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There are many types of proxies: datacenter, residential, ISP and so on.  Each type of IP address is used for a different purpose. For example, datacenter IPs are good when you need to bypass a ban, while residential proxies will be great for arbitrage bets. In this article we will talk about mobile proxies. You will find out what their features are, what tasks they are suitable for and where to buy them. So let’s start. What Are They? Mobile proxies are IP addresses from mobile carriers such as Vodafone, O2, AT&T and so on. Mobile proxies together with residential proxies are considered the most reliable. The reason the addresses are reliable from operators is: there are millions of users, and only a few thousand of IP addresses. Therefore, multiple users are assigned to the same IP address. This is beneficial to proxy users, since social media and websites ban such IPs much less often, as blocking one IP will prevent multiple users from accessing resources at once. In mobile proxy there is a constant IP address rotation - IP changes every few minutes depending on tariff and proxy service (5, 10, 30 minutes). How Are They Different From Datacenter Proxies? Server proxies are always static, meaning that they only have one IP address. In the case of mobile IPs, the addresses change at a certain interval. Some pools of server IPs are blacklisted on certain resources. Mobile proxies are nearly impossible to blacklist. If the server IP gets blocked by the anti-fraud system,  it usually bans the entire subnet. Mobile IPs are banned one by one. In addition, mobile addresses are more trustable, as we said above. What are they useful for? Greater trust from web resources and constant IP rotation allows you to perform the following tasks: Bulk account creation. The IP changes every couple of minutes, which is very convenient; Mass-liking and mass-following on Instagram and other social networks. The social network anti-fraud system will identify you as a regular user who's just using the phone. And the main goal is anonymity. Mobile proxies will hide your real IP address, and web resources will not even suspect you of using a proxy, as it can be, for example, with datacenter IP addresses. Please note: to become anonymous, just using a proxy is not enough. You need to hide / change other parameters - WebRTC, for example. To hide normally in 2022, you need to use an anti-detect browser. If you are not a carder or a scammer, setting up a proxy and disabling WebRTC in the browser will be enough. Where to Buy: Top Proxy Services In this list, I’ve collected 16 best proxy services. 1. RSocks 41 countries, 74 cities The number of GEOs: From 1 day Rental Period: 5/10/30 minutes Rotation: AliPay, Bank cards, WMZ, Bitcoin, Ethereum. Payment systems: Yes RSocks.net API: Site: By purchasing mobile proxies from RSocks, you get unlimited 3G/4G/5G data traffic. Technical support service works 24/7, ready to answer at any time. There is a trial period, which is a huge advantage. You don't need to buy a proxy to test it. Take a trial and use it for 1 hour. RSocks also has a referral system: you get from 10% to 20% for purchases made by referred customers. 2. SOAX 100+ The number of GEOs: Monthly subscription Rental Period: From 90 seconds to 5 minutes Rotation: Bank cards, PayPal, WebMoney Payment systems: Yes API: soax.com Site: In Soax, you don't buy proxies individually - you pay for traffic. The GEO selection is impressive, but the price tag is pretty high. Technical support speaks both in English and in Russian. Soax can give out 100 MB proxies for trial but you will have to pay $1.99. For every client you refer, you earn 7% of their purchases. 3. Oxylabs 100+ The number of GEOs: Monthly subscription Rental Period: Per request Rotation: Bank cards Visa/MasterCard, Bank transfers, AliPay, PayPal Payment systems: Yes API: oxylabs.com Site: For you - 20 million mobile IP addresses around the world. Choose any country that suits your purposes. Technical support at Oxylabs works 24/7 - contact them at any time. In addition, an account manager is assigned for you to help resolve issues. If it's offline, the system will connect you with another employee. 4. Bright Data 100+ The number of GEOs: Monthly subscription Rental Period: Per request Rotation: Bank cards, Bank transfers, AliPay, PayPal, Payoneer, American Express Payment systems: Yes API: BrightData.com Site: Former Luminati provides PC software and browser extension. With their help, you can switch between geos, view and disable proxies with one click. Unfortunately, they respond to tickets in a formulaic way, so it's better to contact them on the live chat. There is a trial period of 7 days. During this time, you will have time to evaluate the quality of Bright Data proxies and decide whether they are suitable for you or not. 5. IPBurger 100+ The number of GEOs: Monthly subscription Rental Period: Every 30 minutes Rotation: Bank cards, PayPal, BTC Payment systems: Yes IPBurger.com API: SIte: 9.3 million - that's how many 4G/5G mobile IPs IPBurger has. Geos from all over the world are available for you. Buy the one that best suits you. You have to wait a long time for a response from technical support. Support is busy - this is the message that pops up in the livechat window. At the same time, you need to indicate the reason why you contact support, why you choose a proxy, etc. All this takes time, it is easier to find all the information yourself. 6. HydraProxy 100+ The number of GEOs: 1/2/7/30 days Rental Periods: Every 30 minutes Rotation: Bank cards, Crypto BTC, ETH, LTC, XLM, XRP, BAT, MKR, DAI, PAX, USD-T, USD-C. Payment systems: Yes API: HydraProxy.com Site: HydraProxy is a budget-friendly service. The prices here start from $2.95 per port. Proxy service offers proxies of America. The range includes absolutely all the states. Choose any that you need. Hydraproxy refunds within 24 hours of purchase. The proxy rotation happens every 30 minutes, but you can set your own interval. 7. LTESocks 8 The number of GEOs: day/week/month Rental Periods: Per request Rotation: Bank cards, payments to Privatbank or Monobank cards, SEPA/IPAN transactions in euro, any crypto Payment systems: Yes LTESocks.io API: Site: LTESocks adds new geos to its assortment every month. Support is online 24/7 and responds within minutes. Questions are read carefully. A huge plus of the service is the ability to pay for proxies with any crypto. But the proxies are not activated immediately - only from 9.00 to 22.00 on any day. If you paid during non-working hours, the proxies will appear in your account as soon as the working day starts. 8. AstroProxy 12 The number of GEOs: : From 1 day Rental Period : Automatic or per request Rotation Bank cards, YouMoney, Perfect Money, AdvCash, Dash, ZCash, Qiwi Payment systems: Yes API: AstroProxy.com Site: In AstroProxy, you pay for data. How much you spend, so much you pay. Thanks to this payment model, you decide when and how much to use a proxy. You can use all the data traffic in a day, or you can use it in a month. However, there is a drawback in AstroProxy - support does not work 24/7, so you have to wait until the morning if questions arise at night. 9. ProxyGuys 26 cities of the US The number of GEOs: day/week/month Rental Periods: By timer or per request Rotation: Bank card, Amex, Discover, BTC, LTC, ETH, BCH, USD Payment systems: Yes API: ProxyGuys.com Site: ProxyGuys offers mobile 5G proxies of the United States. The service offers a package both with several cities and with one. The arsenal of the service includes 26 cities of America - buy any that you want. ProxyGuys offers a 25% discount to those who buy mobile IPs in bulk. ProxyGuys also offers a free plugin for Chrome and Mozilla to switch between IP addresses of this service in one click. 10. Proxy-Cheap 11 The number of GEOs: Month Rental period: From 1 minute to 1440 depending on the GEO Rotation: Bank transfers, Visa/MasterCard cards, BTC Payment systems: Yes API: Proxy-Cheap.com Site: From Proxy-Cheap, you can purchase proxies of the United States and Europe. But there is a nuance: locations are either there or not. For example, there is a location, Lithuania, and a month later it's gone. The service offers to test the IP address for an hour to determine whether the Proxy-Cheap IP suits you or not. There is no refund in the service. 11. One Dash Proxy 10+ The number of GEOs: From 3 days Rental period: By timer or per request Rotation: Robokassa, Unitpay, Tinkoff, CloudPayments, Coinbase, Cryptonator Payment systems: Yes API: Proxy-OneDash.com Site: OneDash Proxy offers mobile IP addresses from Europe, as well as Russia, Kazakhstan and Ukraine. Technical support, although working 24/7, responds pretty slowly - within an hour. There is no maximum proxy rental period - choose the required number of days yourself. 12. Proxy-Seller 7 The number of GEOs: From 1 week Rental period: From 5 to 30 minutes depending on the location Rotation: BitCoin, MTS, Beeline, Privat24, WebMoney, Qiwi, Bank cards, Sberbank Online, Alpha click, PerfectMoney и YouMoney Payment systems: Yes API: Proxy-Seller.com Site: Proxy-seller offers proxies for periods ranging from 1 week to a year. This is very convenient, especially if you need a proxy for a couple of days. But there is also an unpleasant moment: you immediately buy a proxy, there is no test period, however the service makes a refund within 24 hours after the purchase. The proxy is also replaced with another one if there are any problems with the current IP. 13. Frigate Proxy 6 The number of GEOs: From 4 hours to 30 days Rental period: Per request or every 4 minutes Rotation: Bank cards, YouMoney, QIWI, WMR, WMZ, LiteCoin, Bitcoin, Fk Wallet Payment systems: Yes API: Frigate-Proxy.ru/en Site: The service provides elite and shared mobile proxies. Elite are divided into: private. Access is open to all sites, one user per modem; semi-private. Access is only to a specific social network / platform. There are several users per modem. Online support on weekdays from 6.00 to 23.00 UTC and from 7.00 to 21.00 UTC on weekends. This is not always convenient, because if the issue arises at night, you will have to wait for the morning. Technical support answers quickly, but does not always read questions carefully. For purchases of referred customers, you get 10% forever. 14. Coronium 3 The number of GEOs: day/week/month Rental periods: By timer or per request Rotation: BTC, Visa/MasterCard bank cards Payment systems: Yes API: Coronium.io Site: Coronium.io offers 4G/LTE proxies. There are only three countries in the assortment: the United States, Lithuania and the UK. The support works 24/7, so all issues can be resolved at any time of the day or night. Coronium.io offers not only a one-time payment, but also a subscription. Pay monthly for the proxies that you use. 15. AirProxy 1 The number of GEOs: Month Rental period: Per request Rotation: Bank card, Bank transfers, crypto Payment systems: Yes API: AirProxy.io Site: AirProxy provides premium LTE/4G proxies. The service issues a test IP for 72 hours for 9.90 €. This is an Italian company, so all proxy servers are in Italy. This narrows the user base of the service, so only explore AirProxy if you need Italian mobile proxies. The crypto payment method is available after the first payment with a bank card or bank transfer. 16. The Social Proxy 5 The number of GEOs: Month Rental period: By timer Rotation: Bank card, PayPal, American Express Payment systems: Yes API: TheSocialProxy.com Site: It is up to you to decide how often the IP address will change. The service provides a trial for 24 hours - try mobile 4G proxies from The Social Proxy and see if they are suitable or not. The seller offers quite high prices for a proxy - 90 euros per month. You can use up to 5 proxies per day and change the region no more than twice a month. How to create your own mobile proxies? You can buy mobile proxies, or you can create your own. It is available to every user, it is not necessary to have any super skills. Using the Mobinet service, this can be done in several steps: Download and install the app. In the user panel on the website you can find the Add Device button and enter a six-digit code. In the My proxies section, click Add proxy. Specify the necessary parameters: destination, device, traffic limit, lifetime of the IP address. Technical requirements: OS - Android 8 and above, SIM card with mobile Internet. Mobinet is a service that Internet users use to create mobile proxies. Mobile IP addresses are generated both with and without rotation. An unlimited number of proxies can be configured on one device: it all depends on the performance of the phone. Mobinet technical support works 24/7 - ask questions at any time if you have any. Conclusion Now you know about the benefits of mobile proxies over server ones. Our rating will help you decide on a quality supplier right away, rather than sorting through ten sellers and not wasting your time. Choose the proxy service that suits you best and test its IP addresses. Try Mobinet if you want to set up your own mobile proxies instead of using someone else's. Disclosure : This story was submitted to HackerNoon by an independent contributor. Hence the information contained therein has also been researched and compiled independently.

