Instructional design models are used in the design, development, implementation, and evaluation of instruction for learning purposes. One of the models used in the evaluation of learning outcomes is Bloom's taxonomy. Bloom's taxonomy is a model of instructional design used to assist teachers, instructors, educators, and instructional designers to measure and evaluate learning. It is referred to as the universal assessment language used by teachers. Table of Contents: What is Bloom's Taxonomy? Six Levels of Bloom's Taxonomy Knowledge Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation Applications of Bloom's Taxonomy Revised Bloom's Taxonomy Six Levels of Bloom's Taxonomy (Revised) Remember Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation What is Bloom's Taxonomy? Bloom's taxonomy is an used to derive specific learning outcomes. It is a multi-layered model of classifying thinking which provides an evaluation on six (6) cognitive levels. instructional design model It also provides a common language for teachers to discuss and exchange learning and assessment methods It was developed first in 1956 when Benjamin Bloom in collaboration with Max Englehart, Edward Furst, Walter Hill, and David Krathwohl published a framework for categorizing educational goal “ Taxonomy of educational Objectives” also referred to as Bloom`s Taxonomy. Six Levels of Learning Learning is a multi-step cognitive complexity-increasing process. Bloom’s taxonomy is divided into three domains (knowledge and understanding), (feelings and attitudes), and (physical skills). Bloom's taxonomy systematically expresses the levels of learning beginning with learning on a cognitive level. Cognitive Affective Psychomotor 1. Knowledge Source: https://giphy.com/gifs/knowledge-TI32JwHmWQEi4 This refers to the recollection process which includes remembering specifics and universals, processes and methods or patterns, structures, or settings. It is indicated by certain keywords such as list, recall, name, tell, underline, and state. 2. Comprehension This is a type of understanding identified when the learner knows what is being communicated and is able to apply the material without necessarily using other materials. This level of learning is indicated by keywords such as compare, describe, discuss, explain, express, identify, recognize and translate. 3. Application This is the use of abstractions in particular and concrete situations. This level of learning is measured by words such as apply, complete, construct, demonstrate, dramatize, employ, interpret and sketch, 4. Analysis This refers to the breakdown of a communication into its constituent parts, thus making the hierarchy of ideas clear and explicit. Here the teacher uses words such as analyze, appraise, categorize, compare, contrast, debate, differentiate, inspect and distinguish. 5. Synthesis This involves putting together elements and parts so as to form a whole. At this level learners are required to arrange, assemble, collect, combine, compose, construct, create, design. Devise, formulate, plan, organize, prepare, or set up. 6. Evaluation This is an assessment of the value of material and methods used in a specific process. At the final level the following activities occur namely: appraise, argue, assess, choose, conclude, estimate, interpret, judge, justify, rate, measure, select, score, or value. Bloom's Taxonomy Revised In 2001 Anderson & Krathwohl updated bloom's taxonomy, moving it from the one-dimensional realm to the two-dimensional realm. In its one-dimensional form, Bloom's taxonomy focused on the domain of knowledge while in its two-dimensional form it reorganizes and highlights the interactions between cognitive processes and knowledge content. The revised taxonomy is as follows: Remember, Understand, Apply, Analyze, Evaluate and Create. To some degree, the levels are reorganized and some are renamed. Anderson & Krahwohl present cognitive processes as verbs and knowledge content as pronouns,  completely changing from the original which made use of only nouns. Furthermore, knowledge is redefined to include four types namely: and knowledge. Factual, Conceptual, Procedural, Metacognitive refers to the foundational elements of a discipline that will enable a student to solve basic problems in the discipline. It includes basic definitions, keywords, specific details, and elements. Factual knowledge refers to the interrelationships between factual knowledge that depicts how elements work together. It is the knowledge of classifications, categories, principles, theories, models, and structures. Conceptual knowledge explains how something is done. It is the knowledge about specific methods of inquiry, skills, techniques, algorithms, and methods needed to investigate or analyze information. Procedural knowledge shows an awareness and knowledge of one’s own cognition including strategies for learning, contextual and conditional knowledge about cognitive tasks, and self-knowledge. Metacognitive knowledge 1. Remember This is the most basic level of learning, activities at this level typically follow this structure: memorize a rhyme, recite the colors of the rainbow. Some other keywords used in this level include copy, define, find, locate, quote, highlight, outline, match and repeat. 2. Understand This is the use of abstractions in particular and concrete situations: arrange the animal kingdom according to a predetermined structure Show the difference between a rectangle and a square, and explain a basic story's narrative. Some other keywords used in this level include annotate, categorize, compare, contrast, group, estimate, express, and interpret. 3. Apply In order to ensure learning outcomes are being met at this level activities are usually phrased like this:  Recreate the passage of new legislation via a particular government/system by using a formula to solve a problem, selecting a design to fulfill a goal, and using a formula to solve a problem. Some other keywords used in this level include articulate, choose, determine, execute, examine, sketch, integrate, chart and present. 4. Analyze At this level, activities are typically described thus: identify parts of a hegemony, identify why the machine is not working. Some other keywords used in this level include calculate, deconstruct, link, deduce, illustrate, explain and distinguish. 5. Evaluate This is the fifth level of learning defined in the new taxonomy, an example is: make an ethical decision, assess the relevance of a particular physical rule, and demonstrate the relative worth of a technical breakthrough in a certain setting—for example, a gadget that aids in data analysis. Some other keywords used in this level include validate, test, assess, criticize, measure, review, and comment. 6. Create This is the sixth and highest level of the revised taxonomy. An example of an activity at this level is: design a novel solution to an old problem, acknowledge previous failures, write a poem on a given theme using a specific tone. Some other keywords used in this level include compose, mix, solve, negotiate, adapt and devise. Applications of Bloom's Taxonomy Taxonomies provide a framework for organizations within a learning structure. Educators love bloom's taxonomy because it provides them a way to think about teaching. The framework may be used to generate assessments, assess assignment difficulty, raise the rigor of a lesson, simplify an activity to better personalize learning, build a summative assessment, arrange project-based learning, frame a group discussion, and more. A thank you note to Bloom, Anderson & Krahwohl. Source: https://giphy.com/gifs/amine-h4In905tjBJoqxIbnq Mr. Bloom I know you won't get a chance to read this but I really appreciate you taking the time to create this taxonomy because it opened a door to the revolution of learning. Anderson & Krahwohl thank you for taking the leap to revise the old taxonomy, your revision is proof that learning is an evolving science that must constantly change. Thank you for creating and revising a system that ensures learning occurs systematically and learning can be measured. More in Levels of Learning https://hackernoon.com/the-addie-training-model-of-instructional-design-an-in-depth-analysis https://www.teachthought.com/learning/what-is-blooms-taxonomy/ https://bloomstaxonomy.net/

