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A Humble Note to the Audience I am a beginner and an avid learner. In this article, I will share my journey of becoming a Software Quality Analyst by translating my previous experience in Journalism and how I am presently combining my Journalism and SQA expertise to access the world of Cybersecurity. There are many seemingly ‘unrelated’ skill sets I have ‘hacked’ to tailor to my SQA job responsibilities alongside basic application security testing. So, the terms Testing and SQA will often overlap with my ongoing Cybersecurity learning journey. First, I would like to brief the transitions of my job responsibilities before getting into further details. The Transitional Periods: Journalism to Software Testing I started my career at the print version as a city desk sub-editor after completing my graduation in English Literature and Linguistics in 2014. The newspaper was a hub of veteran senior journalists from the ‘typewriter age,’ and the year itself was a transitional period to digital journalism. The journalists were interestingly either indifferent or facing a bit of hardship in adopting new technologies like editing copies in text editors, utilising news agencies and emails from correspondents on the internet as news sources. Daily Observer Being the junior most staff in the house who had some handy technical knowledge, I was unofficially appointed to another post as a communicator between these journalists and seemingly 'new technologies. So, apart from my regular journalism, I became an unofficial tech support for them. I spent countless nights listening to their technical hardships, analysing their problems, and finding out solutions for them. I took full advantage of this opportunity by working closely with technology bit reporters, reading technical books, blogs, and articles on programming, problem-solving, computer systems, operating systems, cybersecurity… anything related to computer systems and the internet. In 2018, I joined the print version as a sub-editor. A few months later, I was shifted to its online version. New Age I had an opportunity to interact directly with journalists from the spot, collecting information from them, cross-checking facts, preparing to-the-point stories, and publishing them on the portal in time. The fun parts in this section were analysing reader behaviour from google analytics. After primary analysis, we used to fix what type of stories will be published at which time. I also had to work closely with our technical team if there were any unusual behaviour like 502 errors, any story or photo missing, news item format issues, etc., in the web application. Gradually I got an additional role of ‘Website Quality Analyst’ here. During this period, I wrote after a month’s effort. This piece was published in the now defunct youth segment of the newspaper, ‘New Age Youth’ — one of the sweetest memories of my career as a journalist. Myths and reality of a parallel world’s defence mechanism Later in 2021, I finally joined Penta Global Limited as an SQA — my real-life entry into the Information Technology industry. Cordial thanks to my childhood friend Farhad Naeem who first taught me programming and recommended me as an SQA before my CTO. So far, this is my story. Remember that I am not an expert Journalist, SQA or Cybersecurity professional. The below writing is my personal opinion on the most important skill sets and how I translate them into my daily job responsibilities. Communication, Communication and Communication The way humans communicate makes them stand out from other animals. So, it does not matter if a person is an introvert or a ‘geektrovert,’ s/he needs to maintain some level of communication; however, the audience will vary in size. To be precise, an ‘introvert’ most of the time communicates with the self, while the ‘geektrovert’ communicates with one or two specific cliques. A good problem solver knows different ways to communicate with problems, and their solution, utilising required tools and translating the solution for specific purposes. , I would advocate for a ‘weak’ student as a person who is having a sort of hardship with communicating the core concepts of a specific subject e.g. Math or a Foreign Language, as well as the classroom and instructor. It is NOT that the individual lacks ‘intellectual abilities’ like toppers. So, as a side note As an SQA, tester, or cybersecurity professional, a person must have good communication skills to access the process of , Business and Development Technologies The very basic triad can be explained like this — A firm employs developers if a concept has business values. Developers then use different technology stacks to realise the concept into a software application and deliver it for testing. So, an SQA must have some solid communication skills to understand these scenarios for a better test plan and execution to ensure product quality and security. I had to frequently put on the shoes of readers, reporters, and sub-editors to publish timely stories in my past career. I had to train my brain for any inconsistency in information in the shortest possible time. Let me share a recent experience as an SQA. We have deployed a stable one-stop service for the national export/import authorities for around three months. This system consists of different forms to be filled out by investors to obtain different certificates from the authorities concerned. One of the forms had the following feature (I’m using dummy labels) On a good sunny Sunday morning, my project lead, who was then busy with another project of our firm, sent me a short message to immediately deal with a client requirement that the Sum field would be . At first look, it seems insane, naturally. But my journalist instinct gave me a hint that there might be some communication or information gap. editable So, I quickly contacted the client-side IT Systems Expert. After analysing the requirement, the fact was clear finally. They wanted the third field to be an individual editable numeric input field, and there would be no summed-up value of Num Input 1 and Num Input 2 in this field. To sum up, the calculation was NO longer needed. Good communication skill lets a tester make authorities concerned to understand the weight of a bug and the values it adds to a product. To be precise, if an SQA or Tester is good at communicating with Problems, Machines, and Humans, it will build a concrete base of any skill set. Among them, a few are Understanding and getting involved in Software Development Life-cycle Simultaneously interacting with development, management, and client teams Mastering problem-solving skills, required programming languages, and tech stacks Getting a clear picture of a system under test and discovering bugs Understanding the weight of a bug, clarify development and management teams the value it can add to the product The list goes on …. Not all Reports are Published: Some Bugs are NOT Bugs Those who have some in-house experience in media or submitted contributions to one are aware that all the stories are not published because it is a waste of time and sometimes damages the reputation of a house. A seemingly quiet newsroom is a place where the storm takes place in the brain of journalists, like the development room in the Tech Industry. They are busy with problems worth solving. For example, a development team is busy implementing a new feature on a tight timeline. There are one or two typos in the feature. As well as, they did not tokenize some sensitive API calls due to test purposes. Should a tester make reports on the aforementioned issues? No, it is a waste of time and effort. The tester should rather be aligned with the development team and keep track of those issues. S/he should ensure that the issues are implemented before the version goes to production. Personally, I define a bug as a BUG if it system or features Breaks security issues and Uncovers bad reputation of a team or firm Generates Yes, when there are no bugs, a typo can question the language efficiency of a team. A simple text box alignment issue can also generate a bad reputation of an Omega SQA as a cherry on the top, especially when s/he is under a close-door ‘interrogation’. Adopt OWASP It all works. The reported bugs have been fixed. Now we are prepared to seal it off ‘QA Passed’. Hold on!! During the dawn of Web3, almost every software project interacts with the Internet and API calls to different extents. This makes software applications vulnerable to various types of threats in the ‘ Wild Wild Web.’ So, adopting OWASP is not only a good choice for further ensuring better software quality, but I have found a solid platform to start my journey towards cybersecurity practically. The project OWASP contains many Top 10 vulnerability lists on Web, Mobile, API, and IoT software applications that are good starting points for beginners and references for experts. I assume the steadily growing project will soon cover the Top 10 vulnerabilities of AI, ML, Blockchain, and W3 applications. I would share a bit of my experience here. Our production deployment was delayed for about a few weeks, and I had a golden opportunity to conduct penetration testing on our web application. I found three textbook vulnerabilities from OWASP. The finding, exploiting, PoC, and reporting phases were equally enjoyable to me, where I had another golden opportunity to utilise my technical and journalistic skill sets successfully. Among them, two critical ones were fixed, and the rest had been put in the backlog. Why?!! Keep reading … Discovering Vulnerability: It is the Beginning of a Long Journey If we find and can reproduce a vulnerability, e.g. an injection point somewhere in an application, it is not the ending and often not worth a formal bug report. It is often the tip of an iceberg. Because a vulnerability is worthless sans a proper exploit. In my words, an exploit is a procedure to take advantage of a vulnerability to modify a software application in such a way that it was not meant to be. So, in this case, the better approach is to inform the development team and keep track of if a new feature or any modification in the system can open a risk of exploiting the vulnerability. For an oversimplified journalistic example, a news reporter submits a 500-word story about bumper production of main staples in areas where it has been growing constantly for the past 40 years, contributing to a country's economy. This ‘news’ is worth mentioning once in a news story as a piece of information. This piece of information might hit the headlines if the country faces a food crisis despite the bumper production of that staple. So is discovering a vulnerability. It takes effort and time to find out one. But without a proper exploit and a proper workflow to utilise it, the discovery is often not worth a detailed report. So, we must develop a way to exploit a vulnerability when we find one. Sometimes we have to wait patiently, like a real-life cyber criminal to develop a workflow to use the vulnerability to produce PoC that brings the true weight and relevance to our report. Tooling: The Samurai Dilemma “They are my slaves [ books and papers ] and they must serve me as I please.” - Karl Marx Tooling does not give birth to an artist, artiste, tester, or person who stands out in her/his arena. I cannot remember any argument on Albert Einstein’s efficiency in using calculators, handwriting, or accounting. Have you ever heard or read art critics arguing over which tools Leonardo Da Vinci or Michelangelo were efficient on? Do we expect a person efficient in the grammar of a certain language would contribute to the literature of that particular language? The answers are big, Big NOs. The person behind tools defines the shape of a piece of art. As any testing is an art, this is true for Quality Assurance and Cybersecurity. Hold on! There is a catch. In reality, some tools are so embedded in certain crafts. For example, is a nylon string guitar for classical music and a Nmap for network scanning. OK, here comes my ‘ ’ Samurai Dilemma Theory Anyone will want to be a Samurai after seeing their depiction in anime and movies. But it takes a long time, rigorous training, and extreme devotion to become a samurai soldier in reality. So, if a random person is given a samurai sword to show some acts, chances are high that he would injure himself. Moreover, he might lose his life on the real battlefield. On the other hand, the result will be the same if an expert Samurai guru wants to fight against modern artillery without ‘modifying’ her/his sword. So, the point is a Tester, or SQA, will choose, modify, and develop her toolbox utilising creativity and responding to needs. S/he would not stick to a specific testing method, OS distro, or tool set but rather modify existing ones or adopt new ones. In the end, for creative minds, Windows vs Linux, Python vs Ruby, C++ vs Rust, and VIM vs VS Code arguments don’t matter. They just pick or discard their tools to create a piece of art. Do you need some Proof of Concept about the classical guitar example I mentioned above? Just listen to Tim Henson and see how to play rock pieces with a custom nylon string classical guitar !! In future writeups, I will show you how Nmap can be used in a bash script on a raspberry pi box to build a basic 24/7 intrusion detection system. A Note on Automation This is the bonus section before I wrap the long story up. I was an automation freak when I started my career as an SQA in August 2021. A few months later, our tech lead and development lead held a meeting with me. They assured me that they will inform me when we REALLY need test automation suits. Until then, we should focus on ‘manual testing.’ I researched the internet and realised there is no such thing as ‘automated testing.’ It is yet another utility tool under the belt of a seasoned tester to ensure a software application's quality or security measures. Although, this point of view has criticism. I have never heard of ‘automation’ hypes in the world of cybersecurity or penetration testing other than vulnerability scanners like Nessus or frameworks like Social Engineering Toolkit (SET) or Metasploit. The only field where the term ‘automation’ has become a buzzword in the SQA world. Why? This answer needs in-depth research and an entire article on the topic. Dear learned readers, please pardon my ignorance if I am wrong. There are many AI tools in the wild for writing articles and making beautiful paintings. But, human intervention is a must for fine-tuned results as of writing this article on November 29, 2022. Yes, there are arguments that GitHub Copilot and AI will rule the world in the near future, which I am not taking into consideration in this article. Rather, I would reiterate that automation is merely a tool in the toolbox of a tester, as discussed in the above section. A seasoned SQA or Security Professional will miss certain important findings if they heavily depend on automation results, while beginners like me will OBVIOUSLY miss a lot of interesting things that will build a solid foundation of their understanding of the art of testing. Personally, I prefer automating a few regressive features with well-handled corner cases in a system. This will add good value to testing by saving some regression test time and effort given by testers. stable If the requirements of a product change too frequently in a cyclic order, test automation will NOT bring any value against the given time and effort. So, confirming a product’s stability and pin-pointing test scopes are inevitable parameters to be ensured before we build our automation test suites. Final Thoughts Dear reader, you deserve cordial thanks for reading this long article. Here are some final words for my fellow journalists, SQAs, Testers, and Cybersecurity professionals. The Reporter vs Desk and SQA vs Dev fighting is a long-existing tradition worth mentioning. When we report a bug, a developer first tries to identify whether it is a feature we misunderstood. When developers successfully deliver a new feature, an SQA suspects there must be one or more bugs, while security professionals are one step ahead to hack into their implementation logic.  The internet is full of humorous memes in this regard. This is a healthy creative practice because our ‘confrontations’ keep the information intact or deliver quality software applications to serve humanity in the end. So, there is nothing personal if the concerned authorities ask us why a bug that is actually stashed under a 20-day-old backlog was not reported. And this will often happen if you are an and testing multiple projects. Just put on their shoes. They have critical problems, like us, to solve. The piece by James Marcus Bach is a must-read for  every Tester, SQA and Cybersecurity professional. Omega Tester Omega Tester Please feel free to share your opinion, constructive criticism, and professional advice with me. Note: All the images are captured by the author.

