Asinguwe; I-Big Chunk yokuba nguMgangatho woQinisekiso kukuPhuma kweSiphene

Inxalenye enkulu yokuba yi-QA sisiphene sasekuhlaleni.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, ubuchule bokuyila uvavanyo businceda ukuba sikhethe iimeko zovavanyo kwaye senze izinto zisebenze ngakumbi. Kodwa yintoni kanye kanye indawo yesiphene, kwaye singayenza njani ukuba ingabi buhlungu?

Masiqale ngezinto ezisisiseko

Ukwenziwa kwasekhaya kufana nokudlala umcuphi: "Izinto zihambe kakubi phi kwaye nini?" Ngaphandle kwendawo efanelekileyo, isiphene sinokuba yitapile eshushu ephoswe phakathi kwe-frontend, i-backend, kunye naliphi na iqela lophuhliso. Ixesha liyachithwa, kwaye, ngokunokwenzeka, kunye nomxholo.

Cinga ngokwenziwa kwendawo yesiphene njengokujonga i-labyrinth, kunye nezicelo zesicelo kunye neelog njengebhola yakho yomsonto. Kodwa ngaba bekungayi kuba lula ukuba nemephu yale labyrinth, kwanaleyo ingumzobo, endaweni yokusuka nje ukhubeke ngomsonto? Kulapho i-architecture yesicelo ingena khona.

Yintoni ulwakhiwo lwesicelo?

Yindlela amacandelo ahlukeneyo enkqubo asebenza ngayo kunye. Ngokwesikweko sethu se-labyrinth, yindlela elinye icandelo elinxibelelana ngayo kwelinye, iindlela ezikhokelela phi.

Ndahlula izakhiwo ezimbini eziphambili: i-server-server kunye ne-backend.

• Uyilo lwe-Client-server lusibonisa indlela umxhasi kunye nomncedisi abanxibelelana ngayo.
• I-backend architecture imisela indlela i-backend eziphatha ngayo izicelo zabaxhasi.

Amagama ambalwa malunga noyilo lwe-server-server

Kukho iindidi ezimbini ngokubanzi:

• Umxhasi obhityileyo
• Umxhasi otyebileyo

Uhlobo luchaphazela ukuba lungakanani ulwazi umxhasi alugcinayo kunye neenkqubo zodwa. Kukho ezinye iindlela zokuseta oku, kodwa ndiya kubambelela koko ndisebenze ngako.

Uninzi lwee-apps eziphathwayo kunye newebhu ngabathengi abancinci. Lonke ulwazi lugcinwe kumncedisi, kwaye isicelo somthengi sicela idatha okanye sicele ukuba iqhutywe. Ukubhalisa, ukungena ngemvume, ukubhalisa kwizaziso - zonke ezi ziifowuni kumncedisi. Yonke inkqubo kumncedisi ifihliwe kumxhasi. Ekuphenduleni isicelo, umxhasi ufumana ulwazi oluqokelelweyo kunye nolucwangcisiweyo olusuka kwisiseko sedatha okanye isiqinisekiso sokuba isicelo sigqitywe ngempumelelo.

Kwizicelo ezishinyeneyo zabathengi, umxhasi wenza uninzi lwenkqubo ngokwayo: ukongeza idatha kwisiseko sedatha, ukuvelisa iingxelo, ukubala iimali, kunye nokudala amaxwebhu. Zihlala zifakwe kwindawo, kodwa kungekhona rhoqo. Imizekelo yabathengi abatyebileyo ibandakanya imidlalo engaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi, i-AutoCAD, kunye nezinye iinguqulelo ze-1C.

Ngoku, makhe sihlolisise i-backend architecture

Iindlela ezimbini eziqhelekileyo zezi:

• I-Monolithic
• Iinkonzo ezincinci

Xa phantse yonke into icutshungulwa kwindawo enye, yi-monolith.

Ukuba izicelo zokusetyenzwa zithunyelwa kwezinye iinkonzo ngaphakathi kwesistim, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ujongana ne-microservice architecture.

