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Online Information of Vaccines: Table 2. Percentage of Vaccine-negative Webpages in Different SERPsby@browserology
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Online Information of Vaccines: Table 2. Percentage of Vaccine-negative Webpages in Different SERPs

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This study investigates the relationship between search engines’ approach to privacy and the scientific quality of the information they return.
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This paper is available on arxiv under CC 4.0 license.

Authors:

(1) Pietro Ghezzi, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, UK;

(2) Peter G Bannister, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, UK;

(3) Gonzalo Casino, Communication Department, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain and Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Barcelona, Spain;

(4) Alessia Catalani, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy;

(5) Michel Goldman, Institute for Interdisciplinary Innovation in healthcare (I3h), Université libre de Bruxelles;

(6) Jessica Morley, Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;

(7) Marie Neunez, Institute for Interdisciplinary Innovation in healthcare (I3h), Université libre de Bruxelles;

(8) Andreu Prados, Communication Department, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain, Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy, Institute for Interdisciplinary Innovation in healthcare (I3h), Université libre de Bruxelles, Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, and Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain;

(9) Mariarosaria Taddeo, Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain, and The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK;

(10) Tania Vanzolini, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, PU, Italy;

(11) Luciano Floridi, Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain, and The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK.


Table 2. Percentage of vaccine-negative webpages in different SERPs


Total of 30 webpages for each SERP. Cells are colour coded: median (20%), yellow; maximum (53%), red; minimum (0%), green. *Significantly different from Google.com by two-tailed Fisher’s test corrected for multiple comparison using the method of Benjamini, Krieger and Yekutieli at a false discovery rate of 5%. #significantly different from the localized version of Google.


Figure 1. Stance on vaccines in webpages returned by different search engines in four languages. The top 30 webpages returned in the SERPs are shown. Green, vaccine-positive, yellow, vaccine-neutral, red, vaccine-negative.


Figure 2.Overlaps among different SERPs


Figure 3. A summary of the different aspects of search engines ranking and their relationship.