A Journalist’s Journey to the World of Cybersecurity

If you’re like me, you will likely have a collection of favorite Google Chrome coding extensions that help you get your work done better. Over time, I have found these 4 Chrome extensions to be especially useful for my coding workflow. They will help you be more efficient, save time and just give you a overall better coding experience! I can encourage you to check them out and make sure to comment on what your favorite extensions are. 1. YouCode ( ) You.com YouCode is a new type of search engine built for developers. It allows you to copy coding snippets from StackOverflow, W3 Schools or Geeks for Geeks right from the the search results page and view content in side panels, which has been an absolute game changer for me. YouCode supports over 20+ popular coding websites (including Github and Towards Data Science) and also has a JSON validator and Color Picker built right in. This extension is an absolute time saver for me. Link to the Chrome extension: https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/youcom/afiglppdonkdbkkaghbnpklddbemkbpj 2. Web Developer This extension adds a whole toolbar with various web development tools to your browser and is a must have for anyone doing web dev. Display div dimensions, view JavaScript, disable CSS styles, display alt attributes or view meta tag information are only a tiny fraction of what this tool can do. Link to the extension: https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/web-developer/bfbameneiokkgbdmiekhjnmfkcnldhhm 3. Window Resizer for Developer To make sure your work is looking good on all screen sizes, this extension allows you to switch through different screen resolutions quickly and see if your media breakpoints are working as expected. Link to the extension: https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/window-resizer/kkelicaakdanhinjdeammmilcgefonfh/related 4. Wappalyzer Wappalyzer makes it easy to find out what CRM, frameworks, ecommerce platforms, Javascript libraries, server software, analytics tools, payment processors, marketing tools and more websites are built with. Understand better how websites work and which technologies could also be useful for your own work. Link to the extension: https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/wappalyzer-technology-pro/gppongmhjkpfnbhagpmjfkannfbllamg/related?hl=en I can highly encourage you to check these extensions out and hope you will be able to find value using them. I would love to hear your opinion and make sure to share your favorite extensions in the comments too!

