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Hey Hackers! HackerNoon is proud to be a media partner for this year’s Blockchain Economy Summit taking place in Dubai, UAE, on October 4-5, 2023. Recognized as the world's largest blockchain conference network, Dubai’s Blockchain Economy Summit is set to redefine the future of finance by bringing together key players and experts from the crypto industry. Let’s see what you can expect from this event. The Blockchain Economy Dubai Summit 2023 Global Crypto Community Convenes at Dubai's Blockchain Economy Summit, Uniting Industry Leaders for a Groundbreaking Event on October 4-5, 2023 Dubai, UAE – The Blockchain Economy Summit, recognized as the world's largest blockchain conference network, is set to redefine the future of finance by bringing together key players and experts from the crypto industry. The highly anticipated 8th edition of the summit will take place over two days in Dubai on October 4-5, 2023, in Le Meridien Dubai Hotel & Conference Center, attracting the world's top crypto companies, blockchain entrepreneurs and AI innovators. Solidifying its position as a premier event in the blockchain and cryptocurrency space, the Blockchain Economy Summit has achieved remarkable success with previous editions held in London and Istanbul earlier this year. These highly acclaimed summits have further established the event's global reputation. Notably, OKX, the World's second-largest crypto exchange, proudly serves as the Exclusive Title sponsor for all of Blockchain Economy's 2023 Summits. As Dubai rapidly emerges as a global crypto hub, the Blockchain Economy Dubai Summit will serve as the region's premier gathering, representing the world of blockchain, cryptocurrency and AI. With participants from over 85 countries, this prestigious event offers a comprehensive program focused on the future of financial technologies, providing extensive networking opportunities for attendees. "We are thrilled to be back in Dubai, a city at the forefront of embracing blockchain technology," said Servi Aman, General Manager of the Blockchain Economy Summit. "Dubai's strategic vision and commitment to innovation perfectly align with our mission to shape the future of finance. This event will spark collaboration and exploration of groundbreaking ideas, driving the crypto industry forward." Mind-blowing speakers and discussion all over The Blockchain Economy Dubai Summit will feature renowned speakers from various sectors of the tech industry. The first lineup of notable speakers joining the event this year includes: Martin Hanzl - Head of New Technologies at EY Law Lennix Lai - Global Chief Commercial Officer at OKX Fred Sun - Head of Strategy at Tencent Cloud International Matthew Sigel - Head of Digital Assets Research at VanEck Michaël van de Poppe - Crypto Investor, Technical Analyst and CEO of MN Trading Charles Cheng - Ph.D, Forbes China 60 Sam Blatteis - CEO of The MENA Catalysts Alex Fazel - Chief Partnership Officer at SwissBorg These influential speakers, along with many others, will share their expertise and insights, contributing to the vibrant discussions and knowledge exchange at the summit. The summit will delve into the latest developments and trends within the blockchain, cryptocurrency and AI space, featuring industry leaders, engaging panel discussions, and opportunities for growth and investment. With top crypto companies and tech entrepreneurs converging in Dubai, the event will serve as an unparalleled platform for networking, knowledge sharing, and fostering strategic partnerships. Why Dubai? Dubai's dynamic ecosystem, progressive regulatory framework, and thriving crypto community provide the ideal backdrop for the Blockchain Economy Dubai Summit. The event aims to solidify Dubai's position as a global leader in blockchain innovation and accelerate its journey towards becoming a prominent crypto hub. Important Details For more information about the Blockchain Economy Dubai Summit and to secure your participation, please visit the below links: Tickets: https://beconomydubai.com/tickets Sponsorships: https://beconomydubai.com/why-sponsor Discounted Hotel Booking: https://beconomydubai.com/venue And don’t forget… Name of the Event: Blockchain Economy Dubai Summit 2023 Date: October 04-05, 2023 Venue: Le Meridien Dubai Hotel & Conference Center Event Hashtag: #BESUMMIT Contact address: contact@teklip.org

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The recent G20 Summit 2018 at Argentina given a much powerful message. In Section (25), about the world financial system at international standards, following is the excerpt for Crypto-assets. We will regulate crypto-assets for anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorist I line with FATF standards and we will consider other responses as needed. Another focused conclusion about emerging digital economy in the G20 Summit as written in Section (26). We will regulate crypto-assets for anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorist I line with FATF standards and we will consider other responses as needed. More than $2 Billion already invested by the private sector alone in the global Blockchain market. Almost 1000+ active companies in Blockchain arenas today with $290 Billion Market Value expected by 2019. The world is innovating without permission. The real essence of Blockchain Technology lies in innovating the Government based applications. The Deleware company corporation records stored on Blockchain, Sweden operating now real-estate transaction on Blockchain, Singapore issuing invoicing into the Blockchain, The UK using Blockchain based monitors for distribution of grants. In Estonia, e-Citizens records, e-Payments key, medical records secured on Blockchain and the Ghana recording land registry using Blockchain Technology. Last but not least. The most promising initiative of Smart Dubai — Dubai Blockchain Strategy. Dubai is on the fast track to implement Blockchain in government operations and it will be the First City in the World to be completely powered by the Blockchain by 2020. After producing a bunch of POCs and evaluating hundreds of Blockchain Innovations, with supporting tens of game-changing startups around the globe. Now, sharing a few easy to implement and potential Blockchain Use Cases to change the society in a phenomenal way, all for public and private sectors. I dedicated this article to help Pakistan’s based Startups, SMEs and big giants to join hands and come forward to participate in the wave of data, disruption and decentralization through Blockchain. I would like to send a message to Blockchain Enthusiasts based in Developing Countries Let’s collaborate with each other and put forward the promotion and adoption of Blockchain Technology in public and private sectors in Pakistan. We are global consortium of early adopters of Blockchain. The consortium consisting of peoples and organizations who are creators & inventors, regulators & policy makers, academicians & educators, entrepreneurs & innovators, scientists & researchers, programmers and developers, architect & troubleshooters. We are ready to help in advocacy, research, policymaking, consultation and regulation. The Global Overview: The States behind the curve operating a pilot program under U.S Treasury Department to determine that the Blockchain Technology adoptable to the supply chain management. United States of America: The BBVA — Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, is the second largest bank of Spain by assets and capitalization. It is the first global bank to use the Blockchain technology throughout the entire issuance and management of 75 million euro in the loan. In Addition, The government of Spain backing a startup called Navibration. A technology company introducing audio guided tours as a social network based on Blockchain. That means translators, writers, travellers, reviewers, etc. can create content on the social network and allowing people to purchase tours using patented navigation system. Spain: The Hot & The Cold response towards Blockchain boom is given by China. One of the District government from the Nanjing City i.e Jiangbew New Area announced 10 Billion yuan ($1.4 Billion) fund. Also, the Municipal Government of Chinese cities of Hangzhou and Shenzhen both have dedicated funds of $1.6 Billion and $80 Million respectively. China: It’s much clearer that the Government and People of China already understood the value of Blockchain Technology. They believe they could bring businesses and organizations to have futuristic advantages. Therefore, the funds are available in investing in the businesses in order to leverage through Blockchain Technology. When it comes to the advocacy of Cryptos. Japan moving at a very fast pace. The high-end growth in the Blockchain sector after legalizing Bitcoin changed the entire Japanese landscape. The Tokyo Metropolitan Accelerator Program being hosted Blockchain Business Camp Tokyo with the simplest goal to bring a quality of life among Tokyo residents. Japan: The Oceania continent especially Australia is the longest supporter of Blockchain Technology. The Federal Government ready to invest A$ 2.2 million in Blockchain initiatives in the sugar industry. Yes, the sugar industry. Blockchain-based Sustainable Sugar Project in coalition with Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull’s, which targets Queensland, the major sugar export region of Australia. Australia: In Addition to that, there are tens of Blockchain based companies raised millions of dollars to fund their initiatives, these are the signs concluded that Australia is an influential force in the Blockchain space. 