Kuyilo lwe-monolithic, ukukhomba umthombo wesiphene kunokuba luqili, njengoko amaqela ahlukeneyo kunye neenkonzo zihlala zibelana nge-codebase efanayo, oku kuthetha ukuba utshintsho lunokuba nemiphumo engalindelekanga.

Kwimeko yesibini, iinkonzo ziyahlukana, nganye ine-codebase yayo, oku kuthetha ukuba utshintsho kwinkonzo enye lunempembelelo encinci kwabanye.

Ubume bombutho kunye nemimandla yoxanduva

Isihloko sivakala sisoyikisa, kodwa sikuxelela nje ukuba ngubani owenza ntoni, kwaye ngubani ojongene neyiphi inxalenye ye-labyrinth (isicelo). Khawufane ucinge ukuba sinenkampani enkulu: ibhanki, imarike, inkonzo yokuhanjiswa kokutya - uyibiza ngegama. Okukhona sikhulu kwaye sintsonkothe ngakumbi isicelo sethu, kokukhona abantu besebenza kuso. Kwaye okukhona kukho abantu abaninzi, kokukhona kufuneka ubahlule babe ngamaqela, ngamnye unoxanduva lwendawo yakhe yophuhliso.

Umzekelo, elinye iqela linokusingatha ukunyuselwa, ngelixa elinye linoxanduva lokuhlawula. Ukuba isicelo sethu sinikezela ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo, amaqela anokuba noxanduva lweenkonzo zomntu ngamnye, ezinjengolawulo lwamaxwebhu e-elektroniki, ukubalwa kwemali, okanye ukuthenga kukarhulumente.

Awudingi ukwazi yonke into kunye nawo wonke umntu, kodwa ukuba kukho amaxwebhu achaza ukuba leliphi iqela elijongene nokuba yeyiphi indawo, kungcono ukuyigcina iphawulwe.

Ukubeka konke kunye

Imephu esandleni, intambo ilungile, masingene kwi-labyrinth yethu kwaye sizingele umthombo wesiphene. Makhe sibe nomfanekiso-ngqondweni weemeko ezimbalwa.

Imeko 1

Umfanekiso woku: Sivavanya iwebhusayithi yeklabhu yencoko.

Sikhangela ishedyuli yeklasi, sifunda ngeeseshoni ezizayo, xa ngaxa lithile, sibona itypo.

Ngoku, sifumanisa njani apho yavela khona? Vumela i-adventure iqale!

Sivula i-devTools, sihlaziye iphepha, kwaye sijonge izicelo kunye neempendulo. Ekubeni sinomxhasi obhityileyo, sifumana i-typo yethu kwenye yeempendulo-ivela kwi-backend.

Ngoku, sivula iilogi kwaye sikhangele ukusetyenzwa kwesicelo okanye impendulo ye-backend - lo ngumsonto wethu ovela kwibhola yomlingo. Sinokukhangela iilogi ngokusebenzisa nayiphi na ingcaciso evela kwisicelo kunye nempendulo, kodwa kungcono ukusebenzisa amaxabiso awodwa: isicelo se-xiid, i-ID evela kwisicelo, inombolo yefowuni, njalo njalo.

Sifumana ukungena kwaye sikhangele: ngaba sifumene ulwazi lweklasi kwisiseko sedatha okanye kwenye inkonzo?

Ukuba ulwazi luvela kwisiseko sedatha, sinokudlulisela umba kwinkxaso ye-tech ukulungisa i-typo kwisiseko sedatha.

Ukuba ulwazi luvela kwenye inkonzo, sinokudlulisela isiphene kubo.

Sivuyisana nawe! Siyoyisile i-labyrinth yethu yokuqala: isiphene senziwe sasekhaya kwaye sixeliwe.

Imeko yesi-2

Ngoku sivavanya ifom yobhaliso.

Sifaka i-imeyile, enye idatha, kunye nephasiwedi eyenziweyo. Sicofa iqhosha lokubhalisa kwaye sifumana impazamo ngokungalindelekanga.

