Introduction We have reached in an era where we can now implement basic AND, OR and XOR logics on quantum circuits similar to the classical computing and we call this era as . Quantum Era This article is a simple introduction to where we will code a program on 😅. Applied Quantum Computing (AQC) Hello World real quantum chip But wait … I don’t have a quantum computer so how can I even do that ??? And there is a very simple solution for this, with companies like IBM and Google actually making quantum devices we can leverage them to build and test stuffs on real devices with setup of whatsoever. ZERO So here is our tech stack : : Cloud platform to run the code and execute the experiments. Google Colab : A Python library for quantum . QISKit programming : QuBits chipsets from IBM Q network . IBM Q So let’s get our hands entangled. 😉 Background What is Quantum Computer ? Quantum computers are based on quantum bits, also known as qubits. They have two possible values (states) as and , similar to the one we have in the classical computer. But the laws of quantum mechanics also allow other possibilities, which we call states. 0 1 superposition A Quantum Computer created by IBM combining the quantum registers. Why Quantum Computing? Quantum computing could enable exponential speedups for certain classes of problems by exploiting and in the manipulation of quantum bits (qubits). One such example is using quantum computing in space, we can implement an optimisation algorithm(s) which can use the properties of superposition and help in speeding up the optimisation problem which can eventually lead to better and faster learning algorithm(s). superposition entanglement Artificial Intelligence Quantum Annealing Optimizer : Computing multiple local and global minima at a time. What excites me about quantum computers? Using quantum annealing in classical Boltzmann machine, the weight discovery process can be made quantum mechanical, which can help us to find pattern which we couldn't find using classical annealing process ( ). SGD Which can be a key towards Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). What is the current status in quantum landscape? There have been lots of development made recently in the space of QC and all the major player in market are trying to make revolutionary break thru. Some of them are listed below: Image Source : www.qilimanjaro.io Implementing “Hello Quantum World !!!” Let’s implement our first Hello World program using quantum registers. Colab link : https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1gVet-CcDbsCgOjhtNg9gCvlE7PHIYuQP Github link: https://github.com/goodrahstar/hello-quantum-world To start with quantum programming we will use . It’s a rapidly growing open source community making efforts to bring quantum computing easily accessible for larger audience. Open Source Quantum Information Science Kit ( QISKit ) For more: https://github.com/QISKit pip install qiskit Now that we have the package setup’ed lets get familiar with the programming paradigm in quantum world. There are 4 major components for quantum programming. : The environment to run the simulation/experiment. Quantum Program : The virtual circuit to setup the experiment. Quantum Circuit : The register which consist of qubits. Quantum Registers : Register containing bits. Classical Registers We will initialize the quantum program, create a quantum register with 2 qubits and a classical register with 2 bits and set them into the circuit using below scripts: from qiskit import QuantumProgram **# Create a QuantumProgram object instance.**qp = QuantumProgram() qr = qp.create_quantum_register('qr',2) # Create a Quantum Register called "qr" with 2 qubits. cr = qp.create_classical_register('cr',2) # Create a Classical Register called "cr" with 2 bits. **# Create a Quantum Circuit called "qc" involving qr and cr.**qc = qp.create_circuit('HelloWorldCircuit', [qr],[cr]) Once we have our circuit ready, we need to run it on a quantum computer. And here comes the real fun. 😃 We will connect to a real quantum chipset and execute quantum operations on our Here I am using IBM-Q deployed chipsets which has various options like: HelloWorldCircuit. ibmqx5: is 16 QuBits chipsets.[ ] https://ibm.biz/qiskit-ibmqx5 ibmqx4: is 5 QuBits chipsets.[ ] https://ibm.biz/qiskit-ibmqx4 ibmqx2: is 5QuBits chipsets.[ ] https://ibm.biz/qiskit-ibmqx2 They are still in development phase and by the time you are reading this article they may get deprecated. So to get updated list look . here To access these chipsets you will need an account on . And generate the token from . IBM Quantum Experience here Set the backend as provide your token and setup the connection. If the token is valid and the backend is configured then you are all set to access the quantum power. ibmqx5, backend = 'ibmqx5' token = 'a7dbfb3cfc1252c4a7555020c32808cff17102a467c595801371f7b7f1f7c3a3355d565469aa4a37564df269f3710f33d7d13ba3c900ca947c1513598b64c5e7' qp.set_api(token,url=' ) https://quantumexperience.ng.bluemix.net/api' Now its time to compose our circuit and execute the experiment. Steps to create our Hello World circuit: We will add the Hadamard gate (H) with 1 qubit for adding superposition property. H gate has the property to maps X→Z, and Z→X. We add Controlled-NOT gate (CX) , a two-qubit gate that flips the target qubit if the control is in state 1. This gate is required to generate entanglement. A measurement gate to check the status. Our Hello World circuit. qc.h(qr[1]) # Add the H gate in the Qubit 1, putting this qubit in superposition. qc.cx(qr[1], qr[0]) # Add the CX gate on control qubit 1 and target qubit 0, putting the qubits in a Bell state i.e entanglement qc.measure(qr[0],cr[0])qc.measure(qr[1],cr[1]) # Add a Measure gate to see the state. results = qp.execute(['HelloWorldCircuit'] ,backend ,timeout=2400)print(results.get_counts('HelloWorldCircuit')) # Compile and execute the Quantum Program in the ibmqx5 Now when we examine the results you will see 4 quantum states 0000, 0001, 0010,0011 each having some probabilities associated with it. So this depicts that all the four states co-exists at a given time. {‘00’: 488, ‘01’: 90, ‘10’: 58, ‘11’: 388} Congratulations !!! 🎊 🙌 You just experienced the 2 basic properties of quantum world i.e and . Superposition Entanglement Future Reading In this article we just touched the surface of quantum computing and there are lot more happening around. Here are some great links to keep up with the domain. is a full-stack Python library for designing, simulating, and optimizing continuous variable quantum optical circuits. Strawberry Fields A Universal Training Algorithm for Quantum Deep Learning : https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.09729 Nathan’s Quantum Tech Newsletter by : Nathan Shammah https://medium.com/quantum-tech How to program a quantum computer by : Dr James Wootton https://medium.com/qiskit/how-to-program-a-quantum-computer-982a9329ed02 Quantum generative adversarial learning : https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.09139.pdf : An open source framework by Google for developing algorithms on noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) computers. Cirq

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