6 Small Nations — Six Bigger Players of Blockchain There are seven small nations, raising as the bigger players of the Blockchain the mind can ever guess. Georgia, Malta, Cyprus, Gibraltar, Thailand, Liechtenstein and Slovenia. is playing an excellent role in becoming a Blockchain hub because of its geographical location and the absence of double taxation system. It has been long been a financial hub for Europe. After the debt crisis in 2013, affected its status as a key destination for the financial sector. The crisis paved the way for easy acceptance of many technologies such as Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies. Cyprus Now, with a stable economy and positive stance by the government on digital currency and Blockchain based initiatives. Cyprus is possibly the best place for Blockchain based projects. The University of Nicosia offers World Class courses and degree program in Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies and hosts student. The International Institute of Management regularly conducts programs by lectures and seminars to give awareness. Cyprus almost transformed into the decentralized economy and considered as the Vatican for Blockchain for startups. the small country with an estimated population of just four million with half of Georgia is in the United States. This nation ranked among the second in cryptocurrency mining. The survey suggests that almost 5% of Georgian households participate by either mining or investing in the crypto space. Georgia transformed from the net exporter to a net importer of Electricity. Electricity because consumption was higher by three times and mining demand estimated by 20% in 2017, per capita. Georgia the recent policy and regulation framework of ICO/ITO/STO changing the entire scene of Technology in Malta and global Crypto landscape. The Binance is interested to move its headquarters from Hong Kong to Malta because of the stability due to well-crafted policy in the region. Malta After the proposed, creation of Malta Digital Innovation Authority Act (MDIA) which definitely helping several policies and objectives in promoting, fostering and accelerating the advancement of Blockchain based digital ledger technologies, the Blockchain projects and crypto-based innovations. Followed by the Innovative Technology Advancement and Services Act (ITAS) defines the criteria and registration for innovative technology arrangement and provides auditing and certification of software and architecture used in designing and delivering DLT, Smart Contracts, Token Exchanges and DAOs. Malta earned the title “Blockchain Island” after approval of legislation, established ICO regulation as the world’s first integrated framework on July 4, 2018. not behind from any region. An interesting development in 2017 was that Thailand Postal Service. The use of Blockchain Technology in tracking packages of the luxury items being sent from the postal service ensure safety and security. No one can ever open ups the parcel without authorization i.e private key only in the possession of the receiver. The other way as well Thailand embraced Blockchain technology by amending its Electronic Transaction Act 2001 through Electronic Transaction Development Agency, to include the support and use of smart contracts powered by the Blockchain technology. The region is supposed to replace traditional ledgers with DLTs at central institutions. Thailand a British Overseas Territory and Headland committed to trains young professionals and new generations on Blockchain. The advisory group has formed to complete the job. The New Technology in Education (NTiE) group a joint venture between the government and the University of Gibraltar. The new courses are commencing later, focusing on educating individual or working in the potential application of Blockchain technology by taking inputs from the companies based in the region. In July 2018, Gibraltar Stock Exchange granted and launched a multifaceted ICO and Trading platform i.e Gibraltar Blockchain Exchange. Gibraltar The Silicon Dolina. It is expected that the country of 2 Million people will be the Silicon Valley of Blockchain in the world. Ljubljana, become a global hotspot for Blockchain and Crypto technology companies and several leaders born out of the country. Nicehash, Bitstamp, Eventum and many other companies are somehow Slovenian based. The musician Gramatik was the first artist in the world to tokenize its IP by issuing tokens to generate revenue. In October 2017, Prime Minister declared that the government wants to be a region as the most recognized Blockchain destination in the European Union. The European Blockchain Alliance based in Slovenia Blockchain is a non-profit organization that connects European companies and legal entities that use or implement Blockchain technologies, presiding by Tanja Bivic Plankar. Established with the purpose of mutual assistance in the field of business development, networking, cooperation and a joint approach to defending the interests of the members of the alliance. It also seeks to raise awareness of the importance of the Blockchain technology among the professional and lay public, and, therefore, organizes various events and training courses. It also cooperates with the government authorities in the field of the relevant legislation. The Blockchain Alliance Europe will be a key player in the process of creating a setting that will transform Slovenia and Europe into a global Blockchain destination. The members will work harmoniously and in unison for the benefit of the individual and collective business development of European blockchain companies. Slovenia — In my country, There is a breakthrough. Alipay and Telenor Microfinance Bank Launched the First Blockchain Based Remittance Service in Pakistan. Blockchain Forum of Pakistan already functioning in Pakistan with an aim to accelerate the adoption and promotion of Blockchain Technology across public and private sectors. Go4 Blockchain and AppsGenii offering R&D and Consultation Services for Pakistani companies, reshaping and introducing new innovative products and services around Blockchain Technology. IoBM working through Blockchain Center within its institute as a research hub and Sukkur IBA established Blockchain Innovation Center to conduct local research and introduced few uses cases in the market. Pakistan It is really justified to say that Blockchain Technology is evolving from the infancy and idealistic phase to reality and it has the potential to change society. From Developed to Developing Countries, The Blockchain is unstoppable. The Author is a Pakistani Blockchain Evangelist. Follow him on Twitter: and Read more: . He is highly involved in disrupting the financial market landscape through Blockchain & AI based prediction platform using Wisdom of Crowd Approach serving as Blockchain Strategist & CMO of . @mahsankhan92 https://www.about.me/mahsankhan NAi Tech — Entrepreneur, Author, Researcher, Cryptocurrency Proponent, Advisor, Consultant and Blockchain Trainer. He is the Founder & CEO of Go4 Blockchain and The Cofounder & Director of Blockchain Forum of Pakistan Muhammad Ahsan Khan

Blockchain Technology A Global Perspective!