2022 - HackerNoon Contributor of the Year - Edtech

2022 - HackerNoon Contributor of the Year - Education

2022 - HackerNoon Contributor of the Year - Learning

2022 - HackerNoon Contributor of the Year - Online Education

Subscribe to my newsletter 

Nominated for 2022 - HackerNoon Contributor of the Year - Online Education

Nominated for 2022 - HackerNoon Contributor of the Year - Learning

Nominated for 2022 - HackerNoon Contributor of the Year - Edtech

Nominated for 2022 - HackerNoon Contributor of the Year - Education

Script Writer & Tutor Experience Manager 

6 Levels of Learning in Bloom's Taxonomy from 1D to 2D Realm

Relationships in the COVID-era have made us more digitally native. We use tools such as Google Docs, Notion, and Miro in our daily work lives. If you’re anything like me and my partner, who do things with a touch of and , you can use them in your personal lives too. Here are three great ideas that you can try in your relationship that will be sure to bring your partner to smiles, giggles, and geek tears. nostalgia nerdiness 1. Document your journey on a Relationship Journal During the beginning of our relationship, we created a shared document on that we used to not just journal our memories and discussions together, but also to make plans for the future. This document created a very strong bond that has kept us close to this day. Here are a few fun things we documented. Notion The normal stuff we wanted to talk about and plan The important dates and milestones in our relationship Our travel bucket lists for planning future trips Our goals so we could support and hold one another accountable Our reading lists so that we can share what each of us is learning Our relationship principles and protocols for when things go wrong Here’s a glimpse of what it all looks like: This shared document has served as a reminder of what we’ve experienced together as a couple. We’ve learned to value each other more as independent human beings who have a life together and apart from each other. If you need more reasons why you should consider documenting your relationship on Notion, I’ve written a whole as well as how you can get started. blog post If you’re looking to plan a romantic valentine’s day evening or a birthday gift, you can get my template and spend 3 nostalgic hours filling it up together. Else you can go one step further, pre-fill it and surprise them with a printed copy. here 2. Play this game with Post-it Notes to learn about each other If you’re new in your relationship and curious to learn about what your partner thinks of different topics in the universe, this game with post-it notes is a fine bet to keep you hooked for 2-3 hours. The game encourages conversations and helps reveal likes and dislikes on different things on a quantitative scale. As each opinion has a story, your relationship becomes stronger when you become aware and gradually accept the different life experiences the other person has had, which helped shape their perspectives and beliefs. The instructions on how to play can be found and for those couples in long-distance relationships, I have a Miro template available for free in the above link. here 3. Write a research paper about them and their life Alright so this one’s going to be difficult for those tight on time, but it’s easily one of the nerdiest things you can do for your partner. For this, I put my scientist hat on and described my partner as a rare and novel discovery amongst the human species. Here’s an excerpt from the paper: Given the right amount of time and connections to their friends, it is fairly easy to put together a short research article about your partner. I followed the following steps in getting this done - 1. Create a skeletal document on Google Docs with an outline of section headings. I went for the five sections listed in (i) to (v) in the screenshot above. 2. Hit up all their friends who will do anything for them. Ask them to prepare one figure and a couple of lines of description to feature in the paper 3.  Create humorous figures using and . Pro tip - Canva’s background remover tool is a phenomenal feature for quickly creating meme-worthy figures. Miro Canva 4. Block out a window of time (>= 8 hours) to write out the sections in nerd language. If writing is not your fortè, hit up one of your friends in academia to assist you with the tone of the paper. (Remember, everything in life is figure outtable!) 5. Compile all your writing, diagrams, and contributions from your partner’s friends in the Google Doc. Add an abstract and a conclusion section that summarizes the paper. 6. Hire a expert on to give your document that research paper polish. They should be able to turn this around to you in 2-3 days so be sure to keep that buffer when you start. LaTeX Fiverr If you manage to successfully pull this off, the paper is bound to make them tear up at how special you made them feel. So, what are you waiting for? Rather than gifting a generic heart-shaped box of chocolates for Valentine’s Day or a video compilation from their friends for their birthdays, go one step further and play to your nerdy strengths to sweep your boo off their feet. Also published . here

