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The challenge is determining the best data structure to accommodate these kinds of needs. One such good option is the Fenwick tree, which takes logarithmic time for each query (both update and range query) The article explores the concept behind this intriguing data structure. The idea of the idea is to maintain a list of the length of the list `T`T[i] Each element is the same as that list `A` Each element in the list is stored in the same list of elements in the range.