There’s been a lot of talk about the next “revolutionary” wave in telecom networks starting to roll out, aptly dubbed “ ”, or “5th Generation” of cellular network standards. For those who are already able to stream on their phone with ease, though, this begs the questions — what’s the big deal and why should I care? 5G This article will hopefully clarify what 5G technology actually is and how it’ll affect far more than just our ability to watch cat videos on the train. I’ll cover the basic vocabulary, technological concepts, and discuss how/when it’ll actually be implemented. Let’s start with the basics. What is 5G and why is it any better than the status quo? To understand 5G and its relevance, we first need to examine its predecessors (with each iteration rather uncreatively named 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G) and how it built off of them: Introduced in the 1980s, was the first mode for mass wireless communication, allowing us to make simple calls between mobile phones. The data transfer speed was about 0.01 MB per second. 1G was introduced a decade later in 1991, offering greater security through its use of digital encryption, as opposed to analog signals, and greater speed (3.1 MB per second). It also allowed for regular, text-only SMS messages to be sent. 2G came out in 1998 and made way for the eventual smartphone revolution, offering higher speeds (14.4 MB per second) and bridging mobile devices to the Internet. 3G The current standard, , was released in 2008. The most notable change here was the incredible jump in speed to 300 MB per second, allowing users to engage in activities like high-definition media streaming. 4G/LTE That brings us to 5G. It offers the same fundamental features as its predecessors (SMS messaging, cellular voice calls, and internet connectivity), largely built upon the core of 4G LTE technology. There are four notable changes here, though: bandwidth, which is expected to reach up to 1 GB per second, decreased latency times (less than a millisecond), energy efficiency, and greater capacity. network The relevance of the speed is pretty self-explanatory, but to put that number in perspective, a full 1080p HD movie is typically between 2 GB to 3 GB. For potential applications like self-driving cars (discussed below) which generate up to petabytes (1 million GB) of data at a time, this is a game-changer. Relatedly, the lowering of latency, which is a delay in the actual process of transferring data, is also a pretty big deal. No matter how large the data packets you can transfer at a given moment (bandwidth) are, the speed is rate-limited by the actual rate at which the information gets from point A to B (latency). This is why currently even on high-bandwidth internet, your Netflix app might still pause and load to process more data. Reread this paragraph if you didn’t understand it — latency is going to come up a lot in just a bit! Energy efficiency is relatively straightforward. 5G will consume less power on devices, meaning longer battery lives, and perhaps by extension, less carbon waste from charging devices less often. As for greater network capacity, this is quite possible the most important change of all. With the rapid expansion of the Internet of Things, more and more devices are being designed for use on cellular networks, meaning that we an infrastructural change to accommodate this (and future) demand. need OK, so 5G includes some pretty big technological improvements. I’m still not seeing how this will affect my day-to-day life, though. This is a fair statement, and a sentiment I shared at first as well. The core logic likely underlying such a claim, though, is the fallacy that cellular networks exist primarily to be used by cell phones. While 5G certainly will allow for a much quicker user experience in that regard, there are also several very different technologies it will altogether . Below are brief explanations on some of the most exciting (in my opinion): revolutionize 5G’s low latency (in tandem with powerful edge-computing algorithms) would allow autonomous vehicles to respond quickly to any sudden environmental shifts, while also potentially communicating with nearby vehicles to optimize traffic and route times. To clarify, edge computing essentially designates a significant portion of computational activity to the car itself, rather constantly relaying information back and forth all the way between the car and a remote server (thus placing less burden on the cellular networks). 4G networks even then aren’t able to handle such high-speed, high-volume transfers of information, nor send data with low enough latency to keep passengers safe. Self-driving cars: Virtual reality is the placement of a user (typically with a headset) in a completely simulated, digital world. Augmented reality is the placement of digital constructs on top of a live feed of the real world. In both cases, the user is interacting in real-time with their environment. When this is being done without the need for cellular connection (ex: the landscape for the VR world is downloaded locally, or the AR object layered on the world is pre-configured) that’s not an issue. When the user needs to interact in real-time with the digital environment over a cellular connection, though (ex: Facebook’s virtual reality world), it’s only with the low latency of 5G that there can be a seamless, responsive experience. Virtual and augmented reality: This is essentially real-time, haptic feedback on a machine, is perhaps the most interesting prospect. In surgery, for example, a surgeon could in theory control robotic equipment to perform the surgery with, which allows him/her to make much more precise movements than just the human hand. With tactile internet then, the device they’re using will be able to buzz/move/etc. at certain positions so that the doctor controlling the equipment can feel what the machine “feels”, such as the firmness of a bone or pumping of blood through an artery. This allows them to benefit from the senses of a human, while using the precision of a machine. To be able to simulate what something like over the internet in response to real world events, though, requires a (perceived) instantaneous transfer of information, which only the low-latency of 5G can allow. It’s possible the same technology could even be used for remotely performed surgeries. Tactile internet: feels Here, it’s a general combination of 5G’s core capabilities (high-speed, low latency, larger capacity) that creates the possibility of smart cities. The smart city is basically applying IoT capabilities to every function/service in a city, ranging from the power grid to public transportation. For example, (self-driving) buses could target locations with the highest population density at any given moment (as determined by connected security cameras), eradicating the need for constant, permanent bus stops as the system evolves. Everything connected to the internet is suddenly optimized to interact with the rest of the city. Smart cities: These are just a few example, but as you may have noticed, 5G’s low latency is the key to unlocking quite a few capabilities. It’s crazy to think that these revolutionary technologies, all of which we’ve been discussing for decades, have been limited primarily by data speeds, rather than a product development issue itself. Speaking more broadly, we now have the opportunity to create entire industries that were once stuff of science fiction. The ability to quickly transfer information will rarely again serve as a bottleneck for innovation. Often, we connect to cellular networks when we just don’t have access to WiFi or ethernet. In a world with 5G though, that 5G service becomes the preferred default (speaking from a technological standpoint — pricing/general implementation is a whole different ball game, as discussed