Discovery

Google

Plan A

Buy Our Digital Creations

Using Notion, Miro, Canva, and Latex for your Relationship

Hyper-converged infrastructure or HCI is a virtual approach to conventional hardware systems. It modernizes the more commonly used hardware-defined systems by virtualizing all of its elements. It is a software-based architecture that coherently binds all the major components of a network system, such as storage resources. It is a combination of data-centered servers and storage with a distributed infrastructure environment that coherently works as a single unit. Furthermore, it connects data servers and hardware devices working along with them via a software layer to re-vitalize the commonly used networking methods and systems. Hyper-convergence took birth mostly from its previous concept of converged systems. Hyper converged infrastructure typically is just like "all the eggs in one basket." The vendor or the supplier who installs such systems provide all the support ranging from hardware, software, storage, networking, and server-side products altogether. As its components are already software-defined, this type of architecture mainly relies on the concept of abstraction. It hides the what and whys of the main application and provides the user with endpoint functionality all at once. One significant difference between this type of architecture and converged systems is that converged systems mainly rely on hardware support rather than software-defined concepts and functionalities. Working Principles Some previous means of networking included eclectic mixes of hardware from various vendors and combining them all to form a rather chaotic, in-efficient working system. The consequence of such an architecture often results in a problematic and inadequate working networking system that proves to be a means of needless, chaotic, and confusing results on the end of the IT staff of an organization. A hyper-converged infrastructure or an HCI helps to solve this problem! It allows solving some of the most baffling problems of modern-day networking. It provides optimal performance and helps in replacing fractured systems with new ones. It does all this by providing scalable and flexible virtualized resources for data storage, computing, and management, all under one roof. Beyond the basic premise, there is, however, a lot to dig into about such hyper-converged infrastructures. Following are some of those points: Software and hardware deployment: It provides high levels of productivity and optimization, which allows hardware devices to better integrate with the systems and can abundantly enhance performance. It can also prove vital on occasions where high performance is needed, such as data storage and management. Some examples of hardware-based HCI are HP and DELL VX rails. It can, however, also be used as a software-defined system used for virtualizing and managing already present hardware resources. It allows the organizations to gain more and more benefits without further installing new hardware devices. Microsoft Azure Stack is a platform to get such HCI software. Integrated Approach: HCI's can provide an integrated approach towards hyper-convergence, which is a rather naive and traditional method. The appliances of the whole system are singled out, and then each of them is connected just like a dot making a line. This type of approach offers high speed and productivity. Disaggregated Approach This method of applying an HCI is rather new and is being used in some places. It mainly involves a disaggregated approach and rather than combining all the components. It makes every part run on its own and does its job. The resources are divided into modules, and all the different modules are unified together. A Sneak Peek To The Deployment HCI is an upcoming and broad new technology. This method of network systems has not been used beforehand and hence provides not many deploying options. Following are the three basic deployment methods for hyper-converged infrastructures: 1. Full deployment This mode of deployment is the most expensive method for deploying an Hyper converged infrastructure for a company's network needs. It mainly means to replace all the previous means of network systems and to essentially replace the old systems with hyper-converged infrastructure completely. This type of deployment method is generally chosen by large-scale companies which have the technological and economic resources to undergo this process. 2. Side-by-Side deployment Side-by-Side deployment, as the name suggests, means that the hyper-converged infrastructure is deployed keeping in view the previous modes of network systems. An organization "side-by-side" deploys all the necessary resources for the integration of Hyper converged infrastructure. This is not only more cost-efficient than a full deployment but also means that the company can shift its resources time-by-time. 3. Pre-Application deployment This is similar to side-by-side deployment, but one difference is that instead of shifting resources from the previous environment to the new hyper-converged infrastructure, it works for specific applications which are authorized by the organization to work under HCI. Advantages of HCI Following are some of the advantages one gains from using a hyper-converged infrastructure: Using hyper-converged infrastructures, one can make private cloud-like environments for itself. These can help to lower the costs and improve the scalability and efficiency of the systems. We can also design and deploy public cloud-like environments using HCIs for faster deployment. Hybrid clouds are another advantage for using hyper-converged infrastructures. Importance The modern era data centers have large amounts of heterogeneous data consisting of all types. This problem is resolved by the use of HCIs, and companies can now look for cost-effective methods to manage their data. Along with this, Hyper-converged infrastructure is all about speed and deployment ease. It works on the same basis as any other vendor for a regular networking company would that is to have a data-centered approach. In essence, hyper converged infrastructures are basically "big boxes," and whenever a company needs more data centers, just install "more boxes." Final Verdict All in all, it could be said that hyper converged infrastructure is the talk of the town for modern-day methods for computing. They provide comprehensive and dynamic functionality to the more commonly used methods of data management and manipulation and can help an organization in moving forward at a rapid pace that relies on data-centered methods due to its economic cost, high speed, flexibility, and scalability. More and more companies are shifting to hyper-converged infrastructures daily, and it is gaining more and more popularity over time. One thing is for certain that this technology has a bright future and will be commonly used in every large to small scale company.

Dell

Microsoft

2022 - HackerNoon Contributor of the Year - Cybersecurity

Read My Stories

Nominated for 2022 - HackerNoon Contributor of the Year - Cybersecurity

Hyper Converged Infrastructure: 'All the Eyes in One Basket'

