
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 AbatJohnI: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Shengyu Tao Ruifei Ma Zixi Zhao Guangyuan Ma Lin Su Heng Chang Yuou Chen Haizhou Liu Zheng Liang Tingwei Cao Haocheng Ji Zhiyuan Han Minyan Lu Huixiong Yang Zongguo Wen Jianhua Yao Rong Yu Guodan Wei Yang Li Xuan Zhang Tingyang Xu Guangmin Zhou Isishwankathelo Ukubala ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo imeko yempilo (SOH) yebhetri ekwisiphelo sobomi kubalulekile njengolungiselelo lokuqala lokusetyenziswa kwakhona kunye nokurisayikilisha. Nangona kunjalo, iindlela eziqhubela phambili idatha zifuna ukucocwa kwedatha ngokupheleleyo phantsi kweemeko ezithile zeSOH kunye ne-state of charge (SOC) zokupheliswa kobomi. Apha, sibonisa ukuba ukubala iSOH okuncediswe ngemveliso yokufunda kunokuba luncedo ekukhululeni imingeni yokunqongophala kwedatha kunye nokungafaniyo, okuqinisekiswe ngedatha yokutofwa kwempembelelo ye-2700 yeenqhelekileyo zebhetri ilithiyamu-ion, equka iintlobo ezi-3 zezinto zekathoda, iifomathi ezi-3 zomzimba, uyilo olunye lwamandla, kunye nemisebenzi yomlando emi-4 kunye namazinga eli-10 e-SOC. Kusetyenziswa idatha eyenziweyo, umntu oqikelelayo ufezekisa ukubala okuchanekileyo kwe-SOH, kunye neempazamo ezingaphantsi kwe-6% phantsi kwe-SOC engaziwayo. Siyaxela ukuba ngokuba ukusetyenziswa ngokufanayo kobuchwepheshe obucokisekileyo, oku kungagcina i-4.9 yezigidigidi zeedola ngeendleko zamandla ombane kunye ne-35.8 yezigidi yeekhilogram ze-CO2 ezikhutshwayo ngokunciphisa iindleko zokucocwa kwedatha kwisimo sehlabathi sokupheliswa kwebhetri ka-2030. Eli phepha ligxininisa ukusebenzisa idatha elinganiselweyo ukuhlola indawo enkulu yedatha kusetyenziswa iindlela zemveliso, ekubeni idatha ingathatha ixesha, ibize kakhulu, kwaye ingcolise ukuyifumana kwiinkonzo ezininzi zokubala kunye nokulindela.  Intshayelelo Ukusetyenziswa kombane kwezokuhamba, icandelo elibalulekileyo ekuguqukeni kwemithombo yamandla ephantsi-carbon , ziye zatshintsha ngokungenamzekelo imeko yezothutho esekwe kwifosili. Iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zibalulekile kule nguquko ngokubonelela ngamandla afikelelekayo, axhathisayo, kwaye aphephile kwiimoto zombane (EVs) , . Amandla apheleleyo eenqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo kunye nezo ziphelileyo zobomi ze-EVs azodlula i-32–62 i-terrawatt ngo-2050, iphezulu kakhulu kunobalo oluvela kwi-International Renewable Energy Agency kunye ne-Storage Lab scenarios . Nangona kunjalo, iibhetri ze-EV eziphelileyo zilawulwa kakhulu ngexabiso elikhulu lesenqwanana eliseleyo elingasetyenziswanga, ngokubanzi ngaphezu kwe-80% yenqwanana elingaphandle , . Ukuba aziphathwanga ngokufanelekileyo, kubangela imithwalo yezoqoqosho  yabavelisi kunye nabasebenzisi, kunye nemiba ebambekayo kwindalo kunye noluntu , kubandakanywa inkunkuma yezixhobo, iingozi zokubonelela, kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni , , . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Iindlela ezinokubonelela ukujongana neengxaki malunga nokwanda okungazinzanga kokupheliswa kwebhetri zizinto ezifana nokusetyenziswa kwakhona , ,  kunye nokurisayikilisha . Kokusetyenziswa kwakhona, iibhetri eziphelileyo ziphinda zisetyenziselwe izicelo ezifana neenkqubo zokugcina amandla ezixhunyiwe kwinethiwekhi , izixhobo zamandla ezindlweni , kunye neenqwelo ezicotha kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kufuna izinto zokulungisa zangaphambili, kubandakanywa