4 Google Chrome Extensions That Improve My Coding Workflow

4 extensiones de Google Chrome que mejoran mi flujo de trabajo de codificación

Have you ever visited a website where as you scroll down the page, the contents of the webpage gradually begin to reveal themselves as you approach them? You got to admit, it's a pretty sleek feature. Have you ever wondered how you could implement this feature in your projects without using third-party libraries or plugins? Well, JavaScript has a native Intersection Observer API that lets you do just that... and much, much more. In this article, we will discuss how this Intersection Observer API works and how we can use it to detect the visibility of an element by building a simple web page that implements this "reveal contents on scroll" feature. Prerequisites Basic knowledge of JavaScript (beginner level is acceptable as I'll explain everything in great details like I was explaining to a 5-year-old. :) Basic knowledge of HTML and CSS (you've built at least one basic webpage with them). A code editor (VS Code recommended). And a browser of course (Chrome or Firefox recommended). What is the Intersection Observer? The Intersection Observer API is simply a new way to observe (monitor) the position and visibility of an element in the DOM relative to another root element and to run a callback function if these elements intersect (meet). Now you might wonder, What exactly is a root element? Well, a root element is simply an element that is a parent or container element to other elements. Meaning, If we created a in an HTML document and inside this we placed a text, the becomes the direct root element (parent) of the text as it is what contains the paragraph. div div p div p Lorem, ipsum. < > body < > div < > p </ > p </ > div </ > body Based on this logic, we can safely say the is also the immediate parent to this and also a grandparent to the text. But you know what else is the ancestral root element of everything in the DOM? The browser viewing the HTML document becomes a container (root) to whatever area of the webpage that is visible to the browser's viewport (screen) at any time. body div p So in essence, the Intersection Observer API can be used to observe an element to see if that element intersects (meets or passes across) its root element in the DOM or if it simply enters or leaves the browser's viewport. And for the observer to trigger a callback function when this event takes place. A callback function is simply a normal function that is provided to another function as that function's argument (the actual value for its parameter). Note: Below is an image I've prepared that illustrates an actual Intersection in action, It should give you an idea of how it works, but if it's still unclear, don't sweat it... I'll explain everything in a minute. Creating a Basic HTML/CSS Page Now that we know what an Intersection Observer is, let’s dive into its implementation. We’ll start by creating a simple HTML page with 3 sections, the first and third section is of little interest to us as we will mostly be working with the second section, we simply want more room to be able to scroll down the page. Section 1 Section 3 < > body < = > section class "section-1" < > h2 </ > h2 </ > section < = > section class "section-2" < = = = /> img class "img" src "background.jpg" alt "" </ > section < = > section class "section-3" < > h2 </ > h2 </ > section </ > body Now for the CSS, we'll give each section a of , center the contents of each section using , then give the image a fixed responsive width and make each section obvious by applying a background colour to separate them. Lastly, we will create a class that will be responsible for hiding and revealing our content later on using JavaScript. height 100vh flex hidden { : ;
} { : ; : ; : all ease-in;
} { : ; : ; : flex; : center; : center; : hidden;
} { : ;
} { : ; : (100%);
} h2 font-size 3rem .img width 95% max-width 600px transition 1.5s section background-color #dbe6eb height 100vh display justify-content align-items overflow .section-2 background-color #fff .hidden opacity 0 transform translateX The resulting layout👇 Great, we have our basic webpage set up, now let's dive into JavaScript and talk about the Intersection Observer. Implementing the Intersection Observer API To use the intersection observer API we need to start by first creating one using its default object constructor function. IntersectionObserver(); new This constructor function is basically an in-built function in JavaScript that is responsible for creating an observer that we can then use to observe our target element, and this constructor has two parameters that take in two arguments. The first argument is a callback function that is called when there is an intersection with the observed element. Remember what a callback function is? Simply a normal function that is passed to another function as that functions argument, so basically the Intersection Observer is given a function to call when there is an intersection. The second argument is an object containing options to customize the observer. This argument is actually optional and can be left out, if not provided the observer will use its default options (more on that later). Now let's create an Intersection Observer. Firstly, let’s select the target element we want to observe. section = .querySelector(‘.section ’); const document -2 Then let’s create an observer to observe this element. section Const theObserver = IntersectionObserver(callbackFunction, options); Once we have created an observer, we have to tell the observer what target element to observe using its built-in method on the observer. This method receives the target element to be observed as its argument. So let's do just that. observe() theObserver.observe(section); Let’s go through what we just did now, we first selected a target element to be observed , then created an observer , and finally, we told the observer what to observe bypassing the target element to be observed into the observer using the method. That's it, we have everything set up, the only problem is we have neither defined our nor the object so they are currently undefined. section theObserver observe() callbackFunction options The Options Object Now, let's define the that we initially passed into the observer constructor on creation as it is still linked to nothing at the moment. I’ll start with defining the options object (recall that this is used to customise the observer) and then explain each property inside. options Observer Note: Because an object can not be hoisted (used before it is defined), to avoid errors it should always be defined at the top before passing it to the observer, or the actual object itself can be passed as an argument to the when creating the observer. With that in mind, let's rewrite the JavaScript code we have written so far in the appropriate order. section = .querySelector(‘.section ’); options = { : , : , : ,
} theObserver = IntersectionObserver(callbackFunction, options);
}
theObserver.observe(section); const document -2 const root null threshold 0.3 rootMargin "-100px" const new This is where we specify what exact root element we want our observed element to intersect against. The is usually an ancestor of the target element in the DOM (i.e a container or parent element of the observed element). The value is set to if we want the observed element to intersect with the entire browser's viewport (that's the default value). Think of the root element as a rectangular “capturing frame” that the observed target element needs to make contact with. root: root null The is basically the percentage of the observed target that should come into view before it can be considered an intersection. Confused? Well, do you want the target element to completely come into view (become 100% visible) before triggering the callback? or do you want just a fraction of it to be visible in the browser's viewport before running the callback? That's what you have to specify as the . threshold: threshold threshold The receives a numeric value between 0 and 1 which represents the percentage in which the target intersects the root. Meaning 0.1 represents 10%, 0.2 is 20%, 0.5 is 50%, and 1 is 100%. The default value is 0, which means the intersection occurs as soon as the observed element hits even 0px of the (about to come into view). threshold root The received value can either be a single value (which means you want the target element to make a single intersection) or multiple values in an array (which means you want the target element to make multiple intersections and to run the callback for each intersection). The intersection is triggered each time the target element is making an entry or exiting the root (viewport). Meaning if the threshold is 0.1, the intersection will occur when 10% of the element is visible and another 10% intersection will occur when it is leaving the viewport. Because the root element is considered to be a rectangular frame (bounding box) with four sides, margins (positive or negative) can be applied to the root element just like in CSS, to grow or shrink its frame of intersection. rootMargin: Recall that the browser's viewport is our element (which is a rectangular frame) and we set the to ? that means the intersection should occur when 30% of the observed element comes into view. Now, we also went ahead to set the to , this will shrink the intersection frame by and the intersection will no longer occur at our specified 30% but would instead wait until another 100px of the target element has come into view after the initial 30% (think of it as adding 100px to the 30%). root threshold 0.3 rootMargin -100px -100px threshold If the margin was set to the intersection would be triggered while the observed element was still away from the 30% threshold (the negative margin shrinks the frame of the intersection while the positive margin grows it/pushes it outwards). 100px 100px The Callback Function We can now define our callback function, which is the last piece of the puzzle. So let's define the function but we won't do anything with it just yet because we have to first take a look at the behaviour of the Intersection Observer and how it actually works. When a webpage with an Intersection Observer is initially loaded for the first time, the Observer always fires the provided callback function once by default regardless of an actual intersection or not (I know, it's a weird behaviour). When this occurs, the observer passes an array to the callback function, and this array itself contains an object inside of it. This object contains several properties that describe the intersection between the target element and its root container. entries entries IntersectionObserverEntry Enough talk... let's define the callback function so we can see the object itself. { .log(entries);
} ( ) function callbackFunction entries console We have defined the callback and provided an entries parameter for the observer to pass its observations and we are logging to the console the actual argument that is passed into the parameter when the callback is fired. If we now load the site and open up the dev tool, below is what we see 👇 As you can see in the dev tool the entries contain several details about the intersection, you can explore each of these properties on your own but in this article, we'll only be looking at the following: This is the actual element that is being observed by the observer for an intersection with the root element. target: This returns a value of if the target element being observed is currently intersecting (if the of the target element has intersected) with the element or if that's not the case. isIntersecting: Boolean true threshold root false This returns a value of or which indicates whether or not the target element being observed is currently visible in the browser's viewport. isVisible: Boolean true false Now that we understand what returned values these properties contain, we can now write a proper function that checks the entries object to see if our target element has intersected with the browser's viewport and to do something with that info. But before proceeding to the callback, let's select the content we wish to reveal on Intersection. imgContent = .querySelector( ); const document ".img" Now let's define the callback, before going through it line by line. { [entry] = entries; (entry.isIntersecting) {
    imgContent.classList.remove( );
  } {
    imgContent.classList.add( );
  }
} ( ) function callBackFunction entries const if "hidden" else "hidden" Now let's dissect the function line by line. Recall that the Observer passes an entries array to the callback containing an IntersectionObserverEntry object? I simply deconstructed (extracted the object in) the array and stored it in an variable to make it easier to directly access the properties of interest stored in that object. const [entry] = entries; entry Afterwards, we check the property to see if our target element (the target section-2) has intersected with the viewport, If the value is we remove the class that we initially created in our CSS from the image to reveal it (you might be wondering why we are removing a hidden class that we never did add to the image... the else block below is your answer). if (entry.isIntersecting) {imgContent.classList.remove("hidden")} isIntersecting true hidden Else if the value is we add the class to the image, But do you recall that the callback function gets fired once by the Observer when we load the webpage? When this happens the initial entry is passed to our function. Since there is no Intersection, this else block will run because the value is , thereby hiding our image on load. else {imgContent.classList.add("hidden")} isIntersecting false hidden false That's all, our webpage should now behave as expected Excuse the lag in the recording, my screen recorder was acting up. But as you can see, as we scroll towards the observed section, once 30% of the element comes into view we ought to get an Intersection, but because we set the to the Intersection will now occur when the target section scrolls another 100px into view, then an Intersection is triggered and the callback is fired. The image then gets revealed and slides back into its original position as the hidden class gets removed. rootMargin -100px And as the observed section scrolls out of view (exits) the callback is fired again by the Observer, If you can recall, we discussed how the observer is fired on entry and again fired when exiting the viewport... and since the second time there is no actual intersection, the hidden class is added again and the image is hidden as we scroll out of view. Here is the entire JavaScript code we wrote. section = .querySelector( ); imgContent = .querySelector( ); objOptions = { : , : , : ,
}; sectionObserver = IntersectionObserver(callBackFunction, objOptions);
sectionObserver.observe(section); { [entry] = entries; .log(entry); (entry.isIntersecting) {
    imgContent.classList.remove( );
  } {
    imgContent.classList.add( );
  }
} const document ".section-2" const document ".img" const root null threshold 0.3 rootMargin "-100px" const new ( ) function callBackFunction entries const console if "hidden" else "hidden" Source Code Demo Conclusion Congrats!!! You have successfully implemented a basic Intersection, but there are a few things I didn't get to cover as the article was getting too long. We did not cover how to observe multiple elements, nor did we discuss how to unobserved an element after Intersection. For this, I've made part two of this article where we cover these and also build another webpage where we observe multiple sections and do something for each of their respective Intersection. And if you were wondering what else you could do with the IntersectionObserver, your imagination is the limit, you could implement an Infinite scrolling page, a lazy loading feature, a sticky menu and so much more. I'll probably make more tutorials covering these features so stay tuned. ☕ Buy me a coffee If you liked my article and found it helpful, you can buy me a coffee using any of the links below.👇 Also, do well to like and follow for more contents. And if you've got any questions or spot any errors... please do well to leave some feedback as this is my first technical article. Ko-fi PayPal Paytreon Buy Me a Coffee References MDN Web Docs W3.Org Also published at https://dev.to/daveyhert/a-beginner-s-guide-to-the-intersection-observer-api-2d50 Disclaimer: The author provides this code and software “AS IS”, without warranty of any kind, express or implied, including but not limited to fitness for a particular purpose and non-infringement. In no event shall the author be liable for any claim, damages or other liability in connection with the software or code provided here

