The 5 Best Kubernetes Alternatives

May 25th 2021 5,732 reads

Kubernetes is an open-source container orchestration tool developed by Google and is also known as K8s. It is used in managing the complete lifecycle of containerized applications. The tool provides high availability, scalability, and predictability to the containerized application. Different “Kubernetes Alternatives” are available in the market. Choosing the right tool will be based on priorities you have and the technology you need to work with it. Not all orchestration tools are equal, some may have great features but are not relevant to your needs.

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Alfonso Valdés

CEO at ClickIT DevOps and Software Development

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What is Kubernetes?

is an open-source container orchestration tool developed by Google and is also known as K8s. It is used in managing the complete lifecycle of containerized applications. Kubernetes provides high availability, scalability, and predictability to the containerized application. It automates the deployment, management, and scaling of containerized applications. Kubernetes also supports automated rollout & rollbacks, service discovery, storage orchestration, scaling, batch execution, and a lot more. Kubernetes provides the cluster where containerized applications can be deployed. Kubernetes is not the only container orchestration tool, but various “Kubernetes Alternatives” are available in the market.

Before we talk about the “Alternatives to Kubernetes,” let’s explore the key components of Kubernetes. The Kubernetes cluster consists of at least one worker node where containerized applications are deployed and one master node or control plane which manages the worker nodes. The Control plane or master node consists of Kube-API server, etc, Kube-scheduler, and Kube-controller-manager, whereas the worker node consists of Kubelet, Kube-Proxy, and Container Runtime.

The importance of Container Orchestration

We know that Kubernetes is used for container orchestration. Now let’s examine what orchestration really means and why we need it, before exploring different Kubernetes alternatives available in the market.

Orchestration is a way of automating the operational efforts required for managing containerized applications. It is a process that automates applications’ scale-in, scale-out, networking, deployments of containers, etc. All of these operations mentioned above can also be done without an orchestrator if the containerized application to be managed is very small. But when it comes to microservices applications with hundreds of microservices running thousands of containers, it becomes challenging to manage all these containers, and here comes an Orchestrator to rescue.

Kubernetes is not the only player in the market, different Kubernetes competitors and Kubernetes alternatives like Amazon ECS, Docker Swarm, Nomad, etc., are also available.

How to choose the best Container Orchestration tool?

There are various orchestration tools, i.e., Kubernetes alternatives, available in the market, and choosing the best one should be based on your business needs and maintenance capabilities. Not all orchestration tools are equal, some may have great features but are not relevant to your needs. Choosing the right tool, for instance, one of the alternatives to Kubernetes is very use-case-dependent. The decision to choose the Orchestration tool will be based on priorities you have and the technology you need to work alongside.

While choosing one of the alternatives to Kubernetes that best suits you, you should consider the following points.

The tool should provide flexible deployments and management.
It should be simple in usage and maintainability.
Flexible deployments and management.
Money and time you can spend to learn the tool and technology.
Good documentation is available of the tool.
Challenges with using Kubernetes for container orchestration
Load Balancer Configuration

Kubernetes does not come with a Load Balancer unless you are running your cluster on AWS, GCP. To route traffic from the Internet to your applications running in the cluster, you need to configure your own Load Balancer, this requires exposing the service to a port on your host machine, which can introduce the risk of port conflicts and difficulty scaling clusters.

Managing Resource Constraints

To efficiently use computing power you need to know how to configure Kubernetes to request resources for pods. If you do not implement resource requests and limits explicitly in Kubernetes, you can put your application at risk.

Logging and Monitoring

Kubernetes does not come with logging and monitoring that can help analyze logs and alert you if anything goes wrong in the cluster. It does not help monitor workloads or ensure that they are performing optimally. You need to use Prometheus for monitoring, EKL for logging, and Grafana for visualizing, as these tools do not come by default with the Kubernetes Cluster.

Security

One can not treat the Kubernetes Cluster or the micro-services deployed on it the same way you treat your legacy application. You will need to find out the vulnerabilities and fix them after you move your legacy application to Kubernetes.

