This setup wouldn’t have been possible without Lee Wei Yeong ’s Linux know-how and patient guidance. Appreciate Wing Tai for letting me on his eGPU setups before thunderbolt 3 on eGPUs were a thing. Motivation At work, colleagues and I that houses a few graphics cards for computational work like for our research. remotely access a shared workstation training deep neural networks making feel for workflows. Images and videos are relatively large objects, remote access cumbersome some X11 forwarding, remote desktops, apps with browser interfaces, and repetitively transferring images over winSCP did satisfy. not Thus, I’ve set up an . (But I’d still push large jobs to the shared workstation once I’ve figured out, on my laptop, the tasks to be pushed.) external graphics card with a laptop to avoid remote access for certain tasks An lets me … external graphics card + laptop combo … — in office, and on commutes. Plug in external graphics card as needed in the office. work on the same laptop everywhere … . Carry graphics card & laptop, versus, carry desktop with (perhaps several) graphics cards, to deployment sites. carry a lighter load … (e.g. code, datasets) between an office desktop & laptop had I opted for such a setup. avoid separating/syncing content Sections that follow detail my experience in setting up an external Nvidia TITAN X card with a laptop on Ubuntu 16.04. Core ideas in these sections also apply for externally connecting other Nvidia graphics card with an Ubuntu machine. Recipe **Ingredient List:**- Lenovo X1 Carbon 5th gen - Akitio Node - Ubuntu 16.04 (64-bit)- Nvidia GeForce GTX TITAN X graphics card- - (Supports Thunderbolt 3) (External GPU case to mount TITAN X in. Supports Thunderbolt 3) NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64–384.90.run cuda_9.0.176_384.81_linux.run (Optional. Sometimes used in code that pushes computation to Nvidia graphics cards.) . For instance, does the laptop have a port that is compatible with what the external GPU case offers? The Akitio Node is connected to my Lenovo X1 Carbon via a Thunderbolt 3 connection. Should you be eyeing different hardware, remember to check for compatibility Instructions I began with installation. fresh Ubuntu 16.04 If you aren’t starting with a fresh Ubuntu install: Be on the lookout for carelessness. An example is having multiple display managers installed and not stopping all of them before driver installation. Although I’ve included reminders in this recipe for those not using a fresh Ubuntu installation, it’s a good idea to be on the lookout. You might like to back up before starting. Let’s begin. Preliminaries Connect the TITAN X to the Akitio Node. Secure the TITAN X in place with the provided screws to avoid the card’s connection loosening when the case is moved around. Remember to connect the TITAN X to the Akitio Node’s power supply unit (PSU). Power up the Akitio Node. The casing’s fan should be gently turning. Turn on Lenovo X1. Get it to Ubuntu’s login screen before connecting it to the Akitio Node (via Thunderbolt 3). Check whether TITAN X can be recognized:Open terminal (default shortcut ctrl+alt+t). Newcomers to Ubuntu: enter the following commands one at a time in the terminal. Omit ‘$’. $ sudo sh -c 'echo 1 > /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/0-3/authorized'$ lspci | grep -i nvidia If the Nvidia GPU can be read, the console should print something like the following screenshot. is the TITAN X. “VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation Device …” Using different hardware? Your eGPU may not be “device 0-3” Look in the directories under /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/*whatever* for vendor_name and device_name to ascertain your eGPU’s path. Upgrade kernel: $ sudo apt-get update$ sudo apt-get upgrade Mine was upgraded to .Running lets you see your kernel version. 4.13.0-43-generic $uname -r Install packages needed for compiling the Nvidia driver later: $ sudo apt-get install gcc build-essential$ sudo apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r) linux-images-$(uname -r) linux-image-extra-$(uname -r) Install Nvidia Driver Not on a freshly installed Ubuntu? Uninstall existing Nvidia drivers. If apt is managing your installed Nvidia driver, run $sudo apt-get purge nvidia* . Forcibly installing over an existing Nvidia driver may cause issues. Download . NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64–384.90.run Blacklist Nouveau: Nouveau is an open source Nvidia driver that Ubuntu 16.04 ships with by default. Blacklisting Nouveau is required for the guided Nvidia installation later. Here’s how to blacklist it. $ sudo touch /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-nouveau.conf Write these 2 lines into blacklist-nouveau.conf: blacklist nouveauoptions nouveau modeset=0 Now we’ll update the configuration files for the boot process and reboot: $ sudo update-initramfs -u$ sudo update-grub$ reboot After rebooting, check if nouveau is indeed blacklisted. Running the following command should print nothing. $ lsmod | grep -i nouveau _lsmod_ shows loaded modules. If Nouveau shows up at this stage, check for typos in the blacklisting steps above. (Accidentally spelt it “noveau” once haha) Remember to “update-initramfs -u”, “update-grub”, and reboot after correcting typos. Log out. At the login screen, press ctrl+alt+F2 to get to a terminal (a black screen asking for you to log in). If ctrl+alt+F2 doesn’t work, try ctrl+alt+F3, try ctrl+alt+F4, … until you arrive at a black screen. Log in by entering your username first, and then your password. We’ll forgo the fancy graphical desktop temporarily and use this terminal. Stop the display manager that’s rendering the graphical desktop: $ sudo service lightdm stop$ service --status-all | grep -i lightdm The last command should print “[-] lightdm”. “[-]” means not running. Running shows the status of all services. “[+]” means running. $ service --status-all For fun: try going back to the graphical login screen (probably ctrl+alt+F1), you shouldn’t be able to see one. Not on Ubuntu or did not begin with a freshly installed Ubuntu? Your display manager may not be lightdm. Possibilities: sddm, gdm, gdm3, etc. According to Nvidia, OpenGL applications must be stopped too. If you’re on a freshly installed Ubuntu like me, nothing to do here. Moving on… Drop runlevel: $ sudo init 3 Let the OS recognize the TITAN X (same as the steps in section): Preliminaries $ sudo sh -c 'echo 1 > /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/0-3/authorized'$ lspci | grep -i nvidia NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64–384.90.run needs one small change before it’ll compile. We’ll now proceed to add 1 line to a source code file in there. Extract the .run file: $ cd /path/to/NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64–384.90.run$ NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64–384.90.run -x$ cd NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64–384.90 Add “#include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>” to NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64–384.90/kernel/nvidia-uvm/uvm8_va_block.c . This line tells the C compiler to include a linux header. Compilation undertaken by the installer (later) will fail in the absence of this line. Here’s a screenshot with the added line highlighted: Add “#include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>” to NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64–384.90/kernel/nvidia-uvm/uvm8_va_block.c “vim” and “nano” are editors that can be used in the terminal. It’s ok to take longer than you thought at this stage especially if you’re new to this. When you’re done, let’s return to the root of this archive, and launch the installer. $ cd /path/to/NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64–384.90$ sudo nvidia-installer --no-opengl-files is recommended by Nvidia when the GPU is solely intended for computation — like in my use-case. --no-opengl-files Caution: To those who wish to install without _--no-opengl-files_ , I have not tried this. The installer will prompt you with options. Here are my choices:- pre-install script fail? Answer: Continue.- DKMS? Answer: No.- 32-bit? Answer: Yes. - configure X? Answer: No. Answering no shouldn’t cause the installation to break Do not answer yes if GPU is solely for computation. When the installation is done, let’s check if it went well: $ modprobe nvidia$ nvidia-smi should print something like: nvidia-smi Output of nvidia-smi Reboot: $ reboot For the Akitio Node, every time you log in, you’ll have to do 2 things before the GPU can be used:(i) (ii) $ sudo sh -c 'echo 1 > /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/0-3/authorized' $ modprobe nvidia Psst.. create a script to do these automatically upon logging in. Congrats. You‘ve successfully installed a Nvidia driver. Ubuntu can now read your TITAN X. Install CUDA (Optional) CUDA may come in handy for tasking computations on GPUs. Download . cuda_9.0.176_384.81_linux.run Let the OS recognize the TITAN X: $ sudo sh -c 'echo 1 > /sys/bus/thunderbolt/devices/0-3/authorized' Blacklist Nouveau . Details in earlier part of this article. if you haven’t done so Stop lightdm. . Details in earlier part. $ sudo service lightdm stop Drop runlevel. . Details in earlier part. $ sudo init 3 $ cd /path/to/cuda_9.0.176_384.81_linux.run$ chmod +x cuda_9.0.176_384.81_linux.run$ sudo cuda_9.0.176_384.81_linux.run The installer will prompt you with options. Here are my choices:- license agreement? Press ‘q’ once to scroll to end quickly. Enter “accept” to accept.- Install Nvidia driver? No. Because we already did this earlier.- Install cuda 9.0 toolkit? Yes.- Install toolkit location? Default- Install symbolic link? Yes- Install samples? Yes- Sample location? Default. Nearing the end of this installation, you might be shown a message saying “WARNING Incomplete Installation … A driver of version of at least 384.00 is required for CUDA 9.0 functionality to work.” This is a problem. We’re fine. not Check installation: $ cd /usr/local/cuda-9.0/samples/1_Utilities/deviceQuery$ sudo make all$ ./deviceQuery should print something like: deviceQuery output of deviceQuery And… we’re done! Congrats on making it this far. Hurray Food for thought:Some workflows involving a remotely accessed machine and relative large objects can still feel natural. For e.g., quantitatively benchmarking a trained neural net. An eGPU + laptop setup might not improve your workflow.
