How to Optimize React Performace by Using useRef Hooks

And how we stopped our React Context re-rendering everything

Refs are a seldom-used feature in React. If you’ve read the official React guide, they’re introduced as an “escape hatch” out of the typical React data flow, with a warning to use them sparingly, and they’re primarily billed as the correct way to access a component’s underlying DOM element.

But alongside the concept of Hooks, the React team introduced the useRef Hook, which extends this functionality:

useRef()

is useful for more than the

ref

attribute. It’s handy for keeping any mutable value around similar to how you’d use instance fields in classes.

While I overlooked this point when the new Hook APIs launched, it proved to be surprisingly useful.

👉 Click here to skip to the solution and code snippets

The Problem

I’m a software engineer working on Rowy, an open-source React app that combines a spreadsheet UI with the full power of Firestore and Firebase. One of its key features is the side drawer, a form-like UI to edit a single row, that slides over the main table.

When the user clicks on a cell in the table, the side drawer can be opened to edit that cell’s corresponding row. In other words, what we render in the side drawer is dependent on the currently selected row — this should be stored in state.

The most logical place to put this state is within the side drawer component itself because when the user selects a different cell, it should only affect the side drawer. However:

• We need to set this state from the table component. We’re using

  react-data-grid

  to render the table itself, and it accepts a callback prop that’s called whenever the user selects a cell. Currently, it’s the only way to respond to that event.
• But the side drawer and table components are siblings, so they can’t directly access each other’s state.

React’s recommendation is to lift this state to the components’ closest common ancestor, in this case,

TablePage

. But we decided against moving the state here because:

1. TablePage

   didn’t contain any state and was primarily a container for the table and side drawer components, neither of which received any props. We preferred to keep it this way.
2. We were already sharing a lot of “global” data via a context located close to the root of the component tree, and we felt it made sense to add this state to that central data store.

Side note: even if we put the state in

TablePage

, we would have run into the same problem below anyway.

The problem was whenever the user selected a cell or opened the side drawer, the update to this global context would cause the entire app to re-render. This included the main table component, which could have dozens of cells displayed at a time, each with its own editor component. This would result in a render time of around 650 ms(!), long enough to see a visible delay in the side drawer’s open animation.

Notice the delay between clicking the open button and when the side drawer animates to open

The reason behind this is a key feature of context — the very reason why it’s better to use in React as opposed to global JavaScript variables:

All consumers that are descendants of a Provider will re-render whenever the Provider’s

value

prop changes.

While this Hook into React’s state and lifecycle has served us well so far, it seems we had now shot ourselves in the foot.

The Aha Moment

We first explored a few different solutions (from Dan Abramov’s post on the issue) before settling on

useRef

:

1. Split the context, i.e. create a new

   SideDrawerContext

   .
   The table would still need to consume the new context, which still updates when the side drawer opens, causing the table to re-render unnecessarily.
2. Wrap the table component in

   React.memo

   or

   useMemo

   .
   The table would still need to call

   useContext

   to access the side drawer’s state and neither API prevents it from causing re-renders.
3. Memoize the

   react-data-grid

   component used to render the table.
   This would have introduced more verbosity to our code. We also found it prevented necessary re-renders, requiring us to spend more time fixing or restructuring our code entirely, solely to implement the side drawer.

While reading through the Hook APIs and

useMemo

a few more times, I finally came across that point about

useRef

:

useRef()

is useful for more than the

ref

attribute. It’s handy for keeping any mutable value around similar to how you’d use instance fields in classes.

And more importantly:

useRef

doesn’t notify you when its content changes. Mutating the 

.current

property doesn’t cause a re-render.

And that’s when it hit me:

We didn’t need to store the side drawer’s state — we only needed a reference to the function that sets that state.

The Solution

1. Keep the open and cell states in the side drawer.
2. Create a ref to those states and store it in the context.
3. Call the set state functions (inside the side drawer) using the ref from the table when the user clicks on a cell.

The code below is an abbreviated version of the code used on Rowy and includes the TypeScript types for the ref:

Side note: since function components run the entire function body on re-render, whenever the

cell

or

open

state updates (and causes a re-render),

sideDrawerRef

always has the latest value in 

.current

.

This solution proved to be the best since:

1. The current cell and open states are stored inside the side drawer component itself, the most logical place to put it.
2. The table component has access to its sibling’s state when it needs it.
3. When either the current cell or open states are updated, it only triggers a re-render for the side drawer component and not any other component throughout the app.

You can see how this is used in Rowy here and here.

When to useRef

This doesn’t mean you should go ahead and use this pattern for everything you build, though. It’s best used for when you need to access or update another component’s state at specific times, but your component doesn’t depend or render based on that state. React’s core concepts of lifting state up and one-way data flow are enough to cover most app architectures anyway.

Thanks for reading! You can find out more about Rowy here and follow me on Twitter @nots_dney.

Also published at https://medium.com/better-programming/how-to-useref-to-fix-react-performance-issues-4d92a8120c09