A Beginner's Guide to JavaScript's The Intersection Observer API

You and HTML5 can get the attention of Google’s robots. To do it you can write the coding strategically following some rules of the HTML’s semantic. It is easy and there are a lot of advantages to making it. In this article, you can find answer to: What is the role of HTML5 structured semantics? Why it is important? How it can help me to get the attention of Google’s robots? Spoiler: There are examples! How validators can help me? So, let’s start! structural The role of HTML5 semantics The role of HTML5 structured semantics is to organize the content present in documents through semantic tags. For this, it makes use of several tags that are designed for different meanings. Semantic HTML tags aim to describe the meaning of content present in HTML documents. Also, it making it clearer to programmers, browsers and search bots. Thus, a semantic code came to make user navigation more accessible, patterned and easy to maintain. The role of HTML isn’t structuring documents but it is meant to giving meaning to content through semantic tags. Proper use of semantic elements is critical to building modern, organized, standardized pages. And also makes the code easier to understand and to maintain. Is semantics really important? Semantics is one of the main advantages of the web platform over others, so yes it is necessary. Having a code written with an appropriate structure is helpful for search engines evaluate the content of the site. Besides that, there is a valuable list of some reasons that you should pay attention: Using the right markup will make your site more competitive; Makes content more accessible to users such as the visually impaired; Facilitates site maintenance by other developers; Make your job looks more professional; Makes all the difference between having a site well placed in Google search or not. The Google robots! The same ones that rank the pages of your site. Guess who will read the semantic of your site to decide how relevant it is? Fair enough to get your attention? Getting the attention of the robots — the main semantic tags! There are a list of the main properly tags that going to make the code fit on the right parameters: : The <!DOCTYPE> is not an HTML tag. It is an information to the browser about the version of HTML and should be the first thing written on an HTML document. <!DOCTYPE html> : The <head> is a container for elements such as <title>, <link>, <script> which won’t be displayed in the browser. <head> : The <html> tag should be the container HTML elements of your document, even the ones that won’t be displayed on the browser. <html> : The <nav> is made up to set list of links. <nav> The document should have only one <main> and it is intended to group the main content. Besides that, it won’t be a descendant of other tags such as footer or article. <main> : Each <section> started can have a new order of titles and other tags. It represents a section within a document, such as chapters, footers, aside or other groups of information of the document. <section> : The <article> is used to identify independent content that doesn’t need others to be understood. <article> : The <aside> is intended to have content that is a complement to the subject. It also can be used to add other non-related content with the main content of the document, such as advertising. <aside> : The <figure> is used to indicate that there is an image within it. <figure> : The <figcaption> is used to indicate the description of a figure. <figcaption> : : The <footer> defines the site footer or a footer for a section. This tag can have different information, such as a navigation menu, links to social media, your terms of service, privacy policy, logo, etc. <footer> To see more tags and have fun you can check on the . w3schools Big friend: Validators! The validator is a tool to check if your code follows the rules of the structured semantic, if it is valid and show to you if there are some lines to correct. The is super simple to use. To use it you have to upload the HTML file or paste your code on the indicated box on the website. It can be useful to help you to practice the correct semantic structure and follow the best practices. Validator W3 Conclusion It is very important that you adopt this practice. It will surely give you more visits to your site, improve your ranking with search engines and make it easier to understand and maintain in your own code. We need to make algorithms to understand our code and make our job more useful. Let’s get the attention of robots?!

