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 Xiaolan Zhou Yasuyuki Sawada Matthew Shum Elaine S. Tan Isishwawulo Impembelelo yeentlobo zedijithali ekubhaliseni kwe "United Nations’ (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)", ngakumbi ishishini elizinzileyo le micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs), phantsi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthintela phakathi naphaya emva kwintsholongwane yeCOVID-19 ayikabikho sifundiswa ngokweenkcukacha. Sisebenzise iinkcukacha ezinobuchwepheshe ezivela kwi-Alibaba Group’s online on-demand food delivery platform, sifumene ukuba iqonga ledijithali libe negalelo ekukhuseleneni ukutya, impilo entle, umsebenzi kunye nokuzinza kwamashishini e-MSMEs phakathi naphaya emva kwentsholongwane. Sityhile iimpendulo ezahlukeneyo zabarhwebi kwintsholongwane yeCOVID-19 phakathi naphaya emva kokusebenza kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthintela e-China. Kumda obanzi, ixesha lokutshixwa ngokupheleleyo lashiya imbalela yexesha elide kubarhwebi abakwi-intanethi ngokunciphisa inani labangena, ngakumbi kwishishini lokutya okuphekiweyo. Ngokuchaseneyo, kumda oqinisekileyo, iivenkile ezikhethekileyo, ngakumbi ezo zineenethiwekhi ezinkulu okanye iivenkile ezine-apps ezininzi, zabonakalisa ukomelela ngakumbi kunezo zingekho phakathi naphaya emva kokutshixwa. Ngoko ke, ukukhethela (kwinqanaba le-outlet) kunye nokugubungela okubanzi (kwinqanaba leenethiwekhi) kwavela njengezinto eziphambili ezenza ishishini lizinzile phantsi kweemeko ezinzima zemali. Intshayelelo Kwidashumi elidlulileyo, uqoqosho lwehlabathi luphawulwe yidijithali engenakuthathelwa ngqameko. Iintlobo zedijithali aziboneleli ngokutshintsha iindlela esisebenzisana ngazo, sixelelane kwaye sithengiselane ngeempahla neenkonzo kodwa zikwanceda uqoqosho luphumelele ukusuka kwimfiva ebangelwa yimithwalo engalindelekanga. Ukwanda kwe-e-commerce kunye nedijithali ebanzi yoqoqosho kuye kwakhawanyiswa yintsholongwane yeCOVID-19 yehlabathi (ADB  ,  ; Du et al.  ). Ngasekupheleni kukaJanuwari 2020, urhulumente wase-China wenza imigaqo-nkqubo emithathu eqatha yokuthintela kwizixeko ezahlukeneyo ukuthintela ukusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwesi sifo (Fang et al.  ; Qiu et al.  ), nto leyo eyanciphisa kakhulu izinga lokudluliselwa kunye nokusasazeka kweCOVID-19 (Alekseev et al.  ; Bartik et al.  ); yandisa impembelelo kwiinkqubo zemicro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs; Bartik et al.  ; Bloom et al.  ; Mathijs de et al.  ; Cong et al.  ; Dai et al.  ,  ; Guo et al.  ; Kong et al.  ; Wang et al.  ); kwaye yakhawanyisa idijithali ye-MSMEs e-China. Nangona kunjalo, indima edlalwa yiintlobo zedijithali ekuxhaseni i-United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), impembelelo yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthintela kwishishini ledijithali elizinzileyo kunye nokusebenza kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zeshishini kwintshukumo ye-MSME esezinzileyo kusafuneka sifundiswe. Ukuzalisa, nangona kancinci, eli nqaku elikunye neephepha, olu hlalutyo lusebenzisa idatha enkulu yobuchwepheshe evela kwi-Alibaba Group’s Ele.me e-China, eyona iyinkonzo yokuhambisa ukutya kunye nezinto ezingezizo ukutya; uninzi lweevenkile kwi-Ele.me zi-MSMEs. Eli phepha libonelela