below). It sounds like 5G is going to be everywhere. What resources do telecom companies need so that they can offer it? Offering 5G will soon enough be a baseline expectation, meaning that those who can’t keep up will be left behind. As I’ll explain below, though, keeping up isn’t such an easy task. There’s two core resources to discuss here: spectrum and fiber. Spectrum is a collection of all the frequencies (of the electromagnetic spectrum) at which wireless signals can be deployed between a wireless tower and the device being used. It exists in three main forms: unlicensed, licensed, and shared. is pretty straightforward, and it’s what we typically expect. It consists frequencies that anyone can use, like a WiFi connection (in this case, the spectrum is between a device router and a router, rather than a tower). There’s not really a limit on the use here, as its freely available and locally hosted. Unlicensed spectrum , however, isn’t as easy to get ahold of. The government holds a highly competitive auctioning process so that companies (such as AT&T, Verizon, etc.) can own certain frequencies across the country for their cellular networks. Companies bid based on frequencies and locations that they’d like to own, both of which are variables that depend entirely on the specific company’s intentions (different frequencies are optimized for different applications/technologies). It may seem odd that the government is essentially putting the country’s airwaves for sale, but if spectrum wasn’t sold on a per-company basis, multiple companies using the same frequencies in the same area would for all practical purposes destroy the signals being sent. Licensed spectrum allows third-parties that don’t own specific frequencies of spectrum to use the frequencies for their own purposes. Despite the competitive process to get spectrum, there are places at which as little as no purchased spectrum is being used. This allows those with spectrum licenses to generate passive income, while also optimizing the use of resources by creating opportunities for other businesses (who, for example, may be smaller and couldn’t compete in the spectrum bidding war). Shared spectrum The FCC has announced that the 5G spectrum auction begins on November 14, 2018, and we can expect the bids to get astronomically high, as spectrum is generally regarded to be a relatively rare resource. Mobile spectrum alone is estimated to be worth $500 billion. Some believe more spectrum will be made available as the technology to communicate over more frequencies is developed, but at least for now, availability is scarce. The market will only get more competitive in the meanwhile. The other key component telecom companies will need in order to offer 5G is fiber. Fiber is shorthand for fiber-optic technology, which transmits information by sending pulses of light through wires made of optical fiber. It’s essentially wired internet, and it’s incredibly fast (as in, equal to the speed of 5G). This may seem a bit confusing, as I’ve been going on endlessly about the power of 5G as a wireless connectivity service, so requiring fiber optic cables sounds like it’s going against what we’re trying to do with wireless technology. This is actually quite a prominent and dangerous misconception about 5G. It turns out that to reach the speeds that 5G requires, the signals need to be at very high frequencies (meaning that the spectrum companies bid on in a few months are significantly higher frequencies than what we use for technologies like 4G). With a quick flashback to high school physics, you may remember that a higher frequency indicates a shorter wavelength. In this case, it means that 5G signals can only travel up to about 100 meters during the day with absolutely no obstruction (such as the walls of a house), and significantly less with obstruction. As a result, to make 5G a reality, we’re going to need to set up millions of “stations” (which are essentially antennas sending out the 5G signal) all across the country, in places ranging from our neighborhoods to our highway. These stations are built upon fiber optic cable, which can carry the massive volumes of information that we want for hundreds of miles with pretty much no degradation. Because of how easily the signals can be interrupted, we may even end up bringing stations into our houses at some point as well. Essentially, the underground, wired fiber brings all the data to the 5G stations that will be everywhere, and from these stations, the “5G part” happens when the signal is wirelessly transmitted to our device. To clarify, the reason 5G is so fast isn’t just because it’s right next to the stations. The waves themselves can carry far more information than 4G could, and the actual process of transmitting the information doesn’t have nearly as high of a latency. The technology is more powerful (though I concede you could make a valid argument saying the distance constraint actually nullifies this claim), but it also happens to have constraints. It seems like spectrum has been mostly dealt with. What about fiber, though? Doesn’t requiring millions of stations render 5G useless? It’s certainly not useless (or I wouldn’t be writing this much about it). However, it’s definitely not something we’re going to see in mass market applications for a while. In order to actually make 5G accessible to the average consumer, we’re going to first need fiber laid across pretty much the entire country. Right now, it exists primarily just in large cities (and even then, there’s no station present for 5G). Stations can just be added to existing infrastructure like lamp posts, but this effort is still an undertaking will cost up to $150 billion and take around five years, as per a Deloitte estimate. The current situation also means that 5G technologies will first come to urban areas, then suburban, and likely much later, rural as well. While companies, such as AT&T, have already begun preparing 5G networks for deployment, it’s important to remember this isn’t true 5G. As explained by 3GPP, the organization which writes the standards, “5G will remain a marketing & industry term that companies will use as they see fit” until the standards are published (which was only this past December). Case in point: AT&T’s supposed 5G network essentially just leverages 4G LTE technology. How are policymakers preparing us for this future? This has actually become quite a big issue that’s manifested itself several times in the past year alone. 5G is for all intents and purposes an arms race between two countries: the United States and China. That said, given the current situation, most seem to agree that China has pretty much already won. Sure, part of the reason both countries are taking 5G so seriously is because of its direct application to technologies like self-driving cars and their economic implications. What’s really on their mind, though, is artificial intelligence. Once 5G networks are operational, that’s more of data being generated, processed, and transferred. Artificial intelligence algorithms are taught and improved based on data, meaning that they get better when they’re fed more data (so long as its useful data). Whichever country can implement a true 5G network first is essentially going to end up light years ahead of the other in artificial intelligence because of this advantage, which in turn pretty much guarantees geopolitical dominance for eternity (or at least, a really long time). worlds This calls into question how exactly China is currently ahead. The most apparent way is from an infrastructure standpoint. With regards to the millions of local stations that I mentioned need to be created for 5G to be operational, it’s estimated that China has built over 350,000, while the United States has only built about 30,000. Less obvious, but equally important, is the spectrum distribution