How Your HTML5 Code Can Impress Google's Robots

N avigating the emerging Web3 ecosystem can seem like translating a massive marketing plan. Small startups will decentralize this, others will offer micropayments for that, and they’re all going to “right” the wrongs of the Internet. While some of this is true, the term doesn’t seem to capture the actual stack of technologies that will make up this next step. The following is a round-up of the Web3 Summit that took place in Berlin, Germany from October 22 to 24. The original series can be found at BTCManager here , here , and here . A History Lesson on the Internet It would be difficult to sit in the main hall of the in Berlin from October 22 to 24 if one were an employee of Facebook or Google. If an employee from the FANG group did, however, make it through the front doors of for the three-day event, they would gain a much better understanding of their ideological opposition. They may also get fed up with the phrase, “Web3 will smash Web2’s conglomerates.” But, if they were from a particular era, such as Web1, the whole scene might not be threatening at all. It might even look like a whole lot of the same. Web3 Summit Funkhaus Fortunately, the arrival, advantages, and destructions of the Internet happened relatively quickly. Thus, few of the founders have passed away, and many of their colleagues are eagerly taking up the torch. In a bid to steer the starry-eyed developers and infrastructure pipe layers, of and formerly a sitting professor at MIT provided the audience with a telling history of the Internet’s first iteration. He charismatically explained how much of the ideological warfare occurring between cryptocurrencies is reminiscent of the groups who fought over which standards should be standardized. He told about which hills developers were dying on and which were being given up for the sake of long-term success. dApp Harry Halpin Inria (Source: ) Twitter Interestingly, this isn’t the first time Haplin has heard of decentralization either. The Internet, according to , was intended to be just that. He explained that a group of “hippies” in the seventies began planning what would hopefully allow the digital world to enhance the meatspace. They asked how could a technology make us more social, more connected, and more human? Tim Berners-Lee For starters, an was going to need a persistent identity. The early innovators were just as eager as the of the world were to give users a common, sticky name tag that they carry around the Internet when meeting other Internauts. It wasn’t easy of course, as no one could decide on which company or service would provide that identity. Soon, in Web2, the decision was made for us. augmented social network Civics blockchain But, backing up before this slippery-slidey-give-users-clean-identities moment, to the early iterations of a decentralized web. Haplin reminded observers that , , and Berners-Lee’s dream of “ ” were all in the works. Unfortunately, the developers shot themselves in the foot and rolled out the red carpet for you know who. By failing to earn consensus at critical moments, nothing could be agreed upon and then built atop. It was chaos and open-source. It was decentralized and vulnerable. Soon, the world’s first shot at decentralization was bought out, wrapped up in NDA agreements, and re-released as the famous “Like” button. “It’s the greatest use case of decentralized technologies ever,” Haplin yelled to the crowd. “And Facebook has it!” Indymedia FOAF The Semantic Web (Source: ) The Semantic Web Stack in full color. W3 So, can blockchains save us and get us back to a decentralized internet? Yes and no. The critical element of the computer scientist’s presentation was the context it provided. The swarming egos of BIPs, EIPs, soft and , all look tragically similar to the rise of the internet. Fortunately, the incentives model lines up a bit better. By buidling an Internet with a native economic structure, buidlers and entrepreneurs are less dependent on large companies to fund their projects. hard forks On the one hand, the space sees the unfounded craze, on the other, it also enjoys a degree of sovereignty not enjoyed by Haplin’s generation. Still, soft power and egos can quickly throw a wrench in the machine, no matter how optimistic it may seem. ICO New Browser, Same Data The built-in economy is not lost on those hoping to relieve the world of the infamous ad-revenue model. Or worse still: paywalls. is likely the most popular attempt at this. , the chief scientist behind Brave, explained how the dying business plan for making money of clicks and views was slowly trickling away. Good riddance: “Imagine that you could use micropayments to read a portion of The Economist. Imagine monetizing all the likes and retweets from Twitter,” Livshits explained. The token-operated browser has convinced at least users of this logic, as the dApp has seen just as many downloads. The Brave Browser Dr. Ben Livshits ten million It’s still early days for the startup, however. At current, Brave is still in the Gemini phase (browser release and beta launch), but each step leading up the final Apollo manifestation looks like the perfect advertising cleanse. Or, if you can stomach a few more pop-ups, the browser will pay users in its native Basic Attention Token ( ). On the way to Apollo, the group is also hoping to make some friends in the form of , unmentioned decentralized identity protocols, and even more YouTubers moving over to the browser. BAT IPFS Quickly, a world without Chrome and other nasty ad trackers look like a thing of the past. For a final knockout blow, later laid out the Ocean substrate which opens the data machine much like opened the financial machine. The founder of the project described how the Token Economy inspired his work with the Ocean Protocol and the Data Economy: Ocean Protocol Bitcoin Trent McConaghy “Data is money, or as valuable as oil. And as we are the ones providing that data, we’re also bearing witness to the greatest arbitrage of humans in history.” The data collected on users is bought and sold to the highest bidder for the highest price. More importantly, this data is slowly, but evermore precisely being cornered and snapped up by Facebook and Google. Thinking in terms of these data silos like hodlers think of Wall Street in 2008, paints a clear metaphor for what’s at stake. In Web3, Networks Are Companies The final group of panelists continued the metaphoric journey when describing how investors should be participating in decentralized projects. Engaging in the conversation was of , of , of , and of moderated. Olaf Carlson-Wee Polychain Capital Richard Muirhead Fabric Ventures Shuoji Zhou FBG Capital Jutta Steiner Parity Technologies One of the greatest strengths of this emerging is the power of the metaphors it employs. Few subjects are left unscathed and a majority of the time, the non-technical part of the room is deeply thankful. To better grasp how these three figures are thinking of investing, Carlson-Wee astutely described networks as companies: “Investors must participate in on-chain governance. Not doing so, is like a large shareholder of Apple not showing up at the shareholders meeting.” It should also be noted that Polychain Capital also controls the largest node in . technology Tezos (Source: ) Twitter Muirhead followed this up with the declaration that “it’s no longer the boardroom. It’s the blog post,” while Zhou explained a bit more behind the philosophy of treasures when it comes to cryptocurrencies rather than shares in a company. The final test of this new investor-project relationship is determining the fiduciary role the former takes while also considering the practical needs of the latter. It all gets a bit blurry regarding who’s helping who in the end. And, likely, that’s the point; in decentralizing all the things, Web2 didn’t go far enough. Or, perhaps we just haven’t found the right metaphor for the new monsters on the horizon. T he first day of discussions at the Web3 Summit outlined many of the features of the emerging, platform, and incoming iterations of the Internet. It offered a slew of analogies to help attendees grok the implications of decentralization and blockchain technology . It was above the protocol and provided the spiritual optimism for the entire landscape. Day two, was similarly inspiring, but in a much different way. The curation of presentations brought the headiness of correcting Web2’s errors to a concrete end: Programming. Gavin Wood Explains Substrate The developer-heavy talks opened with an explainer from one of the co-founders . After his workings with Buterin and the launch of the second largest blockchain project in the space, he took up arms at and through . The focus of this project was to provide the greatest amount of interoperability between as many blockchains as possible. Ethereum Gavin Wood Parity Technologies Polkadot In his presentation, Wood described any kind of crypto-specific maximalism as the “nationalist equivalent of the blockchain.” He went as far as to explain that Polkadot is even trying to avoid any accidental barriers unforeseen pre-deployment. “Even if one chain is ‘perfect,’ it won’t stay that way for long,” he concluded. (Source: ) Twitter The philosophy extended to the focus of his talk about . The suite of developer-facing tools will allow programmers capable of coding in to set up an operational user interface, change the modality of a blockchain post-launch, manipulate smart contracts to their will, and ultimately take the need out of building a blockchain from scratch. Even consensus mechanisms can be “changed on the fly” and “without a .” A commentator explained that it was like the equivalent of WordPress, but for distributed ledger programming. Substrate Rust hard fork Perhaps the metaphor falls short, but it does provide an interesting perspective on where exactly Web3 is regarding development. By focusing the attention on a premium toolbox to invite talented, but perhaps not blockchain-conscious, developers, Substrate will likely on board a swarm of interest. The demographic won’t be nearly as bubbly as an , but it will help lay down a robust infrastructure via many many quick hands. In many ways, it’s also one of the most bullish bets on the whole space. ICO ( : ) Source Trustnodes By buidling where the developers will come, rather than the mainstream masses, Wood places an incredibly long time-horizon on the technology continuing to remain relevant without all the bells and whistles of tokenization. There’s not an equitable analogy for sheer hard work. Giving Digital Rights, how to Be Misunderstood, and Hard Mode with Cosmos of described the difficulty in giving any one user (of anything) just enough power for them to achieve a particular task without taking over completely. “If I give someone the keys to my car, they might go back to their hotel, have the valet take it and park it, and the next day they might just sell it. Obviously, I don’t want that” he said. Dean Tribble Agoric “What if I digitally bound my keys to this one person, and the keys only work for this one person? I can prevent them from selling it. Unfortunately, once they get to the valet service, they’re in a bit of a jam as the valet driver won’t be able to park the car.” Tribble’s presentation worked out how to attain autonomy within a framework. function this way too, and Agoric hopes to provide a richer version of what types of logic can be bound up in their code. In this secure experimentation (of which is bound by a specific framework), Tribble, like many of the other speakers, explained how developers would then be able to work through entirely new strips of code. Smart contracts of gave a talk that matched the hype of the recently governance-focused blockchain. In his presentation titled, “5 Reasons Why Tezos Rocks, Number 4 Will Shock You,” he outlined many things that a lot of people had already heard of, but perhaps the sharpest point made by the Tezos co-founder was that his project was often misunderstood. With the all the drama that has surrounded the project for the past few years, it seems only natural that the technology took a back seat from the juice financial controversies, at least from a media perspective. Arthur Breitman Tezos launched ( : ) Source Medium Bottom line though, “[ ] means a holder of 0.0001 percent of a token, means that this holder has 0.0001 percent say in the direction of the project as well as in the block rewards.” If anything, this ambition is clear and hopeful for consensus models post- . Probably best to keep things simple at this point anyway. proof of stake PoW , InterBlockchain Communication (IBC) Protocol, slashing, and staking were just a few of the points to steer dreamy-eyed entrepreneurs away from a hands-free Web3. Or, at least took the googly softball buzzwords out of the picture. In his concise presentation, of described the nuts and bolts of what the cosmonauts are working on. In the Q & A follow-up to his presentation, he even described the project as only really attractive to senior developers, assuming they hadn’t already been scared off by the challenges of launching and maintaining zones (Cosmos rendition of a governance model) and hammering out the SDK. Tendermint Zaki Manian Cosmos A jewel of hype did, however, lurk in the opaque dev jargon of Manian’s presentation: The world may see the first massively scalable in early 2019. In the end, that’s all that matters, right? dApp T he final day of the Web3 Summit concluded with a reminder about the politicization of technology. As more of our world becomes digitized and the human experience rendered numeric, it’s becoming increasingly important to become aware of how governance will be reshaped. Many speakers explained how this has always been true, while others described the practical means in which these discussions can remain democratic and productive. Bringing the Hacker Ethic to the Mainstream The initial talk from iterated some of the points made by Harry Halpin on the of the event. Fix comes from a demographic that preceded Halpin and represents a computer science culture that was swiftly appropriated by the capitalist machine. He makes up the boundary-breaking, liberty-inducing, red star that composed the Internet’s initial vision. On stage, however, he spoke cynically about the deterioration of this vision. Bernd Fix first day When outlining what the Internet was supposed to do, it’s not difficult to see its political roots. Anyone could switch out a few of the technical terms from computer science for others from the school of political science, and quickly the conversation resembles the duty of a government. Or, rather, what a government ought to do. “Politics is the project of forming our society along new trends and narratives,” explained Fix. If observers follow this as a premise, and as we hurtle towards an accelerated digital experience, it isn’t difficult to see how exchanges about technology will eventually shape the political conversation. Hopefully, this conversation isn’t dominated by a few voices, though. To miss the bridge between politics and technology, or to look away from this relationship, is, in many ways, to give up the power of shaping a country’s trajectory. Fix asked: “Why can’t our discussions about politics be as committed, as compassionate, as our discussions of software design?” ( : ) Bernd Fix is also a founding board member of the Wau Holland Foundation based in Hamburg, Germany. Source LibertyBits The hacker ethic of Fix’s generation didn’t survive the “reality check” of business culture according to him. It couldn’t fight off the consolidation of corporations and their ability to shape the technology for their financial bottom lines. “We didn’t lose the war, but we did lose a lot of battles,” laments Fix. With that, a spring of hope. Founders of Web1 and Web2 look to and the liberating effects that it proposes as yet another battleground for freedom. If participants can consider the innovation’s relevance in this context, it’s likely to manifest much differently than Fix’s or Halpin’s conclusions. blockchain technology Shaping the Conversation: Governance and the Technology of Politics Determining how blockchain technology will right the wrongs of the mega-firms who thrive off of user data is public enemy number one for distributed ledgers. While some have claimed that technology is agnostic, a handful of platforms are attempting to bake in the features of a more just society via different governance models. Speaking on this was the founder of . ZK Labs Matthew Di Ferrante He explained to a small, but growing audience, that “bad choices made by good governance are much better than good choices made by bad governance.” This can be understood in the idea of the benevolent dictator and ultimately breaks governance down to two items: Outcomes and processes. (Source: ) Twitter Di Ferrante’s point also means that when a poor choice is made (assuming it was made under a “good” governance model) can easily be corrected down the road. The same, however, is not true for “bad” governance. A degree of flexibility is thus assumed to be included in these frameworks. Another aspect of this model is the body of participants. Everyone is signaling different contributions from different levels of a system, and it’s essential that this signaling is also well-informed, lest a community ends up following false conclusions. ( : ) Source Medium , , and continued the discussion in a follow-up panel in the same packed room at Funkhaus. Murmurs of “founding fathers” ran through the audience and added to the gravity of the three speakers. From building blocks, Wood described governance as the means in which an economic system maintains cohesion. Vlad Zamfir Gavid Wood Arthur Breitman Broken governance will often lead to schisms within a community much like the Catholic church the Parity founder cited. Divisions, or , aren’t a bad thing, though. Zamfir explained his defense of forking code when a community pursues unfavorable directions. It can also be done to prevent malicious forces outlined by Fix and Halpin from taking over and could be likened to free speech (of which should never be silenced). hard forks Breitman explained the importance of governance when working with common property, such as a public blockchain. But as much as the conversation cited technical aspects of staking or bifurcating aspects of code, the sociological element wasn’t lost on the three speakers. The soft powers that be, no matter how powerful a technology, will repeat themselves over and over. Mitigating for the human features of governance will likely never be solved and “the price of freedom is constant vigilance,” according to Wood. (Source: ) Twitter What Is Progress, Anyways? Concluding the conference, the executive vice president iterated the fact that “we can’t escape politics when building the future.” The vision to improve where societies’ first attempts at grappling with networked cultures via the internet was present throughout all the presentations. Aeron Buchanan (Source: ) Twitter But, perhaps more important, was the fact that soon, social factors will begin to overtake the technical ones. Inviting and incentivizing as many experts from as many fields as possible will hopefully instantiate a more just and ethical internet for everyone.