ukuhlolwa okungaguquguqukiyo , ukuhlela amandla , kunye nokudibanisa kwakhona ,  ukudibana neemfuno zesicelo . Ngaphandle kokuqaliswa kwezicwangciso zovavanyo , , , ukungabikho kweemilinganiselo engqongqo yezimo zokusetyenziswa kunye neendlela zokupheliswa kobomi kuthintela ukusetyenziswa okungqongqo kwenqwanana eliseleyo . Ukurisayikilisha kuthatha ngokungafaniyo amaxabiso aseleko eenqhelekileyo ezivelisiweyo ngokukhupha izinto okanye ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo , , ilungele iibhetri ezonakaliswe ngokusisigxina. Kuthelekiswa ne-pyrometallurgy kunye ne-hydrometallurgy , , ukurisayikilisha ngqo kubonakala ngcono ngoncomeko, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphantsi, kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni okuncitshisiweyo , , . Ukusebenzisa ukubuyiselwa kwelithiyam kunye nokucubungulwa kwemathiriyeli yekathoda, ukurisayikilisha ngqo kufikelela ukulungiswa okusebenzayo kwesakhiwo sezinto, kunye nokubuyiselwa kwentsebenzo . Nangona kunjalo, imeko yempilo (SOH) ichaza i-reagent yeekhemikhali edingekayo kunye namazinga okufuneka adingeke kwilithiyam ekubunjweni kwesicwangciso sokurisayikilisha ngqo , , . Ukungonelanga kwamanani anikwayo kunokubangela ukulungiswa okungapheleleyo, ngelixa ukugqithisa kunokubangela ukubunjwa kwe-alkali eseleyo kwindawo yekathoda, kubonakalise ukubuyiselwa kwentsebenzo , . Ngelishwa, ukufunyanwa kwe-SOH kufuna ukuhlolwa kwezinto ezinokungena ,  kunye neevavanyo ezinde zokulinganisa amandla, ukufunyanwa kwe-SOH okungangeni, ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokuzinzileyo kuhlala kungumngeni obalulekileyo. 6 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 26 27 30 31 32 33 34 27 35 36 37 Ukukhusela ulwazi olungaguquguqukiyo lwe-SOH, iibhetri ze-EV ziyalandelelwa, kwaye idatha yokusebenza iirekhodwe ngezikhululo zamafu  kunye neepasi zebhetri . IPhalamende yaseYurophu yamkela iBhili yeBhetri ngoJuni 14, 2023, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iibhetri eziphelileyo zingasetyenziswa kwakhona, zilungiswe, okanye zirisayikiliswe xa sele zophela ubomi benkonzo . Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yokulandelela kunye nerekhodi ifumaneka kuphela kwisigaba senkonzo ye-EV, iibhetri eziphelileyo azisaxhunyiwe kwiyunithi yokubeka iliso ngaphakathi kwimoto. Ke ngoko, kunzima ukufumana idatha ye-SOH efumaneka kusetyenziso. Ubuqhetseba bedatha yobomi bubalulekile, ibiza ukubalwa kwe-SOH kusetyenziswa idatha yesiqhelo kuphela, ngokuchaseneyo nedatha yembali okanye phantsi kweemeko ezilawulekayo , , . Isisombululo esinye kukwenza uvavanyo lokulinganisa amandla kwindawo yokuqokelela iibhetri ezivelisiweyo, oko kukuthi, ukulungiswa kwe-SOC, ekulula, nangona kunjalo, kufuna ixesha elingakwaziyo ukuhlawulwa kunye neendleko ezongezelelweyo zamandla ombane. Uvavanyo lokuchaza amandla emipele ejongana nokufakwa kwempembelelo, kodwa inkqubo epheleleyo yovavanyo ithatha ngaphezu kweeyure ezili-12. U-Tao nabanye basebenzise imipele emfutshane yokubala i-SOH yeenqhelekileyo ezivelisiweyo, ngokubeka ingqalelo ukuba ukulungiswa kwe-SOC ukuya kwi-5% ye-SOC kwenziwa, nto leyo ebengayihambelani neemeko zokupheliswa kwe-SOC ngokungafaniyo . Ukuqhubela phambili kwemilinganiselo esekwe kusensini kubandakanya imifanekiso ye-X-ray , i-impedance ye-electrochemical , , ukuchubeka kwefayibha yokukhanya , , ukuchubeka kwe-acoustic , , ukutshaja okuyinxenye , , kunye nokutofwa kwempembelelo , . Iindlela ezisekelwe