The actor is also playing the lead in the comedy, Brothers, co-starring Peter Dinklage, Glenn Close and Brendan Fraser. 🎥 Josh Brolin Birthday Special: From Hollow Man to Avengers Endgame, 10 Memorable Movie Quotes of 'Thanos' Star You Shouldn't Miss! (View Pics).

Josh Brolin Birthday Special: From Hollow Man to Avengers Endgame, 10 Memorable Movie Quotes of 'Thanos' Star You Shouldn't Miss! (View Pics) | 🎥 LatestLY

Marvel Studios releases the first trailer for Ryan Reynolds' Deadpool 3, which subtly admits the state of the MCU after Avengers: Endgame.

Deadpool 3 Admits The Harsh Truth About Post-Endgame MCU - "I'm Marvel Jesus"

Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania made a decision that frustrated many viewers, but it might have been Marvel's smartest choice since Endgame.

Why 1 Controversial MCU Choice May Have Been Its Smartest Post-Endgame Decision

Endgame makes it easy to observe what’s happening in your trial or free motion, prioritize sales-ready accounts and users based on behavioral signals, and act on them to drive more revenue faster

Endgame

This article will mainly interpret , a new recursive proof system for incrementally producing succinct proofs of correct execution of programs on a stateful machine with a particular instruction set. SuperNova These seem to be fantastic features. This article will mainly interpret how these features are implemented. For easy understanding, all interpretations are based on the itself. paper What is folding? First, let’s look at the definition in the paper: As shown by the green marker in the figure: input: two (instance, witness) pairs output: a new (instance, witness) pair the same size: the size of the input tuples needs to be the same, which also means they correspond to . The diagram below expresses the folding concept very well (source: ): the same computation ZK Study Club: Supernova (Srinath Setty - MS Research) - YouTube Each gate’s input and output form pairs of (instance, witness), and the same computation represents the same circuit structure and (instance, witness) size. Represent computation with R1CS First, let’s look at the definition in the paper: Here: m: the number of variables, i.e., the size of vector Z n: the number of non-zero elements in the matrix l: the number of public I/Os A, B, C: coefficient matrices, each corresponds to a calculation Z.W: private input Z.x: public I/O Z.1: constant information Previously, we mentioned that to achieve the folding scheme, it must be the same computation. This way, the coefficient matrix of the corresponding constraint system (R1CS) remains unchanged, thereby achieving the superposition of two computation instances in the constraint system. Let’s try folding: The following diagram effectively illustrates the settlement process of folded Relaxed R1CS instances (source: ): ZK Study Club: Supernova (Srinath Setty - MS Research) - YouTube From the perspective of preventing malicious behavior by the prover and improving verifier succinctness, the following additions are necessary: Introduce a commitment scheme to ensure the effectiveness of folding. Delegate the processing of E to the prover, while the verifier only verifies the equivalence under the commitment, achieving succinctness for the verifier. The complete process is depicted in the following diagram: (Source： ): ZK Study Club: Supernova (Srinath Setty - MS Research) - YouTube Please note that the verifier needs to perform additional calculations on commitments, which requires the adoption of a commitment scheme that supports homomorphic addition calculations. Note: For relaxed schemes in other constraint systems, you can refer to the paper HyperNova: : Recursive arguments for customizable constraint systems. Nova: NIVC for a single instruction NIVC(Non-uniform incrementally verifiable computation), NIVC (Non-uniform incrementally verifiable computation) is a generalization of , as defined in the paper: IVC In the image, the green and red markers represent the following: Standard IVC: It applies to a single constraint type, such as VDF, where there is only one type of computation. Non-uniform IVC: It applies to multiple constraint types, such as ZKVM, where different instructions lead to different computations and, therefore, different constraints. The following diagram effectively illustrates the process of Nova (NIVC) (source: ): ZK Study Club: Supernova (Srinath Setty - MS Research) - YouTube SuperNova: NIVC for multiple instructions(ZKVM) As defined in the paper: Compared to IVC, which corresponds to a single function, NIVC corresponds to multiple functions. It introduces an additional selection polynomial φ, to indicate the function corresponding to each step. The following diagram effectively represents the process of SuperNova (NIVC for multiple instructions) (source: ): ZK Study Club: Supernova (Srinath Setty - MS Research) - YouTube Compared to Nova: Comment It introduces additional constraint logic for the selection function φ, which takes inputs ( ) and outputs the index of the next instruction. wi,zi It maintains a running claims list where the number of elements is equal to the number of instructions. U Based on the instruction index it updates the corresponding running claims instance running claims . pci Upci Different with other Recursion A comparison of various recursion approaches is shown in the following image (source: ): ZKP MOOC Lecture 10: Recursive SNARKs - YouTube The first recursion approach: . The circuit implements all the verification processes, similar to the recursive structure in Plonky2 and Plonk. without delay The second recursion approach: . The circuit implements partial verification processes and ultimately achieves one-time verification, as seen in Halo’s Accumulator scheme. part-verify delay The third recursion approach: . It utilizes the folding scheme to continuously compress instances and generates the proof at the end. prover delay Questions Is it possible to define a computation that covers all computations? This way, we wouldn’t need to separately maintain a running list. This is the current implementation approach in ZKVM and ZKEVM, where a universal circuit is designed to cover the processing logic for all instructions. However, for specific computations like Keccak and ECDSA, separate sub-circuits are used, similar to the idea of adding a running claim instance in the above-mentioned approaches. Does the size of the running claims need to match the number of instructions? EVM has 140+ instructions. 43:16s a. Refer to the video: ZK Study Club: Supernova (Srinath Setty - MS Research) - YouTube b. Refer to Section 4.4 of the research paper Is it possible to for improved performance? a. For example, can we perform parallel proofs for**(F′)i/2−1(z0) = zi/2−1 and (F′)i/2(zi/2−1)=zi−1**? b. Related discussions can be found . execute proof generation in parallel here About This weekly report aims to provide an update on the latest developments and news related to Sin7y - Ola and zero-knowledge cryptography, which has the potential to revolutionize the way we approach privacy and security in the digital age. We will continue to monitor and report on the latest developments in this field. Please write to if you’d like to join or partner with us. contact@sin7y.org Also published . here