We have the definition of money all wrong. And it's the reason so many conversations around Cardano and Bitcoin end with "I still don't see how any of it has value." Every Wednesday, I jump on a call with COR's Cardano stake pool operators to discuss server updates, block production on the Cardano blockchain, and how to best explain money and the value of what we do. Most of us intuitively understand that money is flawed but don't comprehend why. So we produced a video explaining this problem and why staking Cardano is the best solution. But in this article, I want to further clarify Cardano's success in the context of the history of money. Why Cardano Staking Has Real Value https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z7H22pMUWWU Where The Definition of Money Went Wrong I am not alone in my view that confusion around crypto is rooted in a poor understanding of money. The Bitcoin maximalist Robert Breedlove has a podcast called, He defines money as a medium of exchange and artfully explains how Bitcoin perfectly satisfies . The "What is Money?" Show. the Austrian properties of money But his definition of money is built on the wrong assumption. We didn't invent money to replace bartering as a medium of exchange. Even though it is true that we all use money as a medium of exchange, we have forgotten the other vital half of the definition. And as a result, the symbolic, religious, and spiritual power of money is out of reach for regular people. Whether it's a relationship to your tribe or your king, history clearly shows that the value of money is rooted in relationships. But before unveiling this power through the proper definition, I need to provide the full story. What Humans Used Before Money The of barter economies isn't there. And anthropologists have long agreed that the bartering narrative promoted by economists like Carl Menger and Adam Smith is entirely false. The truth is a bit more complicated. evidence Instead of barter, people relied on various forms of gift economies. Let me explain with a present-day example. Splitting the Bill (Illustration) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LsMdnCO7AOA You may be familiar with that awkward moment at the end of a night of bar hopping and sloppy McDoubles, when someone asks, how are we going to split the bill? I have two friend groups with very different approaches. The first just take turns covering the bill at each location. Everyone may not have spent the exact same at the end of the night, but there is faith that it will even out over time. This approach is a classic example of a gift economy. It only works if there is faith in the relationship. Everyone needs to be okay with sacrificing a little in faith that the others will do the same in the future. The second group is old friends from high school. We live at opposite ends of the country, so there is less faith that the first approach will even out over time. So instead, we take particular account of what we owe each night we go out. And before we part ways, we make sure to settle all debts over Venmo or Cash App. When we look through the history of human civilization, we see a very similar pattern. In the early stages of human progress, identical to my first group of friends. These were small tribes and villages connected through solid social bonds. people relied on systems of gift-giving The Earliest Prototypes of Money The earliest prototypes or precursors to money were seashells. But they weren't used in the way we would imagine. The thing with humans is that we love to mark social bonds with physical, religious, and ceremonial symbols. Wedding rings are a great example. These seashells were primarily a symbol of relationship with added benefits resembling something like money. , tribespeople in the highlands of New Guinea would give these seashells to their neighbors to symbolize their obligation to help each other. As this practice evolved, seashells became a sort of credit score, where households with lots of shells . This notoriety increased demand to a point where tribes with similar values and traditions would exchange these shells for protection and supplies. However, this exchange system never became universal because it relied on the trust of small localized tribes. Ten thousand years ago gained influence and power in the tribe How Money Evolved From Seashells to Gold Coins So just like my high school friends, economies of gift-giving face the same problem when they scale into the size of city-states. It gets harder to trust people that live far away or are strangers. This stepping stone is critical to understanding the evolution of money. In an over-commercialized society, we forget that humans are inherently collaborative and wired to work together for our survival. But we are wired to only collaborate with people we trust and know. The ancient Sumerians of Uruk were one of the first known cities to institute a solution. They gave their the authority to keep and maintain a record of debts between strangers. It worked because it took a relationship that everyone trusted to bridge trust between strangers. religious leaders Over time, competition over limited resources changed that religious relationship from authority into a military one. And instead of shared values of human flourishing and collaboration, military leaders reinforced trust with power and the threat of violence. This, of course, took many shapes and forms, with steps toward progress and steps back. But one thing that emerged was a new relationship pattern between governments and the governed. Kings who used military strength to rule would choose a commodity to and send out as a gift to their . The king would then ask for a portion of it back for peace and safety. pay the military subjects This commodity was ultimately a symbol of the king's sovereignty. But since it was the required payment for taxes, it was also a standard, more efficient measurement of debt. After many iterations, kings landed on as the best way to embody their sovereignty and measure value. And as kingdoms coalesced around gold as the divine symbol of sovereignty, it evolved to be a reliable medium of exchange between tribes, empires, and nation-states. gold coins The Definition of Money There is no denying that people use money as a medium of exchange. But its evolutionary roots in ceremonialized social bonds reveal the source of its value and power. A better definition of money then is the embodiment of a social bond used for the explicit purpose of settling debts. At the core of every social bond is a promise to help both parties flourish. And the fiat paper currencies across the globe are no different. At one point in time, we called them promissory notes. In the US, our currency once embodied the government's promise to always back its value in gold. But it broke that promise. And part of the reason why we don't understand the value of money today is that we forget that all fiat currency represents a broken promise. The Corruption of Money All currency and the social bonds they represent need trust to have value. So things go wrong when the confidence of a city, state, or nation hinges on a single king or Federal Reserve Committee. Kings can break trust by becoming neglectful greedy tyrants. And Federal Reserve committees use monetary policy to choose winners and losers in the American economy. Our video explains just how these elites manipulate the true power of money to their favor. History shows that when leaders break this trust, things get messy. Governments and their currencies crumble, humans build a new center of power with a new currency, and the cycle continues. But it doesn't repeat exactly. The general trend is a move toward government innovations that further decentralize power centers. Cryptocurrencies represent a paradigm shift in this evolution. We understand that we can't trust strangers, and we can't trust our leaders, but we trust in our evolutionary programming to work together under the right conditions. can From Cardano's inception, its open-source community of developers has worked to embed those conditions into money itself. And it's working. The peer reviewed code attracts developers who are committed to its values of decentralization, scalability and governance. These developers then build the ecosystem and  secure trust between stake pool operators, stake pool delegators, and endless list of dApps and their users. And since anyone can build on it, the cycle continues. The Cardano community’s commitment to what can really be summed up as, humanitarian values, positions it to be the currency of the people. And when you put it in the context of history, it seems as inevitable as the innovation of the internet. As its founder most famously said, the . future is decentralized Why Cardano Ada is the Currency of the People Given this revised story of money, it is clear that at the core of every tribe, community, and country, there is this rudimentary understanding that we need to work together to flourish. This bonding principle is called unity. It is also called love. Because to truly be unified, we need to sacrifice something. We need to stake our time, energy, passion, and attention in the betterment of our community. When you take a look under Cardano's technical hood, you see the very same pattern of love. The math is called the , but the design is simple. Stake pools mint every Ada token by proving that they staked their time, energy, passion, and attention to the project. Ouroboros Proof of Stake Consensus Mechanism But instead of proving this using costly computing power, they do it by showing proof of financial stake in the ownership of Cardano Ada. Cardano's proof of stake not only solves the problem of energy consumption and increasingly centralized cryptocurrency mining industries, but also provides a fundamental layer of demand for the Ada currency. When you compare the consensus mechanism to Ethereum and Bitcoin, the increased efficiency and reduced operations cost are staggering. One Ethereum transaction takes the same amount of electricity it takes to power an average American home for 1.5 weeks. For Bitcoin, it is equal to 6 weeks. But for Cardano, it is less than an hour of electricity. But decentralization is essential here. Because if efficiency is accomplished by using a small centralized group of individuals, it becomes easier for them to manipulate the conditions of trust in their favor. There is plenty of other venture capital-backed proof of stake blockchains doing just that. Making decentralized staking a fundamental requirement of Cardano's existence further secures the value of equal opportunity for all into the Ada token. It only makes sense then that this technology has developed a strong global community. And for the first time in history, we have witnessed a sense of shared identity take shape around a currency instead of the other way around. The beauty of Cardano is that we can see the fruits of this core principle in every decision made by this tribe. In 2021, it became the and was the . most decentralized blockchain most developed project on Github Every time developers face a choice to sacrifice decentralization for a competitive edge; they say "no." And it's because they understand that its core value proposition isn't "number go up" for investors, it's "freedom go up" for its tribe. The Future of Crypto The crypto revolution needs competition. And it will always need competition. The evolution of money has never been straightforward. It has twisted and turned, moved forward and back, with fierce debates on its nature and power. Why do we think that crypto would be any different? Crypto tribalism is a big turn-off, but the competition that comes with it is essential for producing financial ecosystems that offer the most opportunity to the most number of people. The COR operators and I are committed to helping Cardano achieve that ultimate vision, but we encourage the competition. We celebrate innovation across the industry because it invites more to participate. We are discovering more ways to expand opportunities through blockchain technology as an industry. For example, we are: Finding more decentralized and equitable ways to extend financial services like lending, investing and payment processing to people once cut out of those opportunities. Finding ways for artists to monetize their art without the exploitative managers and distributors. Providing fair systems of distributing property rights in both the metaverse and physical reality. The beauty of Cardano is that we are offering all of these applications on the most decentralized and secure blockchain. We may not be the fastest to market, but our commitment to core principles will prove that it offers the most opportunity to the largest number of people. Check out our to learn how to join this revolution and stake with us. Stake Pool

