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Node.js is an open-source, cross-platform, back-end JavaScript runtime environment that runs on the V8 engine and executes JavaScript code outside a web browser. TypeScript is a programming language developed and maintained by Microsoft. It is a strict syntactical superset of JavaScript and adds optional static typing to the language. Express is the de facto standard server framework for Node.JS. It has been called the "de facto standard" for Express.js. Express is designed for building web applications and APIs.