ngovavanyo lwenani lejikelezo, impembelelo yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthintela kwiivenkile ezikhethiweyo kwi-Ele.me, kwiivenkile kwiindidi zemveliso ezahlukeneyo (umzekelo, ukutya okuphekiweyo, ukutya okungaphekiyo, i-pharmacy), nasezivenkileni ngazinye ngokulandelelana. Siyixubusha indima edlalwa yiintlobo zokuhambisa ukutya kwidijithali ukufezekisa ii-SDGs phakathi naphaya emva kwentsholongwane kwaye emva koko siphakamise iziphumo zemigaqo-nkqubo kubenzi bemigaqo-nkqubo kunye nabarhwebi. Olu hlalutyo lubonisa ukuba iqonga lokuhambisa ukutya kwidijithali alibonelelanga kuphela ekukhuseleneni ukutya, impilo entle, umsebenzi kunye nokuzinza kwamashishini e-MSMEs phakathi naphaya emva kwentsholongwane kodwa likwayinto yokuxhasa ii-SDGs. 2021a b 2022 2020 2020 2022 2020 2020 2020 2021 2022 2021a b 2022 2021 2020 Iliteratshura Ukujongana nee-SDGs ze-UN ngeDijithali Ngo-2015, iNdibano Jikelele yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yamkele i "2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development", eyaseka ii-SDGs ezili-17 kunye neenjongo ezili-169 (UN  ,  ). Ukuphunyezwa kwe-SDGs kujongene nemingeni emininzi, njengokwenza kunye nokudibanisa kulawulo. Ijidijithali ithathwa njengenye yeenguqulelo ezinokuthenjwa kakhulu zokufikelela ii-SDGs (Gouvea et al.  ; Sachs et al.  ; Seele and Lock  ; Walker et al.  ). Idijithali kunye nokuxhumana koonethiwekhi kunganceda ekwenzeni ii-SDGs zengingqi (ElMassah and Mohieldin  ; Reuter  ) kwaye kuphuculwe ulawulo ukufezekisa i-SD (Athey  ; Lowman  ). Ngokusasazeka kwedatha enkulu kunye neteknoloji yolwazi kunye nonxibelelwano (ICT) kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi, idijithali iye yanda kakhulu kwiimeko ezininzi, njengokusebenza ekhaya, imfundo yedijithali, impilo yedijithali (Novillo-Ortiz et al.  ; Asi and Williams  ), izixeko ezihlakaniphile (Jain et al.  ), iirobhoti, kunye nokuncitshiswa kweemikheye kunye nezinye izisombululo ezinobuhlobo neyokusingqongileyo (He et al.  ), zonke ezi ziye zaba negalelo ekufezekiseni ii-SDGs, ngakumbi phakathi naphaya emva kweCOVID-19 (Pan and Zhang  ; Zhao et al.  ). Nangona kunjalo, ubudlelwane phakathi kwedijithali nokuzinza kusanyamezelana (Castro et al.  ; Vinuesa et al.  ). Idijithali ingadala ubuqhophololo kwimvumo yomntu yokufihla, ibangela ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwedatha kunye nokuhlolwa kwezopolitiko (Seele and Lock  ), yonyanzelise iinkqubo zendalo (Bekaroo et al.  ) kwaye ibe nefuthe elibi kweyokusingqongileyo nempilo (LaPointe  ). Idijithali ingalungisa ukungalingani kwemvuzo (Yin and Choi  ); nangona kunjalo, nokuba idijithali iyanciphisa na ukungalingani kuxhomekeke kwindlela ekubunjwe ngayo (Asongu and Odhiambo  ). Uninzi lwezifundo ezikhoyo ziye zamkela indlela yobungcali ukuphonononga impembelelo yedijithali ekufezekiseni ii-SDGs, ngelixa izifundo ezimbalwa zamkele indlela yenani. Uninzi lwezifundo ezinobungcali malunga nee-SDGs zihlolisisa i-SDG index (SDGI) kwinqanaba lelizwe (Zhao et al.  ). Kangangokuba siyazi, akukho sifundo siye sagxila kwiindlela apho iintlobo zokuhambisa ukutya kwidijithali ziye zanxusa ukufikelela kwii-SDGs phakathi naphaya emva kwentsholongwane. 