Is SuperNova’s Folding Scheme the Endgame for ZK?

For the last month, hedge funds have been shorting Tether and betting on a potential collapse of the stablecoin that is pegged to the US dollar. Shorting refers to the act of selling an asset with the expectation that it will fall in value in the future. When the asset value drops, short sellers generally hope to repurchase the asset and make a profit from the difference in market price. According to Leon Marshall, Genesis’s head of institutional sales, “There has been a real spike in the interest from traditional hedge funds who are taking a look at tether and looking to short it,” If Tether were to collapse it could have far-reaching implications for the entire Web 3 ecosystem. There are three main factors at play here: The broader economy does not look great. The United States is currently experiencing its highest level of inflation in nearly 40 years causing investors to shy away from speculative assets like cryptocurrencies. While it has not been officially confirmed, it is reasonable to say we are currently in a recession and there is no light at the end of the tunnel. There have long been valid concerns about the quality of assets backing the Tether stablecoin. In 2019 investors noticed that Tether had removed its claim that all tokens were 100% backed by the U.S dollar. Tether now claims to maintain reserves that include cash, bank deposits, short-term loans, commodities, bonds, and other cryptocurrencies. Regulatory pressure further exacerbated the concerns around Tether and its underlying assets. The firm and its related entities reached an $18.5 million settlement with the New York attorney general’s office in 2021. The firm was accused of making public misrepresentations regarding its dollar reserves. Although Tether admitted no wrongdoing, the massive settlement does not bode well for investor confidence. Tether’s CTO Paolo Ardoino took to Twitter to address the concerns around the stability of the stablecoin. He argued that competitors were using a coordinated troll campaign to spread FUD - fear, uncertainty, and doubt with the goal of ruining Tether’s reputation and triggering another black-swan event similar to what we saw with the collapse of Terra-Luna. It is worth considering that if Tether were to collapse, the impact would be far more profound than what we saw with Terra-Luna. Tether is the world's 4th largest cryptocurrency and the largest stablecoin with a market cap of 20 billion. As the only prominent stablecoin still holding its peg to the dollar, Tether is essentially the lifeblood of the entire crypto ecosystem. The implications are catastrophic if the hedge funds are right in shorting tether. It's hard to overstate just how bad Tethers collapse would be. It would likely mean the game is finally over. Thank you for reading. Check out my unfiltered thoughts on Twitter: Follow my career on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/wasifmrahman/ My other Shower Thoughts on Medium: https://medium.com/@wasifmrahman Also Published Here

What is Hedge Funds' Endgame for Shorting Tether

¿Cuál es el juego final de Hedge Funds para acortar Tether?

Quelle est la fin de partie des fonds spéculatifs pour court-circuiter Tether

टीथर को छोटा करने के लिए हेज फंड का एंडगेम क्या है?