Rewriting the Wrongs of Web2 and Other Political Events

🏆 What will you learn in this tutorial? Single page application fetches and loads the main UI skeleton into the browser only once, during the first fetch. And thereafter, loads the subsequent UI modules dynamically without re-fetching as the user interacts with the app. Look at the example given below. It is a simple single-page application developed using purely HTML, CSS and Javascript. In this tutorial, you are going to learn how to implement it. Open Example In New Tab 💡 What's New In This Tutorial? Front-end frameworks such as React, Angular, Vue, etc. exist today that enable the development of single-page applications. But the development of single-page applications using purely HTML, CSS and Javascript is still not very straightforward. In this tutorial, you will learn about , which allows you to architect HTML applications in a modular fashion. It paves the way for developers to choose just HTML, CSS and Javascript for writing complex apps with a scalable, maintainable and testable codebase. SfNav, a web component ⚠ Before You Begin The following are the pre-requisites for this tutorial: - You need to be familiar with the basic concepts of HTML, CSS & Javascript. You need not be an expert developer, but basic knowledge is necessary. could be a good starting point for this. Familiarity with Web Development W3 Schools Roadmap - In this example, we will use an NPM-based web server. So to follow this tutorial properly, I will recommend that you have npm installed on your development machine. Once you get the hang of it, you can also try the same method on other web servers, no problem! NPM Installation - You will also need a good web editor. I like VS Code. You can use any editor of your choice. Editor 🍽 Step 1 - Project Setup 1.1 Project Directory Create a new folder on your machine for this task. I called it SfNav-Demo. You can name it as you want. 1.2 Initialize NPM npm init Just accept the default values, and keep pressing ENTER until the initialization completes and the package.json file is generated. Your project will now have only one file, namely package.json. 1.2 Create the dist/ folder Create a folder to store all the html files. I called it "dist/". 1.3 Install the HTTP-server packages npm install connect serve-static 1.4 Create index.js Create index.js, to hold the code for the HTTP-server. Paste the code given below in index.js. var connect = require('connect');
var serveStatic = require('serve-static');

connect()
     .use(serveStatic('./dist'))
     .listen(8080, () => console.log('Server running on 8080...')); Your folder structure should look like this: 1.5 Start the HTTP-server Start the web server using the below command node index.js Browse to for confirming that the web server is running. A running server will throw an error message similar to the one given below. This is because we haven't yet created index.html in the dist folder. http://localhost:8080/ 1.6 Create dist/index.html Create index.html file in the dist folder and initialize it with the following code: <html>
hello sfnav
</html> Go back to the browser and refresh it. Confirm that the HTTP-server now serves the index.html page. At this point, the basic project setup is complete. Let us move on to the next steps. 💀 Step 2 - Create The HTML App Skeleton The code of the HTML skeleton is given below. Copy and paste it into your dist/index.html. <!DOCTYPE html>

<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <title>&lt;sf-nav&gt; Demo</title>
    
    <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/icon?family=Material+Icons" rel="stylesheet">
    
    <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com">
    <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin>
    <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300;400;600&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
    
    <script src="https://unpkg.com/@webcomponents/webcomponentsjs@latest/webcomponents-loader.js"></script>
    
    <script type="module">
        import {LitElement, html, css} from 'https://unpkg.com/lit-element/lit-element.js?module';
        import {SfNav} from 'https://unpkg.com/sf-nav/sf-nav.js?module';
    </script>
    <style>
      
      body {
        background-color: #efefef;
        margin: 0px;
        font-family: 'Source Sans Pro';
      }

      sf-nav:not(:defined) {
        display: none;
      }
      
    </style>
  </head>
  <body style="margin: 0px;">
    <sf-nav>

      
      <h2 slot="brandName"><a href="#home" >Superflows</a></h2>
      
      <a slot="brandImage" href="#home" ><img alt="logo" src="https://superflows-images.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/superflows_black_transparent_200.png" /></a>
      
    </sf-nav>
  </body>
</html> This skeleton code does the following: It sets up the viewport It includes the material icons package, which is required by the SfNav web component It includes fonts, although you can use any fonts of your choice It includes the web component loader script It includes the Lit library. SfNav component depends on Lit, hence this inclusion is necessary It includes the SfNav web component library It includes a style block that - (1) Sets some basic styling to the document body and (2) Ensures that the SfNav component will show up only after it is defined properly It then includes/renders the SfNav component in the body HTML with a brand name and brand image. 💾 ↺ Save dist/index.html, and reload the browser. You will see that a bare-bones navigation component has loaded which only contains the brand name and brand image. The point to note is that it contains both the header part and the footer part. ⥣ Step 3 - Setup Routing 3.1 Understanding Links SfNav recognizes routes that are prefixed with hash. For example, in the file dist/index.html, the brand name and the brand image are linked to #home, which essentially means that the component home.html will be loaded if the user clicks on either of the brand name and the brand image links. 3.2 Setup Route Container Create a page content slot in the sf-nav block as shown below. This container sits between the header and footer and dynamically displays the page content as the user navigates across pages. <sf-nav>

        
        <h2 slot="brandName"><a href="#home" >Superflows</a></h2>
        
        <a slot="brandImage" href="#home" ><img alt="logo" src="https://superflows-images.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/superflows_black_transparent_200.png" /></a>

        
        <div slot="content">
        </div>
      
</sf-nav> 3.3 Setup Parameter Passing To enable parameter pass-down during routing, include the following Javascript code block in the sf-nav block. This code block: Listens to the routeChange event from SfNav and updates the routeMap associative array with the new route and its parameters, every time the routeChange event is fired. Exposes two functions - (1) getCurrentPathname and (2) getCurrentArgs, which can be used to obtain the current location and the current parameters. <body>
    <sf-nav>

        <h2 slot="brandName"><a href="#home" >Superflows</a></h2>
        
        <a slot="brandImage" href="#home" ><img alt="logo" src="https://superflows-images.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/superflows_black_transparent_200.png" /></a>
        
        <div slot="content">
        </div>
    </sf-nav>

    <script>
        var routeMap = [];
  
        function getCurrentPathName() {
          return window.location.hash.length === 0 ? '' : window.location.hash.split("/")[0].replace('#', '');
        }
        function getCurrentArgs() {
          return routeMap[getCurrentPathName() + '.html'];
        }
  
        document.getElementsByTagName('sf-nav')[0].addEventListener('routeChange', (e) => {
          routeMap[e.detail.pathName] = e.detail.args;
        })
    </script>