Mobile Proxies: What Are They, When're They Needed, and Where to Buy Them

Mobile proxies are in high demand due to their unique IP addresses which are used by everyday users on their mobile phones/hotspots. This makes using these IP’s for managing accounts such as Instagram, Facebook, Google, etc. much better. There are other options such as datacenter and residential proxy providers but what tends to happen is the datacenter IP’s get used and abused and eventually banned by many websites. Residential IP’s seem to come in a few different methods ranging from static to dynamic and home to business. They are often acquired (used) by residential proxy providers who have managed to get their software installed on mobile devices or computers and the TOS have allowed them to gain access to these IP’s. When it comes to mobile proxies we tend to see much different access. The route goes through a real cellular modem and ISP. I have much experience in the world of mobile (4G/LTE) IP proxy providers and have found some of the best services out there. Here is my list of top-notch providers for 2021: 1. ProxyGuys . The service was really surprising to me and took the first place and still is my personal favorite for 2021 ProxyGuys seems to have done things right and when I say that I mean it. Whatever IP address I get access to by connecting to one of their many USA locations (25 as of Feb 2021) I am immediately surprised at the high quality of the IP. When I check the IP on many different IP checker sites I see that it is never on blacklists. The connections are very fast, sometimes upwards of 60mb speeds. Some of the features I’d like to point out are the ability to do custom IP rotation. You can choose a time as to when you want to IP to change or leave it to none and manually control when the IP address changes. The portal to manage the proxies is very easy to use. There is also a full API set to manage this and other features such as changing locations and modem resets. Can you believe they provide unlimited bandwidth? Another impressive feature is the which allow you to change locations and IP without having to go back to portal page every time. Firefox and Chrome extensions 2. Airproxy Airproxy was my number 2 pick because they are similar to ProxyGuys that they also give you unlimited bandwidth. Airproxy seems to be very transparent about their setup to let you know what they are doing. Check out this video : https://vimeo.com/414328430 Airproxy IP’s come from different cities in and are high quality. However they block most of the internet except social media sites such as Instagram, Facebook and yes you can still get to Google. Italy They claim on their website you can manage 8–10 Instagram accounts on 1 proxy. I haven’t tested this theory as I don’t really use mobile proxies for Instagram. You can check out more info on their . FAQ page 3. Lumaniti Lumaniti is one of the leading proxy networks out there and yes they do have lots of mobile IP’s available. However as with the first 2 providers they do not give you unlimited bandwidth. When you order mobile from Lumaniti you choose to pay around $30/gb on the high level and the more you buy the cheaper it gets. When I use proxies I tend to use a lot of bandwidth so they can be quite expensive. They do have a neat little pricing calculator to help make your decision. The proxy panel you get after subscribing allows you to choose you locations and yes they have locations all over the world which is why they are one of the leading providers and why they made the top 5 list. 4. DSL Rentals DSL Rentals has been around a long time and changed their offerings a few different times. They do offer DSL modem connections but have also started getting into the mobile (cellular) market in the past year. They are another mobile proxy provider that does offer unlimited bandwidth as well. When you sign up they give you a and then you log into a proxy panel which gives you the ability to make your selection of which location you want. I counted about 9 different USA locations and each having 1 to 10 modems available at any given time. They have the top rated USA cellular providers. “key” If you don’t really need a mobile proxy then you can choose between DSL and 4G mobile carriers. The speeds I was getting on the DSL were around 4–5mb and the 4G was between 10–15mb so they are not unbearable. 5. 3GProxy 3GProxy claims they have real SIM cards in 40 countries and over 130 cellular providers. I mentioned in my preface to this list that some proxy providers embed a way to get connections via software people install and don’t know they are sharing their internet. I am not sure if 3GProxy does this same type of thing or not. They do have a nice interface dashboard where you choose the location and the carrier. They have a reservation system as well which kind of tells me that maybe they do own all their SIM cards in all these phones/devices. Another unique thing they offer is SMS text messaging which allows you to use the phone numbers attached to the devices to get account verification codes. I didn’t test this feature out as I wasn’t creating any accounts while testing. Their speeds range from 1mb to 20mb in most locations. Conclusion Thank you for coming along for this top 5 mobile proxy providers list. I hope that after reading this you can make a decision on which mobile proxy provider is going to work for your needs. Please feel free to follow me on . Twitter Also published at https://mdntblu.medium.com/top-5-mobile-proxy-providers-bc9afce601ed

The 5 Best Mobile Proxy Service Providers

In this article, I’m going to demonstrate performance differences between two ways of iterating over the records in a MySQL database table with millions of records. In a high volume analytics system, tables with millions of records are quite common and iterating over the full table or a subset of these tables becomes often necessary — whether it’s to perform computations, run a migration, or create parallelized background jobs on the records. At , we have many database tables with 100s of millions of records, and it becomes important to write efficient code for iterations because there is often an order of magnitude difference between a good and not-so-good approach. AirPR Find Each Method The standard approach provided natively by ActiveRecord is the method. find_each For the purposes of this exercise, I created an table to which I added about 5 million rows of data¹. employees There is also a table with the following columns that stores the salaries of those employees across different time ranges. This table contains about 3 million records. salaries Let us measure the performance of iterating through this table using find_each DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE = 1000 time = Benchmark.realtime doEmployee.select(:emp_no, :first_name, :last_name).find_each(batch_size: DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE) do |employee|endend => 100.6963519999990 The underlying queries that ActiveRecord makes look like this: Employee Load (2.1ms)  SELECT  `employees`.`emp_no`, `employees`.`first_name`, `employees`.`last_name` FROM `employees`  ORDER BY `employees`.`emp_no` ASC LIMIT 1000Employee Load (1.9ms)  SELECT  `employees`.`emp_no`, `employees`.`first_name`, `employees`.`last_name` FROM `employees` WHERE (`employees`.`emp_no` > 11000)  ORDER BY `employees`.`emp_no` ASC LIMIT 1000Employee Load (1.8ms)  SELECT  `employees`.`emp_no`, `employees`.`first_name`, `employees`.`last_name` FROM `employees` WHERE (`employees`.`emp_no` > 12000)  ORDER BY `employees`.`emp_no` ASC LIMIT 1000 ... Employee Load (1.3ms)  SELECT  `employees`.`emp_no`, `employees`.`first_name`, `employees`.`last_name` FROM `employees` WHERE (`employees`.`emp_no` > 5127997)  ORDER BY `employees`.`emp_no` ASC LIMIT 1000 Notice how ActiveRecord keeps track of the from the previous iteration and uses it in a where condition in the next one. This is called value based pagination and is generally the preferred approach for pagination (over other methods like offset based pagination)². id ID Iterator Method I propose we try a different iterating technique now: time = Benchmark.realtime dofirst_id = Employee.first.idlast_id = Employee.last.id(first_id..last_id).step(DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE).each do |value| Employee.where('employees.emp\_no >= ?', value).  
     where('employees.emp\_no < ?', value + DEFAULT\_BATCH\_SIZE).  
     order('employees.emp\_no ASC').  
     select(:emp\_no, :first\_name, :last\_name).each do |employee|  
end endend => 101.34066200000234 In this method, we divvy up the total number of rows into batches using conditions on the primary key to iterate through all the records in the table. Notice how the performance is practically the same between the two methods. This is how the underlying queries look: where Employee Load (1.1ms)  SELECT  `employees`.* FROM `employees`  ORDER BY `employees`.`emp_no` ASC LIMIT 1Employee Load (1.1ms)  SELECT  `employees`.* FROM `employees`  ORDER BY `employees`.`emp_no` DESC LIMIT 1Employee Load (1.5ms)  SELECT `employees`.`emp_no`, `employees`.`first_name`, `employees`.`last_name` FROM `employees` WHERE (employees.emp_no > 10001) AND (employees.emp_no <= 11001)Employee Load (1.9ms)  SELECT `employees`.`emp_no`, `employees`.`first_name`, `employees`.`last_name` FROM `employees` WHERE (employees.emp_no > 11001) AND (employees.emp_no <= 12001) ... Employee Load (1.8ms)  SELECT `employees`.`emp_no`, `employees`.`first_name`, `employees`.`last_name` FROM `employees` WHERE (employees.emp_no >= 5128001) AND (employees.emp_no < 5129001) This approach works best if the ids are in order because the iteration wouldn’t have to iterate & skip a lot of missing records in that case³. Iterating with joins Now, let’s compare performance of these two methods when we add some more complexity to the query. In this new scenario, say, we want to iterate through all employees whose salary was above 80,000 at any point during their employment with the company. The method would look something like this: find_each time = Benchmark.realtime doEmployee.select(:emp_no, :first_name, :last_name).joins(:salaries).where('salary > 80000').find_each(batch_size: DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE) do |employee|endend => 1181.770457000006 On the other hand, the id iterator method for performing the same operation results in an order of magnitude improvement in performance. time = Benchmark.realtime do first_id = Employee.first.idlast_id = Employee.last.id (first_id..last_id).step(DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE).each do |value|Employee.where('employees.emp_no >= ?', value).where('employees.emp_no < ?', value + DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE).joins(:salaries).where('salary > 80000').order('employees.emp_no ASC').select(:emp_no, :first_name, :last_name).each do |employee|endend end => 72.75677799998084 The above results indicate that using the approach results in a much worse performance⁴. The ID iterator approach is about 15x faster than naive . The reason for this becomes clear when you inspect the queries that are made by the two approaches. find_each find_each The method makes this type of query: find_each SELECT  `employees`.`emp_no`, `employees`.`first_name`, `employees`.`last_name` FROM `employees` INNER JOIN `salaries` ON `salaries`.`emp_no` = `employees`.`emp_no` WHERE (salary > 80000)  ORDER BY `employees`.`emp_no` ASC LIMIT 1000 An EXPLAIN on this query reveals the following: 1 SIMPLE salaries ALL salary,emp_no NULL NULL NULL 2837536 1 SIMPLE employees eq_ref PRIMARY PRIMARY 4 employees.salaries.emp_no 1 Using index Using where; Using temporary; Using filesort which indicates that neither the index on salary nor the index on emp_no is being used to filter the salaries table. The id iterator method makes this type of query: SELECT An EXPLAIN on this query shows that the query optimizer uses the index on emp_no in the salaries table: 1 SIMPLE salaries range salary,emp_no emp_no 4 NULL 1 1 SIMPLE employees eq_ref PRIMARY PRIMARY 4 employees.salaries.emp_no 1 Using index Using index condition; Using where which reveals why the method is so much slower than the iterator method. find_each TL;DR The lesson here is always use EXPLAINs to understand what the MySQL query optimizer actually does so that you can create the most optimized queries⁵. Based on analyzing the results of the EXPLAIN, a decision can be made on which approach needs to be taken for iterations on large tables. JOINs on large tables usually results in poor performance, so it’s best to avoid them. Try to use JOINs only when the result set has been narrowed down significantly through the use of an index based condition on one of the tables. Try to make the best use of indices for queries in general. Use queries that results in the MySQL query optimizer choosing to use indices that are available in the table. Add indices to the table that may help speed up queries while understanding the trade-offs in terms of write performance degradation⁶. Avoid running select *, instead select only the columns that are necessary for your operation. This will reduce the amount of data that needs to be sent especially when there are many TEXT columns in the table. The query optimizer might take different paths depending on a variety of factors, the same query might take a different path on a server with larger resources because, say, an index might fit into the memory. This will result in drastic differences in performances. It is best to assume the worst in these situations and write queries that don’t rely on large indices to be kept in memory. The easiest way to see the queries that ActiveRecord generates would be to turn on DEBUG logging. It is recommended to turn this on in development so you can catch performance issues early. ActiveRecord::Base.logger = Logger.new(STDOUT) Alternatively, you can use on an to see beforehand what query it’s going to make. to_sql ActiveRecord::Relation Employee.where(“gender = ‘M’”).to_sql ¹ I started out from sample dataset, and deleted everything but the and table. And then I duplicated records in the table to reach 5 million rows. this employees salaries employees ² link has a good comparison of the Value based vs Offset based pagination. This ³ If option is turned on for the primary key, the records are automatically in incremental order. AUTO_INCREMENT ⁴ The performance degrades even more on larger tables. When you reach 100s of millions of rows, it becomes even more important to understand the underlying queries because it might result in . 100x or 1000x difference ⁵ Take the time to read (and master) the on EXPLAIN output format, so its clear what’s good and what’s not good. official MySQL documentation ⁶ has a good description on the performance impact of creating indices. It’s important to understand that writes on a table with a lot of indices will be slower, so use them wisely. This link