Ethereum

Cardano

YouTube

2022 - HackerNoon Contributor of the Year - Proof Of Stake

Discover the Benefits of Staking With Us!

Nominated for 2022 - HackerNoon Contributor of the Year - Proof Of Stake

Why The Real Definition of Money Explains the Rise of Cardano

Last week, an impressive friend of mine came to me with an idea. He had an ambitious vision for the future but was struggling with what to do next. Anyone remotely interested in entrepreneurship has been there. You have this idea you can’t stop thinking about, but you’re unsure how to make it a reality. While I certainly haven’t figured everything out, I do know how to turn an idea into a product with real customers. Getting something off the ground can be confusing. Here are the steps I shared with my friend to convert his idea to an MVP and start building momentum. ‍ 1. Create accountability Join a community that holds you accountable to make progress on the idea. Ensure the idea doesn’t die slowly from neglect. worked for me. worked for my co-founder Curtis. ‍ Pioneer YC Startup School 2. Create a landing page Throw up a landing page with a sign-up form, so you have a page you can share with others. Start collecting emails of people who are interested. I like , but or are other simpler options. ‍ Webflow Typedream Carrd 3. Add value in targeted communities Hopefully, you’re already a member of communities you’re interested in - if not join them (Discord, Slack, Facebook, Reddit, etc.) Give to the community by authentically posting, sharing, commenting, etc. Share what you’re working on and see if others are excited about it as well ‍ 4. Interview 20 targeted potential users Identify a very specific group you want to build for (eg. health tech fanatics, enterprise sales leaders, etc.) Find these people in your network or the targeted communities and ask if they have a few minutes for a quick interview Use principles from The Mom Test to ensure interview results are valid Record the interviews ( , , ) for review afterward Grain Dovetail Fireflies.ai After ~5 interviews, start looking for patterns or interesting tidbits ‍ 5. Find a partner Find a co-founder in your network or through founder communities I’m biased toward , but you might explore or YC Cofounder Match OnDeck DayOne 6. Build an MVP Use the  learnings from your user interviews to create a scrappy MVP The goal of the MVP is to advance your learnings, not to produce a perfect experience This could be as simple as a form with some manual work on the other end - do things that don’t scale The second iteration may be a no-code app, but first optimize for speed + learning ‍ 7. Generate traction Improve the MVP by repeating steps 2-6 Update the landing page, share your learnings in communities, interview more targeted people, and improve the MVP Best traction = getting paid users Other traction options → get into an accelerator, get an established advisor, etc. First Published here

Facebook

Slack

2022 - HackerNoon Contributor of the Year - Founder Stories

Sync data!