kusensini zikwindawo yelabhoratri ngenxa yokungena, ngelixa ukutofwa kwempembelelo kubonisa ukudibanisa ukulungiswa kwebhetri ngaphandle kokulimala komzimba, ngexesha elifanayo ngokukhawuleza kunokutshaja okuyinxenye kunye neendlela ezisekelwe kwi-impedance ye-electrochemical , , , , , . Nangona kunjalo, ukutofwa kwempembelelo yindlela engoqeqesho idatha efaneleka kuphela phantsi kobungqangi bokuba idatha yomlinganiso womzimba ifaka iimeko zokupheliswa kobomi kwesigaba sokusetyenziswa komsebenzi, eyaziwa njengengxaki eqhelekileyo yokuhambelana kommandla kuluntu lokufunda umatshini. Ngaphandle kokuqhubela phambili kokufunda ngokudlulisa kunye neendlela zokulungisa ummandla , , , imingeni ihlala ikhona kuba ummandla ojolwe kuwo ukulungelelanisa usafuna ulwazi lwangaphambili xa usetyenziswa, kwaye iindlela zokufunda ezikhoyo azinakuhlaziywa ngeemeko ezingafaniyo zokupheliswa kobomi . Enye indlela kukwandisa isikali sovavanyo lwedatha phantsi kweemeko ezingachazwanga ukunciphisa ukunqongophala kwedatha kunye nokungafaniyo ngelixa kunokubangela ukwanda kweendleko. U-Wang nabanye bacele indlela yokukhupha ubushushu yokuthelekisa iinketho zokubala inkqubo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zangaphakathi ngexesha lenkqubo ye-thermochemical, evumela ukwakhiwa kweendawo zokulungisa idatha ezibanzi ngesikali esincinci sovavanyo lwe-thermochemical kunye neendleko njengokwandiswa kwedatha kulungiselelo lomsebenzi womatshini wokufunda . Ngaphezu koko, ukufunda ngezimveliso kubonisa amathuba okubala i-SOH ngedatha eyandisiweyo evela kwii-profiles ezijikeleze izihlandlo ezithile, kugcinwe idatha efunekayo efunyenwe ngokwasPhysical. , . Nangona kunjalo, ukunqongophala kwedatha kunye nokungafaniyo kwim context yokusetyenziswa nokurisayikilisha kwebhetri kubucala ngakumbi ngenxa yodibaniso lweentlobo zezinto zekathoda, iifomathi zomzimba, uyilo lwamandla, kunye nemisebenzi yomlando, kuthintela ukudibanisa okunokwenzeka kolwazi lweemeko ezithile zokukhangela kwiinkqubo zokufunda umatshini. Ke ngoko, kuyamkeleka ukucinga ngobudlelwane bokuxhomekeka phakathi kweemeko zokupheliswa kobomi kunye nezimpendulo zempembelelo yokutofwa ukuze kwenziwe idatha, kungabikho mgqibelo ixesha elide lokulinganisa amandla kunye novavanyo olongezelelweyo lomzimba ngexesha elifanayo, ukonyusa intsebenzo yokubala kwe-SOH. 38 24 39 30 40 41 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 17 41 17 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 Kwesi sifundo, senza ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kwebhetri ephelileyo, oko kukuthi, ukubala i-SOH, kusetyenziswa idatha yempendulo yempembelelo yempembelelo eyenziwe yi-autoencoder ethatha ingqalelo kwi-time nakwi-cost yomlinganiso womzimba ogciniweyo. Inkqubo ephezulu yeenqanaba ezisisiseko zokulungiswa kwangaphambili, ukuhlanganiswa komodeli yemveliso, kunye neenqanaba zokusetyenziswa komsebenzi ziphicothwe kwiFig. 1. Ingcamango yophando kukusebenzisa imveliso yokufunda ukuze kuxhatshazwe idatha sele ilinganyiweyo ukuze kuxhatshazwe iimpendulo zempembelelo zokutofwa kwiimeko ezingapheliyo zokupheliswa kobomi, oko kukuthi, ukwahlulwa kwe-SOC kwisigaba sokuqokelela ibhetri ephelileyo. Ukubala kwe-SOH eyongezelelweyo yenziwa ngaphandle kwedatha yempendulo yempembelelo yomzimba, kugcinwe iindleko zamandla ombane zokulungiswa kwangaphambili kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni okungabikho ngenxa yokulungiswa kwe-SOC ukuya kwinqanaba elifunwayo. Kuthelekiswa