</body> 3.4 Confirm That Routing Works At this point, the routing configuration is complete. 💾 ↺ Save dist/index.html, and reload the browser. You will observe the following: The header and the Footer are now separated with a content block in between. SfNav now throws the 'Could not find home.html' message. Don't worry, this is perfectly fine because we haven't yet created the home.html file. 3.5 Create dist/home.html Create a new file dist/home.html with the below HTML: <div class="cContainer">
    <h1>Home Page</h1>
    <p>Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.</p>
</div> 💾 ↺ Save dist/home.html, and reload the browser. The home page content will now load. You will observe that the content loads properly. Let us style it a bit, so that it looks a bit nicer. Add the following styles in the style block of dist/index.html: <head>
    <style>
        
        
        .cContainer {
            margin: 10px;
            padding: 20px;
            border: dash 1px gray;
        }
    </style>
</head> 💾 ↺ Save dist/index.html, and reload the browser. This looks good for now. We can surmise now that routing is working normally. Let us move ahead. 🍔 Step 4 - Setup Main Menu SfNav supports two-level menus. Creating it is pretty straightforward. Create an unordered list as shown below and set it to the main menu slot. Some menu items point to internal links (links with hash) and some menu items point to external links (links with http(s)). <body>
    <sf-nav>
        
        <ul slot="mainMenu">
            <li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
            <li class="li-solutions">
                <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="a-solutions">Solutions</a>
                <ul>
                    <li><a href="#services">Services</a></li>
                    <li><a href="#products">Products</a></li>
                </ul>
            </li>
            <li>
                <a href="javascript:void(0);">Contact Us</a>
                <ul>
                    <li><a href="https://instagram.com">Instagram</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://facebook.com">Facebook</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://youtube.com">YouTube</a></li>
                </ul>
            </li>
        </ul>
    </sf-nav>
</body> 💾 ↺ Save dist/index.html, and reload the browser. If you click on any menu items with internal links such as services, products, you will observe that SfNav throws the file not found message. This is because we haven't yet created these files. 📝 Quick Task Go ahead and create and with any content of your choice and observe how it is rendered. services.html products.html Drop your observations in the comments section! 🔎 Step 5 - Setup Search Search functionality is available by default. Just subscribe to the searchClick event to capture the event when the user types something in the search box and presses Enter. <script>
document.getElementsByTagName('sf-nav')[0].addEventListener('searchClick', (e) => {console.log('search clicked ' + JSON.stringify(e.detail));})
</script> 🦜 Step 6 - Setup Social Media Links Social media links can be configured using an unordered list as well. Below is an example: <body>
    <sf-nav>
        
        
        <ul slot="socialMedia">
            <li><a href="https://facebook.com"><img src="https://superflows-images.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/facebook-black_round.png" /></a></li>
            <li><a href="https://twitter.com"><img src="https://superflows-images.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/twitter_black_round.png" /></a></li>
            <li><a href="https://youtube.com"><img src="https://superflows-images.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/youtube_black_round.png" /></a></li>
        </ul>

    </sf-nav>
</body> 💾 ↺ Save dist/index.html, and reload the browser. 🔔 Step 7 - Setup Notifications 7.1 HTML Configuration The notifications section has three parts - (1) Unread notifications, (2) Read notifications and (3) View-all link. Configuration is shown below: <body>
    <sf-nav>
        
        
        <ul slot="unreadNotifications">
            <li><a href="#notification/1"><h3>Sonali Joshi</h3><p>mentioned you in a comment</p><div>1 day ago</div></a></li>
            <li><a href="#notification/2"><h3>Rahim Ahmed</h3><p>reacted to your blog post</p><div>2 days ago</div></a></li>
            <li><a href="#notification/3"><h3>John Bolton</h3><p>replied to a thread that you posted in</p><div>1 month ago</div></a></li>
        </ul>
        <ul slot="readNotifications">
            <li><a href="#notification/4"><h3>Sonali Joshi</h3><p>mentioned you in a comment</p><div>1 day ago</div></a></li>
            <li><a href="#notification/5"><h3>Rahim Ahmed</h3><p>reacted to your blog post</p><div>2 days ago</div></a></li>
            <li><a href="#notification/6"><h3>John Bolton</h3><p>replied to a thread that you posted in</p><div>1 month ago</div></a></li>
        </ul>
        
    </sf-nav>
</body> 💾 ↺ Save dist/index.html, and reload the browser. If you try clicking on any notification, you will see the file not found message. This is fine because we haven't yet created dist/notification.html. Shall we do that now? 7.2 Create dist/notification.html Create a new file dist/notification.html. Copy and paste the HTML code given below into it. <div class="cContainer">
    <h1>Notification Page</h1>
    <h2></h2>
    <p>Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.</p>
</div>
<script>
    document.getElementsByClassName('cContainer')[0].children[1].innerHTML = 'Arguments: ' + JSON.stringify(getCurrentArgs())
</script> 💾 ↺ Save dist/notification.html, and reload the browser. Go ahead, and try clicking on any of the notifications. You will observe the following: The notification page will render. The URL parameters or arguments such as #notification/1 or #notification/2 will be passed down to the notification component and rendered as well. Quick Note This is essentially routing at work where the parameters from the browser address bar are fed to the notification component. © Step 8 - Copyright Notice Copyright notice can be configured in the footer as follows: <body>
    <sf-nav>
        
        
        <p slot="copyright">Copyright 2022 Superflows</p>

    </sf-nav>
</body> 💾 ↺ Save dist/notification.html, and reload the browser. The copyright notice will be displayed in the footer. 🕺 Step 9 - Setup Call To Action Button Most navbars have a call to action button. In SfNav, it can be configured as follows: <a slot="cta" href="#login">Sign In</a> 💾 ↺ Save dist/notification.html, and reload the browser. The call to action button will be displayed in the header. 👨👩 Step 10 - Setup User Profile The user profile section contains two parts - (1) The profile picture toggle and (2) The profile menu. Both parts can be configured as follows: <body>
    <sf-nav>
        
        
        <img alt="profile" slot="profilePicture" src="https://preview.keenthemes.com/metronic-v4/theme/assets/pages/media/profile/profile_user.jpg" />

        
        <ul slot="profileMenu">
            <li><a href="#settings">My Profile</a></li>
            <li>
                <a href="javascript:void(0);">Settings</a>
                <ul>
                    <li><a href="#settings_data">Data & Privacy</a></li>
                    <li><a href="#settings_notifications">Notifications</a></li>
                </ul>
            </li>
            <li>
                <a href="javascript:void(0);">Support</a>
                <ul>
                    <li><a href="#ticket">Create Ticket</a></li>
                    <li><a href="#chat">Chat With Us</a></li>
                </ul>
            </li>
            <li><a href="#signout">Sign Out</a></li>
        </ul>

    </sf-nav>
</body> 💾 ↺ Save dist/notification.html, and reload the browser. 🔴🟢🔵 Step 11 - Theme The User Interface Let us now modify the colours, to make the UI more attractive and customizable to your needs. For the sake of this tutorial, we have used some colours, but you are free to choose any colours. Add the below-given styles to the style block of dist/index.html. <style>

    sf-nav {
        --nav-background-color: rgb(4, 135, 205);
        --nav-color: #fff;
        --notif-background-color: rgb(4, 135, 205);
        --notif-color: #fff;
        --menu-background-color: rgb(49, 161, 222);
        --menu-color: #fff;
        --footer-background-color: rgb(167, 147, 60);
        --footer-color: #fff;
    }

</style> 💾 ↺ Save dist/notification.html, and reload the browser. Conclusion That is it then! I have shown you how to create a single-page web application with a modular code architecture using SfNav, a web component provided by Superflows. If you have any questions, do not hesitate to drop a comment below and I would be happy to answer. Please find a video of the same tutorial below: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZGDhUaleN84&embedable=true Resources Documentation Read Demo Project View Demo YouTube Channel View Channel Join The Community Join Now Also published . here

Creating a Single Page Modular App Architecture Using Pure HTML, CSS & Javascript