テザーを空売りするためのヘッジファンドのエンドゲームとは

Qual é o fim do jogo dos fundos de hedge para reduzir o Tether

Trò chơi cuối cùng của Hedge Funds để rút ngắn Tether là gì

对冲基金做空 Tether 的结局是什么

I’m not an “elonist.” What’s that? Well, if we have a special name (term) for Elon Musk’s quotes and words of wisdom - “elonism,” why wouldn’t we have a name for his die-hard fans, admirers, and followers? It makes sense, doesn’t it? I’m not a leftist. I’m not freaking out about the whole Twitter acquisition “saga.” I’m not a conspiracy theorist. I’m not into Elon Musk vs. “the world” thing. And, above all, I’m not a pragmatist, meaning I’m not taking an advantage of this “elonmania” phenomenon with this story. Oh, let me write something about Elon. That’s always a safe bet. Everybody’s doing it, for this or that reason. Why should I be an “eloxception?” You’d be surprised, but I actually, have only two simple questions to ask. How did we come to this? You may say, , . Is it? I showed this tweet to some of my friends, and not only did they like it - they bought it as 100 percent legit. chill out dude it’s just a joke I’m a live-and-let-live type of person. You can’t get enough of everything Elon Musk does or says. OK. Whatever makes you happy buddy. You think that each of his tweets has a “deeper” meaning. OK. Keep looking. We’ve reached the point of surreal trivialization of anything and everything that’s even remotely related to Elon Musk in any way. This is how I stumbled upon this breathtaking question on Quora: Why should Elon Musk hire Justin Bieber to help him with his Twitter acquisition? As you can see for yourself, this question is still waiting for its first answer. I wonder, why is that? What do you think? My second question is, don’t worry, I’m not going to ask “does Elon Musk swim?” Yes, someone asked that question for real. Yes, it’s important. You know, water on Mars and stuff. You never know when it might come in handy. So, Elon, is all of this, whatever it is, for whatever reason(s) was/is/will be worth your time, money, energy, and - legacy? From Mars to A Farce If you thought that Trump is the most polarizing person in modern US history, well, you’re obviously wrong. The richest man in the world ( ) and the smartest (not checked, but you have to be smart to be rich, I guess) can make the Earth stand still with a single tweet (more than once). checked is one of favorite Elon’s words, but not when it comes to the Internet. Decentralization Decentralized robots?! OK. Terminator bad. Elon good. Decentralized finances. Nice. But… I see, practice what you preach. “Lots of people I talked to on the production lines at Tesla or building rockets at SpaceX own Doge,” . “They aren’t financial experts or Silicon Valley technologists. That’s why I decided to support Doge — it felt like the people’s crypto.” Musk said I see. Tesla and SpaceX employees. Some of them the rocket scientists, but not “financial experts or Silicon Valley technologists” willingly and freely “support Doge.” That’s how you make “people’s crypto.” Elon’s people, Voodoo People (that’s the Prodigy’s timeless classic, I meant no disrespect). Just in case, you’ve been living under a rock (again, no disrespect, but c’mon people, not necessarily Voodoo People) with “a list of Musk's tweets and comments on Twitter, Web3, NFTs and free speech.” Knock yourself out with “elonisms.” here’s an article Being Controversial is(Not) The Same as Being (In)Consistent First this… Then this… But, then this… So, what do you make of this? Ah, I know. Elon is “a free speech absolutist.” He’s not willing to compromise about it. He’s a person of principle. OK. Respect. But, there’s that word - absolutist. Does it make you uncomfortable? Absolutist. Does it ring an (alarm) bell? Nah, Elon is a Jedi Knight in shining new Tesla model or SpaceX armor. Shanghai authorities helped Tesla transport over 6,000 workers and carry out necessary disinfection work to reopen its factory last month amid the city's lockdown, according to a letter that Tesla sent to local officials and seen by . Reuters That was a special thank you letter, which “outlined the lengths to which the city went to help Tesla.” They fought for three consecutive days, working round the clock and non-stop to guarantee our company's workers could return to the factory. That must’ve been an epic three-day battle while at the same time “at least 27 Chinese cities are under some degree of Covid lockdown, affecting around 180 million residents, .” according to CNN's latest calculations last week A free speech absolutist fighting shoulder-to-shoulder with the officials of the country that ranked 177th in 2019, 2020 and 2021 out of 180 countries and their annual World Press Freedom Index. according to Reporters Without Borders (RSF) Beware of false prophets, who come to you in sheep's clothing but inwardly are ravenous wolves. You will know them by their fruits. Fruits of tweets?! I’m a bit confused here. Remember, Remember, the 8th of November Does Elon know something we don’t? For example, who’s going to “storm” the Capitol during this year’s midterm elections, BUT with votes instead of flags and unforgettable outfits. Did “The Grand Chessboard” by Zbigniew Brzezinski age well after 25 years since it was published? I don’t know. I haven’t read it. Can you build a colony on Mars for $44B? I don’t know. I’m not a rocket scientist. Is Elon Musk the King or just a Pawn in his own chess game? Is he an absolutist or an illusionist or both? I don’t know. What I do know is that these are the questions to ask, and not the ones about his swimming skills or teaming up with Justin Bieber. I also know that didn’t age well. God no longer follows Justin Bieber on Twitter. That was a shocking revelation. one of my stories Can Elon Musk suspend God, on Twitter? I mean. I’m “borrowing” one of cryptic “elonisms,” just in case, you know. There is a Chinese curse which says “May he live in interesting times.” Like it or not, we live in interesting times. (Source: quoteinvestigator) We don’t live in interesting, but desperate times. They say that desperate times call for desperate measures. Do desperate times call for heroes? Is that hero Elon Musk? Have the “elonists” made a hero out of him? How can an “absolutist” who’s also a business, and potentially a political opportunist, be a hero? Elon Musk has (literally) the world at his feet, and all we care about is - his next tweet.

