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How to Map Your Home Networks Using NMAP is an easy way to learn the basics of the network network. The network layer manages flow control and handles re-transmission of dropped or garbled packets, and acknowledges all packets that arrive. This is how a connection is established and maintained until the application programs at each end have finished exchanging messages. The first ACK (4 bits) is the size of the header and the maximum number of the data and the name of the sender of the packet is set to the start of the next segment.