Seven months back, I started learning Solidity to become a web3 developer. As a beginner, it was challenging to continue as there weren’t many docs to address the issues I faced. I later realized I needed some web3 developer skills before I picked up Solidity; therefore, I started this blog to simplify web3 development and address issues yet to be discussed. In this guide, you will learn how to become a web3 developer with no previous experience. My roadmap may change, so I will update this document gradually. See the original article . Disclaimer: here Who Is a Web3 Developer? To become a web3 developer, you should be able to tell the following: The Difference Between the Web and the Internet You have probably heard of the world wide web (WWW), but do you know what it means? Interestingly, the page you are looking at right now is the web. Simply put, the web refers to a collection of online resources or every public website (or webpage) that users can access from their personal computers through the internet. On the other hand, the internet is a network of connected computers or devices. So if you plan to be a web developer, you will develop pages with which users can interact. The Difference Between Web3 and Web2 Web2 is the current phase of the internet that marks increased user, social networking, and user-generated content (UGC). It saw the rise of social media, e-commerce, and content creation. Some examples of web2 apps include Shopify, Spotify, and tik tok. On the other hand, web3 (the future internet generation) focuses on decentralized technologies, such as blockchain and smart contracts. If you want to know more about the differences between web3 and web2, you should see . Likewise, Uniswap and Aave are web apps (dApps) in web3. The One Web 3.0 Guide to Rule ’em All The Job of a Web2 Developer Since web2 is more focused on e-commerce and social networking, a web2 developer is more focused on creating websites, web applications, mobile apps, and Content management systems (CMS), i.e., WordPress. Web2 development is split into frontend development and back-end development. A frontend developer in web2 uses programming languages like JavaScript, HTML, and CSS to build web pages (client side) that users interact with. At the same time, the back end is in charge of building the server side of the web (making the webpage or website function correctly). Who Is a Web3 Developer? A web3 developer is a computer programmer who focuses on building decentralized applications, Non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and smart contracts that run on the blockchain. Without web3, applications could still be decentralized, running on peer-to-peer networks of computers or distributed hash tables (DHTs). However, the blockchain is essential in web3 because of its unique features. These features include it means that all network participants can make decisions without the need for a central authority. Decentralized consensus – data created and stored on the blockchain cannot be easily altered or deleted, ensuring integrity and trust. Immutability – The blockchain allows for smart contracts – self-executing codes which can be programmed to execute automatically when certain conditions are met. Smart contracts – It allows the creation of programmable money or tokens, such as cryptocurrencies or NFTs. Programmable money – In summary, the blockchain is an added technology to web3, allowing it to support more decentralized apps efficiently and securely. Why Should You Consider Web3 Development? I believe in starting with why in everything because I cannot give my 1000% to a cause I don’t believe in. So what is my why for learning web3 development? The web3 developer salary is good, but it’s not enough reason for me to learn it. It had to be something else that held meaning and value for me. I like to teach people, so I believe I could impact people’s lives by breaking down web3 development for beginners. That aside, the following are some reasons you should consider web3 development: Web3 Developer Salary It’s no secret that web3 developers get paid an enormous sum. In fact, the web3.career page created comprehensive by Web3 Jobs, which you can see below. If money is your primary motivation to get things done, this should already motivate you. job salary statistics Different area of specialization There are different types of web3 developers, so you can decide to become any of the following: Smart contract engineer, Dapps developer, Blockchain developer, Frontend developer, DAO developer, or NFT developer. You will see more about them later. Other reasons include being an early adopter of the blockchain, building decentralized solutions, and learning how cryptocurrency works. What Can You Build as a Web3 Developer? Knowing what you will be doing when choosing a career path is wise. Web3 developers can build websites, write smart contracts, and build dApps and blockchains. For example, details the projects you can build with your skills. Beyond ChatGPT: 12 Mind-Blowing Web3 Projects That Push the Boundaries of Innovation Types of Web3 Developers and Their Required Skills Frontend Web3 Developer I’m more interested in coding the part of the website that users see and interact with. It’s similar to frontend development in web2, but this time I have to learn how smart contract works to build interactive dApps. The following are skills a web3 frontend developer needs to master Web2 frontend development. Web3 Js Libraries: web3.js, ethers.js, and web3.py. Smart contracts. How wallets work. Smart Contract Engineer On the one hand, Solidity is the programming language used to write smart contracts. On the other hand, the smart contract is a self-executing code that runs on the blockchain. A self-executing code means it executes instructions by itself after certain conditions have been met. For example, if Mr. A and Ms. B are allowed to swap their coins on the condition that they have funded their wallet, the smart contract will run like this. If Mr. A && Ms. B fund their wallet

Proceed to transaction

Else

Transaction cannot take place A smart contract engineer creates, tests, and implements smart contracts. Therefore, a smart contract engineer needs to know the following: Programming languages like Solidity, Rust, and Vyper. Blockchains like Ethereum and Polygon. Decentralized Finance (DeFi). Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs). Cryptographic algorithms. Problem-solving. Tools Remix, Truffle, Ganache, and Hardhat. Blockchain Developer Blockchains like Ethereum need a programmer to design secure blockchains and develop the features so that other applications like Uniswap and OpenSea can be built on them. The following are some of the skills a blockchain developer need: Smart contract development. Decentralized Finance (DeFi). Advanced analytical and problem-solving skills. Back-end development, algorithms, and data structures. Programming languages like Java, Python, Solidity, GO, Javascript, and C++. Other types of web3 developers include Dapps developers, DAO developers, and NFT developers. My Web3 Developer Roadmap Find the roadmap to becoming a web3 developer with no experience below. First Step: Computer Architecture Unless you are a genius, you should learn how the computer works to become a web3 developer as a beginner. I can’t expect to understand Solidity if I don’t even know some words in the computer dictionary. Moreover, I put 2025 in the title of this article to show that I’m not rushing to learn. You should learn the basics of memory, , and algorithm. See a complete resource on . You don’t have to consume it all at once. data structure computer architecture Step 2: Blockchain Fundamentals What is the blockchain? How does the blockchain work? These were some of my questions when I stumbled on web3. Similar to how you’ve learned the basics of the computer, it’s essential to learn blockchain basics. The first explanatory I read by Nick Darlington did well to solidify my knowledge of the blockchain. I could write a further explanatory article on it, but it’s pretty explanatory for beginners. blockchain article You can also look up the meaning of each word in these and dictionaries to further solidify your knowledge. blockchain web3 Step 3: Frontend Development If you plan to become a website developer like me, then frontend is non-negotiable. However, if you want to be a smart contract developer, you should focus more on Javascript. After three to four months, I would pick up a framework called React because it is highly recommended. I will use the following resources to learn frontend development: . HTML and CSS: Design and Build Websites First Edition A frontend course from educative.io and . Free Code Camp . W3 schools . Javascript course . Frontend for web3 I could remain a frontend web3 developer if I find this path interesting. So you have nothing to lose if you learn frontend for a while. Step 4: Pick a Blockchain Many experts suggest learning with Ethereum because most blockchains are built using standards similar to Ethereum. So it’ll be easier to transition to other blockchains later. Other blockchains include Solana, Polygon, etc. Here is a before you jump on Solidity: comprehensive guide to Ethereum Step 5: Pick Solidity Since Solidity is the primary programming language (not the only one) for web3 development, you must learn it. Your real job as a web3 developer starts here, so you should spend significant time learning and practicing. is a high-level, contract-oriented programming language for smart contracts, allowing programmers to write self-executing code that powers blockchain dApps. Solidity After learning Solidity, you can write self-executing code called smart contracts. Here are some resources to learn Solidity with Step 6: Learn Ether.js and Web3.js After learning frontend and solidity, you must understand how to connect them and make them work. To do so, you must also learn Web3.js and Ether.js. Ether.js is a user interface that allows for interaction with the Ethereum network. It is a substitute for Web3.js, which links smart contracts with Javascript frontends. We can see web3 as a house, web3 Js libraries as the cement and blocks used in building the house, smart contracts as the pillar of the house, and wallets as the key to enter the house. Grace Olayinka Tweet Step  7: Learn Truffle or Hard Hat Truffle and Hardhat are both development frameworks web3 developers use to build and test decentralized applications on the Ethereum blockchain. Truffle is a popular development framework that provides a suite of tools for developers to create, test, and deploy smart contracts on the Ethereum network. . Learn how to use Truffle Likewise, Hardhat also provides a suite of tools for developers to build, test, and deploy smart contracts on the Ethereum network. However, it includes advanced debugging and testing capabilities and support for multiple blockchains. It also allows for easy integration with other tools and services. . Learn how to use Hardhat Indeed web3 development does not end here, but the above steps are a great starting point. Key Points As a web3 developer, you can build websites, write smart contracts, build dApps, blockchain develop more types of developers. Start with the computer architecture. Simply put, the web refers to a collection of online resources or every public website or page that users can access from their personal computers through their internet. A web3 developer is a computer programmer who focuses on creating decentralized applications, Non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and smart contracts that run on the blockchain. The types of web3 developers include Smart contact engineers, Dapps developers, Blockchain Developers, Front end developers, DAO developers, and NFT developers. Web3 developers can build websites, write smart contracts, build dapps, and blockchain. Lastly, I am learning web3 development to become a technical writer that impacts you with knowledge. What’s your why for learning web3? Frequently Asked Questions How to become a blockchain developer with no coding experience? If you follow the instructions in this piece, you can become a proficient web3 or blockchain developer with time and practice. What programming language is used for Web3? To become a web3 programmer, you should become proficient in programming languages such as Solidity, Rust, and Javascript. Do I need to know coding for Web3? It depends on what career path you are taking. If you plan to become a web3 developer, it would be necessary to learn coding. On the other hand, if you choose to become a web3 content creator, you need little to no coding experience. However, to become a web3 technical writer, you must understand web3 programming depending on the technicality. How long will it take to become a Web3 developer? It can take around two years for beginners to become professional Web3 developers from scratch. Start by taking courses, practice more,, and afterward, you can apply for jobs.

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