No Built-in Blue-Green Deployments

Kubernetes does not come with a Blue-Green deployment strategy. Some applications do not work with rolling updates and need to have a new version in place, and for this Blue-Green deployment strategy is needed. In the Blue-Green deployment strategy, a new copy of the application is deployed alongside the existing version. When the new version is completely up and running, the older version’s requests are redirected to the newer version.

DevOps Workflows

Kubernetes does not contain a built-in CI/CD workflow or container build and update processes.

Kubernetes competitors

Amazon ECS, Docker Swarm, Nomad, Redhat OpenShift are the most popular Kubernetes alternatives and Kubernetes competitors. All of these have their own set of features, and also, there are some basics that they all seem to cover well. Let’s see these alternatives to Kubernetes one by one, along with their pros and cons.

1. Amazon ECS

Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS), one of the Kubernetes alternatives, is a managed service of Amazon Web Services (AWS). ECS is a container orchestration platform provided by AWS that manages Docker containers. It provides a serverless architecture where Docker containers run on EC2 instances that are managed, scaled by ECS. Amazon ECS has built-in security backed by AWS Identity Access Management (IAM). Since it is an AWS service, it is easily integrated with other AWS services such as Elastic Load Balancing, Cloudwatch, IAM, Cloudformation, etc. One can also use Spot instances for EC2 instances, which can save on the infrastructure’s cost.

ECS is a great choice as one of the alternatives to Kubernetes for container orchestration. You can choose to run containers on Fargate or EC2 instances. ECS with Fargate or Spot EC2 instances can help save up to 90% on billing. ECS has SLA, which guarantees a Monthly Uptime of at least 99.99%. When you use ECS, you only need to focus on building and managing applications instead of infrastructure.

2. RedHat OpenShift

RedHat OpenShift is an open-source container application platform that operates as a PaaS (platform as a service). It can only be installed on Red Hat’s proprietary Red Hat Enterprise Linux Atomic Host (RHELAH), Fedora, or CentOS. Due to its strict security policy, containers can not be run as root. RedHat OpenShift comes with centralized policy management and built-in monitoring. The support is limited primarily to Red Hat developers for OpenShift. RedHat OpenShift is a product that includes components of the Kubernetes and adds productivity and security features; this makes it one of the alternatives to Kubernetes built on top of Kubernetes.

3. Docker Swarm

Docker Swarm is a container orchestration that consists of managers and workers. It is native clustering for Docker. Managers in the cluster manage membership and delegation, and workers run swarm services. Communication that takes place between managers and workers is highly secure.

4 .Nomad

Nomad is used in deploying and managing containerized or legacy application workloads. Nomad can run Docker, non-containerized, micro-service, and batch application workloads and is one of the Kubernetes alternatives. It runs as a single binary, does not require any external services for storage or coordination, and can be deployed to bare metal with the same ease as in cloud environments. Nomad also supports seamless integration with , Vault, and Consul for provisioning, secrets management, and service networking.

5. AWS Fargate

The standard version of Kubernetes does not support the serverless computing model, while the Amazon Fargate uses the serverless computing model. AWS can only support deployments on Fargate; it is a cloud-bound technology. One needs to “pay as you go” for Fargate on AWS, and this is the advantage of using Fargate over other alternatives of Kubernetes. While working on application deployment, one needs to focus only on writing the application and not worrying about the underlying hardware. Fargate needs the least amount of maintenance compared to other alternatives of Kubernetes as it is the easiest to learn.

Amazon Fargate is the technology for Amazon ECS and EKS for deploying containerized applications without having to manage servers or clusters. While using Fargate with Amazon ECS and EKS, one does not need to configure, provision, and scale clusters to run containers.

I recommend you read this blog about Kubernetes vs Amazon ECS!

Comparison Table

How to migrate from Kubernetes to Amazon EC

Migrating your application from Kubernetes to Amazon ECS or any other Orchestration tool requires planning. Here are a few tips to consider.