process. The highly competitive spectrum auctioning process among numerous cellular carriers in the US leaves a dent in the wallets of the participants, meaning their ability to actually invest in technology development after they buy the rights to it is hurt quite badly. In China, on the other hand, there’s only a few major players, all of which are government owned. This means that they can still invest heavily in developing 5G stations across the country after their auctions because it’s ultimately the Chinese government that’s footing the bill. Some have suggested that the US should change their spectrum auction process to basically turn the entire network into a shared spectrum, which is allocated by a non-carrier third party. The Trump administration seems to be quite open to this “nationalized” 5G network concept, though details about how to pay for things like building the stations aren’t known (and there also hasn’t been any talk of cancelling the auction yet). This race is why the Trump administration blocked Broadcom (a Chinese company) from purchasing Qualcomm (a US company), as Qualcomm is generally regarded to be America’s 5G leader alongside Intel. Some policy experts also believe it’s the real reason behind the recent tariffs placed on Chinese imports, with a supposed intention of stunting China’s massive investment in the technology. Overall, the situation isn’t going too well here for America. China’s network is expected to roll out in early 2019, while the timeline in the United States still remains quite unclear. Heavier investment is needed to compete. Alright, so 3,000+ words later, what are the major takeaways here? 5G allows us to develop all sorts of fantastical new technologies, but it’s several years away from being a reality. Geopolitically speaking, it’s crucial to develop a full-fledged 5G network as soon as possible, which is why we need policymakers to take more action in this domain. I’ll conclude with a quote from the World Economic Forum for some final perspective: “Economists estimate the global economic impact of 5G in new goods and services will reach $12 trillion by 2035 as 5G moves mobile technology from connecting people to people and information, towards connecting people to everything.” It may not be here tomorrow, but there’s no doubt about it: 5G is the future. Sources: , , , , , , , , , , , . NBC Wired CNN Deloitte World Economic Forum Cisco 5G.co 1 5G.co 2 Spectrum Futures Network World Axios Forbes

Everything you need to know about 5G technology (non-technical)

Authors:
(1) Prabath Jayatissa, University of Colombo
(2) Roshan Hewapathirane, University of Colombo Table of Links Abstract & Introduction Methodology Results Conclusion & References 4. CONCLUSION Interoperability among health information systems is crucial for improving healthcare delivery in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) where access to quality healthcare is often limited. However, achieving interoperability in LMICs faces challenges such as limited resources, fragmented health information systems, and diverse health IT infrastructure. Strategies such as standardisation, consolidation, investment in health IT infrastructure, capacity building, and addressing data privacy and security concerns can enhance interoperability efforts. Collaborative efforts among governments, non-profit organisations, the private sector, and other stakeholders are essential for overcoming challenges and promoting interoperability in LMICs. Further research is needed to evaluate the impact of these strategies and identify novel approaches that are specific to the unique challenges faced by different regions and contexts within LMICs. Research on the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of interoperable health information systems is also crucial. Significant challenges include the need for more standardisation, fragmented health information systems, limited resources, and data privacy concerns. However, strategies such as standardisation, consolidation, investment in health IT infrastructure, and capacity building can help overcome them. Collaborative efforts are needed to address the multifaceted challenges of interoperability in LMICs and implement effective strategies. Further research and collaborative efforts are required to address the unique needs and contexts of LMICs and unlock the potential of health information systems to improve healthcare outcomes and advance health systems towards more integrated, patient-centred, and data-driven care in LMICs. REFERENCES [1] Adler-Milstein, J., DesRoches, C. M., Kralovec, P., Foster, G., Worzala, C., Charles, D., & Searcy, T. (2013). Electronic health record adoption in US hospitals: progress continues, but challenges persist. Health Affairs, 32(8), 1478-1485. [2] Adefioye, O. A., Adeleke, I. T., & Adewumi, A. O. (2019). Interoperability of health information systems in low-income countries: a systematic review of barriers and facilitators. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 19(1), 16. [3] Blaya, J. A., Fraser, H. S., & Holt, B. (2017). E-health technologies show promise in developing countries. Health Affairs, 36(12), 2168-2175. [4] Braa, J., Sahay, S., & Westerlund, M. (2017). The role of participatory design in strengthening community-based health information systems: a case study from Mozambique. Health Informatics Journal, 23(3), 180-189. [5] Kamadjeu, R. (2019). Impact of interoperability among electronic health records in low-resource settings: A systematic review. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 123, 27-34. [6] Karim, A. M., Ahsan, H., & Uddin, M. J. (2019). Interoperability in e-Health: A Systematic Literature Review. Health and Technology, 9(4), 687-697. [7] Seebregts, C. J., Mamlin, B. W., Biondich, P. G., Fraser, H. S., & Wolfe, B. A. (2017). Human factor considerations in developing and implementing information and communication technologies for health in low-resource settings. Yearbook of Medical Informatics, 26(01), 123-130. [8] Sharma, A., Wickramasinghe, N., & Gupta, D. (2017). Leveraging the capabilities of electronic health records for enhancing decision-making processes in low-resource settings: a literature review. Health Informatics Journal, 23(2), 89-99. [9] W G P T Jayatissa, Vajira HWD, Roshan H. Review of Master Patient Index. Dent Res Int J DRIJ. 2017;3(2):37–48. https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.00451 [10] Tchouaket, É. N., Charrier, R., & Henry, S. (2019). Addressing the lack of interoperability among health information systems in low-income countries: a socio-technical approach. Health and Technology, 9(5), 729-742. [11] Blaya, J.A., Fraser, H.S.F., Holt, B. (2017). E-health interoperability. In: Marschollek, M., Bauer, A., Wolf, K.H., Gradinger, M., eds. eHealth2016 - Health Informatics Meets eHealth: From Sensors to Decisions. IOS Press, pp. 9-14. [12] Tchouaket, É.N., Moine, M.P., Adedokun, A., et al. (2019). Challenges to Interoperability of Health Information Systems in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Literature Review. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 264, pp. 1399-1403. [13] Adler-Milstein, J., Jha, A.K. (2013). Sharing Clinical Data Electronically: A Critical Challenge for Fixing the Health Care System. JAMA, 309(10), pp. 991-992. [14] Kamadjeu, R. (2019). Challenges of Implementing eHealth in Developing Countries: An Example of a Web-Based Asynchronous Telemedicine System. Health Informatics Journal, 25(1), pp. 62-71. [15] Sharma, A., Kamadjeu, R., Mirza, S., et al. (2017). Development of a National Health Information System in a Resource-Limited Setting: A Case Study from Liberia. Health Informatics Journal, 23(4), pp. 295-306. [16] Jayatissa P, Vajira HWD, Roshan H. Developing a functional prototype Master Patient Index (MPI) for interoperability of E-Health systems in Seri Lanka. Dent Res Int J DRIJ. 2017;2(2):9–26. https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.00451 [17] Seebregts, C.J., Mamlin, B.W., Biondich, P.G., et al. (2017). The OpenMRS Implementers Network. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 108, pp. 117-121. [18] Adefioye, O.A., Asaolu, I.O., Ajayi, T.A., et al. (2019). Ethical and Legal Issues in Health Information Exchange in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review. BMC Medical Ethics, 20(1), pp. 84. [19] Braa, J., Hanseth, O., Mohammed, W., et al. (2017). Developing Health Information Systems in Developing Countries: The Flexible Standards Strategy. MIS Quarterly, 41(1), pp. 309-322. [20] Karim, A.M., Nematzadeh, A., Gombera, F., et al. (2019). eHealth in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Findings from the Center for Health Market Innovations. Health Affairs, 38(5), pp. 711- 718. [21] Jayatissa P, Hewapatirane R. Development of Minimum Clinical Data Set For Master Patient Index(MPI) for Sri Lankan Context. https://airccse.com/drij/papers/4422drij01.pdf .2022 Nov 1;4(4):1–18. This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. Authors: (1) Prabath Jayatissa, University of Colombo (2) Roshan Hewapathirane, University of Colombo Authors: Authors: (1) Prabath Jayatissa, University of Colombo (2) Roshan Hewapathirane, University of Colombo Table of Links Abstract & Introduction Abstract & Introduction Methodology Methodology Results Results Conclusion & References Conclusion & References 4. CONCLUSION Interoperability among health information systems is crucial for improving healthcare delivery in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) where access to quality healthcare is often limited. However, achieving interoperability in LMICs faces challenges such as limited resources, fragmented health information systems, and diverse health IT infrastructure. Strategies such as standardisation, consolidation, investment in health IT infrastructure, capacity building, and addressing data privacy and security concerns can enhance interoperability efforts. Collaborative efforts among governments, non-profit organisations, the private sector, and other stakeholders are essential for overcoming challenges and promoting interoperability in LMICs. Further research is needed to evaluate the impact of these strategies and identify novel approaches that are specific to the unique challenges faced by different regions and contexts within LMICs. Research on the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of interoperable health information systems is also crucial. Significant challenges include the need for more standardisation, fragmented health information systems, limited resources, and data privacy concerns. However, strategies such as standardisation, consolidation, investment in health IT infrastructure, and capacity building can help overcome them. Collaborative efforts are needed to address the multifaceted challenges of interoperability in LMICs and implement effective strategies. Further research and collaborative efforts are required to address the unique needs and contexts of LMICs and unlock the potential of health information systems to improve healthcare outcomes and advance health systems towards more integrated, patient-centred, and data-driven care in LMICs. REFERENCES [1] Adler-Milstein, J., DesRoches, C. M., Kralovec, P., Foster, G., Worzala, C., Charles, D., & Searcy, T. (2013). Electronic health record adoption in US hospitals: progress continues, but challenges persist. Health Affairs, 32(8), 1478-1485. [2] Adefioye, O. A., Adeleke, I. T., & Adewumi, A. O. (2019). Interoperability of health information systems in low-income countries: a systematic review of barriers and facilitators. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 19(1), 16. [3] Blaya, J. A., Fraser, H. S., & Holt, B. (2017). E-health technologies show promise in developing countries. Health Affairs, 36(12), 2168-2175. [4] Braa, J., Sahay, S., & Westerlund, M. (2017). The role of participatory design in strengthening community-based health information systems: a case study from Mozambique. Health Informatics Journal, 23(3), 180-189. [5] Kamadjeu, R. (2019). Impact of interoperability among electronic health records in low-resource settings: A systematic review. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 123, 27-34. [6] Karim, A. M., Ahsan, H., & Uddin, M. J. (2019). Interoperability in e-Health: A Systematic Literature Review. Health and Technology, 9(4), 687-697. [7] Seebregts, C. J., Mamlin, B. W., Biondich, P. G., Fraser, H. S., & Wolfe, B. A. (2017). Human factor considerations in developing and implementing information and communication technologies for health in low-resource settings. Yearbook of Medical Informatics, 26(01), 123-130. [8] Sharma, A., Wickramasinghe, N., & Gupta, D. (2017). Leveraging the capabilities of electronic health records for enhancing decision-making processes in low-resource settings: a literature review. Health Informatics Journal, 23(2), 89-99. [9] W G P T Jayatissa, Vajira HWD, Roshan H. Review of Master Patient Index. Dent Res Int J DRIJ. 2017;3(2):37–48. https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.00451 [10] Tchouaket, É. N., Charrier, R., & Henry, S. (2019). Addressing the lack of interoperability among health information systems in low-income countries: a socio-technical approach. Health and Technology, 9(5), 729-742. [11] Blaya, J.A., Fraser, H.S.F., Holt, B. (2017). E-health interoperability. In: Marschollek, M., Bauer, A., Wolf, K.H., Gradinger, M., eds. eHealth2016 - Health Informatics Meets eHealth: From Sensors to Decisions. IOS Press, pp. 9-14. [12] Tchouaket, É.N., Moine, M.P., Adedokun, A., et al. (2019). Challenges to Interoperability of Health Information Systems in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Literature Review. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 264, pp. 1399-1403. [13] Adler-Milstein, J., Jha, A.K. (2013). Sharing Clinical Data Electronically: A Critical Challenge for Fixing the Health Care System. JAMA, 309(10), pp. 991-992. [14] Kamadjeu, R. (2019). Challenges of Implementing eHealth in Developing Countries: An Example of a Web-Based Asynchronous Telemedicine System. Health Informatics Journal, 25(1), pp. 62-71. [15] Sharma, A., Kamadjeu, R., Mirza, S., et al. (2017). Development of a National Health Information System in a Resource-Limited Setting: A Case Study from Liberia. Health Informatics Journal, 23(4), pp. 295-306. [16] Jayatissa P, Vajira HWD, Roshan H. Developing a functional prototype Master Patient Index (MPI) for interoperability of E-Health systems in Seri Lanka. Dent Res Int J DRIJ. 2017;2(2):9–26. https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.00451 [17] Seebregts, C.J., Mamlin, B.W., Biondich, P.G., et al. (2017). The OpenMRS Implementers Network. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 108, pp. 117-121. [18] Adefioye, O.A., Asaolu, I.O., Ajayi, T.A., et al. (2019). Ethical and Legal Issues in Health Information Exchange in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review. BMC Medical Ethics, 20(1), pp. 84. [19] Braa, J., Hanseth, O., Mohammed, W., et al. (2017). Developing Health Information Systems in Developing Countries: The Flexible Standards Strategy. MIS Quarterly, 41(1), pp. 309-322. [20] Karim, A.M., Nematzadeh, A., Gombera, F., et al. (2019). eHealth in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Findings from the Center for Health Market Innovations. Health Affairs, 38(5), pp. 711- 718. [21] Jayatissa P, Hewapatirane R. Development of Minimum Clinical Data Set For Master Patient Index(MPI) for Sri Lankan Context. https://airccse.com/drij/papers/4422drij01.pdf .2022 Nov 1;4(4):1–18. This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license. available on arxiv