Elon Musk: From The King's Gambit to The Pawn's Endgame

Elon Musk: del gambito de rey al final del peón

Elon Musk : du pari du roi à la fin de partie du pion

एलोन मस्क: द किंग्स गैम्बिट से द पॉन्स एंडगेम तक

イーロン・マスク: キングズ・ギャンビットからポーンズ・エンドゲームまで

Elon Musk: Do Gambito do Rei ao Fim do Jogo do Peão

Elon Musk: Từ Gambit của Nhà vua đến Trò chơi kết thúc của The Pawn

伊隆马斯克：从国王的策略到典当的终结

The world, as we know it, is changing faster than we realize and much sooner than we could have predicted. I remember watching Ready Player One over a year ago and thinking to myself "What a crazy concept, maybe something like that could happen in 50 years." I didn't know what a metaverse was, and I certainly didn't realize that companies already existed with the primary mission of creating their own versions. Shortly after watching the film, I stumbled upon Decentraland and Sandbox. My eyes were opened and the impossible immediately became a tangible inevitability. I had entered a never-ending rabbit hole (that I'm still falling down) with no end in sight. My main questions were "Where does this all lead?" and "How does this connect to what is happening today?" I am here today with an attempt at answering those very questions. Image via Ready Player One The Metaverse Starts with NFTs Right now the trend in the NFT space is 10k projects: auto generative NFT collections with around 10,000 unique pieces. They are available to purchase directly from the creator via "minting" and also on secondary markets like OpenSea and Hic Et Nunc. These projects earn their value from exclusivity, investor expectations, and utility. Today utility typically takes a backseat to the rarity and hype of a project in terms of importance. Utility is simply an added cherry on top; it's nice to have, but it isn't incredibly necessary for the project's success. The metaverse changes that: utility is everything and all-important. In a decentralized digital universe, users own their avatar, vehicles, clothing, accessories, weapons, etc. This ownership, naturally, is indisputably proven on the blockchain for anyone to refer to. Each of the items will be an NFT that has potentially unlimited utility because the user is free to do with them what they please. In the metaverse, users maintain the power of ownership instead of a central company. As Metaverse DAOs continue to grow, I believe we will see a major investment shift from the 10k projects of today towards the interactive and usable NFTs that will become the backbone of the metaverse. "Utility is everything and all-important" Where We Stand Today A metaverse is a decentralized virtual world populated by NFTs of all shape, size, and utility. What does that type of world look like, and what are the major implications that it could have on humanity? Let's start with where we are right now. Metaverses are still in their early stages with development currently occurring and early users being courted to join. There are land and early NFTs available to buy, as well as games being created within the metaverse for users. I believe early investors could realize tremendous returns on land when corporations join the metaverse and need space to build stores and offices. Great returns could also be seen for investors who buy, and then hold, early non-land NFTs long term. I think that one day the oldest NFTs of the metaverse will have a legendary status to them that inspires a sense of awe. This status will drive their value high. We are still currently in such an early phase with these metaverse projects and, therefore, nothing is certain. It will be very interesting to see how they end up developing. Land available in Sandbox https://www.sandbox.game/en/ Onwards to the Endgame Jumping ahead and looking towards the future, things are really going to pick up in the coming years. As metaverse adoption increases exponentially and more people become aware of its existence, I predict corporations will start flooding towards the metaverse in order to stake their claim; they'll also take their employees with them. Metaverse jobs and business meetings will start to gain popularity as corporate involvement continues to grow in the metaverse. Virtual stores and office buildings will be erected and, at this time, early land investors will get paid. Mania will ensue as metaverse land becomes scarce and bid prices will send shock waves through the crypto investment space. Eventually, users will venture out beyond the areas close to the starting point of the metaverse. As other areas are developed and populated, we will truly start to see the full potential of the metaverse; one that involves metaverses within the overall metaverse platform. For example as a hypothetical, let's say that the overall metaverse ends up being known as "X". Within X, there are many planets, galaxies, and universes to explore. A user could travel to "Universe C, galaxy C-f, planet #134" and find the Sandbox platform. That same user within X could then travel to Universe H, galaxy C-k, planet #22 and find the entire Decentraland platform. Between different spaces within X, currencies could be different, but be seamlessly exchangeable across the overall metaverse. That would mean that I could be a great earner on Sandbox, take my SAND token to an FPS world, and swap my SAND for the native currency in order to purchase new weapons. The possibilities with this are truly endless. "bid prices will send shockwaves through the crypto investment space" Switching gears but staying on the topic of endgame, another hypothetical that I find particularly interesting is education in the metaverse. We've already seen a massive shift towards online education because of Covid-19; I wouldn't be surprised if education found a home in the metaverse. The metaverse could provide a unique way to make online learning more immersive and interactive for virtual students. Imagine sitting down in a desk chair, putting on your VR headset, and attending school within a digital classroom. The most important part of the endgame, to me, is the currency. With the metaverse essentially being the replacement to our current internet, I could see the global economy digitalizing even further than it already is and converging on the metaverse. As more and more companies join the metaverse, more of the global economy will turn virtual. Users will shop for avatar outfits, special items, weapons, and more as the virtual economy expands. The metaverse will have the capability of uniting global economies on its platform with whatever token is primarily used on the platform. We've all heard the theory that Bitcoin will one day become the standard international currency of the world, but I think a metaverse token achieving that status is far more likely. Were this to occur, I believe that it would naturally mean that whichever company ends up creating the globally adopted metaverse will become one of the wealthiest and most powerful in the world. It's a race to the finish, we'll just have to wait and see which project comes out on top. https://www.hicetnunc.xyz/objkt/260588 This article is written purely for entertainment and educational purposes and should not be taken as professional financial advice in any way. DISCLAIMER: Do your own research and, if you are seeking financial advice, find a professional who is right for you. Lead image via: https://www.hicetnunc.xyz/objkt/215902 This article is part of The hosted by HackerNoon in partnership with Gaming Metaverse Writing Contest The Sandbox . Submit your today for your chance to win up to $2000. #gaming-metaverse story

