If you are here reading this article then you have come a long way in working with spreadsheets using Python. But if you are here directly then I would recommend you to go over of this article which will give you insight from the beginning on this topic. part 1 Here we will discuss use of the Python package for creating spreadsheets in the format. As I discussed in , that if you have lots of data to work with and many clients to report that data to, then knowing your way around both and (older and newer Microsoft Excel versions respectively) formats is a great skill that can come in handy lots of times. openpyxl .xlsx part 1 .xls .xlsx The package is a Python library for reading and writing Excel files_._ openpyxl 2010 xlsx/xlsm/xltx/xltm _Edit description_openpyxl.readthedocs.io openpyxl - A Python library to read/write Excel 2010 xlsx/xlsm files - openpyxl 2.4.2 documentation Yes, you read that right you can , and data using only one single package. You can install this package using the following command on terminal or command prompt (Prerequisite: must be installed on you system. For install instructions of visit this ). read write append pip pip link pip install openpyxl After the installation is complete, open the text editor to create a new file and give it any name you like; I am giving it the name . excelScript.py Inside the script write the following code: import openpyxl def main():book = openpyxl.Workbook()book.create_sheet('Sample Sheet')book.save('Sample.xlsx') if __name__ == '__main__':main() The code above creates a blank Excel file with the name , containing a single sheet named This was an example of file creation. Run this script by executing “Sample.xlsx” “Sheet 1”. .xlsx python excelScript.py on your command line. When you open this file you will see that instead of one there are two sheets created in the file. This happens because when you make an object of the method of the package, it creates a sheet called by default on calling that method. .xlsx Workbook() openpyxl “Sheet” If the sheet names don’t matter to your work then you can start using this sheet directly and you don’t need to create another sheet. If your work requires only the use of one sheet and you can start writing data directly to this sheet. Later, I will be showing you how to remove that default sheet from your file. To write data to Excel change the code to the following: Sheet .xlsx import openpyxl def main():book = openpyxl.Workbook()book.create_sheet('Sample') # Acquire a sheet by its name sheet = book.get\_sheet\_by\_name('Sample') # Writing to sheet sheet.cell(row=1, column=1).value = 'sample' book.save('Sample.xlsx') if __name__ == '__main__':main() The code above will write on the row and the column. Keep in mind that This way you can write into your Excel file and create as many sheets you like. Run the script above using “sample” 1st 1st openpyxl reads row and column indices starting from one. python excelScript.py in your command line. You can give it styling also. The following code shows you how to do so: import openpyxl def main():book = openpyxl.Workbook()book.create_sheet('Sample') # Acquire a sheet by its name sheet = book.get\_sheet\_by\_name('Sample') # Writing to sheet sheet.cell(row=1, column=1).value = 'sample' # To set alignment of text inside cell and text wrapping sheet.cell(row=1, column=1).alignment = openpyxl.styles.Alignment(horizontal='center', vertical='center', wrap\_text=True) # To make font bold or italic sheet.cell(row=1, column=1).font = openpyxl.styles.Font(bold=True, italic=True) book.save('Sample.xlsx') if __name__ == '__main__':main() This will write _“sample” o_n the row and column. It will be both horizontally and vertically center aligned. For information on more methods provided by you can read the documentation . 1st 1st openpyxl here You can also merge cells, just like we did , in . The following code shows how to achieve merged cells using : using [xlwt](https://medium.com/@i_tarun_gupta/380a120387f#.mi52gnqdu) openpyxl openpyxl import openpyxl def main():book = openpyxl.Workbook()book.create_sheet('Sample') # Acquire a sheet by its name sheet = book.get\_sheet\_by\_name('Sample') # Merging first 3 columns of 1st row sheet.merge\_cells('A1:C1') # Writing to sheet sheet.cell(row=1, column=1).value = 'sample' book.save('Sample.xlsx') if __name__ == '__main__':main() The code above demonstrates how to merge cells when you know the exact designations of the cells to merge. I knew the designation of the column of the row which is , and the designation of the column of the row which is . In this case, I merged them directly using the method of . 