2015a b 2018 2019 2017 2019 2020 2023 2017 2017 2018 2020 2023 2023 2020 2022 2021 2020 2017 2016 2018 2022 2019 2022 Impembelelo yeCOVID-19 kwishishini elizinzileyo kunye nokomelela kwe-MSMEs Ukomelela kubhekisa kwisakhono soqoqosho sokufunxa iintshukumo kunye nokulungiselela ngokutsha xa kujongene notshintsho lwezentlalo-qoqosho. Ukuzinza yingqiqo ebanzi kunokomelela kwaye ibonakalisa injongo yexesha elide, eyidibaniselwa yokusebenza kwezentlalo, yendalo kunye noqoqosho enenzuzo kuzo zombini izizukulwana ezikhoyo nezizayo (Geissdoerfer et al.  ; Ranjbar et al.  ; Elkington  ). Imithwalo engaphandle, njengeentlekele zendalo, idla ngokusasazeka ngeenethiwekhi zokubonelela okanye zonxibelelwano phakathi kwabavelisi-abathengi beenkampani (Brummitt et al.  ; Inoue and Todo  ; Carvalho et al.  ). Izifundo ezigxile kwimpembelelo yeCOVID-19 kuzinzo zingahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu: ukusebenza kwendalo (Adelodun et al.  ; Amankwah-Amoah  ; Freire-González and Vivanco  ), ukusebenza kwezentlalo (Anholon et al.  ; Christoffel et al.  ; Sharma et al.  ; Ryan et al.  ; Iyengar  ), kunye nokusebenza koqoqosho (Pan and Zhang  ). Inani eliphawulekayo lezifundo ziye zamkele iindlela zobungcali kunokubala. Nangona kunjalo, izifundo ezininzi malunga nefuthe koqoqosho leCOVID-19 kwi-MSMEs ziye zabekwa kwiziphumo zobudlelwane okanye idatha yorhwebo evela kwiingxelo zemali (Bartik et al.  ; Bloom et al.  ; Mathijs de et al.  ; Cong et al.  ; Dai et al.  ,  ; Guo et al.  ; Kong et al.  ; Wang et al.  ), kwaye ziye zahlolisisa imiba eyahlukeneyo ebalulekileyo, njengemvuzo kunye neendleko zeevenkile ezincinci, izinto ezilindelekileyo zamashishini, ukugwetywa kwabasebenzi, ukuvalwa, ukungena, inani leenkampani, idijithali, iingxaki zemali, kunye nemveliso yeefaktori zeenkampani. Nangona kunjalo, iinkcukacha ezinobuchwepheshe nge-MSMEs azikho rhoqo kwiimfuneko zophando okanye ziye zixelelwa ngesantya esisezantsi (umzekelo, kwi-quarterly) kuzo uphando (Guo et al.  ; Kong et al.  ). Kwishishini le-restaurant, abanye abaphandi baye bafumana ngokungangqalanga ukutyelelwa kwee-restaurants okanye abasebenzi nge data yendawo yeselula, imizila ye-webpage kunye neendawo zokubhukisha (Wang et al.  ; Glaeser et al.  ); izifundo ezimbalwa kakhulu ziye zamkele inani lokwenyani leziodolo ezivela eqongeni le-intanethi (Raj et al.  ). Ngaphezu koko, impembelelo yeCOVID-19 kwi-MSMEs iyahluka ngokomda woluhlalutyo lwenkampani kunye neziphawulo zayo, njengemvuzo weyingingqi, nokuba i-restaurant yeyethu i-chain restaurant, nokuba i-restaurant ikwizinzi zedolophu, okanye nokuba ilizwe linezinto zopolitiko ezahlukeneyo (Wang et al.  ; Glaeser et al.  ). Kangangokuba siyazi, akukho sifundo sangaphambili siye samkela idatha enobuchwepheshe enenkcukacha nge-MSMEs ukuze kubalwe impembelelo yexesha elide yeendlela zokuthintela kubarhwebi, abasebenzisi, abaqhubi bokuhambisa, ukungafani kweemveliso kunye nokuthotywa kwamaxabiso kwiintlobo zokuhambisa ukutya kwidijithali. Ukuzalisa eli nqaku libalulekileyo kwilteratshura, sihlolisisa indlela iivenkile kwishishini lokutya kunye ne-pharmacy eziphendule ngayo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthintela phakathi naphaya emva kokutshixwa. 