nendlela ye-ampere-hour integral kunye ne-machine-learning pulse injection, imveliso yemveliso ibalisa isantya sokuyila esikhawulezayo kunye nokubala okuchanekileyo. Ngedatha eyenziweyo, umntu oqikelelayo olula ubalela i-SOH ngempazamo encinci phantsi kweemeko zokupheliswa kobomi ezingaziwayo okanye ezingafumaneki kwidatha, umcimbi onzima ongengowommandla ongaphaya komda (OOD). Umcimbi we-OOD usonjululwe ngokufunda umzekelo womzimba osele ulungile phakathi kwe-SOC condition kunye nempendulo yempembelelo ebangela impembelelo ekhawulezileyo. Sibonisa ukubanzi kobuchwepheshe bethu ngokuvunywa ngeezampulu ezingama-2700 ezilinganisiweyo zomzimba, zibandakanya iintlobo ezi-3 zezinto zekathoda, iifomathi zomzimba ezi-3, iikwamanzi ezi-4 zokuyila, kunye nemisebenzi yomlando emi-4 (ubudala obukhawulezayo belabhoratri, ukukhutshwa kwe-EV yebhetri ecocekileyo, kunye neendlela ezi-2 zokukhutshwa kwe-EV yedidi) . Ukufunda ngezimveliso kulungele ukuthelekisa kunye nokwandisa ngokudibanisa ulwazi lwangaphambili lweemeko zokupheliswa kobomi kwisikali sendawo yokugcina i-latent yesi model, kugcinwe ixesha lokulinganisa, iindleko zamandla ombane, kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni okulandelayo ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukuchaneka kokubala kwe-SOH. Uphononongo lwehlabathi olugcinayo lwesimo sehlabathi sokupheliswa kwebhetri ka-2030 lubalasele ukubaluleka kokubala okukhawulezileyo kunye nokuzinzileyo kwe-SOH kwimicimbi ye-pyrometallurgical, i-hydrometallurgical, kunye nokurisayikilisha ngqo. Ngoluhlolo lobuchwepheshe-ezincoma, ukubala kwe-SOH okuncediswe yimveliso yokufunda kungagcina i-$4.9 yezigidigidi zeendleko zamandla ombane kunye ne-35.8 yezigidi zeekhilogram ze-CO2 ezikhutshwayo ngo-2030 kwihlabathi jikelele. Siyixoxe ukuchazwa komodeli, iziphumo zokulungiswa kwangaphambili kokurisayikilisha, kunye nemiba ebanzi yezikhetho zangaphambili zokurisayikilisha ezihlakaniphile ezidibene nokufunda umatshini.     Iinkqubo zokulungiswa kwangaphambili kwebhetri ezivelisiweyo zibandakanya ukulungiswa kwe-SOC, imilinganiselo yomzimba, ukufunda umatshini kwidiyagnostikhi ye-SOH, kunye nenkqubo yesibini yokwenza izigqibo phambi kokusetyenziswa kwakhona okanye ukurisayikilisha. Ukulungiswa kwe-SOC kuthetha ukulungelelanisa amanqanaba e-SOC eenqhelekileyo ezivelisiweyo kwiinqanaba ezifunwayo kusetyenziswa indlela yendalo yokutshaja ngokoqeqesho yangoku (CCCV).   I-schematic ye-autoencoder ethatha ingqalelo yokuyila idatha yempendulo yempembelelo yempembelelo.   Ukusetyenziswa komsebenzi komodeli yokuyila idatha yokubala i-SOH kufuna ukuba kungabikho kulungiswa kwe-SOC eyongezelelweyo. Imoweli yoqeqesho yoomatshini ifunyenwe yidatha eyenziweyo kwaye ifumana iimpendulo zempembelelo zempembelelo ezikhawulezileyo xa ikwisigaba sokusetyenziswa.    >Izibonelelo zezoqoqosho kunye nezezinto eziphilayo kunye nesantya esikhawulezileyo sokuyila sobuchwepheshe bethu obusekelwe kwimveliso yokufunda ngokugcina iindleko zokulungiswa kwe-SOC kwisigaba sokupheliswa kwebhetri ka-2030 kwihlabathi jikelele.  a b c d Iziphumo Ukufunyanwa kwedatha Ukunqongophala kwedatha nokungafaniyo yimiba emikhulu kwidatha eqhutywa yidatha yokubala kunye nokuhlola ubomi bebhetri, ngakumbi kwiibhetri ezivelisiweyo. Siqokelele izampulu ezingama-2700 kwiibhetri ezingama-270 ezivelisiweyo zomzimba kwiindawo ezibanzi ze-SOC, oko kukuthi, ukusuka kuma-5% ukuya kuma-50% kunye ne-5% yeg

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