Enhancing Interoperability in LMIC Healthcare Information Systems

Authors: (1) Gopal Yadav, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology & Chennai Mathematical Institute. Table of Links Abstract Acknowledgment PART I Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: SU(3) LECs from Type IIA String Theory Chapter 3: Deconfinement Phase Transition in Thermal QCD-Like Theories at Intermediate Coupling in the Absence and Presence of Rotation Chapter 4: Conclusion and Future Outlook PART II Chapter 5: Introduction Chapter 6: Page Curves of Reissner-Nordström Black Hole in HD Gravity Chapter 7: Entanglement Entropy and Page Curve from the M-Theory Dual of Thermal QCD Above Tc at Intermediate Coupling Chapter 8: Black Hole Islands in Multi-Event Horizon Space-Times Chapter 9: Multiverse in Karch-Randall Braneworld Chapter 10: Conclusion and Future outlook APPENDIX A APPENDIX B APPENDIX C Bibliography ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am very grateful to my supervisor, Prof. Aalok Misra, for guiding me during my Ph.D. and making me what I am today. I enjoyed all the discussions that we have together. He trained me so that I can now do independent research. Apart from the research part, I learned many things from him, which helped me in the development of my personality in real life and as a researcher. I am very fortunate to have him as my supervisor. I am very thankful to my supervisor and his family, who always treated me like a family member, and for their encouragement, appreciation, and blessings. Without all these, my Ph.D. journey would not have been so smooth and pleasant. I would like to thank the very humble members of my research committee known as “Student Research Committee (SRC)”: Prof. Tashi Nautiyal (chairperson SRC), Prof. Dibakar Roychowdhury (internal member), Prof. Sugata Gangopadhyay (external member - Department of Computer Science and Engineering, I.I.T. Roorkee) and Prof. Arnab Kundu (Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics (SINP), Kolkata, India, an external member of me as a research fellow of CSIR), for their appreciation, encouragement, valuable comments, questions and evaluating me time to time. I am very grateful to Prof. Dibakar Roychowdhury for the discussions related to the research and post-doctoral position. He always encouraged me not to get tired and never give up. I would like to thank my collaborators, my supervisor, Dr. Vikas Yadav and Mr. Nitin Joshi (Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab, India) for working on the projects and publishing the papers with me. I would like to thank my colleagues from the string theory and high energy physics group Shivam, Hemant, Jitendra, Salman, Debarshi, Pushpa, Sumit and Abhishek for the valuable discussions, comments and questions. I am very grateful to the two former students from our research group Prof. Pramod Shukla (Bose Institute, Kolkata, India) and Dr. Karunva Sil (University of Cyprus) for their very helpful suggestions and guidance to me which helped me in getting a post-doctoral position. I am very grateful to Prof. Keshav Dasgupta for the help related to academia. I would like to thank Prof. Juan Maldacena (IAS, Princeton, USA), Prof. Andreas Karch (The University of Texas, Austin, USA), Prof. Tadashi Takayanagi (YITP, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan), Prof. Kostas Skenderis (University of Southampton, UK), Prof. Thomas Hartman (Cornell University), Prof. Suvrat Raju (ICTS, Bangalore), Prof. David Berenstein (University of California, Santa Barbara, USA), Prof. Xi Dong (University of California, Santa Barbara, USA), Prof. Arpan Bhattacharyya (IIT Gandhinagar, India), Prof. Christoph Uhlemann (University of Oxford), Prof. Rong-Xin Miao (Sun Yat-Sen University, China), Prof. Xuanhua Wang (UCAS, Wenzhou, China), Prof. Xian-Hui Ge (Shanghai University, China), Prof. Mohsen Alishahiha (IPM, Tehran, Iran), Prof. Sanjay Siwach (BHU, India), Prof. Chethan Krishnan (IISc Bangalore) for the useful discussions and comments during my PhD. I would also like to thank Prof. Suresh Tiwari, Prof. Rudra Prakash Malik, and Prof. Bhabani Prasad Mandal from the Banaras Hindu University (BHU), India, who helped me to start my journey into the Theoretical High Energy Physics during my master’s. I would also like to thank the editors, associate editors, and referees of the Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP), Physical Review D (PRD), Physics Letters B (PLB), and European Physical Journal C (EPJC) for their comments, criticism, etc. Those comments helped me in learning something new which was missing in my papers. I am very grateful to the organizers (including speakers and participants) of the various conferences/workshops/schools for organizing very interesting events. I enjoyed those events and learned about the many new research topics. I would like to thank the members of Indian Physics Association (IPA) Roorkee chapter. I enjoyed working with them. The members include, Prof. Akhilesh Kumar Mishra, Prof. Anjani Kumar Tiwari, Ishani, Aalok, Jaikhomba, Nifeeya, Prem Sagar, Priyanshu, Ritika, Shikha, Tsewang, Vanshaj, Vidisha. I would like to extend my gratitude to all the faculty members, staff, and to students, and postdocs in the Department of Physics at I.I.T. Roorkee for making this a memorable journey. I would like to thank my colleagues from the : Shakti, Soumya, Monika, Amarjyoti, Sonu, Pooja, Pooja, Manish, Veer and Mukesh for bearing me and making the workplace vibrant. I also thank my colleagues from the all the research scholar rooms. I thank my friends Shailesh, Rahul, Anurag, Nandeshwar, Sarvesh, Amit, Ramnivas, Shubhajit for their time to time motivation and encouragement. research scholar room 2 I am very thankful to have wonderful seniors who treated me like younger brother: Shubham, Naveen, Aalok, Dibyendu. I specially thank Prem Sagar who took care of me always during my stay at IIT Roorkee and Deepak for the wonderful company. I would like to thank Priyanka, Pooja and Jaikhomba who helped in various way during pre-synopsis and thesis submission. I am very thankful to Anil, Ramashish, Amarjyoti, Shakti and Soumya for their real life knowledge, I feel everyone should have friends like them but please don’t follow them otherwise you may get bitten at some places. I am also thankful to Shivam and Shubranshu for their valuable time and discussion on the real life issues. It was a great pleasure to have Manish, Brij Mohan, Ashutosh, Arun, Harsh, Ishitwa, Shakti at IIT Roorkee who are the alumni from BHU. I thank my friends Divya, Pavneet, Ankur, Anshu, Hemant, Anju, Rahul, Ashish, Tejaswini, Gagan, Uwais for their valuable time and discussions (on various topics) during my stay at IITR. I am very grateful to my family for their continuous support and everything. I am very grateful to my parents (Shri Shyam Narayan Yadav and Shrimati Chinta Devi) who always left me free to do what I wanted to do. I was very fortunate to learn many things about life from my grandfather (Late Shri Ghurfekan Yadav). Seeing me as “Dr. Gopal Yadav” was his dream, I think he will be very happy for me wherever he will be now. I thank my maternal uncle and aunty, “Phupha” and “Bua”, and brother in laws who always encouraged me to believe in myself and for their support. I am very fortunate to have bhaiya and bhabhi, Rinki di, Priyanka di, Shaloo, Prity, Sandip, Arvind bhaiya, Santosh bhaiya, Ravi bhaiya, Bunty, Aman, Aditya, Mahesh, Vipul, Pooja, Ranjita di, Anjali, Akriti, Ankita, Shrija, Devansh, Shreya, Shivansh, Tejas in my life. I am very grateful to my school teachers, college/university professors, and all of my gurus in various fields for educating me in various aspects of life. Education can bring changes and what I am today is the perfect example of it. This paper is under CC 4.0 license. available on arxiv