Nominated for 2022 - HackerNoon Contributor of the Year - Founder Stories

How to go From Idea to MVP

Presently, the web development industry is radically different from what it was a few years back. Nowadays, there are lots of different elements that can easily baffle anyone, especially newcomers. As a consequence, we decided to create a step-by-step guide demonstrating the bigger picture and providing easy-to-follow guidelines for people who want to be in certain roles in the web development industry e.g. PHP backend developer! For anyone who desires to become a PHP backend developer, a roadmap is a must to have in order to succeed. However, a backend roadmap earlier was merely a recommendation of technologies with no clear indication of their order of priority. To clear the woes, we are sharing a revised PHP backend roadmap to give you a better idea of how the learning process should be. Let’s start! Demand For PHP The PHP scripting language is ranked first in the list of top programming languages. Most developers use PHP to develop websites, either to add functions that HTML can't support or to interact with . Furthermore, most web servers are running PHP on the server-side. In the past, PHP was considered to be a very "light" and easy-to-deploy solution. That is due to its quick development-to-release cycle. PHP's adaptability has made it one of the most in-demand languages around the globe. MySQL databases The demand for PHP is high even though there are many rumors that PHP is a dead language. However, this statement isn’t true and the usage statistics of PHP are enough to prove. PHP Learning Path The job market or demand for backend will remain strong and high for many years to come. Since PHP language has been used everywhere you look for years, it will always be in demand in the future as well. PHP developers ● - before you even install anything on your machine. For e.g. Data Types, Control Structures, Functions, Classes, Interfaces, Extending and Implementation, Type-hint, HTTP Request Handling, Exceptions, Namespace , etc. PHP Basics Learn PHP basics online s ● - Make your workspaces clutter-free by using only the software you need to get your Mac, Windows, or Linux machine up and running. Set Up A Local Environment ● - This easy-to-use, open-source, cross-platform, general-purpose programming language has been designed specifically for site development. In-Depth PHP Knowledge ● - Testing is fundamental to the work of a back-end developer and automated, repeatable tests can help you find bugs early in the software development process. Learn Testing ● - Commonly, Nginx is used as a proxy server, whereas Apache is the back end. It would be a good idea to learn how to orchestrate each tool for optimum results. Web Servers (Apache; Nginx) ● - It is necessary for a back-end data scientist and a PHP specialist to build a database that stores and processes data fast. There is more than one way to do this; learn one, and others will make sense. Explore Relational Database ● - By providing additional storage for often-used data, cashing makes websites and online stores run faster. Cache ● - Understand and you'll be able to build better and more robust APIs for your users. Creation of RESTful APIs REST APIs ● - For anyone managing a network with multiple servers, it's critical to gain familiarity with authorization, authentication, and accounting. Authentication/Authorization Methodologies - Instead of relying on virtual machines, turn to Docker to deploy applications, and enjoy the multiple benefits Docker offers. Usage of Docker GIT (Plays a Vital Role) In addition to learning PHP, you should also become , which you will use every day, regardless of the programming language you select. Git is a tool for collaboration between teams, which allows you to save code states. familiar with Git Composer And Databases For the majority of cases, external libraries are a great solution, especially if they have earned the community's trust. However, to use them effectively you should learn Composer - a package manager which greatly facilitates connecting and updating all of your PHP dependencies. There is such a huge range of database solutions available in the market that it's actually hard to outline each one and not forget any of them. However, there are a few leaders in this field such as PostgreSQL is the best choice for relational databases, and MongoDB is best for NoSQL. PDO will help you to understand PHP's interaction with your databases, and ORMs will help you increase the security and effectiveness of the communication between PHP and the data. Roadmap for Optimization Programmers or coders often consider speed as one of the most important criteria, and debugging speed plays a very major role in determining it. There are two solutions to remove seeded from a code, but xDebug is the more common and convenient one. While the process of connecting and configuring it isn't difficult, the benefits it brings are always noteworthy. echo and var_dump However, the quality of the code and its style may seem subjective things, but teamwork requires these aspects quite often. The PSR-12 standard includes a list of recommendations on how to style the code. It is not the only standard that exists, but it is surely the most common. In order to develop a habit of writing clean code, utilize Psalm, Phan, or PHPStan linters. What About HTML? As far as PHP is concerned, Full-Stack seems to be becoming less and less mentioned these days. Fields of work have long been divided and PHP holds a prominent position at the backend. Therefore, learning HTML is not a necessity, however, it is rather a way to optimize workflow. Moreover, a key requirement is to clearly understand how to implement interaction with the front-end. In this area, we consider as essential. Web browsing might be replaced by Postman, the ultimate API debugger. Make it a habit to document interfaces with OpenAPI or Blueprint. REST and JSON APIs How to Boost Up The Project? Besides the servers, the high response rate of the project is also due to the code quality. In some cases, it's enough to reduce the number of requests to the database or to cache the results of heavy calculations. Caching mechanisms can make this possible. In the PSR-6 and PSR-16 standards, there are interfaces to organize them, and depending on your application you can choose the caching mechanism. The other way to speed up projects is by doing processing in the background. To do this, 2 categories are available: task schedulers (Crontab) can be used for mailings, recalculating tariffs, and other routine tasks. You can perform heavy operations in the background and monitor their progress without affecting the response time to users. Testing And Frameworks Testing for the code is not something that all teams do. It is generally based on a number of factors. Knowing how to write testable code is essential. This can be learned through PHPUnit practice. In addition, if you want to try other approaches, you should take a look at Codeception. have been researched, it's time to combine them into a cohesive system. If you want to avoid reinventing the wheel, look for a framework. You can make a choice from Symfony or Laravel as these are the best 2 among all. Once several tools Profiling And Monitoring Monitoring a project after it has been launched can provide you with the right answers to questions such as: are the servers coping? Is there a DDoS attack? Is there a fatal exception? Monitoring can provide you with all the information you need. It is recommended to start with logging. The PSR-3 standard describes the interface, and Monolog will eliminate the need for you to create your own logging service. By using Sentry you will be informed of errors, Grafana will display beautiful graphs, and Graylog or ELK will make it easier to search logs and investigate incidents. There will be situations in which simple monitoring won’t solve the issue. Therefore, at the beginning of your journey, focus on the crucial things. Though even after mastering the tools listed here, there is still a lot to . So don’t stop exploring and learning. learn in PHP