ActiveRecord on MySQL— Iterating over large tables with conditions

How blockchain can mobilize a community to provide Internet for each other and create a new sharing economy My goal and dream for the past few years has been to replace Internet Service Providers (ISPs) through the power of the community. So I set out a personal and professional journey to start which stands for the OISP, Open Internet Socialization Project. I thought I was being clever with an initialism like that, but then I started saying it out loud in conversation. Even so, I can’t think of a more concise set of words to describe what my team and I are trying to do. The core principle is simple: Members of a community own the means for delivering Internet to each other. They also profit from that delivery. This is what I mean by Socialization. Shared costs, but also shared profits. We, the community, share in the cost and effort of being our own ISP together. We also share in the profit of that communal utility. What does this look like? Instead of paying ISPs, you pay your neighbor for offering Internet access to you. Money stays in the community and Internet ends up being much cheaper. Before we dive into the details, let’s ask an important question. Do we really need to change the way we get Internet? The Future of Communication Comic by Milt Priggee . We paid for the infrastructure that ISPs use and we still find ourselves with some of the slowest Internet in the developed world. On top of that, we don’t even pay a fair price for it. Over the last 25 years, American taxpayers have paid $400 billion ($5000 per household) to make sure that we get Internet . ISPs own that infrastructure that we, the taxpayers, paid for, and yet they reap exorbitant rewards. Now that they own the infrastructure and are billion dollar corporations, they lobby to weaken net neutrality even though the population is overwhelmingly for a free and open Internet. Again, all of this is to privatize profits at the expense of the taxpayer. This ends up being an example of socialized costs and privatized profits I think it’s important to remind ourselves that this is the future of the Internet we’re talking about. We’ve had the ability to communicate with anyone on Earth in a matter of milliseconds for all of 0.5% of human civilization. Right now we are at the crossroads where the future of how humans will learn, connect, feel, and create a living will be decided. What if any aspect of that goes against the bottom line of the ISPs? Can we count on them to look after our digital liberties when they have a fiduciary responsibility to maximize profit? That’s a lot of trust to put in corporation. any Suppose ISPs go the way of maximizing profit. If customers don’t like ISPs throttling their connection, or selling their browser history, then surely they can shape the industry by taking that money elsewhere, right? This is the hallmark of a free market and how consumers hold industries accountable — with their wallet. Internet access is considered a human right, so it would be unreasonable to go without it. That leaves taking your money to a competitor. But what if competition is limited? The power of our cumulative wallets that we’re supposed to have is worthless if we can’t take our money elsewhere. If customers can’t take their money elsewhere, then that accountability is gone. When the future of communication is at stake, accountability shouldn’t be a ridiculous thing to ask for. Unless we do something differently, it’s fair to say that our power is limited. After all, ISPs have a lot of money, competition is limited, and they own the infrastructure. This all sounds incredibly bleak, but there’s a curious route for defiance rooted in a simple question: Who says ISPs have to own the infrastructure? Can we come together with the technology we have today to deliver Internet to each other so we don’t need them? These are the questions OISP aims to address, and we’re starting with communities. What and How The team at OISP is working on a network we call . This network consists of people in a town or city acting as nodes in a wireless grid to help deliver data to each other. Andrena Andrena can be summed up in four points: Users own all the wireless hardware necessary to form a large network Management of the entire system occurs on a public blockchain All users seamlessly transact with each other on the blockchain directly, meaning the network can function without our company Wholesale Internet prices are brought to the consumer. Any margin is divided among community members who help contribute to the network. Let’s expand on these points to see what shared infrastructure looks like. Wireless Hardware as Infrastructure When thinking about Andrena and the infrastructure/hardware you can imagine something like your wireless home router on steroids. It still provides a hotspot at home, but it’s also designed to interconnect with other users that have their own hardware. This is what we mean by . If you’re connected to your neighbor and he’s one step closer to Google.com than you are, he’ll deliver that data to your devices. delivering Internet to each other In the process of getting Andrena setup in a community, it makes sense to minimize the amount of hardware needed. It’s ideal if this network can service everyone while minimizing the amount of money people need to spend on extra hardware. If your laptop or phone is under your neighbor’s coverage, then you don’t need anything extra at home. How much new infrastructure/hardware is needed depends entirely on population density and geography. If an apartment landlord is part of the Andrena network, then a single hotspot can cover all of her tenants and they don’t need anything extra. It’s important to note that her tenants don’t to the infrastructure — they use it. contribute From here on out we’re going to be focusing on the people that contribute to the infrastructure: the contributors. Any two contributors (think you and a neighbor’s house at the end of the street, or two nearby apartment owners) in the network can connect as long as they have pairwise hardware that can talk. Whether it’s airMAX, airFiber, MikroTik, Mimosa, etc., Andrena is agnostic to these devices. When choosing, our organization helps facilitate this process depending on how active a contributor wants to be. And if you’re a contributor actively giving Internet access to others, it makes sense to be rewarded for it. Following the previous example, a landlord who wants to provide Internet to her tenants can spend $1000 upfront on hardware. Her tenants can join her wireless network (without any extra hardware) and pay her directly for the data they consume. This approach offers for the landlord and can save her tenants thousands on home Internet costs. residual income Meanwhile, someone with a well-placed corner apartment can invest $100 on hardware and end up paying $0 per month on an Internet bill because of the offset from providing Internet to others. . We can also see that the infrastructure is decentralized. It’s not owned by one company, but rather the users. These examples show how someone can contribute to the network with their hardware and get rewarded for doing so More for the Local Economy In the examples just mentioned we pay each other for sharing out Internet. This is the sharing economy model, also known as collaborative consumption. Think Uber, Airbnb, etc., applied to Internet use. In this sharing economy the underlying utility is owned by the users. In ride sharing, users own the cars. In our model, the infrastructure to deliver Internet to your neighbor is owned by the community. Our goal with Andrena and this user-owned network is to create a new sector of the local economy. Food, transportation, etc., are all a part of the local economy, so why not put Internet into that mix? This comes with a layer of complexity because not everyone knows about or has the time to configure networks. Our focus is on eliminating that complexity so that money can flow in the sharing economy. Any average consumer should be able to seamlessly integrate, without knowing about the technicalities, and get rewarded for contributing. . By making it easy for anyone to contribute, we aim to create the ideal conditions where competition increases quality and drives prices down If one local cab company takes the long route every time and charges you a high price, you can go with a different one. Similarly, if one node in the network is demanding excessive rates or isn’t delivering on his share of data through , it should be easy for another one to compete with lower prices and dedicated data. oversubscription This approach brings competition back into the mix and gives power back to your wallets. The best part about this sharing economy is that We’re talking about more money for local residents, property owners, and small businesses, all of whom are much more likely to spend that money in their local economy. All of that money we spend on our Internet bill with ISPs, does it ever get used to buy coffee at a local shop, or groceries at a local grocer? it takes the profits that ISPs siphon out of a local economy and pumps it back in. Everything I’ve described in this section is centered around . The more you contribute, the more you get rewarded. If you want to rip off your neighbor, tread carefully because he could easily replace you. We have to remember that we’re facing off against some of the largest titans in any industry. If the community is to beat the ISPs, we have to be fair to each other. fairness Blockchain at the Core Fairness comes at a price, and that’s trust. If you can’t trust the quality of service you’re getting, or the price you’re being charged, then it’s not really a fair system. It’d be ideal if you didn’t have to trust your neighbor at all to still be able to organize with him to form this network. The technology that is at the core of the Andrena network needs to be one that can operate trust. without Andrena uses blockchain — the same technology that powers Bitcoin and Ethereum — at its core to ensure fairness without trust . It allows Andrena networks to form and organize, without a central authority (like ISPs) and that’s an important point for us. “Distributed ledgers are systems that enable parties who don’t fully trust each other to form and maintain consensus about the existence, status, and evolution of a set of shared facts” — Richard Gendal Brown is a type of distributed ledger, and it fits perfectly for creating a network in a community. This network has to coordinate a lot of information (networking, financial, etc.), and everyone needs to agree on the current state of the network. As stated, users shouldn’t have to trust each other to organize together, and blockchain solves that problem. Blockchain Additionally, OISP wants the Andrena network to be something that can endure. If our company falters, how can communities all over the world still provide Internet for each other? What if a community wants to come together to organize their own network and enrich their economy without us? If we are the central authority of all these networks, we can’t give an adequate answer. As a company, we have to relinquish power. We can’t just be a replacement to the ISPs. At a very fundamental level, we have to give power back to our users so that we can do things differently. The needs to be decentralized, just like the infrastructure, and that’s where blockchain shines technology A lot of our articles in the future will be dedicated to the specifics of how blockchain works on Andrena, as there’s a lot of details to explore. One of the biggest areas is its use as a practical medium for financially backed collaborative consumption. OISP has a commitment to open sourcing the code needed to run this network, along with the code needed to maintain the sharing economy. An open source commitment combined with blockchain gives our users a very interesting promise: If we become just as bad as the ISPs that you hate today, you’ll be able to come together to replace us, and you’ll have the technology to do so. More About Nodes and Users Everything above is the gist of Andrena: users own wireless hardware to deliver Internet to each other, and it’s backed by a sharing economy that runs on blockchain. Still, there’s a lot of details left out, and here are some of the quick hits. Gateways Some nodes in the network will be gateways to the greater Internet. These are users (or us) that maintain connections to wholesale Internet providers. The price of Internet at this level is much cheaper than what we pay for today via ISPs. much Some Internet sharing models out there rely on using existing consumer ISPs as the gateway. That won’t work here because selling that data is against the terms of service. Installations Wireless devices can be installed on roofs, on windows, or completely out of Line of Sight(LoS). Smaller devices come with window and wall mounts, whereas the larger devices (largest being about 4 feet) are best put on roofs with non penetrating roof mounts. Throughput Verification To verify that nodes are providing their agreed amount of bandwidth a decentralized technique is still needed. We will explore this in much more detail in the coming articles. Security Since we are assuming nodes don’t fully trust each other, we have to account for snooping. While HTTPS solves this issue, users have the option of creating an encrypted tunnel between their devices and the gateway nodes (or even further upstream), ensuring that no one in the middle can see any plaintext traffic. About Andrena The Company Feel free to stop reading here if you’re only curious about the details of Andrena as a wireless network. Beta My team and I are in the process of deploying an Andrena beta in Princeton, NJ. I know, not really an area that needs low cost Internet. Nevertheless, we are targeting all of the low income areas in our first round of deployment. We hope that a successful round of deployment will allow us to branch out to other areas including Trenton, New Brunswick, Hoboken, and Brooklyn. The No Skim Promise The margins between what the consumer pays and what the gateway pays for wholesale Internet are strictly divided among the users in the system. Andrena’s business model doesn’t include making money by skimming from the top of every transaction. Geospatial Insights A simple example of LoS(Line of Sight) calculations in action Our company also focuses on strategic deployment. To give a tangible example, we use satellite data to determine LoS quality between a new user’s location and other nodes in the network. This saves a lot of time when it comes to deploying since you don’t need someone to show up at your house and test the signal. It also allows us to run simulations on new communities to determine which areas fit best. Movers and Shakers There are a lot of titans with brilliant solutions in the space Andrena finds itself in. We draw inspiration from them in varying capacities and would like to mention them. — A large scale community powered network in Spain with 33,000 nodes, showing that something similar can be done in the U.S. guifi.net — One of the first city-wide meshes that was implemented in Cambridge. This article isn’t complete without paying them homage. Roofnet n — Pushing the true vision of achieving an Internet powered by everyone’s mobile devices. The ultimate solution in the making. Open Garde — An excellent mesh solution using the B.A.T.M.A.N protocol, showing just what you can do with . Open Mesh OpenWrt — Offers some of the best wireless hardware out there. A lot of our network uses Ubiquiti devices. Their airPrism technology is a game changer as crowding becomes a concern in the ISM band. Ubiquiti — Wireless hardware with extensive low-level and CLI documentation. Their products make our solutions very customizable. MikroTik

Decentralized Internet on Blockchain

Last week, successfully alongside with and as Providers, making it the fifth Layer 2 (L2) network and the first zk-rollup solution to be integrated into Rubic's ecosystem amongst 40+ other networks! Rubic.exchange integrated zkSync Era Symbiosis Multichain https://twitter.com/CryptoRubic/status/1644686232792842240?s=20&embedable=true Airdrops are on fire these days! With projects like , , and other big players offering generous airdrops, they have certainly caught the attention of many in the crypto community. One particular airdrop that has started to make waves for some time now is the airdrop. about the potential opportunities that could arise from zkSync, and it's definitely something worth exploring. Aptos Arbitrum zkSync People have been buzzing Disclaimer: This Article Does Not Provide Financial Advice and is for Educational Purposes Only. Please Conduct Your Own Research. Understanding zkSync built by for scalable, low-cost payments on , powered by . It offers low gas fees, high security and speeds, censorship resistance, and seamless asset transfers. zkSync is a trustless protocol Matter Labs Ethereum zk-rollup technology Unlike zkSync Lite, zkSync Era aims to achieve nearly full Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) compatibility in its zk-friendly custom virtual machine. One of the remarkable features of zkSync Era is its implementation of the standard Web3 API, which enables developers to seamlessly interact with the platform using familiar tools and methodologies. Additionally, zkSync Era preserves key EVM features, such as smart contract composability, which allows for seamless integration with existing Ethereum-based applications. zkSync, a in the crypto space, has raised over $450 million from notable investors like a16z, Dragonfly, and Lightspeed. heavily-backed project For those interested in Layer 2 scaling solutions and zk-rollups, you can read more about them in dedicated to exploring these innovative technologies. The integration of zkSync Era into Rubic.exchange opens up new possibilities for users to swap across zkSyncEra and other 20+ EVM networks supported by Rubic. our previous article If you hit it or missed with the $ARB airdrop, then zkSync could be your next big airdrop opportunity. In this guide, we will cover everything you need to know about the zkSync ecosystem. Reasons to Believe in the zkSync Airdrop Let’s explore the roadmap followed by zkSync Era, drawing parallels from Arbitrum's early days, and discuss the potential benefits of token incentives for increasing network traction, volume, hype, and awareness. There are strong reasons to believe that zkSync may offer an airdrop in the future. The Layer 2 space in the crypto industry is highly competitive, with each new project vying for a share of the market. Token incentives have proven to be an effective way to attract users and generate network traction, volume, hype, and awareness. Fortunately, zkSync Era has the advantage of being able to assess the effectiveness of airdrops strategies from other projects like and . By learning from their successes and failures, zkSync Era can optimize their own token launch tactics. Optimism Arbitrum Regarding the zkSync token, Matter Labs’ CEO Alex Gluchowski stated that " ." He added that "the team is focused on today's launch and further development of the protocol" and that "a token only comes into play with decentralizing the network." However, their roadmap explicitly mentioned tokenomics at some point, so it’s clear that such a token can be forthcoming. there are no plans to launch a token for now Alex Gluchowski expects the sequencer to be decentralized in around a year's time, which could be a potential timeframe for a token launch, following a similar roadmap as Arbitrum. Arbitrum’s roadmap also had a focus on development, attracting developers and users, while eventually launching a token once the network gains more traction and hype. If the zkSync token does launch in approximately 12 months, there may still be ample time to qualify for a potential airdrop. zkSync Era Ecosystem: Potential Airdrop Opportunities We have thoroughly analyzed the zkSync Era ecosystem and its live projects, and have discovered some universal steps to qualify for the potential future airdrops as such. To discover projects that are currently active on zkSync Era, check or . They provide an easy way to determine which applications are live on zkSync. zkSync Ecosystem hub DefiLlama However, because zkSync Era was launched just recently, on March 24th, 2023, there is only a limited number of applications that are live, primarily consisting of bridges (and still doesn’t list all of them to date - for example, ). By the way, we’ve recently applied to be included in the ecosystem hub with our project, too. Meet Rubic there soon! https://app.symbiosis.finance/ In order to start with zkSync, you will require the following: A wallet: With zkSyncEra, you can use any EVM-compatible wallet, such as or , which are friendly to both zkSync versions. MetaMask Argent https://era.zksync.io/docs/dev/fundamentals/interacting.html#connecting-to-zksync-era-on-metamask Starter ETH: Similar to needing ETH for gas on Ethereum, you will also need ETH to cover transaction fees on zkSync. If you already have ETH on Ethereum, you can transfer some to zkSync at . https://app.rubic.exchange/?fromChain=ETH&toChain=ZK_SYNC&from=ETH&to=ETH To potentially qualify for a zkSync airdrop on the zkSync Era Mainnet, these are the steps being referred to: Bridge funds to zkSync using the official zkSync bridge . You will need $ETH on the Ethereum network to bridge funds across. Using other live bridges to zkSyncEra may also qualify. http://bridge.zksync.io Use . Users can swap between $ETH and $USDC and provide liquidity into their pools. SyncSwap Use , which is planned to be integrated into , too. For example, users can swap from $ETH into a token of their choice and provide liquidity into their pools. mute.io Rubic Mint and buy, or list, an NFT on MintSquareNFT by going to . http://mintsquare.io Create a zkSync domain by going to . Users can enter their desired domain name and register for a .zk domain. http://app.zkns.domains Use the lending platform, bridge your $ETH to the Mainnet and back. Orbiter Finance Complete the zkSync crew3 tasks. You can view the questboard here: . http://crew3.xyz/c/zksync/questboard Donate to zkSync projects on . In addition to the previously mentioned steps, you could consider taking advantage of additional opportunities or strategies to further boost your eligibility for a potential airdrop Gitcoin Comparing Airdrop Requirements for zkSync and Arbitrum: A Closer Look We can potentially extract valuable insights from the airdrop requirements of the Arbitrum Airdrop to ensure that we cover all the necessary tasks. Here is the complete list of requirements for the latest $ARB airdrop: Bridged funds into Arbitrum One Conducted transactions during 2, 6, or 9 distinct months Conducted more than 4, 10, 25, or 100 transactions or interacted with more than 4, 10, 25, or 100 different smart contracts Conducted transactions exceeding in the aggregate from $10,000 to $250,000 in value Deposited from more than $10,000 to $250,000 of liquidity into Arbitrum As evident, there were four significant actions that were tiered, with a focus on Bridging, Transacting, Interacting with smart contracts, and Depositing liquidity. Additionally, there were also a few requirements for Nova (which could be considered the equivalent of zkSync Lite, however, it’s an older version of zkSync whereas Nova is a newer version of Arbitrum): Bridged funds into Arbitrum Nova Conducted more than 3.5 or 10 transactions Thus,  it is still possible to engage in interactions on the Lite network to potentially increase your chances of receiving an airdrop. However, it should be noted that this is an additional opportunity, and it is advisable to primarily focus on Era for the best chances of qualifying for an airdrop. It's important to note that following these steps or any other airdrop guide does not guarantee an airdrop, as the specific requirements for the airdrop are not known and can only be speculated on from available information. Users should not risk funds they cannot afford to lose. *This Article is Not Intended as Financial Advice and is for Educational Purposes Only. Please Do Your Own Research.