The Metaverse Endgame

I've always believed that the best way to learn is by doing. Recruiters prefer practical projects over theoretical knowledge, as well. Over the span of a year, I created 8 web app and game clones. I decided to share them, so the community can get some inspiration to build as well. In order to explore and compare how various front-end solutions work, I tried to use different stacks, varying from Vanilla HTML to React, NextJS and Svelte. For each project, a link to deployed project as well as the source code will be provided. Give them a 🌟 on my if you like. GitHub Calculator / 💻 Live project 🔗 Source on GitHub First I wanted to create a practical app that each of us uses in our daily routines. A calculator seemed to be a nice fit. It has come in handy from time to time. Features include: Add, subtract, multiply, divide Support decimal values Calculate percentages Invert the values Reset functionality Format larger numbers Output resize based on length The project is written in . React Weather App / 💻 Live project 🔗 Source on GitHub With this next app, my aim was to be able to check the weather conditions across the world. I used Openweather API to fetch data from their site. To make it a bit appealing to the eye, I decided to combine it with some icon graphics that correspond to the conditions displayed. Features include: Search functionality Metric vs Imperial system Current local time and date Temperatures and humidity Wind speed and direction Sunrise and sunset times The project is written in . NextJS Icons are taken from . Flaticon Breakout / 💻 Live project 🔗 Source on GitHub is an arcade game originally developed and published by . Breakout Atari In Breakout, the goal is to destroy all the bricks at the top. A ball bounces off the top and two sides of the screen. When a brick is hit, the ball bounces back and the brick is destroyed. The player loses a turn when the ball touches the bottom of the screen; to prevent this from happening, the player has a horizontally movable paddle to bounce the ball upward, keeping it in play. Features include: Moving paddle + ball Bricks generation Collision detection Scorekeeping Level system Lives tracking Game over / Reset The project is written in . Svelte 2048 / 💻 Live project 🔗 Source on GitHub is a single-player sliding tile puzzle game initially written by Italian web developer in 2014. 2048 Gabriele Cirulli It's played on a plain 4×4 grid, with numbered tiles that slide when a player moves them using the four arrow keys. Every turn, a new tile randomly appears in an empty spot on the board. The objective of the game is to slide numbered tiles on a grid to combine them to create a tile with the number 2048. Features include: Slide tiles on the X and Y-axis Sum tile values on a collision Color scheme for specific values Scorekeeping Best score memory Winner detection Game over / Reset The project is written in . Svelte Memory Game / 💻 Live project 🔗 Source on GitHub Memory games come in different forms and variations. I decided to go with the traditional approach, where users have to remember the positions of the cards and open two exact images sequentially to score points. Once all the cards are opened user is victorious. I used Unsplash API to fetch images from their site. Features include: Moves tracking Match percentage Win state detection Reset functionality The project is written in . Svelte Tic Tac Toe / 💻 Live project 🔗 Source on GitHub Tic-Tac-Toe is a very popular two-player game, where users take turns marking 'X'es or 'O's in a 3×3 grid. It's been played in different environments starting from classical pen and paper to many UI-different versions online. The player who succeeds in placing three of their marks in a diagonal, horizontal, or vertical row is the winner. Built-in moves calculation Winner detection Reset functionality The project is written in . Svelte Rock Paper Scissors / 💻 Live project 🔗 Source on GitHub Rock-paper-scissors originated in China and spread with increased contact with East Asia, while developing different variants in signs over time. A player who decides to play rock will beat another player who has chosen scissors, but will lose to one who has played paper; a play of paper will lose to a play of scissors. If both players choose the same shape, it's a tie. Features include: Round tracking Scorekeeping Choice display Computer selection Winner detection Reset functionality The project is written in . React Icons are taken from . Icons8 Landing Page / 💻 Live project 🔗 Source on GitHub This landing page was created as a temporary placeholder for my personal domain while I was working on my portfolio. It's designed to keep simplicity in mind for both setup and UI. Since I no longer host it on my personal domain, I decided to make a template from it, so other devs looking for a landing site could benefit as well. I also made a on how to create it from a scratch. tutorial Features include: Info about the dev Icons linking to social media Interactive hover effects The project is written in and . HTML CSS Icons are taken from . Icons8 Writing has always been my passion and it gives me pleasure to help and inspire people. If you have any questions, feel free to reach out! Connect me on , , and ! Twitter LinkedIn GitHub For more projects like these, check out my . portfolio