While migrating the applications, it should have close to zero downtime. Production applications should be migrated in low-traffic periods. Migration should be tested in the test environment before the Production environment.

Now, let’s discuss the factors to be considered while migrating from Kubernetes to ECS.

1. Create a VPC with Private and Public Subnets. This is an optional step but recommended. It is always a good idea to have a custom VPC with the desired CIDR range and public-private subnets to deploy your containerized applications.

2. Setup an ECS cluster in the VPC you created. Ask yourself how you would like to set up the ECS Cluster. You can do it manually, using Terraform or AWS Cloudformation. If you have multiple environments like Dev, RC/Staging, Prod, then automation can help you replicate the environment.

3. Create ECS Task Definitions matching deployments in Kubernetes. You can define memory, CPU, and other configurations in the Task Definition.

4. Choose the launch type from Fargate and EC2 to launch ECS services matching your existing Kubernetes deployments. Specify replica count, deployment type as Rolling update or Blue/Green deployments, and other configurations.

5. Test your ECS services by balancing some percentage of traffic between ECS and Kubernetes. This can be achieved by setting the weight to the traffic in your DNS.

6. Repeat step 3 to step 5 for all your deployment in the Kubernetes cluster.

7. Delete the Kubernetes cluster when all the tests are successful and send 100% of the traffic towards ECS to get rid of Kubernetes resources.

Microservice using the alternatives of Kubernetes- Docker Swarm

To deploy microservices on Docker Swarm is very easy; it only requires a few steps. Let’s explore these steps.

1.Create and initialize the Docker Swarm cluster
As a prerequisite, you need to have access to servers with Docker installed on them. You can then ssh into the machine where you want to run your manager node and initialize the Docker Swarm mode using the command-

docker swarm init –advertise-addr <MANAGER-IP>
You can then add a manager to this swarm using-

docker swarm join-token manager
and a worker using-

docker swarm join –token <token> <Manager-IP:2377>”
At this point, if you check

docker info
you will see Swarm: active

2. Create docker images using Dockerfiles
Use Dockerfiles to define steps to create Docker images containing your micro-service code in it.
You can then use “docker build” to build a docker image using the Dockerfile you have.

“docker build -t <image-name> .”

3. Build and Run your docker image
Once you have your Docker image built successfully, you can test it using the “docker run” command

docker run –name <container-name> -p <host-port>:<container-port> -d <docker-image-name>”

4. Publish your docker image to the Docker hub repository
Docker Hub is the largest library and community for container images in the world. You can store your images here so that you can use them from any location globally.

5. Create docker services in our docker swarm cluster
At this point, you are ready to deploy services to the Swarm. It is as simple as executing a single command to create one service.

docker service create –replicas 1 –name my-service <my-image> <my-command> <my-argument>
Here,
docker service create command creates the service
–name flag names the service my-service
–replicas flag specifies the desired state of 1 running instance.
<my-image> <my-command> <my-argument> define the service as <my-image> container that executes the command <my-command> <my-argument>

Conclusion

It is always a good idea to step back and think twice before you follow the crowd. Always ensure that you take into consideration the costs associated with the Orchestrator you choose. Also, decide if you want support from the experts or community. Ultimately, choosing a single platform from different Kubernetes alternatives should be based on your priorities.

If you want to keep it simple and want integration to access control mechanisms, support from experts, and prefer the Cloud over private servers, ECS can be the choice. ECS is one of the greatest Kubernetes competitors. It will allow you to take advantage of AWS IAM, Cloudwatch integrations. ECS can also be an ideal choice if you are looking for an easy solution and are new to containers.

If you love CLI and want to keep your selection straight, go with Docker Swarm. RedHat OpenShift can be your choice if Kubernetes should be your platform of choice. But if you are looking for a lightweight tool with simplicity at its core, focused on only cluster management, and scheduling then Nomad is for you as one of the alternatives to Kubernetes.

Also published on: https://www.clickittech.com/devops/kubernetes-alternatives/