Understanding zkSync: A Comprehensive Guide to Airdrop Opportunities

Comprender zkSync: una guía completa sobre las oportunidades de Airdrop

Comprendre zkSync : un guide complet des opportunités d'Airdrop

ZkSync को समझना: एयरड्रॉप अवसरों के लिए एक व्यापक मार्गदर्शिका

zkSync を理解する: エアドロップの機会に関する包括的なガイド

Compreendendo o zkSync: um guia abrangente para oportunidades de airdrop

Hiểu về zkSync: Hướng dẫn Toàn diện về Cơ hội Airdrop

了解 zkSync：空投机会综合指南

The Early History of the Airplane by Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright is part of the HackerNoon Books Series. Read this book online for free on HackerNoon! : The Early History of the Airplane Title : Orville Wright Author : Wilbur Wright Author : May 11, 2008 [eBook #25420] Most recently updated: January 3, 2021 Release date : English Language Table of Links The Wright Brothers’ Aeroplane How We Made the First Flight Some Aeronautical Experiments About HackerNoon Book Series: We bring you the most important technical, scientific, and insightful public domain books. This book is part of the public domain. Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright (2008). The Early History of the Airplane. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Retrieved October 2022 https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/25420/pg25420-images.html This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org , located at https://www.gutenberg.org/policy/license.html .

The Early History of the Airplane by Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright - Table of Links

Everyone loves free money, right? On March 23, Arbitrum distributed the hottest airdrop of 2023 so far. A total of 1,257,500,000 tokens (12.75% of the total supply) have been allocated, making them worth almost $2 billion at today’s price ($1.50). We often hear the argument about how airdrops contribute to decentralization and reward early users, but is this the case? The Arbitrum Airdrop Explained A bit of background first. Arbitrum is an Ethereum scaling solution providing faster speeds at a significantly lower cost. Protocols and applications like this tend to airdrop tokens to early users who complete a series of actions. Anyone who performed the actions above can claim their airdrop for the next six months. Out of 2.3M wallets, 28% qualified (625,143), 50% of those (324,863) got 1250 tokens or less, and 1% (6471) got more than 8500 ( ). Source The stats look promising, right? Arbitrum had 2.3 million users in less than two years, and over 600,000 qualified for the airdrop! What might seem fantastic at first glance turns out to be horrible when you know more. Incentivizing the Wrong Behavior Almost anyone involved in Web3 knew Arbitrum would airdrop their token sooner or later (although without knowing the conditions). Someone worked harder to get the most out of it. Rather than using the protocol for its intended purpose, airdrops often lead to the wrong behavior, incentivizing people to game the system and perform actions solely to receive free tokens. This can lead to a skewed perception of a protocol's user base and a lack of genuine engagement. Value extractors participate in the early stages of the project with the sole intent of farming the token and selling it, then moving on to the next one. Additionally, suppose the tokens are not distributed fairly or are not backed by a valuable use case. In that case, they can quickly become worthless, leaving early adopters with nothing but a worthless token and a feeling of disappointment. Another recent example was the BLUR airdrop. Blur is an NFT marketplace that distributes its tokens based on the liquidity provided on its marketplace. Can you guess how the token performed? Similarly, that’s what the Arbitrum token chart looks like. The True End Goal Airdrops have become a popular marketing strategy in the crypto space to showcase a protocol's user base and increase its valuation. By giving away free tokens to users who complete specific actions, a protocol can incentivize people to use its platform and create buzz around it. The more users a protocol has, the more valuable it becomes, making it easier for the company to raise funds and attract investors. Additionally, airdrops can kick off a positive feedback loop where more users (and tokens) attract more users, creating a network effect that drives adoption, at least, until incentives are provided. Can We Make It Right? Of course, we can. But it doesn't appear that we want to. There can be some strategies that projects can adopt to improve the effectiveness of airdrops in attracting and retaining users. Some ideas could be: Locked tokens with varying unlock times based on the user's preferences. This incentivizes users to hold the tokens for a specific period, preventing them from immediately dumping them on the market and creating a sense of ownership and loyalty among users, who feel more invested in the project's long-term success. NFTs that entitle users to recurring fees. These NFTs can represent a share of the project's revenue and provide a tangible reward for early adopters who contribute to the platform's growth. By offering recurring rewards, projects can incentivize users to hold on to their tokens and continue using the platform, creating a sustainable revenue stream that benefits both the project and its users. Social engagement rewards By rewarding users for sharing the project on social media, referring friends, or participating in community events, projects can create a sense of community and encourage users to become brand ambassadors. If implemented with the well-designed condition, it can drive adoption and create a positive feedback loop where more users attract more users, creating a self-sustaining ecosystem. If I thought about these, I don't believe that investors and advisors have not thought about them before. Everything Looks Like a Nail Except for Uniswap (when airdrops were not so common yet), I struggle to find an example where the token hasn't been used to incentivize fake adoption. The fact that every crypto project is using airdrops in pursuit of a viral network effect isn't something to be celebrated. It's an indicator that the project's use case hasn't been properly identified or communicated. It may very well be true that token-powered incentives are necessary to get projects off the ground, but we should be careful not to mistake the symptoms of a problem for the cause. The real solution lies in identifying an actual use case and product-market fit that users are willing to pay for or participate in. Without this foundation, applications will struggle to remain sustainable, relying on short-term tactics like token incentives to grow instead of developing a strong user base. The key is to focus on achieving product-market fit and then layer incentives as needed rather than the other way around.

Airdrops: Marketing Strategies and Decentralization Nonsense

Finding the Airplane

At the moment, there are spaceports and launch facilities worldwide that can launch satellites or spacecraft into sub-orbit, orbit, and beyond. Some of these are shared with existing airports due to the nature of their horizontal launch preference, and others are dedicated sites — 35 but what if, in the near future, this changed and watching a launch from your local international airport became the norm? Before we begin, here are some ‘fun facts’ — As of January 2022, the Airports Council International serves 717 members, operating 1950 airports in 185 countries. In total, there are with a passenger volume of over , which the ACI classifies as major airports. Of these, around one-third are located in North America and one-quarter in Europe. The rest are spread across Asia, Australia, and South America. 61 airports 25 million per year In total, there are 9300 airports across the globe, including — Highest altitude airport: Charana Airport in Bolivia (4060m) Lowest altitude airport: Bar Yehuda Airport in Israel (-385m) Number of airports in the northern hemisphere: 3317 Number of airports in the southern hemisphere: 1798 Top 5 countries with the most airports — USA (552) Germany (529) France (472) South Africa (262) Canada (259) The problem right now facing the spaceport industry is that the current launch cadence just can’t accommodate them all, financially and operationally. There’s a rush to build spaceports and launch facilities on new sites, mostly due to the civilian impact of having rockets launch so close to people, but the splitting of a finite resource over increasing numbers means it’s just not going to work long-term. For example, at the moment, there are only some 60-odd planned launches in Europe. There are seven spaceports about to become operational in the UK alone, and Sweden has just announced their intention to build another. Each caters to a type of launcher — horizontal and/or vertical — the majority allowing for the smaller launches only. As this number of spaceports looks to grow, conversely, so too will the availability of suitable sites begin to shrink. There will come a point where spaceports will not only eventually reach a saturation point beyond launch cadence ( ) but also a point where the various aviation authorities step in after a civilian airplane accident takes place. if this won’t happen sooner than they expect anyway all over the globe. Let’s say an average length of a flight is two hours — that would mean that six million people fly somewhere every day. Add on top of that multiple rocket launches from multiple sites on a regular basis, and the skies could get a bit more crowded and more dangerous, especially being managed by different control authorities, different mission controllers, and so on. Roughly 100,000 flights take off and land every day “We believe in a world where more people can go to more places more often. Sustainable supersonic travel unlocks new possibilities for business relationships, prospects for vacation, and opportunities for human connection.” — Blake Scholl, CEO Boom Supersonic and now I know why there’s a new race to build supersonic and hypersonic passenger planes. But the space race is about to get a lot bigger and not for orbital launchers, . Venus Aerospace’s “Stargazer” aircraft is claimed to be capable of crossing the Earth in one hour. Hypersonic technology is all the rage right now, though the specific concepts and applications are hardly anything new. For example, Venus Aerospace unveiled its new Mach 9 hypersonic plane design last year , a potential successor to the ever-loved but now-retired Concorde. And Boom Supersonic is currently building its new Overture supersonic passenger plane Now SpaceX has said that it eventually wants to run 15 million ( ) flights of a passenger version of Starship and could challenge them all. yeah, you read that right But why the focus on ludicrous speed air flight? Simple. Los Angeles to New York, which normally takes five hours and 25 minutes, will take . 25 minutes Bangkok to Dubai, which takes six hours and 25 minutes by plane, will take . 27 minutes Tokyo to Singapore, which can take seven hours and 10 minutes, would take just . 28 minutes London to New York, a seven hours and 55 minutes plane ride, takes just . 29 minutes New York to Paris, which takes around seven hours and 20 minutes by plane, would take just . 30 minutes Starship will be capable of performing long voyages to Mars carrying 100 passengers and over 100 tons of cargo, but the terrestrial version of Starship would rival commercial airliners, offering to transport 1,000 passengers from one spaceport to another across the globe at 4.6 miles per second, that is equivalent to about 12 times as fast as a supersonic flight. How much would a ticket cost? Sam Dinkins, writing for the , estimated in October 2017 it would cost over $1 million to transport 853 passengers, working out to $1,200 per person. Once this becomes a steady reality, these costs will fall — the price of a seat on Concorde was roughly the same back when it flew the skies, so this is frankly a bit of a bargain. Space Review Obviously, this is years out, but whichever becomes the favored method of air travel in the near future, one thing is clear — and civil aviation/ flight control authorities will have to approve it all on top, but the reality is that progress in developing advanced civil aerospace capabilities will stem from the innovations that come out of any and all space programs, including the updating of tracking systems for civil aviation. it means every major airport would need to rethink its capabilities to become spaceports or space hubs in their own capacity It is highly unlikely that the ability to fly Starship from one end of the globe to the other will require building new vertical launch and landing sites near those major destinations, it makes zero sense to do this, and against every other launcher, especially with their cadence and success record so the alternative to building completely new sites owned and operated by others, having their own immigration procedures, emergency infrastructure, flight control, etc is to adjust the existing airport infrastructure to cater for both vertical and horizontal hypersonic flight — no major airport owner in their right mind will want to ignore SpaceX’s current lead and that means airports becoming spaceports in their own right. It makes far more sense to utilize, merge and work with the existing aviation authorities, ground staff, and mission controllers all under one roof and take advantage of economies of scale than to continually add more pressure to an already overburdened staff with oftentimes antiquated computer systems with building a spaceport next door managed by other people with their own agendas and processes. This then opens up new opportunities for airport owners to act as sites for orbital launches, too, since they’ll have the facilities and operations to do so. We won’t need dedicated launch sites in the middle of nowhere, where there are no existing road, rail, or sea infrastructure around them. I remember being taken to the airport to see planes taking off when I was very young, it was a Sunday afternoon treat. Perhaps one day in the future, that’ll be a thing again, only this time, we’ll be watching rockets launch to New York or the Moon just as often. Hypersonic aviation is going to open up more opportunities than it realizes, and airports need to be on the ball to not only capture this new market but also play a vital role in the space race itself. Unfortunately, any time saved on a hypersonic flight will still be lost dicking about in immigration queues and being forced to walk around airport shops. Some things may never change… Also Published Here

