safe. Similarly, an NFT can represent raw materials, such as the steel needed for car manufacturing, or a container of berries that will eventually be made into smoothies. To these NFTs that represent real entities, we can also assign metadata that provides precise information about the entity associated with the NFT. For instance, in the case of a piece of art, this could include certificates proving authenticity and ownership, or in the case of raw materials, quality statements, and unique attributes like the place of origin. If the metadata is stored on immutable storage, then every change requires updating the metadata reference in the NFT, making the entity's history traceable throughout the blockchain. This history is unchangeable due to the nature of blockchain and immutable storage systems! This brings us to the trace.market project, which we are currently working on in close collaboration with the Swarm Foundation. The system's goal is to allow anyone to freely create NFTs representing physical entities on the Polygon blockchain and to assign metadata to them on Swarm. The blockchain ensures a reliable product history, which can be accessed on Swarm. From the end-users perspective, this looks like scanning a QR code (which contains the NFT ID) on the final product (such as a garment, a box of smoothies, or a car service book) using an app, where they can view the metadata and the complete history. For example, they can verify that the t-shirt was made by recycled textiles, or that the price of refurbished electronics is in balance with its defects. The project uses standard ERC721 NFTs, which are supplemented by two methods for storing and retrieving metadata: function updateMetadata(uint256 tokenId, uint256 swarmHash)
function metadata(uint256 tokenId) The updateMetadata method allows us to modify the metadata assigned to the token. Since the address of content on Swarm is the keccak256 hash of that content, we use uint256 for storage. As the content stored on Swarm is immutable, any change requires us to modify the metadata hash. This ensures that the complete history can be traced on the blockchain. To facilitate traceability, we are also introducing a new event: event metadataUpdated(uint256 indexed _tokenId, uint256 _swarmHash); The event is emitted with every change in metadata, allowing the complete history to be collected based on the tokenId. Since Swarm has its storage incentive system, the storage fee must be covered. This responsibility always falls on the current owner of the NFT. It is in their interest to do so because if the metadata is not accessible, significantly more trust will be needed to sell the product/ NFT. Once the NFT is transferred to a new owner, it then becomes the new owner's responsibility to pay for the storage. During the life cycle of a product, there may be events when the nature of the product changes. For example, locally grown berries are freeze-dried to serve them off-season, or a certified raw material is built into a premium product. Each activity output is detailed in a new NFT, so Industry 5.0’s smart manufacturing can be customized at scale. We refer to these in the system as transformations, and they can occur with the assistance of smart contracts. We distinguish three fundamental types of transformations: 1-1 transformation: In this case, one NFT transforms into another NFT. For example, a container of strawberries becomes a barrel of juice.
1-N transformation (split): In this case, one NFT splits into multiple NFTs. For example, a container of strawberries is divided into two containers, which are then shipped to different countries.
N-1 transformation (merge): In this case, component  NFTs merge into one NFT. This is like when parts are shipped or assembled into a complete car. With these three types, all transformations can be covered. The smart contract executing the transformation locks the source NFT (removes it from circulation) and mints new NFTs in its place. To execute the transformation, the smart contract can verify certain conditions. For example, in the case of a container of berries, a split operation is only permitted if the mass of the resulting new NFTs matches the mass of the source NFT. The mass measurement is performed by reliable external oracles. We store the NFT metadata in the Beeson format developed for Swarm. The advantage of this is that it is verifiable on the blockchain, enabling the transformation smart contract to perform basic Merkle proof checks on the metadata based solely on the Swarm hash (Merkle root). For example, the full price is paid only if the product is manufactured according to a recipe that is confidential but its hash is known. Of course, there are many factors in a transformation that may be difficult or impossible to verify with a smart contract. In such cases, permission from external oracles is required for the transformation (e.g. the location of a vessel). This could be a single oracle or a group of oracles. In the latter case, the transformation can be executed if the majority of the group approves it. Finally, for the sake of example, let's follow this short supply chain: First, the producer picks the bio berries and packs them into a container. Subsequently, an independent validator checks the field and its bio certificate. Photos of the Real-World Asset are uploaded to Swarm, which is linked to the NFT as metadata. Thus, the NFT representing the food is created. Tons of berries go bad or require huge energy during logistics, so a nearby food processor is notified that a batch becomes available. A sales contract is drawn up between the processor and the producer, with the condition that if the location of the container is verified (IoT and logistics oracles, DePIN) on the buyer’s plant, the price will be paid and the buyer will be the owner of the NFT. The processor can merge it with other ingredients, machine capacities, and recipes, so an updated NFT is generated for wholesalers and retailers. On the packaging, a QR code with the NFT ID is placed. When a customer picks up the smoothie in the store, they can scan the QR code to download the metadata stored on Swarm, which can be authenticated based on the history stored on the blockchain. The product's CO2 and water footprint can be estimated most accurately from this metadata, supporting buyers to involve it in buying factors, thereby encouraging manufacturers to minimize CO2 emissions. This is how the trace.market project works in a nutshell. Currently, the project is in testing phase, welcoming API integrations to cope with the urging need for a transparent, Single Source of Truth in products’ sustainability, logistics, resiliency, quality, and custom but structured attributes. I plan to present the system's operation in depth, including the source code level, in a second article once the first version is complete. Kudos to Balint Drahota, the PM of trace.market for helping me clarify the concept, and inspiring me with excellent use cases. When most people think of NFTs, they think of Bored Ape monkeys and digital artworks, but in reality, it is a universal standard meant for much more. For example, NFTs perfectly represent real-world entities on the blockchain. An NFT can represent the ownership of a real piece of art (such as a painting), allowing it to be traded on the blockchain while the painting remains in a well-protected safe. Similarly, an NFT can represent raw materials, such as the steel needed for car manufacturing, or a container of berries that will eventually be made into smoothies. To these NFTs that represent real entities, we can also assign metadata that provides precise information about the entity associated with the NFT. For instance, in the case of a piece of art, this could include certificates proving authenticity and ownership, or in the case of raw materials, quality statements, and unique attributes like the place of origin. If the metadata is stored on immutable storage, then every change requires updating the metadata reference in the NFT, making the entity's history traceable throughout the blockchain. This history is unchangeable due to the nature of blockchain and immutable storage systems! This brings us to the trace.market project, which we are currently working on in close collaboration with the Swarm Foundation . The system's goal is to allow anyone to freely create NFTs representing physical entities on the Polygon blockchain and to assign metadata to them on Swarm. The blockchain ensures a reliable product history, which can be accessed on Swarm. trace.market Swarm Foundation From the end-users perspective, this looks like scanning a QR code (which contains the NFT ID) on the final product (such as a garment, a box of smoothies, or a car service book) using an app, where they can view the metadata and the complete history. For example, they can verify that the t-shirt was made by recycled textiles, or that the price of refurbished electronics is in balance with its defects. The project uses standard ERC721 NFTs, which are supplemented by two methods for storing and retrieving metadata: ERC721 function updateMetadata(uint256 tokenId, uint256 swarmHash)
function metadata(uint256 tokenId) function updateMetadata(uint256 tokenId, uint256 swarmHash)
function metadata(uint256 tokenId) The updateMetadata method allows us to modify the metadata assigned to the token. Since the address of content on Swarm is the keccak256 hash of that content, we use uint256 for storage. As the content stored on Swarm is immutable, any change requires us to modify the metadata hash. This ensures that the complete history can be traced on the blockchain. To facilitate traceability, we are also introducing a new event: updateMetadata event metadataUpdated(uint256 indexed _tokenId, uint256 _swarmHash); event metadataUpdated(uint256 indexed _tokenId, uint256 _swarmHash); The event is emitted with every change in metadata, allowing the complete history to be collected based on the tokenId. Since Swarm has its storage incentive system, the storage fee must be covered. This responsibility always falls on the current owner of the NFT. It is in their interest to do so because if the metadata is not accessible, significantly more trust will be needed to sell the product/ NFT. Once the NFT is transferred to a new owner, it then becomes the new owner's responsibility to pay for the storage. During the life cycle of a product, there may be events when the nature of the product changes. For example, locally grown berries are freeze-dried to serve them off-season, or a certified raw material is built into a premium product. Each activity output is detailed in a new NFT, so Industry 5.0’s smart manufacturing can be customized at scale. We refer to these in the system as transformations, and they can occur with the assistance of smart contracts. We distinguish three fundamental types of transformations: 1-1 transformation: In this case, one NFT transforms into another NFT. For example, a container of strawberries becomes a barrel of juice. 