2017 2021 1998 2017 2019 2021 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2021 2022 2021a b 2022 2021 2020 2022 2021 2022 2021 2023 2022 2021 Ukuvela kweCOVID-19 e-China IThebhile 1 ibonisa i-chronology yentsholongwane yeCOVID-19 e-China iqala ngoDisemba 2019, xa kwafunyaniswa izibonakaliso ezininzi zempumulo engacacanga eWuhan. Emva koko, isifo sanda kuyo yonke idolophu, kwiPhondo laseHubei, nakwezinye iindawo zelilizwe ngexesha elifutshane. Ngomhla we-23 Januwari 2020, i-China yenza inyathelo elibalulekileyo lokulawula ukusasazeka kwentsholongwane ngokutshixa ngokupheleleyo ukuhamba okuphuma eWuhan, kulandele izixeko ezisixhenxe eHubei. Ukutshixwa okuyinxenye, ii-checkpoints kunye nemimandla yokuhlala eneenkcukacha zaqaliswa kwezinye izixeko zase-China. Ngomhla we-mid-March, inani lezibonakaliso ezintsha ngosuku lalawulwa zingaphantsi kweshumi, kwaye imilinganiselo yesizwe yokuthintela ubhubhane kunye nolawulo yayiphumelele kakhulu. Ukutshixwa eWuhan kwavulwa ngomhla we-8 Apreli 2020. Ngomhla we-31 Disemba 2020, i-National Health Commission yoMbutho wePeople’s Republic of China yabhengeza ukuba i-vaccine ye-COVID-19 iya kuba yasimahla kuzo zonke izakhamizi kwaye iidosi ezingama-300 ezigidi ziya kunikelwa kulo lonke ilizwe ngoMeyi 1, 2021. Ukusukela ngoAgasti 31, 2021, ngaphezu kwe-60% yabantu base-China babenomkhuseli wokugonywa opheleleyo. Idatha Idatha yeNkcukacha ezivela kwi-Alibaba Group’s Ele.me kunye ne-Koubei I-Ele.me ibonelela ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zedatha: inani leevenkile, abasebenzisi abasebenzayo, abaqhubi bokuhambisa ngokupheleleyo nangexesha elinqamlekileyo kwinqanaba lesithili-iveki, idatha yokusebenza kwinqanaba lomhwebi-iveki, kunye neziphawulo zevenkile. Abathengi banokujonga iimenyu kwaye bafake i-oda lokutya okanye ezinye iimveliso zokuhanjiswa okanye ukuthatha kwiiresthorante okanye iivenkile ezithatha inxaxheba besebenzisa i-Ele.me application, i-Ele.me’s Alipay portal okanye i-Ele.me’s web browser. I-Ele.me iqokelela ikhomishini kwiiodolo ezibekwe eqongeni kula marhesterante okanye iivenkile kunye neendleko zokuhanjiswa ezifunyenwe kubathengi. Enye isicelo esinxulumene ne-Ele.me yiKoubei, ebonelela abasebenzisi ngolwazi kunye nophononongo lweenkonzo zobomi bendawo. Iinkonzo zokuthatha kwiivenkile zeKoubei zikhokhelwa kwi-Ele.me ngeemloko kwiKoubei. I-Ele.me yahlanganiswa neKoubei njengenkampani yeenkonzo zobomi bendawo ngo-Oktobha 2018, kwaye umngeni wayo ophambili e-China yiMeituan, eyi-app egxile kwiinkonzo zobomi bendawo. Kwi-2020 Q2, izabelo zemakethe yelizwe lonke zeMeituan kunye ne-Ele.me zazingu-68.2% kunye ne-25.4% (Trustdata  ), ngokulandelanayo. 2020 Sisebenzise idatha enenkcukacha ye-104-iveki ukusuka kwi-Ele.me eyayisuka kwi-5th week ka-2019 ukuya kwi-4th week ka-2021, oko kukuthi, unyaka omnye phambi naphaya emva kokugqabhuka kwentsholongwane yeCOVID-19. Iivenkile ezine-oda ubuncinci enye kwisampuli yonke kwakhethwa ngokungahleliyo. Ivenkile "esebenzayo" kwiveki ethile yayichazwa njengevenkile enom-oda ubuncinci enye. Izimpawu zevenkile ezihlala zinjalo zibandakanya umhla wokudalwa kwevenkile nokuba iivenkile zikwiKoubei, zibonisa ukubaluleka kwendawo ye-offline kunye nendawo kwinqanaba ledolophu-isithili. Idatha etshintshayo ngexesha ibandakanya idatha yokusebenza kwevenkile njengamanani ee-oda, i-gross merchandise value (GMV), izibonelelo ezinikelwe yivenkile okanye iqonga, inani le-Stock Keeping Units (SKUs), inqanaba lenqanaba le-shop elinikwe ngabathengi (0–5), iindidi zez

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