Advancements in Airplane Tech Could Lead Major Airports to Become Spaceports

How many times have you heard “thought leaders” and experts talking about how you need to “build community”? Everyone wants to talk about a thriving community, but many fewer are willing to put in the work to make it happen. And that work means genuinely caring about people and demonstrating that care over time – not rushing to get Twitter or Telegram followers. One of the most common techniques from “web3 experts” is to work with influencers to get the word out. But those partnerships can be heavily hit-or-miss because follower counts do not necessarily translate into engagement and eventually sales, especially if the partnership is not genuine – that is, the influencer and token project are more transactional. When thinking about building and cultivating community, what you really want to focus on is: Is there research that validates the strategy so you can talk about it more credibly? Is the community building strategy repeatable and/or scalable? Is there a way of determining what techniques for community building are more helpful at different parts of the experience? The reality is that there is no substitute for becoming an accomplished and proven expert in your field so that you speak from experience when advising and building community. And, that’s also the way you signal that you’re serious about building community versus just passing by out of convenience and for pure profit motives. Putting in the time and energy to become highly trained is a demonstration that your time and money is where your mouth is. But setting these foundational principles aside, there are also tools that can help build and foster community – and airdrops are one of them. What are airdrops? Marketers have long designed methods for attracting new customers and retaining existing ones through the use of discounts, promotions, and more. Such methods can be especially important for projects operating in competitive environments so that they can cut through all the noise. The same holds in the emerging area of web3: token issuers look for ways to set their tokens apart from others. Airdrops provide one mechanism to differentiate companies from their competitors, providing the ability to reward users and incentivize certain behavior. In particular, airdrops allow companies to communicate and gift items directly to people on their digital wallets. The technological capabilities, coupled with the social phenomenon of tokens, can expand the tools that brands have to engage existing and prospective consumers, namely that they can tailor rewards and incentives to them based on observed behavior on the blockchain. There are several types of airdrop strategies that depend on project goals, but they can generally be categorized as follows: a where eligibility criteria are minimized as to include as much community members as possible, plain vanill where eligibility criteria hinge on holding a token for a specified time period, holder-based where eligibility criteria favor past users and loyal supporters, past value-based where eligibility criteria are linked to future interaction with the project or favorable behavior. future value-based What does the research say on airdrops? All organizations battle for the attention and business of their prospective customers, ranging from retail consumers to businesses, and airdrops are only one mechanism to achieve this. Although airdrops within web3 are a new vehicle, as a concept they are no different than loyalty programs or price discounts offered by traditional non-web3 companies: they aim to confer value to those who engage with the product or service while encouraging future involvement. My published in the Journal of Corporate Finance presents the first empirical and large-scale statistical analysis on the effects of airdrops. After documenting the rapid growth among decentralized exchanges (DEXs) up until the end of 2021, my coauthors and I quantify how the use of airdrops affects the growth rate of market capitalization and transaction volume for an exchange. Crucially, we find that DEXs that implement airdrops exhibit a 13.1 and 8.6 percentage point increase in the month-to-month growth rate of market capitalization and volume even after controlling for broad changes in the market and the trust factor of each exchange. recent research These results are consistent with by professors Xiaofeng Liu, Wei Chen, and Kevin Zhu who find that token incentives are successful in attracting users and generating productive value, as well as by professors William Cong, Ke Tang, Yanxin Wang, and Xi Zhao who investigate the effects of an airdrop on the Ethereum blockchain and find a positive effect on democratization and financial inclusion on the network. research research However, there are also reasons why some airdrops may not work. If they are used too many times, they lose their “surprise” and the price of the token can get inflated (Makridis, 2022). Much like announcements from the federal reserve when changing the buying and selling of bonds can fail to have a surprise effect on market sentiment if they are used too often, airdrops can also become less effective over time. The rationale goes back to a classic debate in monetary economics about rules rather than discretion pioneered by Nobel Laureates Edward C. Prescott and Finn Kydland: monetary policy announcements based on discretion can only “work” so long as the public is sufficiently surprised by the information that they change their behavior. Experiences with airdrops There are many reasons to consider using airdrops, including go-to-market strategies, but one of their important benefits if implemented properly is building community. Airdrops provide a way for project owners to bring people into a community who otherwise may not have engaged with it, as well as to reward members who may be active participants and demonstrating preferred behavior. For example, last year I interviewed Gary Vaynerchuk in a and discussed his building a community around the VeeFriends NFT collection. Cointelegraph Magazine story In fact, he in 2021 that every customer who bought 12 print copies of his new book, Twelve and a Half: Leveraging the Emotional Ingredients Necessary for Business Success, would also receive one mystery NFT through an airdrop to their digital wallets. While the book was interesting on its own, the novelty of a mystery NFT coupled with the success and appreciation of his even earlier VeeFriends NFTs created a significant splash and demand. In fact, Vaynerchuk received over a million pre-orders of the book within a 24-hour period! announced But even closer to home is what we’re building in , a web3 multimedia startup that is bridging the web3 and classical music communities. Together with two leading opera singers, we are passionate about producing beautiful art and empowering the artists that make it possible. That’s why we recently launched the Living Arts Foundation – a nonprofit DAO that functions as a micro-grants and educational community of practice for artists, fueled by holders of our collection (see for a summary). Living Opera Magic Mozart NFT our whitepaper Despite continued increases in giving each year, the problems are still getting worse, especially funding in the arts. shows that real wages among artists have been declining over time. And that’s not even including the increased costs they incur (e.g., paying for auditions). By providing a way for micro-philanthropists to fund artists, and creating educational curricula around entrepreneurship for artists that they can go through to gain access to the micro-grants community, we are building a two-sided marketplace that generates greater value for both sides – the philanthropists see the return on their donations, and the artists gain access to funding. Our research Airdrops will play an important role to build community and ensure active participation among the Mozart NFT holders in the Living Arts Foundation DAO. For example, we want to provide Mozart NFT holders a chance to see my two co-founders and world-class opera singers, and , in actual performances. We also plan on giveaways of Living Opera . Airdropping gifts will help keep DAO members excited and engaged with voting and community building events. Soula Parassidis Norman Reinhardt merchandise About Christos A.Makridis is the co-founder, chief operations officer, and chief technology officer for , a web3 multimedia startup. He also holds academic appointments with Columbia University, Stanford University, University of Nicosia, and others. Christos has dual doctorates in economics and management science & engineering from Stanford University. Christos A. Makridis Living Opera About Living Opera Founded by two opera singers and an economist, is a multimedia art-technology company that unites the classical music and blockchain communities to produce transformative content. Living Opera takes a holistic approach to life, work, and education: "living" means "full of life and vigor," and "opera" means (in Latin) "labor, effort, attention, or work." Living Opera NFT collections, such as Magic Mozart, are designed to bring the art and tech worlds together by expanding the audience of people who traditionally engage with classical music and fine art. Living Opera

The Role of Airdrops for Loyalty, Rewards, Brand Awareness and Scale in Web 3.0

El papel de Airdrops para la lealtad, las recompensas, el conocimiento de la marca y la escala en la Web 3.0

Le rôle des airdrops pour la fidélité, les récompenses, la notoriété de la marque et l'échelle dans le Web 3.0

वेब 3.0 में वफादारी, पुरस्कार, ब्रांड जागरूकता और स्केल के लिए एयरड्रॉप्स की भूमिका

Web 3.0 における忠誠心、報酬、ブランド認知度、規模におけるエアドロップの役割

O papel dos Airdrops para fidelidade, recompensas, conhecimento da marca e escala na Web 3.0

Vai trò của Airdrop đối với lòng trung thành, phần thưởng, nhận thức về thương hiệu và quy mô trong Web 3.0

空投在 Web 3.0 中对忠诚度、奖励、品牌知名度和规模的作用

the co-founder of Dronamics, has promised that his 8-year-long beard will be removed once the Black Swan, an aircraft with no pilots on board, has flown. Svilen Rangelov, His brother Konstantin also promised to shave his beard only after the first flight of the Black Swan which they have been building in their native Bulgaria. In this Slogging thread, our community discussed Black Swan, an aircraft with no pilots on board. This Slogging thread by Valentine Enedah, Sara Pinto, Marco Sullivan and Mónica Freitas occurred in slogging's official #technology channel and has been edited for readability. Valentine Enedah Dec 29, 2022, 10:08 AM The Black Swan: The Aircraft with No Pilots on Board https://www.bbc.com/news/business-63595481 😂 1 Valentine Enedah Dec 29, 2022, 10:37 AM Svilen Rangelov: Valentine Enedah Dec 29, 2022, 10:49 AM At the time Dronamics was established, big tech giants like Amazon were experimenting with drone deliveries to domestic addresses. But Mr Rangelov never believed in the concept of personal goods delivered by drone. The practical difficulties of flying a drone right up to someone's front door were obvious. Valentine Enedah Dec 29, 2022, 10:50 AM looks very much like a conventional light aircraft without a pilot's cabin. It combines cell phone economics in terms of cheap electronics, with the ability to land on short runways. Black Swan There are 3,000 airstrips across Europe, that's a lot of locations. Black Swan embodies a combination of lightweight composite materials and a standard piston engine that sips petrol while the drone cruises on long and fuel-efficient wings. Valentine Enedah Dec 29, 2022, 10:52 AM German logistics giant Hellmann is poised to begin using Black Swan. Jan Kleine-Lasthues is in charge of this initiative and he has spent a long career in airfreight. Valentine Enedah Dec 29, 2022, 10:53 AM Black Swan will be more frequent than ferries and can be used to break down deliveries into several packages. This essentially increases the frequency of deliveries. Also, Dronamics hopes to get a full-scale prototype of the Black Swan drone airborne in early 2023. What do you think? Sara Pinto Dec 30, 2022, 3:43 PM Valentine Enedah, so, will Black Swan deliver goods directly to people? Seems like it would be an upgrade to the usual drone since it has such a high reach! 🔥 1 Valentine Enedah Dec 31, 2022, 1:40 PM Sara Pinto Yes, It will deliver to people directly as well as large businesses. Maybe the drones for people would be a little smaller. Marco Sullivan Dec 31, 2022, 2:59 PM Valentine Enedah This would be very useful for delivery to near by states or areas. I would love to gaze at more possibilities for this drone. 💚 1 Valentine Enedah Dec 31, 2022, 3:32 PM Marco Sullivan Yes! This might be a very fast and efficient form of delivery in the long run! Sara Pinto Jan 4, 2023, 3:28 PM You mention that they plan to fly in 2023. Do we know if it is in trials or will it be for real this year? Valentine Enedah Valentine Enedah Jan 4, 2023, 8:47 PM Sara Pinto There are currently in trials and they plan to launch this year. I hope they are able to deliver to normal users in the long run. Mónica Freitas Jan 5, 2023, 4:30 PM I suppose this will come with extra operational costs. I suppose either businesses will support these costs, or we will pay extra. But I find this interesting and would love to try it. It'll make shopping more fun Valentine Enedah Jan 6, 2023, 1:25 PM Mónica Freitas Yeah, companies should be willing to pay for extra costs to make it easier for their users/customers.