Level Up Your Front-End Game with These 8 Side-Project Ideas 🥇

Recently, Rick Rieder, Chief Investment Officer of Global Fixed Income for BlackRock published an on the BlockRock blog highlighting the economic policy state-of-play today, and where it may lead to should economic growth falter, productivity not materialize, and populism continue to thrive. article While the Avengers: Endgame ended well for the world with Ironman being able to restore the world to the same state as it was before Thanos snapped his fingers, the same cannot be said for the implications of the current monetary policy being pursued by the Central Banks across the world. The changes brought about by Quantitative Easing(QE) are irreversible and there is no infinity gauntlet, which can by snap of fingers, restore the world back to the state it was before Central Banks resorted to QE . It means that we have to accept the reality and brace ourselves for impact as the endgame plays out.So how is the endgame is likely to play out? The Endgame According to Rick major central banks continue to draw bigger guns in their battle against deflation, yet in some places, it appears to be of no avail. There are two ways inflation is created: one is to actually raise the prices of goods and services organically, but the other is to debase the currency in which those goods and services are sold. Because the former method relies on traditional aggregate demand stimulus (lower interest rates), which has not been working, since the natural rate of aggregate demand growth is now so low (and in some places is contracting) and the supply curve is so flat; the endgame may well be monetary debasement. Under the gold standard this would not have been possible, as every new dollar would have to be backed by physical gold mined from the earth, but today money is created by printing presses, or even a few computer keystrokes. In order to debase a currency, money needs to be created at a faster pace than goods and services are (essentially, liquidity growth needs to exceed world GDP growth). Real rates will definitionally need to be negative — and in fact more negative than the real rates of competitors (think competitive devaluation). Competitive devaluation will put countries in a prisoners dilemma like situation where the best response for any country to devaluation by other countries is devaluation of its own currency. This will almost certainly incite a response from countries who may not originally even have needed to resort to currency debasement in the first place, raising the potential for full blown currency war. Implications of the Endgame According to Rick, the clear implication of this outcome is that any nominal instrument will be devalued in real terms, so the solution is to hold an asset that maintains its real value — an asset that cannot be printed. By definition, the worst asset to hold would be a sovereign bond with a negative yield, closely followed by paper money at zero yield, both with a theoretically infinite supply. What this means for Bitcoin? The implications of the Endgame make an compelling investment case for Bitcoin, a limited supply, censorship resistant, self sovereign peer to peer asset. Unlike fiat currencies no one can print/create more bitcoins. The supply of Bitcoin is fixed at 21Mn with the current circulating supply reaching close to 18Mn. This means that there are only 3Mn more Bitcoins to be mined and the upcoming Bitcoin halving in 2020 will further reduce the supply. Currently less than 1% of the world’s population owns Bitcoin, making it highly underrepresented in an average person’s investment portfolio. As more people discover the compelling investment case for Bitcoin its price will be hundreds of order of magnitude higher that it is today. Conclusion In conclusion, Rick is not the first big asset manager to point how the Endgame is likely to play. A few months ago Ray Dalio, CIO of Bridgewater Associates also predicated a similar Endgame in his article . Paradigm Shifts If the Endgame plays out as predicted then Fiat currencies will have become the biggest scheme in the history of human kind where nation states would have using state sponsored apparatus of central banking systematically stolen wealth from their own citizens, the very citizens who have elected them and whose interest the nation states are supposed to protect. So friends, take time to understand the implications of the Endgame and take the necessary action to protect yourselves. Don’t expect the governments to protect your interest because they will always try to protect themselves even at your expense. Do let me know what you think about this article and what would you do to protect yourself if the Endgame plays out as predicted . This is my personal opinion and not an investment advice. Please do your own research or consult an financial advisory before making an investment decision. And yes, I do hold positions in Bitcoin and several other crypto currencies because I like to put my money where my mouth is. Disclaimer: As an the Head of Business Development for xHUB.trade, I help our businesses partners find solutions for enabling them to trade Crypto and Traditional assets on one single platform. I regularly share my views on variety of topics of interest like ICOs, STOs, Airdrops, Crypto regulations, Crypto Derivatives and crypto markets in general. You can reach out to me on nirav@xhub.trade. About Me: xHUB is a market maker and liquidity provider for Crypto Spot, Margin and Derivatives liquidity. We provide Single API to access 132+ crypto exchanges & 3000+ Crypto pairs. 


XHUB via its FCA UK regulated entity provides buy-sides with the institutional grade Liquidity connections. Get in touch to know more. About xHUB.Trade:

The Monetary Policy Endgame and what it means for Bitcoin

On 26th April 2019, the most hyped and most anticipated movie of our generation was released Avengers Endgame, and I managed to grab the best seats in the hall for the first day first show in IMAX, Bangalore. When the release date for the movie was announced, I found out that I had booked a flight to go home in the evening for the exact same day three months ago. Living in Bangalore, with the airport being almost 3hrs away I knew that If I’m not able to get the tickets for the morning show, the movie I was waiting for almost a year will most probably get spoiled & I won’t be able to view it in IMAX which I was dying for. I was in a tough spot, this is a city where you need to book tickets at least 3–4 days in advance for the weekends, and with the added hype around Avengers, something had to be done. My friends and I would be regularly refreshing , a popular event ticket booking portal so that we don’t miss out on the tickets, but I knew this strategy would never work. bookmyshow The only solution was to automate this somehow, write a script that periodically refreshes the site and when the tickets are available to alert us in a way that we don’t miss it. Finding out when the tickets are out So every movie which is on bookmyshow gets a page of its own, for every city it is different. For Avengers Endgame for Bangalore, it was this coming soon https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/avengers-endgame/ET00090482 Screenshot from bookmyshow.com portal The only difference was it didn’t have the button at the time when it was still in the phase. So all I needed to do was periodically load the page and check when it finally gets the button element. The shell script for it was pretty simple. Book Tickets coming soon # curl the bookmyshow website

output=`curl -s https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/avengers-endgame/ET00090482 | grep -c 'Book Tickets'`

if [ $output -gt 0 ]
then
  # Alert somehow, will come to that later
fi To periodically run it, I had to run the script as a . But adding it in my own machine meant I had to keep it on at all times which wasn’t feasible. I needed to add this cron job in some remote server which will keep running no matter what. So I added it in a remote AWS server that I had provisioned for testing. You can refer to the first part of my other in case you need to provision an ec2 AWS instance for yourself. And I added the below crontab entry cron job medium article # Run the alert_ticket script every minute as a scheduled cron
*/1 * * * * sh /home/ec2-user/check_ticket.sh Alert when the tickets are available Now I needed some way in which the script could alert us after the tickets were available. The only thing I have on my person at all times is my mobile, so either sending a text message or triggering an automated call seemed the best option for me. I figured out that I can use APIs to achieve the same for free since they provide enough credits at the start to make quite a lot of calls & messages. Twilio The first part was to get a Twilio number and to register a few mobile numbers with them which would be getting the calls & messages using the docs provided . The quickstart guides for both and were simple enough to follow. I ended up with one script which would alert both by calling & messaging different numbers to ensure at least someone in my group is alerted. here SMS Voice #!/usr/bin/python

from twilio.rest import Client

# Your Account SID from twilio.com/console
account_sid = "xxxx"
# Your Auth Token from twilio.com/console
auth_token  = "xxxx"

client = Client(account_sid, auth_token)

message = client.messages.create(
    to="+xxxxxxxxxxxx",
    from_="+zzzzzzzzzzzz",
    body="Book Tickets for avengers endgame")

call = client.calls.create(
    to="+yyyyyyyyyyyy",
    from_="+zzzzzzzzzzzz",
    url="https://handler.twilio.com/twiml/xxxx")

# Send message
print(message.sid)

# Trigger a call
print(call.sid) And my script changed to calling the above script when it figures out the tickets are available. check_ticket.sh # Curl the bookmyshow website

output=`curl -s https://in.bookmyshow.com/bengaluru/movies/avengers-endgame/ET00090482 | grep -c 'Book Tickets'`

if [ $output -gt 0 ]
then
  /usr/bin/python /home/ec2-user/alert_by_twilio.sh
fi Conclusion And that’s all folks — two small scripts on a remote server are all it takes to set everything up. When I set it up for Avengers I & my friend got a call & message respectively, we immediately head over to the site. It took some time for the portal to upload the tickets for the various halls in different locations. After multiple failed payments we finally got the best seats in the hall and had an amazing spoiler-free, first time, IMAX experience for the movie.