Lixesha lokuba sityhile ibhola yethu yomlingo! Siya kwi-Network yethu ethandekayo ithebhu kwi-devTools kwaye sibone ukuba yintoni engalunganga: siphinda onke amanyathelo kwaye sijonge impendulo yomncedisi.

Ekuphenduleni isicelo, sifumana ikhowudi ye-400 kunye nomzimba wokuphendula ongenanto. Ngaba kufuneka sibaleke kwaye sifake isiphene ngokuchasene ne-frontend? Kodwa okwangoku asazi ukuba yintoni kanye kanye eyonakeleyo kwaye yintoni ekufuneka ilungiswe. Rhoqo impazamo ye-400 iyenzeka xa kukho ukungavisisani phakathi kokuthunyelwe ngumxhasi kunye noko kulindelwe ngumncedisi. Kukho izizathu ezininzi zoku, kuquka:

• Amaxwebhu aphelelwe lixesha kumsebenzi
• Utshintsho olwenziwe ngaphandle kwamaxwebhu
• Iitayiphu

Makhe sijonge isicelo somthengi

Ukuba sinamaxwebhu, abhalwe ngesandla okanye enziwe kwi-Swagger okanye kwi-OpenAPI, masiyisebenzise ukuqinisekisa ukuba:

• Sithumela zonke iiparamitha ezifunekayo
• Amaxabiso eparamitha aneentlobo zedata ezichanekileyo (umzekelo, amaxabiso amanani eeparamitha ze-int)

Yiyiphi enye indlela esinokusijonga ngayo isicelo?

Nokuba asinawo amaxwebhu, sinokuqinisekisa:

• Ukuthobela iSintaksi (umzekelo, ukuba isicelo sithunyelwe ngefomathi ye-JSON, kufuneka ilandele isivakalisi seJSON)
• Iichwethezo kumagama eparameter (umz., “imali” endaweni yokuthi “imali”, “doby” endaweni yokuthi “umzimba”)
• Oonobumba besiCyrillic phakathi koonobumba besiLatini (umzekelo, “igama” elibhalwe ngesiCyrillic "e")

Yonke into ilungile? Lixesha lokuba siqhubeke nohambo lwethu kwi-labyrinth ukuze sifumane impendulo. Sithatha imephu yethu kwaye "sihla" kwiilog.

Uhlalutyo lwelogi

Apha, iimeko ezimbini zinokwenzeka:

• Impazamo ingenisiwe ngexesha lokuqhuba isicelo
• Akukho mpazamo ifakiweyo, kodwa izicelo zirekhodwa

Kwimeko yokugqibela, kuya kufuneka siqhubeke nohambo lwethu kwi-microservice labyrinth kwaye sijonge indawo apho isicelo sethu siqhutywe khona.

Ekufumaneni ilog yempazamo, siya kuyazi eyona nto ingahambi kakuhle, nto leyo ethetha ukuba indawo yethu kunye nohambo lwethu lugqityiwe! Okushiyekileyo kukuqokelela olu lwazi lulandelayo lwengxelo yesiphene:

• Isicelo sokubuyisela emva
• Ushicilelo lwempazamo
• Ulungiso olucetyiswayo

Ukuqukumbela

Ukwenziwa kwasendaweni ngesiphene kunokuba ngumngeni. Ngamanye amaxesha uya kubetheka eludongeni: ilog obuyilandelayo ayikhokheli kwimpazamo okanye yenza izinto zibhideke ngakumbi. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ndihlala ndithatha amanyathelo ambalwa emva okanye ndiqale ukusuka ekuqaleni.

Kusenokuthatha ixesha elininzi ukuhlola i-labyrinth. Uhambo lunokuba nzima, kwaye lugcwele ingozi: ukuqwalaselwa kwezicelo ezithile kunokudityaniswa kwaye kuthunyelwe izicelo kwiinkonzo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Ngamanye amaxesha kunengqiqo ukwenza lula umsebenzi kwaye uqhagamshelane nabakhi be-labyrinth - abaphuhlisi.