The Black Swan: The Aircraft with No Pilots on Board

Decoding Blockchain 101: Why Does Layer 1 oracle Network Matter In my opinion, a layer 1 oracle network is an important component of the blockchain ecosystem. It provides a secure and decentralized way to bring external data into the blockchain, which is essential for many use cases, particularly in the DeFi space. One of the main use cases of a layer 1 oracle network is to provide real-world data to smart contracts on the blockchain. For example, in DeFi, oracle networks can be used to provide the price of assets, interest rates, and other financial data to smart contracts. This allows for the automation of complex financial transactions and the creation of decentralized financial products and services. In terms of building client based applications, layer 1 oracle networks can help developers by providing a secure and reliable source of external data. This can make it easier to build applications that require real-world data and integration with other blockchain networks. Therefore, it is critical to note that layer 1 oracle networks are a crucial aspect of the blockchain ecosystem. They can bring reliable and decentralized access to external data to smart contracts. With their security, scalability, interoperability and decentralization features, they open a wide range of use cases for developers, companies and users Why Do dApps Matter and How Can They Change How We Do Business? In my opinion, are an important advancement in the field of decentralized technology as they can provide many benefits over traditional, centralized applications. One of the main benefits of dApps is increased security and transparency. The open-source nature of dApps also allows for greater transparency and community oversight, making it more difficult for malicious actors to compromise the system. Another advantage of dApps is the ability to create decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) and decentralized exchanges (DEXs) which allows for a more decentralized, community-driven decision making process. This can lead to more fair and efficient systems, as well as providing an alternative to traditional, centralized organizations. dApps In terms of use cases, dApps can be used for a wide range of applications, such as creating decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms, creating digital identities, providing decentralized storage solutions and many more. These features make dApps a promising technology that could lead to more fair and efficient systems in various industries. Flare Airdrop: Blockchain for Building Interoperable Applications Distributes 4.279 Billion Tokens in Largest Scale Token Distribution in Crypto History The news of the successful completion of 's token airdrop is an important event in the blockchain industry. The large scale distribution of 4.279 billion Flare (FLR) tokens to millions of recipients across various exchanges is a notable achievement and it marks one of the largest scale token distributions in crypto history. Flare : Vested Interest Disclosure The author is an independent contributor publishing via our . Be it through direct compensation, media partnerships, or networking. The author has a vested interest in the company/ies mentioned in this story. HackerNoon has reviewed the report for quality, but the claims herein belong to the author. #DYOR brand-as-author program The successful completion of the airdrop is important for Flare as it allows developers to start building and utilizing the platform's features, such as the EVM and State Connector and Flare Time Series Oracle (FTSO). These features provide decentralized access to high-integrity data from other blockchains and the internet and it enables the creation of new use cases and monetization models. The airdrop marks a significant step forward for Flare as it provides a new infrastructure for the developer community to build and create new and innovative use cases, and it opens new possibilities to the industry. The cross-chain solution and the highly decentralized data feed oracle can lead to new ways of monetization and it can help to bring more adoption to the blockchain technology. Don’t forget to like and share the story! Image credits: . Shubham Dhage

Flare Just Airdropped 4.279 Billion Tokens: The Largest Drop in Crypto History

The 2021 ETHLisbon Hackathon winner, , has been working on leveraging the overall security level in decentralized finance (DeFi). Hackless We tasked ourselves with designing a comprehensive security platform that aims to protect the DeFi world from targeted exploits, as well as safely migrate funds from individual wallets and protocols under attack. So far, our Conductor solution has helped to safely migrate nearly $691,000 from hacked DeFi protocols and individual wallets. Hackless is thrilled to introduce a tool that helps fight sandwich attacks on Ethereum and Binance Smart Chain. The solution allows making safer swaps by avoiding public mempools through directly submitting transactions to miners. DeFi Security Risks Decentralized exchanges are widely considered more secure than centralized options because they do not store user funds, yet they come with risks that every user should be aware of. While you hold full ownership of your funds, decentralized platforms are still prone to code risk. This means that if the smart code has bugs or vulnerabilities, it can be exploited and funds will be lost. Unfortunately, recent statistics prove this even more. Seven of the ten largest crypto thefts that took place between January 2021 and March 2022 involved DeFi protocols. As stated in the REKT Database, DeFi protocols have lost $6 billion in total, due to hacks and exploits of different kinds, sandwich attacks included. Sandwich Attacks Explained Between May 2020 and April 2022, a total of 457,691 sandwich attacks were detected with an average ROI above 4%, as calculated by a TarLogic’s report. Why such big numbers? To understand this, let’s dig a little deeper into the mechanics of sandwich attacks. Before we go investigating, it’s important for you to understand what a mempool is in reference to DEX. In blockchain terminology, a mempool is a waiting area for transactions that haven't been added to a block and are still unconfirmed. These transactions are placed in a mempool that are then picked up by a miner who packages them into a block. It is also in a mempool that an exploiter can ‘look’ at transactions that are to be executed soon. If we look closer, we can break down this strategy into a few well-seen steps, which are as follows: An attacker monitors the mempool to detect a high-value transaction. An attacker buys a certain amount of the same token before a user’s transaction is executed to pump the price. A user purchases the token at a higher price. An attacker sells purchased assets at a higher price, pocketing the difference. Anti-Sandwich Protection for Individual Users If you wish to protect yourself from sandwich attacks, you can use for individual users. It allows you to easily and safely swap digital assets by sending your transactions directly to miners. Anti-Sandwich by Hackless Since your transaction doesn’t reach the mempool, it never becomes visible to hackers, and as a result, has no risk of becoming a target. and works for Ethereum and BSC networks. It offers an extremely straightforward and simple interface, and a smooth experience even for beginners. During its beta version, Anti-Sandwich is completely free of charge To protect your transaction from being sandwiched, you simply need to: Connect your Metamask wallet. Select the network and token that you wish to swap. Sign the transaction. Once signed, it will automatically be submitted to private miners, avoiding public mempool. Anti-Sandwich for DeFi teams Our Anti-Sandwich solution has already proved effective for a play-to-earn project which has integrated the Hackless customized widget for their users. Here is why Anti-Sandwich brings value to DeFi projects: Improved user experience, without the user ever leaving the platform for swapping a project token. Additionally, it averts any confusion with similar tokens among a myriad of currencies on DEXes. Boosted security while averting potential sandwich attacks during swaps. Ease of integration via the as well as brand customization. NPM library 10,000 $HKLS Airdrop Pool for Beta Users If you’re joining us at the beta stage, you will get a chance to try out the tool completely free of charge. We value early adopters, that's why we’re throwing an additional airdrop activity to reward the most active folks. We’re thrilled to open up our beta version for you to try out, share impressions, spread the word and be rewarded. Join our to find out all the details! Gleam page To learn more about Hackless and how it can boost DeFi security, visit the and check out their case studies on how they helped their clients safely migrate $691,000 from hacked protocols and wallets. project’s site Also, make sure to join the Hackless community on and . Discord Telegram Photo by on Allen Rad Unsplash

An Anti-Sandwich Tool for Ethereum and BSC - With 10,000 $HKLS Airdrop Pool for Beta Users

Presentamos la herramienta Anti-Sandwich para Ethereum y BSC, con un grupo de Airdrop de 10 000 $HKLS para usuarios beta

Présentation de l'outil anti-sandwich pour Ethereum et BSC - Avec 10 000 $ HKLS Airdrop Pool pour les utilisateurs bêta

एथेरियम और बीएससी के लिए पेश है एंटी-सैंडविच टूल - बीटा यूजर्स के लिए 10,000 डॉलर एचकेएलएस एयरड्रॉप पूल के साथ

イーサリアムと BSC のサンドウィッチ防止ツールの紹介 - ベータ ユーザー向けの 10,000 $HKLS エアドロップ プール付き

Apresentando a ferramenta anti-sanduíche para Ethereum e BSC - com 10.000 $ HKLS Airdrop Pool para usuários beta

Giới thiệu Công cụ Anti-Sandwich cho Ethereum và BSC - Với 10.000 $HKLS Airdrop Pool cho người dùng Beta

引入以太坊和 BSC 的反三明治工具 - 为 Beta 用户提供 10,000 $HKLS 空投池

Why do we insist on stalling our own technological progress? I think history has some answers. For millennia, inventors have been creating technologies that improve our lives. And for millennia, humans have been resisting, scorning, and mocking these inventions before recognizing them as massive value-adds. We’re seeing the same theme play out today in Bitcoin. Clashes between tradition and new technology tend to lead to negative media campaigns and aggressive efforts to distort public opinion. One notable example is . The War of Currents In the final decades of the 19th century, Thomas Edison launched a brutal propaganda campaign against Nikola Tesla and his investor George Westinghouse. In an attempt to demonize Tesla’s alternating current (AC) in favor of his company’s direct current (DC), Edison masterminded a cruel display where he publicly electrocuted an elephant to “demonstrate the dangers of AC”. The aim of the brutish stunt was to forever associate Tesla’s AC with death in the eyes of the public. It didn’t work. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NoKi4coyFw0?embedable=true JP Morgan, who backed Edison’s business as an investor, pulled strings to cut Tesla’s funding and blocked other investors from supplying any capital. Even though there were legitimate technical concerns about AC that required further engineering to improve, Edison’s crusade fogged its development. At the time Morgan & Edison’s efforts worked to temporarily distort the public’s perception of AC. But seeing as we’re all using primarily AC today to power everything from kitchen appliances to electric lamps, we can infer that Tesla’s technologically-superior invention won out in the long run. As the late Harvard Kennedy Professor of International Development Calestous Juma wrote in his account, , "The biggest risk that society faces by adopting approaches that suppress innovation is that they amplify the activities of those who want to preserve the status quo by silencing those arguing for a more open future." Innovation and Its Enemies: Why People Resist New Technologies High-ranking figures and institutions who benefit asymmetrically from maintaining the status quo will often stoop down to fear-mongering to demonize technologies that threaten it. Misguided warnings by regarded members of society go back further than Edison. Renowned Swiss scientist was one of the early alarmists about the Printing Press causing information overload. Conrad Gessner His extensive work, , contains passages that warn against the unmanageable surplus of information opened up by the printing press – causing damage to our brains. Bibliotheca Universalis Concerns about literacy’s effect on our minds extend back to the birth of literacy itself. Even Socrates that written documents would cause us to become forgetful due to a lack of face-to-face communication. He believed his arbitrary drawbacks to the written word outweighed the benefits. famously warned Warnings like these are duly repeated throughout history. Older generations cling to their familiar “unharmful” technologies while ignoring the fact that those same technologies were considered harmful when first invented. Consider the extreme example of how, for nearly 400 years, the Ottomans blocked the use of printing technology for religious reasons. In 1485 Sultan Bayezid II banned printing books in Arabic script. And 30 years later, , by Sultan Selim I mandated that “occupying oneself with the science of printing was punishable by death.” a harsher edict Even though Muslims were already familiar with Chinese printing technology (who they traded extensively with) the four-century non-adoption of printing was totally voluntary, driven by an active choice by leadership to bear down on the status quo. Sometimes conservative values can ossify so deeply that, in the absence of a clear argument against new superior technology, status quo proponents appeal to people’s sense of nostalgia. Early 20th-century provides another compelling example. Draft animal producers and traders saw industrialization as a threat to their way of life. But since they understood that blocking the growth of tractor technology was impractical, they launched an advertising campaign glorifying the virtues of farm animals. anti-tractor rhetoric The Horse Association of America – whose publication reached millions of readers – issued pamphlets proclaiming that “A mule is the only fool-proof tractor ever built.” What’s striking is how consistent these progress-blocking attempts are from one century to the next. Certain groups routinely object to technologies that change accepted traditions, even when it’s clear how the next wave of inventions could benefit them personally. When mechanical refrigeration started posing competition for the natural ice industry in the 19th century, the natural ice industry fought back by launching a claiming that mechanical refrigeration was a “dangerous chemical mystery,” deflecting attention away from the fact that it extends the shelf life of foods, breaks bacterial developments, and makes stored foods more accessible and abundant. smear campaign In defense of what had for many decades been an extremely profitable business model, natural ice proponents unsuccessfully clung to “naturalness” as their main argument. Knee jerk dismissal of new technology has perhaps been most rampant across military history. Right at the turn of the 20th century, some members of the military were bringing airplane technology to the attention of leaders after the news of the Wright Brothers broke. French Supreme Allied Commander Ferdinand Foch during World War 1 in 1911, “Airplanes are interesting toys but of no military value.”*This represented the broader attitude of the military towards the application of flying machines at the time, 8 years after the first human flight by the Wright Brothers. famously said Today, the same pattern has emerged with the introduction of Bitcoin. Cynics tend to dismiss the existing body of use cases Bitcoin is bringing to countries like Venezuela, where decades of reckless leadership and have eroded the bolívar’s value to near zero. As thousands of citizens flee to neighboring countries – living on rationed groceries and medicine – those who use Bitcoin are able to escape with their life savings stored in the borderless network. devastating inflation Or how about the who are able to use Bitcoin’s global rails to transport their life savings out of the country by – without having to ask permission or verify their identity? Syrian refugees memorizing 12 words History shows us that the attacks on Bitcoin are unsurprising and, in fact, expected. After all, global, secure savings account for billions of people who have no other option sure does threaten the monetary status quo that currently keeps poor people poor and the wealthy elite even wealthier. One thing’s for sure: resistance to progress has happened before, it’s happening now, and it’ll happen again. If you’re still making up your mind about Bitcoin, it’s helpful to recognize that fact.