Apache

Be Informed

Routine

Sentry

BootesNull, the best Web & Mobile Development Company 

2022 - HackerNoon Contributor of the Year - Php

Hire Software Developers

Portfolio

Nominated for 2022 - HackerNoon Contributor of the Year - Php

New and Improved PHP Backend Roadmap

DeFi’s growth in 2021 has been exponential, turning it into a sector now worth over $100 billion. Cosmos Network is making great strides while adding new layers to its already robust DeFi infrastructure that includes many exciting projects such as Terra, THORchain, Band Protocol, and Crypto.org. One key area of growth is the addition of some of the most advanced cross-chain decentralized exchanges (DEXs) that leverage the to enable permissionless and harmonious trading across various Cosmos blockchains and beyond. Inter-Blockchain Communication protocol (IBC) The DEX ecosystem within Cosmos is growing quickly. There’s now access to new and promising tokens, higher liquidity for smooth trading and price stability, permissionless token listings, opportunities for generating higher ROI by participating in liquidity pools, and a lot more. So, let’s take a look at four of the hottest protocols right now and examine why they’re gaining traction: Gravity DEX Osmosis Sifchain Coinswap Gravity DEX There’s no doubt that the integration of , allowing for far greater application and utility. Now, Cosmos Hub can function as a to facilitate a network of interconnected blockchains. the Gravity DEX protocol marks the biggest DeFi milestone for Cosmos Hub to date ‘port city’ Gravity DEX also enhances the overall trading experience with seamless swaps, dramatically reduced trading fees, and more advanced trading mechanisms, such as order books and batch execution, that help mitigate the effects of front-run transactions that are commonly found on Ethereum-based DEXs (such as Uniswap) that haunt the average trader. Using the Equivalent Swap Price Model (ESPM), Gravity DEX provides users with accurate price information by fetching the most recent available swap price. ESPM creates a much fairer model and enables deeper trust in the protocol, driving increased usage and utility as a direct effect. Access to the advanced cross-chain Gravity DEX protocol is made possible through , an intuitive dashboard which beta version launched on August 17. Emeris Users can currently transfer and swap tokens and participate in liquidity pools across various Cosmos chains. Coming soon, to enrich the Gravity DEX and the entire Cosmos ecosystem. bridges will connect the Cosmos Hub with other blockchain networks Transactions are fueled by the , so the more transactions are facilitated through the Gravity DEX, the more utility the token ultimately provides for its holders. ATOM token There’s an ongoing proposal to build a Cosmos SDK module that will provide LPs with an extra bonus in the form of on Gravity DEX, incentivizing LPs to deposit greater liquidity and help strengthen the ecosystem of pools. This initiative is still in the works, with more information to come. farming incentives There’s also a in the works programmed to distribute inflation and gas fees to different budget plans according to voting proposals. budget module In terms of safety and security, Gravity DEX could be considered the safest protocol within the Cosmos ecosystem, as it’s secured by over $10 billion in ATOM token liquidity to support the network. Additionally, the Gravity DEX has undergone two successful Cosmos SDK Liquidity Module Reviews from blockchain technology firms: a Security Audit by and a Code Review by . Least Authority Simply VC In Q4 2021, Cosmos Hub will also where it, and other large Cosmos chains, can share security through lending assets in order to validate blocks on smaller chains. The addition of Interchain Security maintains hub minimalism by letting each unique feature become an independent chain certified by the same ATOM validators. Furthermore, it will help more easily deploy and run independent secure decentralized blockchains, preserving the open-source nature of the Cosmos ecosystem. be implementing a new Interchain Security feature Osmosis Next in the Cosmos DeFi ecosystem is Osmosis, an IBC-integrated AMM (Automated Market Maker) built using the . The Osmosis core business model is centered on two essential benefits of DeFi: modularity and privacy. These factors are important to DeFi because they spark creativity and innovation while offering full anonymity to protect user identities. Cosmos SDK framework Osmosis’ underlying system is designed to be fully customizable by providing developers with maximum liberty to build and deploy their very own custom AMMs by using a “plug and play” model. In terms of privacy, Osmosis uses cryptography to create shielded liquidity pools, thereby mitigating the issue of front-running and ensuring that balances and transactions remain invisible. This privacy benefits user safety and security so their online presence and portfolio remain anonymous. By using the $OSMO token, holders possess the ability to vote on proposed project changes, distribute liquidity minings rewards for pools, and more. Osmosis also plans to introduce “ ” that lets $OSMO holders use the token for simultaneously staking and providing liquidity to pools, thereby maximizing the economic value between the liquidity provider (LP) and security of staking. superfluid staking Osmosis has established a decentralized OSMO token allocation model to encourage alignment with Cosmos Hub’s community — this will be attained by distributing its entire genesis supply to Cosmos Hub accounts through its already ongoing ‘quadratic fairdrop’. A snapshot has already been taken and to earn the airdrop allocation, users need to engage in multiple on-chain activities like staking, and governance. Taking inspiration from mechanisms like quadratic voting and quadratic funding, the quadratic airdrop is meant to decrease the distribution inequality in the new governance set, while still recognizing the contributions of larger stakeholders. It will reward Cosmos Hub accounts that actively participate in independently staking, while reducing the amount of OSMO tokens allocated to ATOMs stored in exchanges and whales. Sifchain Sifchain is a cross-chain IBC-enabled DEX built with the Cosmos SDK. Users can easily swap and pool between the native $ROWAN token, ERC-20, and Cosmos digital assets, all more cheaply and efficiently than using existing DEXs on Ethereum. To achieve Sifchain’s mission of generating the highest possible asset transfer value between Ethereum and Cosmos, the team integrated “ ”, a bridge from Cosmos to Ethereum, in early 2021. Peggy uses pegged tokens so token holders on either side can access and reap the benefits of their assets on both chains, while also bundling liquidity. Peggy Sifchain governance is decentralized and facilitates on-chain through $ROWAN, where users can decide on adding new pegged tokens to the ecosystem. Sifchain has implemented SifDAO, a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO)-based system, which is a community-governed organization absent of central leadership where decisions are made based on a set of rules carried out on the blockchain. SifDAO operates independently of the DEX while serving as a contributor to its future development. The Sifchain DEX has also implemented continuous liquidity pools (CLPs), where users need to provide $ROWAN in addition to any other Sifchain-supported asset. As a result, LPs can earn rewards and traders are able to borrow liquidity to execute margin trades. Asymmetric pooling is another one of its key features, providing users with the flexibility to deposit any amount of tokens into a liquidity pool. Coinswap Last but not least, Coinswap is a cross-chain AMM module for dapps within the Cosmos ecosystem built on IRISnet (or the IRIS Hub), an interchain service hub built on Cosmos SDK — it’s connected with the Cosmos Hub and provides liquidity for assets linked across the different Cosmos chains. The Coinswap Web Application is the gateway to using the AMM, allowing users to swap tokens, deposit or withdraw liquidity from pools, and participate in yield farming — anyone can begin trading by connecting either their Keplr or WalletConnect web wallet. WalletConnect leverages IRISnet’s HTLC module to connect with , allowing for cross-chain transfers of assets such as BUSD and BNB on Cosmos. Binance Chain But there’s more here than meets the eye — IRISnet will be deploying the Terse IBC (TIBC) protocol, simplifying the IBC by connecting one smart contract as the overall channel for EVM-compatible blockchains. TIBC will also support NFT (non-fungible token) cross-chain transfers from the IRIS Hub to the OpenSea platform. In essence, this protocol allows for enhanced application and greater synergy between the DEXs across the Cosmos ecosystem. $IRIS is the platform’s native token, which supports and secures the underlying network. Coinswap has connected with so users can stake Cosmos-based tokens and receive rTokens (the asset’s staking derivative) as rewards. These rTokens (such as rATOM and rIRIS) can be traded on other DEXs and applications, enhancing token utility and application across the Cosmos ecosystem. StaFi Comparison Let’s take a closer look at the main features of these DEXs and shine a light on their similarities and differences to better understand how these protocols fit under the Cosmos umbrella: Although not all of these protocols offer stablecoin support yet, more interconnectivity is on the way. The Terra ecosystem announced its connectivity to Cosmos by Sept 29 , meaning will be available for trading across all of these DEXs, providing enhanced utility to Cosmos Hub and beyond. after Columbus-5 Upgrade its stablecoins Gravity DEX, Osmosis, Sifchain, and Coinswap are just a few examples of how decentralized protocols can coexist within the Cosmos ecosystem using the IBC — the potential is limitless. Each DEX comes equipped with its own unique set of features, so it’s recommended that users keep the following considerations in mind when making their selection: Total value securing the chain, total value locked on the DEX/in the pools, and verifiable safety of the code and framework for utilization Security/Liquidity: History of the chain’s production, ongoing developments, and milestones hit Historical Track Record: Design, usability, and seamlessness of the trading experience User Interface: Availability to stake, farm, and utilize innovative trading tools, such as order books and limit orders Advanced Trading and Rewards-based Mechanisms: Regardless of which factors users choose to prioritize, it’s important to keep in mind that the technology behind these protocols and features is still early. Everyone should conduct their own research and understand the associated risks before trading. Also published . here