1-N transformation (split): In this case, one NFT splits into multiple NFTs. For example, a container of strawberries is divided into two containers, which are then shipped to different countries. N-1 transformation (merge): In this case, component  NFTs merge into one NFT. This is like when parts are shipped or assembled into a complete car. 1-1 transformation : In this case, one NFT transforms into another NFT. For example, a container of strawberries becomes a barrel of juice. 1-1 transformation 1-N transformation (split) : In this case, one NFT splits into multiple NFTs. For example, a container of strawberries is divided into two containers, which are then shipped to different countries. 1-N transformation (split) N-1 transformation (merge) : In this case, component  NFTs merge into one NFT. This is like when parts are shipped or assembled into a complete car. N-1 transformation (merge) With these three types, all transformations can be covered. The smart contract executing the transformation locks the source NFT (removes it from circulation) and mints new NFTs in its place. To execute the transformation, the smart contract can verify certain conditions. For example, in the case of a container of berries, a split operation is only permitted if the mass of the resulting new NFTs matches the mass of the source NFT. The mass measurement is performed by reliable external oracles. We store the NFT metadata in the Beeson format developed for Swarm. The advantage of this is that it is verifiable on the blockchain, enabling the transformation smart contract to perform basic Merkle proof checks on the metadata based solely on the Swarm hash (Merkle root). For example, the full price is paid only if the product is manufactured according to a recipe that is confidential but its hash is known. Of course, there are many factors in a transformation that may be difficult or impossible to verify with a smart contract. In such cases, permission from external oracles is required for the transformation (e.g. the location of a vessel). This could be a single oracle or a group of oracles. In the latter case, the transformation can be executed if the majority of the group approves it. Finally, for the sake of example, let's follow this short supply chain: First, the producer picks the bio berries and packs them into a container. Subsequently, an independent validator checks the field and its bio certificate. Photos of the Real-World Asset are uploaded to Swarm, which is linked to the NFT as metadata. Thus, the NFT representing the food is created. Tons of berries go bad or require huge energy during logistics, so a nearby food processor is notified that a batch becomes available. A sales contract is drawn up between the processor and the producer, with the condition that if the location of the container is verified (IoT and logistics oracles, DePIN) on the buyer’s plant, the price will be paid and the buyer will be the owner of the NFT. The processor can merge it with other ingredients, machine capacities, and recipes, so an updated NFT is generated for wholesalers and retailers. On the packaging, a QR code with the NFT ID is placed. When a customer picks up the smoothie in the store, they can scan the QR code to download the metadata stored on Swarm, which can be authenticated based on the history stored on the blockchain. The product's CO2 and water footprint can be estimated most accurately from this metadata, supporting buyers to involve it in buying factors, thereby encouraging manufacturers to minimize CO2 emissions. This is how the trace.market project works in a nutshell. Currently, the project is in testing phase, welcoming API integrations to cope with the urging need for a transparent, Single Source of Truth in products’ sustainability, logistics, resiliency, quality, and custom but structured attributes. I plan to present the system's operation in depth, including the source code level, in a second article once the first version is complete. Kudos to Balint Drahota, the PM of trace.market for helping me clarify the concept, and inspiring me with excellent use cases.

JUICE

juicecg.com

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Since 2016

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JUICE

juicecg.com

11-50 employees

Since 2016

COMPANY RANKING

JUICE

EVERGREEN INDEX #6326

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