History's Notes on Resisting Progress: From Airplanes & The Printing Press to Bitcoin

Notas de la historia sobre la resistencia al progreso: de los aviones y la imprenta a Bitcoin

Notes d'histoire sur la résistance au progrès : des avions et de l'imprimerie au bitcoin

विरोध प्रगति पर इतिहास के नोट्स: हवाई जहाज और प्रिंटिंग प्रेस से बिटकोइन तक

進歩への抵抗に関する歴史のメモ: 飛行機と印刷機からビットコインまで

Notas da história sobre como resistir ao progresso: dos aviões e da imprensa ao Bitcoin

Ghi chú của lịch sử về việc chống lại sự tiến bộ: Từ máy bay & máy in đến Bitcoin

抵制进步的历史笔记：从飞机和印刷机到比特币

Solidity RSA signatures for aidrops and presales: Beating ECDSA and Merkle Trees in Gas Efficiency By and Suthan Somadeva Michael Burke Introduction Creating a contract that gives certain addresses permissions goes by several names: airdrops, presale, whitelist, allowlist, and so forth. But the essence of the idea is there is a set of addresses that have special permission to buy a high-demand token for a desirable price (sometimes free). There are three established solutions for this: mappings, Merkle trees, and ECDSA signatures. The relative merits of these approaches have already been , so we will summarize the results: discussed elsewhere ECDSA Signature Verification (Gas: 29,293) using Merkle proofs (Gas: 30,517, 128 addresses) A mapping presale works when the seller enters the addresses of the customers into a mapping that goes from address to boolean to note if the address is privileged or not. The mapping is set to false after the buyer completes the transaction. This ensures only addresses that are marked true can make a purchase. This is very gas efficient for the buyer, but the seller could allow-listing thousands of addresses, (it will cost at least 22,100 gas to add an address to the allowlist). spend millions of gas Because of this, Merkle Trees and ECDSA signatures (using the precompile , or better yet, the published by OpenZeppelin), are often preferred to mappings. The gas cost (for the buyer) of executing the ECDSA signature verification is 29,293 gas. This includes the 21,000 to initiate the transaction, so the ECDSA cost is 8,293. Note that this includes reading the signing address from storage, but this cost is necessary or we won’t be able to invalidate signatures. ecerecover more secure wrapper around it Merkle Trees vary in cost based on tree size (larger trees require larger Merkle proofs), but if over 1,000 addresses are in the Merkle tree, it will cost at least 32,000 gas (or more) to verify the address. This cost is clearly inferior to ECDSA. The goal, then, is to beat ECDSA which costs 8,293 gas. To keep solutions apples-to-apples, the alternative solution must: Be able to nullify allow-listed addresses. Merkle trees can change their root, ECDSA , can change their signing address, and mappings can set the value to false. Not impose a substantial cost burden on the seller the way mappings do Cost less than 8,200 gas for the buyer (including a storage load) Not be compromised on security Prerequisites To understand the proposed methodology, the reader should be familiar with the following subjects: Precompiled smart contracts ( , ) recommended reading stackexchange Metamorphic contracts ( , ) introduction recommended reading Access lists ( ) recommended reading How to use digital signatures and their appropriate use cases in blockchain applications How gas cost is computed, especially as it relates to calldata, opcodes, storage, and memory usage. The RSA Algorithm If we want to substantially beat ECDSA, we need to find a different cryptographic algorithm that allows for the proof of set membership. ECDSA is actually the newer, cooler version of the original digital signature algorithm, RSA. ECDSA relies on discrete logarithms over elliptic curves being hard (hence the name – elliptic curve digital signature algorithm). RSA (named after its authors, Rivest, Shamir, Adleman) relies on large integers being hard to factor. In terms of age, RSA was published in the 1970s, but ECDSA became a formal specification in the early 2000s. We will not explain RSA in detail here, but some prerequisites are in order. The signer picks two large prime numbers p and q, and multiplies them together to produce n. This is the first part of the public key. Second, the signer picks a small prime (can be hardcoded to for our usecase), and publishes the pair as the public key. Behind the scenes, the signer computes n e 3 (n, e) t = (p - 1) * (q - 1)
d = t^(-1) % n The number is the private key. If an adversary could decompose into and , then computing would be trivial. But it is known that . To sign a message, the signer hashes the message to get and raises to the power . That is, d n p q d integer factorization is hard m h h d s = h(m) ^ d % n The signer then publishes as the message and signature. (m, s) The verifier then hashes and raises it to the power . Remember, and are the public key. If and only if m e mod n e n s == s ^ e % n then the signature is valid for the public key . Note that if is extremely large, then the probability that by random chance is vanishingly small. If the equality checks out, then we know the signature is valid for the public key. (n, e) n s == s ^ e % n To do this in Ethereum, we would simply sign an address as s = buyerAddress ^ d % n and the smart contract would verify msg.sender == s ^ e % n Using only 256 bits is unsafe We say “factoring integers is hard” but clearly this implies that the number must be large enough. For example, 33 is composed of two prime numbers and is trivial to decompose. Thankfully, we have real-world benchmarks of what the state-of-the-art can accomplish in the . RSA Factoring Challenge To clarify, the number of “bits” refers to the size of the public key. Therefore, when we say “RSA 2048”, this means the number n, the modulus, has 2048 bits. When comparing key sizes, it’s important to remember that each additional bit doubles the size of the number. So 700 bits is exponentially more secure than 350 bits, not twice as secure. The largest key to be cracked (factored) so far had 829 bits, and it required a modern supercomputer to do it. The team utilized approximately 2700 CPU core-years, using a 2.1 GHz Intel Xeon Gold 6130 CPU. The cheapest 16 core CPU on AWS costs $0.40 cents per hour, so the cost to crack this key is in the order of $9.4 million dollars. Even assuming generous discounts from the cloud provider, the cost is in the millions. Modular arithmetic with more than 256 bits in Solidity Ethereum only supports 32-byte data types, so by default, we cannot carry out s ^ e % n Thankfully, the Ethereum blockchain added a precompiled contract in specifically to support modular arithmetic. To use it, the base, exponent, and modulus must be loaded into memory in abi encoded format. Then the contract living at address is invoked. EIP 198 0x05 Storing the public key becomes a bit of an issue if you use a secure amount of bits. If the key size is 1024 bits, that necessitates 4 storage slots. To read the public key out of storage would be four operations, for a total of 8,400 gas. This by itself is already less efficient than the ECDSA solution benchmarked above. SLOAD If we use immutable variables, this cost is largely eliminated, but this creates a weakness if we cannot retroactively remove someone from the presale. In traditional ECDSA or Merkle Trees, we would just replace the signing address or the Merkle Root. This isn’t possible if we use an immutable variable. However, storing the public key in the bytecode instead of storage is the key idea. Reading an external contract’s bytecode ( ) costs 2,600 gas, which is far less than the 8,400 gas of reading each part of the public key in four pieces. EXTCODECOPY To invalidate a public key, we could simply create a new contract, and update a storage variable to point to the new address. But that adds back an additional 2,100 gas. It turns out, it is possible to store the external contract’s address (whose bytecode stores the public key) in an immutable variable, but still invalidate the public key by mutating the external smart contract’s bytecode. Invalidating the public key with the metamorphic contract pattern A smart contract is created by loading the deployment bytecode into memory, then returning the range of the bytecode which contains the runtime code. See more . here When a smart contract is created with the command, the address of the contract can be predicted in advance. The address is calculated from the combination of salt, the deployer, and the initialization bytecode. If the contract self-destructs, then a new contract at the same address can be deployed. create2 Note that the address is a function of the initialization code, not the deployed code. It is possible to deploy different bytecode by having the initialization code load a different runtime code. By self-destructing and redeploying with the same initialization code but a different deployment code, the bytecode of the contract can mutate. Therefore, we can have a smart contract whose first bytes are for self-destructing under a certain condition, but the rest of the bytes are just the RSA public key. k Because the address is determined in advance, we can store the address of this metamorphic contract in an immutable variable. We can from that address when we need the public key. To replace the public key, we instruct the contract to , then deploy a new contract to that address. EXTCODECOPY selfdestruct Saving an additional 100 gas with access lists added a new type of transaction that allows the user to specify in advance which addresses and storage slots will be accessed. This allows the nodes to prefetch those values from storage, thus speeding up execution time. Using an access list transaction when calling an external contract can save 100 gas. Note that this saving does not apply when a smart contract accesses its own storage variable. Because this RSA presale airdrop design relies on an external contract to store the public key, then using an access list is appropriate. EIP 2930 Benchmarks: Gas cost vs key size Most of the gas cost comes from having very large calldata as a result of large signatures. If the key size is set to 1024 bits, then the call data will be 128 bytes. Each byte costs 16 gas, so the total gas cost just to have calldata that large is 2,048 gas. Compared to most other use cases, ours uses a considerable amount of memory, and Ethereum charges for this. Why this saves gas relative to ECDSA The benchmarks make it clear that the larger the key (and hence the signature), the larger the gas cost. Our design exploits the fact that the precompile assigns a low price to raise numbers to low power. The cost of executing the precompiled contract under those conditions at is only a few hundred gas compared to thousands for executing the precompile for ECDSA. 0x05 Choosing a key size Although a key with 829 bits has been factored in, it requires a modern supercomputer to do so. For applications such as airdropping lower-value tokens or putting NFTs on a presale, an attacker does not have the incentive to spend six figures to a million dollars to factor a public key and obtain an NFT in a presale. The most expensive Ethereum tokens at this time of writing ( and ) cost approximately $100,000 a piece, so for the vast majority of applications, it is not economical for an attacker to try to factor the public key. Fidenza Bored Ape Yacht Club Remember, each bit doubles the difficulty of factoring the integer, so as of 2022, most low-value token presales are probably safe with 896 bits. In this case, saving users over 2,500 gas compared to ECDSA is compelling. Key Size Benchmarks This was conducted with Solidity compiler version 0.8.17 with the optimizer set to 1 million RSA-896 (Gas: 27,040) RSA-960 (Gas: 27,115) RSA-1024 (Gas: 27,311) RSA-2048 (Gas: 29,901) Conclusion We present a novel method for assigning addresses to a presale or airdrop that is more efficient than the known solutions today. By combining the modular exponentiation precompile with the metamorphic contract pattern and the access list transaction, we can validate secure RSA signatures on-chain in a gas-efficient manner. Our work is only a proof of concept at this stage. Developers are advised to use caution using the code in production. This project was created by and as part of the . The code implementation and unit tests are on . Suthan Somadeva Michael Burke RareSkills Solidity Bootcamp github Also published here.

Using Solidity RSA Signatures for Presales and Airdrops

When it comes to mainstream Bluetooth earbuds, Apple owns the lion’s share of the market. In fact, in 2021 Apple made dollars in revenue on Airpods alone. So when a new player enters the market, it’s always good to compare them to the most popular alternative out there and see how they fare. $12.1 billion This year, artistic tech manufacturer , extremely stylish and futuristic Bluetooth earbuds that look like they belong on the set of Blade Runner. Don’t believe me? Check out their product trailer: Angry Miao released the Cyberblade https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1aU39lb97Y0?embedable=true But fancy animated advertising materials aside, how does the Cyberblade compare to the Apple Airpods? Table of Contents What is The Cyberblade by Angry Miao? Specs Pros Cons Pricing Apple Airpods Specs Pros Cons Pricing Angry Miao’s Cyberblade vs. The Apple Airpods Verdict I have not been paid for this review. However, I did receive a pair of The Cyberblade earbuds for review from the company. I also did not pay for my Apple Airpods (I received those as a wedding gift =D ) Vested Interest Disclosure: What is the Cyberblade by Angry Miao? Angry Miao has quickly become one of my favorite . I would describe them as a luxury tech brand that produces mainly PC peripherals and accessories. I use the word luxury because they are to PC tech what Louis Vuitton is to the handbag market. tech companies Most people can’t afford them, but those that can are diehard fans. For example, their wireless keyboard goes for $600 USD and is already sold out on their website. Cyberboard Terminal The Cyberblade is Angry Miao’s first foray into the world of audio. They are taking their futuristic art style and implementing it into a pair of designer wireless earbuds that will make everyone stare (at your ears). In their own words, the design was inspired by the Focus effect from the videogame : Horizon Zero Dawn Cyberblade Specs Let’s take a look at what is under the shell. These specs are taken directly from the . product page on Angry Miao The Highlights: 36ms low latency Up to 24-hour battery life Dual mics Noise cancellation Transparency Mode Full Specs: Pros: Long battery life Futuristic Design Dual mics for high quality voice input Weighs only 6.5g per earbud and comes with an array of eartip sizes/materials for optimal comfort ASE connection mode supports a variety of devices* *A Note on ASE Connection One of the most impressive features of the Cyberblade is their ASE connection mode. Even if your device (PS4, Windows PC, Nintendo Switch, Android phone) doesn’t have a Bluetooth dongle or Bluetooth functionality for whatever reason, the charging case itself can act as a dongle. All you need to do is: Put the earbuds in Close the charging case Plug it into a USB-C port in your device of choice Once you do, your wireless Cyberblade earbuds connect to the device as if they were plugged in via an AUX jack. Using the case itself, you can raise or lower volume by twisting the cover. This was surprisingly easy to use and I tried it on my Windows PC, my Android phone, and my Nintendo Switch and had no issues at all. Cons: High price point Bulky charging case makes it hard to fit in your pocket Not available for sale on major ecommerce platforms (Amazon, Rakuten, etc.) Cyberblade Price & Where to Buy: Currently, you can only order the Cyberblade on their . On the page, the company lists the Kickstarter page Cyberblade at a $328 USD MSRP. That is well above other competitors on the space. As a comparison, on Amazon the Apple Airpods Pro retail for $239, and the as of the writing of this article. Airpods 1st gen are just $137 Apple Airpods 1st Gen The Apple Airpods are among the most popular Bluetooth earphones in the world. My hunch is that their sales are due to the market share dominated by the iPhone itself, rather than the performance of the earbuds. Sure they work well, but nothing really separates them from the rest of the market (other than their compatibility with iOS and MacOS devices). Below, we’ll take a look at the specs, pros, and cons of the device to back up my opinion. Airpod 1st Generation Specs These specs are taken directly from . the Apple website Over 24-hour battery (including the charging case) Dual beamforming microphones Dual optical sensors Motion-detecting accelerometer Speech-detecting accelerometer AirPods Weight (each): 0.14 ounce (4 g) Charging Case Weight: 1.34 ounces (38 g) (only on iOS devices) Live listen Assistive switch control Pros 1. Extremely lightweight and compact While it makes them easy to lose, the Airpods lightweight nature makes them super comfortable and easy to carry. The case itself is just around 1.8 x 2 inches and can easily fit in your pocket. Furthermore, because they are not the noise-canceling type, they’re also easy on the ears and can be worn for long periods of time with little-to-no discomfort at all. 2. Easy-to-Use and Quick-to-Connect Perhaps the most important functionality is just the connection strength itself. Many of the Apple Airpods surpasses many non-Apple Bluetooth headsets. Be it my Windows PC, Android phone, MacBook, or even Nintendo Switch, I had no issues connecting the Airpods to any device. They connected instantly and were never disrupted. claim that the connection distance 3. Best for iOS and MacOS Devices Almost as if it were by design, I find it painful to get non-apple Bluetooth earphones to connect and stay connected to my Macbook Air. However, with Airpods it’s plug-and-play with no connectivity issues. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zFy2TwKKw6Y?embedable=true Cons 1. Functionality is limited to iOS devices The biggest disappointment was learning that the Airpods had touch controls that only worked on iOS devices. I looked like an idiot constantly tapping my ears to try to get the song to stop playing, until I finally Googled it  and learned my Android phone wasn’t worthy of the function. Apparently you can only customize the touch controls on iOS devices. On my Android phone, the double tap feature worked, but it was auto-set to the skip function. 2. No noise-canceling abilities For those of you looking for wireless earbuds for gaming, the Airpods aren’t going to cut it (if you are playing competitive games). Sure, they will connect to your PC just as easily as any other Bluetooth device. However, you just lose the competitive edge in FPS games where footstep sound effects are crucial. Airpod Price and Where to Buy On Amazon the Apple Airpods Pro retail for $239, and the as of the writing of this article. You can also buy them directly on the Airpods 1st gen are just $137 Apple site. Angry Miao’s Cyberblade vs. the Apple Airpods Verdict I hope the comparison of the specs, pricing, and pros and cons of each device above helped you make your own verdict. But, here’s mine: If you want to keep your costs down, and multi-purpose general device, the Apple Airpods are your way to go. The Airpods 1st gen are less than half the price of the Cyberblade, and while they won’t help you become a pro gamer, they can connect to gaming devices, and both Apple and non-Apple products (albeit not as easily). If you are a tech connoisseur, and prefer to spend your money on hardware rather than fancy clothes, shoes, or designer furniture, the Cyberblade will make you look like a sci-fi character. The specs and features of the Cyberblade beat the Airpods in almost every category. They are good for competitive PC gaming, and have perhaps the coolest and sleekest design we’ve ever seen in a pair of wireless earbuds. And while they are much more expensive, at the end of the day who would you rather support with your cash? The billionaire tech conglomerate Apple, or this scrappy small team at Angry Miao putting their heart and soul into every design? I know my answer. What’s yours?