HackerNoon Tech Stories Archive February 13th, 2022

6 Levels of Learning in Bloom's Taxonomy from 1D to 2D Realm

@onyawoibi
Celine “Oibiee” Aju

Using Notion, Miro, Canva, and Latex for your Relationship

@mdmeetstechie
MD Meets Techie

Hyper Converged Infrastructure: 'All the Eyes in One Basket'

@enteriscloud
atiq malik

Why The Real Definition of Money Explains the Rise of Cardano

@corstakepool
COR Stake Pool

How to go From Idea to MVP

@mbusel
Whalesync

New and Improved PHP Backend Roadmap

@surinderrawat
Surinder Rawat

Why are These 4 Cross-Chain DEXs Gaining Traction in Cosmos?

@cosmosnetwork
Cosmos - Internet of Blockchains

HackerNoon Tech Stories Archive February 13th, 2022

6 Levels of Learning in Bloom's Taxonomy from 1D to 2D Realm

@onyawoibiCeline “Oibiee” Aju

Using Notion, Miro, Canva, and Latex for your Relationship

@mdmeetstechieMD Meets Techie

Hyper Converged Infrastructure: 'All the Eyes in One Basket'

@enteriscloudatiq malik

Why The Real Definition of Money Explains the Rise of Cardano

@corstakepoolCOR Stake Pool

How to go From Idea to MVP

@mbuselWhalesync

New and Improved PHP Backend Roadmap

@surinderrawatSurinder Rawat

Why are These 4 Cross-Chain DEXs Gaining Traction in Cosmos?

@cosmosnetworkCosmos - Internet of Blockchains

@onyawoibi
Celine “Oibiee” Aju

@mdmeetstechie
MD Meets Techie

@enteriscloud
atiq malik

@corstakepool
COR Stake Pool

@mbusel
Whalesync

@surinderrawat
Surinder Rawat

@cosmosnetwork
Cosmos - Internet of Blockchains