How I coded my way to Early Tickets for Avengers Endgame

Before we begin, a note: This isn’t a sponsored article. The Keyboard Company are an excellent bunch, but they’ve never given me anything for free. Spend enough time browsing forums frequented by mechanical keyboard enthusiasts, such as , and somebody will inevitably declare that they’ve achieved “end-game” with their latest clackety love interest. /r/mechanicalkeyboards It’s a tongue-in-cheek reference to the fact that mech owners are rarely satisfied — there’s always a smoother switch, a shinier Gem Artisan keycap set or a more comfortable wrist rest out there yet to be discovered. Essentially, to achieve end-game is to discover a keyboard that ticks nine of 10 boxes; it’s as good as things are going to get at that moment in time. (End)Game on After bashing out articles on a MacBook Air since 2011, I decided last summer that something had to change. Apple’s demotion of its classic laptop in 2016, combined with my own growing interest in mechanical keyboards, led me to pursue my own end-game nirvana. Ten keyboards, a few thousand pounds later and more hours pulling off keycaps than I care to admit, my search ended. The , a Japanese-made keyboard designed for touch-typists that uses variable weight Topre switches, emerged as the victor one year later. But the interesting part to this story is not so much where I ended up, but how I got there. Realforce 87UW The journey wouldn’t have been possible without help from The Keyboard Company, which lent me numerous boards in the past 12 months and sold me the 87UW in the end. When I was working as computing editor for TechRadar last year, we spent one glorious summer day visiting the company’s Stroud HQ, interviewing its eloquent MD Bruce Whiting, aka for a . We also heard a particularly interesting tale about the time Terry Pratchett bought several keyboards from the company in the 90s. @FilcoUK, video on the psychology of mechanical keyboard users The journey Here’s a run through of the various keyboards I bought or sampled, and why each one leading up to the 87UW didn’t scratch my proverbial keyboard itch: : A gaming keyboard, one that formed my love of low-profile keyboards. It featured excellent build quality, ideal height keycaps and a wrist rest that’s so luxurious I use it to this day. Its linear Cherry Red switches actuated under too little pressure, however, forcing me to make frequent typos. Their lack of tactility meant they weren’t very satisfying to type on, either. Cherry MX Board 6.0 Razer BlackWidow X Chroma: Failing to learn my lesson about opting for gaming keyboards, I picked up a BlackWidow with Cherry Blues. I spent an entire evening inserting three rubber ‘O’ rings on the stems of each keycap to prevent the keys from bottoming-out (depressing all the way down), which resulted in a curiously satisfying clicky typing feel. The whole setup was a bit too daft to use as a permanent solution though and, shortly after, I discovered… : This was more like it. The board that introduced me to the world of Topre switches changed things forever. Using it felt like composing on weighted piano keys and made Cherry’s switches feel cheap and crude in comparison, but its plastic chassis failed to inspire and the mech suffered from excessive key rattle. I wondered what other keyboards out there used the same switch, and so I stumbled across the Japanese company Topre. Cooler Master NovaTouch TKL : My first Realforce was bought from The Keyboard Company via Amazon, and it felt like a game-changer. Sporting uniform 45-gram Topre keyswitches, a minimal design and an alluring stealthy grey-on-black color scheme, the 87U resembled a more luxurious (and solidly built) version of the NovaTouch. Hammering away on it produced a deeper “thock” sound than the CoolerMaster too. Topre Realforce 87U 45g Topre Realforce 87U 55g: This is where I can pinpoint the time that my psychological state began to shift (and my wallet began to empty). I was fairly content with the 45G 87U, but many Topre enthusiasts online swore that weightier 55-gram switches were the real deal — and I couldn’t ignore them. However, I was less impressed. For slower typists who don’t have to drum out thousands of words per day, I could see the appeal: each key press felt pinpoint and purposeful — like keyboard whack-a-mole. They were simply too heavy for me, however, and led to finger fatigue over longer sessions. Still, it was worth a punt. Happy Hacking Keyboard Professional 2: Anybody worth their Topre salt has at least given the legendary HHKB a go, and I was no exception. While its bag-friendly portability was a real plus point, I never took to its cheap-and-cheerful typing feel. Extremely lightweight, it lacked the reassuring heft of the Realforce and gave off a curiously hollow sensation. Like the NovaTouch, it also suffered from key rattle, and its unusual layout often had me reaching for keys that weren’t there. Finally, its chassis design was too tall for my tastest after coming from the Realforce. In other words: I wasn’t a fan. Leopold FC660C: For a good few months, I’d convinced myself that I’d achieved end-game with the FC660C. Combing the Happy Hacking Keyboard’s portability with switches that felt somewhere in-between Topre’s 45g and 55g switches, the FC660C genuinely stood out from the pack. For a while I regretted letting it go, and only did so because deep down I knew that I preferred the comparatively low-profile design of the Realforce. Realforce boards were the only option from here on in. Topre Realforce 104US: I didn’t realise that this keyboard existed until Keyboard Company sent me it out of the blue, and it made an impact. It possessed two features that I’d never come across in a mech: silencing, and variable-weighted keys. Combined, the 104US was both lightning fast to type on and quiet to boot. On the negative side, it was a big old traditional-sized keyboard with a numberpad, which I didn’t much care for. Did a smaller model exist? Topre Realforce 87U “Silenced”: Of course it did; and, to nobody’s surprise, I ordered one. Once again, I thought that this time would be the end of the road after enjoying using it for a few weeks. Over time, however, I began to miss the deeper and more pronounced “thock” of the non-silenced Realforce, which is a trade off when using the quieter model. Looking at the positives, this latest mech only reinforced my view that Topre’s variable switches are superior for typing than uniform ones. My pinkie fingers in particular felt less stressed after hammering away at keys for hours on end. That left one more keyboard to try… : Here we are: the culmination of nine previous keyboards. I sought a low-profile keyboard, so a Realforce was the only way to go; it needed to possess a tenkeyless layout and non-silenced, variable-weighted keys. In theory, the 87UW had everything — and thankfully it delivered. I’ve been putting this mech through its paces for around a month now, and for the first time I can’t think of how its typing feel could be drastically improved. Topre Realforce 87UW A Uniform 45G 87U (left) and Variable 87UW (right) So, there you have it. Compared to (actual, proper) keyboard enthusiasts who spend all day long lubing their Massdrop-purchased Zealios and learning Dvorak, I’m something of a novice. But I do type many words for my job from one month to the next, and as such owning a comfortable keyboard that enables me to enjoy my work is paramount. After a long search, the 87UW is finally making that happen.

ENDGAME

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-- employees

Since n.d.

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ENDGAME

endgame.io

-- employees

Since n.d.

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EVERGREEN INDEX #271

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