1st 1st A1 3rd 1st C1 merge_cells openpyxl This was of the methods to merge cells using . Here is the demonstration of the method: one two openpyxl 2nd import openpyxl def main():book = openpyxl.Workbook()book.create_sheet('Sample') # Acquire a sheet by its name sheet = book.get\_sheet\_by\_name('Sample') # Merging first 3 columns of 1st 3 rows r1 = 1 r2 = 3 c1 = 1 c2 = 3 sheet.merge\_cells(start\_row=r1, start\_column=c1, end\_row=r2, end\_column=c2) # Writing to sheet sheet.cell(row=1, column=1).value = 'sample' book.save('Sample.xlsx') if __name__ == '__main__':main() This method comes in handy when data is written dynamically to the Excel file. If you are not sure of the exact designations of the cells to merge then you can use this method. This will merge the columns of rows and make it into a single cell. 1st three 1st three When merging cells always keep in mind that you need to write the value into the first column of the merged cell otherwise the value will not reflect in the excel file. You can still apply styling to a merged cell in the same way demonstrated. Now coming to the part of deleting that extra sheet that is created by default on calling the method of . This is how it can be done: Workbook() openpyxl import openpyxl def main():book = openpyxl.Workbook() book.create\_sheet('Sample') extraSheet = book.get\_sheet\_by\_name('Sheet') book.remove\_sheet(extraSheet) book.save('Sample.xlsx') if __name__ == '__main__':main() Here we acquired the sheet named in object form using method and stored in the variable and then removed the sheet by calling the method on the variable. “Sheet” get_sheet_by_name() extraSheet remove_sheet() extraSheet This was all about creating a new file, writing to it, merging cells, and styling it. Now, you might be wondering how to read and append data into file using . .xlsx .xlsx openpyxl First of all let’s look at reading an file using . Just as writing, you can use to open an existing workbook: .xlsx openpyxl openpyxl.load_workbook() import openpyxl def main():book = openpyxl.load_workbook('Sample.xlsx') book**.**get_sheet_names()# ['Sheet2', 'New Title', 'Sheet1'] print # Get a sheet to read sheet = book.get\_sheet\_by\_name('Sheet1') # No of written Rows in sheet r = sheet.max\_row # No of written Columns in sheet c = sheet.max\_column # Reading each cell in excel for i in xrange(1, r+1): for j in xrange(1, c+1): print sheet.cell(row=i, column=j).value if __name__ == '__main__':main() The code above will print all the written cells in the Excel file. The loop starts from instead of because starts indexing from . for 1 0 openpyxl 1 You can also read cells using the designations of the cells: # prints 1st row, 1st column directlyprint sheet['A1'] # get a range of cellscells = sheet['A1:C1'] for cell in cells[0]:print cell.value I selected because creates a tuple of tuple and all the cell objects are stored at index of the tuple hence, . cells[0] sheet['A1:C1'] oth cells[0] Finally, let’s see how to append data to file. The following code demonstrates this process: .xlsx import openpyxl def main():book = openpyxl.load_workbook('Sample.xlsx')sheet = book.get_sheet_by_name('Sample') sheet.cell(row=5, column=1).value = 'Appended Data' book.save('Sample.xlsx') if __name__ == '__main__':main() The process is very simple indeed. I just loaded the existing file into an object and saved it into variable by calling the method on file. I then grabbed the sheet by calling the method on the book object. .xlsx book load_workbook() “Sample.xlsx” “Sample” get_sheet_by_name() Now, I can simply start appending data to the sheet in the same way when creating a new file. All those methods that are available at the time of creation of file are available now. Finally, when you are done writing data to the file don't forget to save the file by calling the method. save() Additionally, don’t forget to use a code beautifier when coding and try to follow PEP8 standards to make the code more readable. Use PyLint before going live. This will help you maintain a coding standard in your project. The journey does not end here. This was just the basics of how to read, write and append data to or files. You should explore these packages more and make your algorithms according to your requirements depending on the form in which you want your data to be represented inside Excel. .xls .xlsx Thanks for reading! 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