Aspects of Thermal QCD Phenomenology at Intermediate Gauge/'t Hooft Coupling: Acknowledgment 

This paper is under CC 4.0 license. available on arxiv Authors: (1) Shreyash Mishra has an equal contribution from IIIT Sri City, India; (2) S Suryavardan has an equal contribution from IIIT Sri City, India; (3) Megha Chakraborty, University of South Carolina, USA; (4) Parth Patwa, UCLA, USA; (5) Anku Rani, University of South Carolina, USA; (6) Aman Chadha, work does not relate to a position at Amazon from Stanford University, USA, or Amazon AI, USA; (7) Aishwarya Reganti, CMU, USA; (8) Amitava Das, University of South Carolina, USA; (9) Amit Sheth, University of South Carolina, USA; (10) Manoj Chinnakotla, Microsoft, USA; (11) Asif Ekbal, IIT Patna, India; (12) Srijan Kumar, Georgia Tech, USA. Table of Links Abstract & Introduction Related Work Task Details Participating systems Results Conclusion and Future Work and References Abstract Analyzing memes on the internet has emerged as a crucial endeavor due to the impact this multi modal form of content wields in shaping online discourse. Memes have become a powerful tool for expressing emotions and sentiments, possibly even spreading hate and misinformation, through humor and sarcasm. In this paper, we present the overview of the Memotion 3 shared task, as part of the DeFactify 2 workshop at AAAI-23. The task released an annotated dataset of Hindi-English code-mixed memes based on their Sentiment (Task A), Emotion (Task B), and Emotion intensity (Task C). Each of these is defined as an individual task and the participants are ranked separately for each task. Over 50 teams registered for the shared task and 5 made final submissions to the test set of the Memotion 3 dataset. CLIP, BERT modifications, ViT etc. were the most popular models among the participants along with approaches such as Student-Teacher model, Fusion, and Ensembling. The best final F1 score for Task A is 34.41, Task B is 79.77 and Task C is 59.82. Memes, codemixed, multimodal, Hindi-English Keywords 1. Introduction The term meme is derived from the Ancient Greek word mimema, meaning imitated thing, which comes from the verb mimeisthai, meaning to mimic. The term was coined by Richard Dawkins, a British evolutionary biologist, in his book The Selfish Gene [1]. Dawkins used the concept of a meme to explain the spread of cultural phenomena and ideas, drawing parallels between memes and genes. Dawkins provided examples of memes such as melodies, catchphrases, fashion, and arch-building technology in his book. Interestingly, the word meme is a self-describing term, also known as autological, meaning that it is a meme itself. The reach of online content is vast and has the capacity to reach a massive viewership. Memes propagate through multiple mediums including social media, messaging, apps, and emails. An article on memes quotes "When you plant a fertile meme in my mind, you literally, parasitize my brain" [2]. This quote indicates the impact of memes on a viewer’s mind. It spreads to others who find it motivating, offensive, amusing, or relatable in some ways [3]. Memes are used to convey an opinion. When a person comes across a meme that they find relatable, they often share it with others who they think would find relatable. Different people interpret memes differently which means what can be offensive for one person might not be for other. This difference in interpretation is a result of cultural, gender, and demographic differences. The memes can also be used to spread offensive and hateful content [4]. Identifying and halting the dissemination of hateful memes is an arduous undertaking for both human beings and AI models, as it requires comprehending the intricate subtleties and socio-political contexts that form their interpretation. The deficiencies of current hate speech moderation techniques highlight the pressing need to enhance the effectiveness of automated hate speech detection. Given their subtlety and multi-modal nature, memes pose a more challenging issue to address compared to only text. In this paper, we present the findings of the Memotion 3 shared task, where participants were provided with an annotated dataset of 10k memes [5], and were tasked with detecting the sentiment, emotion and emotion intensity of the meme. Unlike the previous iteration of memotion [6, 7] which provided English memes, current iteration studies codemixed HindiEnglish (Hinglish) memes. The paper is organized as follows: we describe the related work and the task in section 2 and 3 respectively; Section 4 contains the details of the dataset we collected for Memotion analysis: Memotion 3.0; followed by a brief description of baseline models and their results in 5. We conclude and mention some possible future works in section 6.

Overview of Memotion 3: Sentiment & Emotion
Analysis of Codemixed Hinglish - Abstract & Introduction

This paper is available on arxiv under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 DEED license. Authors: (1) Dihia LANASRI, OMDENA, New York, USA; (2) Juan OLANO, OMDENA, New York, USA; (3) Sifal KLIOUI, OMDENA, New York, USA; (4) Sin Liang Lee, OMDENA, New York, USA; (5) Lamia SEKKAI, OMDENA, New York, USA. Table of Links Abstract & Introduction Background Related Work Our Methodology Experiments and Results Conclusion, Acknowledgments & References 6 Conclusion The importance of hate speech detection on social networks has encouraged many researchers to build solutions (corpora and classifiers) to detect suspect messages. The literature review shows that most works are interested in text in structured languages like English, French, Arabic, etc. However, few works deal with dialects, mainly the Algerian one, which is known for its complexity and variety. To fill in the gap, we propose in this paper a complete NLP approach to detect hate speech in the Algerian dialect. We built an annotated corpus of more than 13,5K documents, which is used to evaluate various deep learning architectures. The obtained results are very promising, where the most accurate was the DzaraShield . Looking ahead, there is significant potential to enhance inference speed, particularly for the Dziribert-based and multilingual models. While this project primarily focused on Arabic characters, our next step will be to address the dialect when written in Latin characters. Embracing both Arabic and Latin characters will more accurately capture the nuances of the written Algerian dialect. Finally, we plan to expand our corpus size and explore alternative deep-learning architectures. 7 Acknowledgments We would like to thank every person who has contributed to this project: Micha Freidin, Viktor Ivanenko, Piyush Aaryan, Yassine Elboustani, Tasneem Elyamany, Cephars Bonacci, Nolan Wang and Lydia Khelifa Chibout. We would also like to thank Omdena organization for giving us this valuable opportunity References Sean MacAvaney, Hao-Ren Yao, Eugene Yang, Katina Russell, Nazli Goharian, and Ophir Frieder. Hate speech detection: Challenges and solutions. PloS one, 14(8):e0221152, 2019. Mirela P Bogdani, Federico Faloppa, and Xheni Karaj. Beyond definitions. a call for action against hate speech in albania. a comprehensive study november 2021. 2021. JT Nockleby. hate speech in encyclopedia of the american constitution. electronic journal of academic and special librarianship. 2000. Imane Guellil, Ahsan Adeel, Faical Azouaou, Mohamed Boubred, Yousra Houichi, and Akram Abdelhaq Moumna. Ara-women-hate: An annotated corpus dedicated to hate speech detection against women in the arabic community. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Dataset Creation for Lower-Resourced Languages within the 13th Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, pages 68–75, 2022. 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