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Pseudo-classes are CSS classes used to define the state of an element. They target elements that can’t be targeted with combinators or simple selectors like id or class. They are used to select elements based on their attributes, states, and relative position. A pseudo-class has a simple syntax and is identified by a colon (: pseudo-selector :pseudo-class { property :value; }) Selects the element that is at the root of the document specifically theelement unless you are specifically working in some other environment.