Angry Miao's Cyberblade vs. Apple Airpods: Battle of the Buds

is a very exciting feature of Apple devices with the help of which you can play your iOS content on any of the available Airplay compatible devices. With the feature of Apple Airplay, you can wirelessly cast audio, video, and more from your iPhone, iPad, or Mac to compatible smart TV provided that both devices are connected to the same Wi-Fi network. Apple Airplay Apple Airplay features work exactly the same as Google’s Chromecast. Not only you can cast content, but you can also use Airplay to mirror your device’s screen to mirror any random application that could be a website, a presentation, or any miscellaneous app. The current version of Apple Airplay is called Airplay 2.0 with noticeable features of multi-room audio, HomeKit integration, Siri voice commands, and a Control Center interface. Now here is the real question, “Does Google TV support Apple AirPlay?”. The answer is “Yes it does”. Now in order to Turn on Apple Airplay on Google TV, there are two methods. Both of them are mentioned below in detail. How to Turn on Apple Airplay on Google TV Pre-setup on Google TV to use AirplayFirst of all, connect the Google TV device to your smart TV via HDMI port. Then turn on both, your smart TV and Google TV. Make sure that both of these devices are connected to the same Wi-Fi network. Now press the “Source” button on your Google TV remote. Using Google TV remote, navigate to the Edit tab and then head to the source input. Here, select Airplay and then . AirPlay and HomeKit Settings Ensure that you have enabled the Airplay feature. That’s it, you have enabled Apple AirPlay on Google TV. Check Out: How to Fix Google Chromecast Not Showing Up How to Screen Mirror iOS devices to Google TV Once you enable AirPlay on your Google TV, it is very easy to mirror the screen of your iOS device on any smart TV. Make sure that you have connected your iOS device and Google TV to the same Wi-Fi network. Swipe down on your iPhone to access the control center. Then tap on screen mirroring. It will search for available devices, and select your Google TV from the list of available devices. Finally, your iOS device screen will be mirrored to your TV. Whatever activity you perform on your smartphone will be mirrored on your TV and hence you can watch it on a bigger screen. This is how you can turn on Apple Airplay on and then use it for mirroring your phone. Google TV How to AirPlay Mac to Google TVOnce you start your Mac, tap on the AirPlay icon near the menu bar.If you can’t locate Airplay, first enable it from the display . To turn on AirPlay from the display settings, go to > > . Additionally, don’t forget to check the “ ” option. settings System Preferences Displays Turn on Airplay Show mirroring options in the menu bar when available Once you have enabled Airplay, you will see a list of available devices. Select your device and then tap on it to connect. Any content you play on your Mac will be played on your Google TV. Conclusion This is truly an amazing feature because it doesn’t seem like a cold war between Google and Apple. You will enjoy using Apple AirPlay on Google TV because of the freedom to cast anything on your TV. If you are unable to connect to Apple AirPlay on Google TV, you must ensure that Google TV and iOS devices are updated to the latest versions for compatibility reasons. Also Published here

How to Setup Apple Airplay on a Google TV

In recent years NFTs have been gaining popularity at a rate that has taken many of us by surprise. The idea of a non-fungible token used to be a rather abstract concept. So much so that most could not comprehend them and therefore could not see their potential. This is still the case for a lot of people. However, projects are finding new and innovative use cases for NFTs that go beyond a Crypto Kitty or a pixelated image of a Crypto Punk. One such project is Browlser, a new type of web browser that puts NFTs to use. With Browlser, users can unlock features by purchasing NFTs, such as web scam protection, default search engines, and unlimited VPN, among many others. Innovative projects such as Browlser make NFTs feel more tangible to the masses, thus helping boost their adoption. Therefore, we at Crypto Multisender are proud to have helped the Browlser team automate the distribution of their NFTs for their referral system. So, you have the next great idea for an NFT and you're ready to launch. The only thing left to do is to distribute your NFT to all those hundreds/thousands of wallet addresses. There are two ways to do this. The first option is not so convenient, but we will highlight it here so that you can understand how NFT airdrops work under the hood. The first option - Code an NFT airdrop smart contract Just kidding. No need to write any code. You can copy the code from the example below and deploy it on whatever blockchain network you’re using, so long as the blockchain supports Solidity smart contracts. However, before you use it, here’s a brief explanation of how to use the airdrop NFT smart contract. At the beginning of the code, there are two abstract contracts. These will be used as an interface for interacting with any NFT that is either an ERC721 or ERC1155 token. Each interface only requires the contract address of the NFT that they will be interfacing with. This can be seen in the functions within the contract. In each function, the corresponding interfaces are initialised with the NFT contract address provided in the arguments of the and functions. NftMultisender erc721Airdrop erc1155Airdrop Moving on, you will also notice that the interfaces we have defined in the example above only contain one function each, the function. That is because that is the only function that we need to interact with on any NFT to distribute it. The airdrop functions simply invoke the function of the NFT many times within a single transaction. Therefore, in order to get this to work, you first have to inform the NFT smart contract that you will be authorising the above contract to automate the distribution of your NFT by invoking the function on your NFT contract. If you do not do this, the airdrop functions will fail to execute. After you have approved the multisender contract to automate the distribution of your NFT, the next step is to prepare your data as shown below. safeTransferFrom safeTransferFrom setApprovalForAll Using the ‘erc721Airdrop’ function This function takes 3 arguments. For the first argument, you must provide the contract address of the NFT you intend to airdrop. For the second argument, you need to pass the wallet addresses you will be airdropping your NFT to. Lastly, for the third argument, you need to provide the token IDs that you want the wallet addresses to receive, in the same order that the addresses are in the second argument.  For example, imagine these are your lists of wallet addresses and token IDs, , . In this example, address 0x1 will get the token with ID 1, 0x2 will get the token with ID 2, and so on. [“0x1”,“0x2”,“0x3”] [1,2,3] erc721Airdrop(addressOfNFT,[0x1,0x2,0x3],[1,2,3]); Using the ‘erc1155Airdrop‘ function This function takes 4 arguments. The first 3 arguments are the same as the arguments for the function. So that is the contract address of the NFT, the wallet addresses to send tokens to, and the corresponding IDs of the tokens that each address shall receive. However, for the 4th argument, you must provide the amounts of each NFT to send, because erc1155 tokens can be either semi-fungible or non-fungible. This is what the invocation of the function would look like. erc721Airdrop erc1155Airdrop(addressOfNFT,[0x1,0x2,0x3],[1,2,3],[200,50,1]); Pros Using this method would save you from having to pay any service fees. The airdrop functions in the code example are as simple as they can be. In other words, they are not computationally expensive to execute which means that they would require less gas (but not that much less) to execute compared to multisender platforms. Cons Using a smart contract without a user interface can be quite hard. Especially when having to pass such large arguments. Even when using Remix. You would have to manually find out yourself how many addresses you can airdrop your NFT to in a single batch. In an ideal world, you would be able to send your NFT to all wallet addresses in a single transaction. However, this is not possible because EVM blockchains have an upper gas limit allowed per transaction. So, if you have a list of 10,000 wallet addresses, you might have to split that list up into batches of 100 addresses, so 10 batches. The batch size depends on how much gas is required to transfer your NFT. No added error prevention that is usually provided by multisender DApps. The second option - Using Crypto Multisender Crypto Multisender streamlines the process of airdropping NFTs and you will not have to deal with any code. Our platform supports the following networks Ethereum, Binance Smart Chain, Fantom Opera, Avalanche C-Chain, Polygon Matic Chain and the Velas network, with more to come. So if your NFT is on one of these networks, simply visit the Crypto Multisender website, connect your wallet and select the network you want. The only thing you have to make sure of is that your wallet contains the NFT that you intend to airdrop and that you also have some funds in your wallet to cover the gas fees. How to airdrop ERC721 NFTs In order to airdrop your ERC721 NFT, you will need to prepare a list of wallet addresses and tokens identified by their IDs to send to each address. You can provide this list as a CSV or Excel file. Alternatively, you can manually input the list by copy-pasting the values in the section of the multisender. If you submit a spreadsheet file, then the format must be as shown below. Manual Entry Once you have provided your list, you will then need to select your NFT in the dropdown menu. If the dropdown menu is not present, then this means you will have to manually input the contract address of your NFT. Now you’re ready to proceed to the next steps which includes approving the Crypto Multisender smart contract to automate the distribution of your ERC721 NFT, and then submitting the airdrop. How to airdrop ERC1155 NFTs To get started airdropping your ERC1155 NFT, you need to prepare a list with all recipient addresses, the tokens each address will receive identified by their token IDs, and the amount of each token that each address will receive. Once again, you can provide your list as a CSV or Excel file. Alternatively, you can also copy-paste your list into the section of the multisender. Manual Entry Once you have provided your list, you can follow the same steps detailed for airdropping ER721 tokens. That is to authorise the Crypto Multisender smart contract to multisend your ERC1155 NFT and then submit your airdrop. Let’s summarise the process of how to airdrop NFTs Visit . cryptomultisender.com Select NFT to airdrop. Upload a spreadsheet in accordance with the . file submission guidelines Approve Crypto Multisender to automate the distribution of your NFT. Submit airdrop. Pros No need to handle any code. Our platform automatically splits your list into the largest possible batch sizes and prepares the transactions for you. Advanced error prevention and automated error correction. Simple and intuitive user interface. Automatic NFT detection for Ethereum, BSC, Fantom, Polygon, and Avalanche. Live chat support. Available with a  free trial. Distributing NFTs is just a 3-step process. (1) Prepare data & select token. (2) Authorise distribution. (3) Multisend! Cons Automatic token detection is not yet available for the Velas network, but we are working on it. For now, you can simply provide the contract address of your NFT and the rest of the process will be the same. No support for Solana, Cardano or TRON as of yet. Though it is planned to add support for these networks in the near future. Reasons you should use Crypto Multisender It’s simple really, we offer the best deals of any multisender on the market today. With Crypto Multisender, you can save up to 10x in service fees due to our . Other multisenders tend to charge a set fee per batch transfer, no matter how many addresses are contained within a batch. In many cases, the fee can be hundreds of dollars, even if a batch has just 10 addresses. However, with our pricing model, we charge a very small fee per wallet address in an airdrop. As a result, our multisender is the most cost-effective option for the launch of your NFT. fair and honest pricing model Another reason you should use Crypto Multisender is our exceptional customer service, which we pride ourselves in. Should you choose to use our platform to distribute your NFT, you can rest assured that you will receive live support from our team. We can help you with everything related to your airdrop, including technical assistance from our founder and developer, Zenos Pavlakou. Finally, the last reason is that we have over 4 years of experience in facilitating crypto airdrops. In fact, we were one of the very first multisenders to exist in 2018. We used to go by the name Dapple Airdrops, and since then we have helped hundreds of projects airdrop their token to over 2,300,000 happy airdrop recipients. Interested? Head over to our tool to give it a try, and don’t shy away from asking our team as many questions as you want. We are here to help and we do so gladly. NFT multisender

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