The William Hill online casino and sports betting brand of 888 Holdings is to speed up its deposit and payout functions for players in the United Kingdom via a fresh agreement with the TrueLayer open banking network.

Open Banking Boost For William Hill

TrueLayer has issued an update stating they will be enabling William Hill, a UK gaming operator, to provide instant pay-ins and pay-outs for its customers. William Hill provides sports betting, poker, and more. TrueLayer says the winnings can be ...

TrueLayer to Enable Gaming Operator William Hill to Prove Instant Payouts an Pay-ins

William Hill has enhanced its payments processing capabilities by partnering with TrueLayer, an open banking platform.

William Hill makes ‘important power move’ with TrueLayer partnership

TrueLayer, Europe’s leading open banking payments network, today announced that iconic UK gaming operator William Hill is now using TrueLayer’s Payments product to enable instant pay-ins and payouts for players in the UK. Users can now select the ...

TrueLayer Partners with Leading Bookmaker William Hill for Instant Pay-ins and Payouts

TrueLayer, Europe’s leading open banking payments network, today announced that iconic UK gaming operator William Hill is now using TrueLayer’s Payments product to enable instant pay-ins and payouts for players in the UK.

TrueLayer signs bookmaker William Hill

With its latest release making players jump at every turn, Fruity Halloween is another exciting addition to Habanero’s evolving portfolio, following recent releases such as Slime Party and Space Goonz. InterGame is the only monthly magazine covering the international coin-op amusements and gaming industry.

Habanero new release is Fruity Halloween

Open banking payments network TrueLayer has announced that iconic gaming operator William Hill is now using TrueLayer’s Payments product to enable instant pay-ins and payouts for players in the UK. Users can now select the Instant Bank Transfer option to ...

TrueLayer partners with William Hill

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B2B BNPL Mondu starts working with first UK clients after FCA registration

This strategic shift comes after Paysafe, Binance’s former euro service provider, discontinued its support. This resulted in withdrawal issues for some users. Following a strategic review, Paysafe ceased its embedded wallet for Binance’s EU customers and discontinued British pound support for new users.

Binance strengthens European operations with strategic alliances amid regulatory hurdles

However, a Blockworks report cites a Binance spokesperson who said that the company has onboarded partners including fintech firm, TrueLayer, global payment tech company, Nuvei and several card acquirers. The move comes on the heels of Paysafe (NYSE ...

Binance Expands European Influence With New Euro Services Partnership

TrueLayer

truelayer

Building Your AI Radiologist: A Fun Guide to Creating a Pneumonia Detector with VGG16

আপনার এআই রেডিওলজিস্ট তৈরি করা: VGG16 দিয়ে নিউমোনিয়া ডিটেক্টর তৈরির জন্য একটি মজার গাইড

Aufbau Ihres KI-Radiologen: Eine unterhaltsame Anleitung zum Erstellen eines Lungenentzündungsdetektors mit VGG16

Construyendo su radiólogo con IA: una guía divertida para crear un detector de neumonía con VGG16

Construire votre radiologue IA : un guide amusant pour créer un détecteur de pneumonie avec VGG16

अपना AI रेडियोलॉजिस्ट तैयार करें: VGG16 के साथ न्यूमोनिया डिटेक्टर बनाने के लिए एक मजेदार गाइड

AI 放射線科医の育成: VGG16 を使った肺炎検出器の作成ガイド

AI 방사선 전문의 구축: VGG16을 사용하여 폐렴 감지기 생성을 위한 재미있는 가이드

Construindo seu radiologista de IA: um guia divertido para criar um detector de pneumonia com VGG16

Создание вашего искусственного радиолога: забавное руководство по созданию детектора пневмонии с помощью VGG16

Yapay Zeka Radyoloğunuzu Oluşturma: VGG16 ile Pnömoni Dedektörü Oluşturmak İçin Eğlenceli Bir Kılavuz

Xây dựng bác sĩ X quang AI của bạn: Hướng dẫn thú vị để tạo máy phát hiện bệnh viêm phổi với VGG16

打造你的 AI 放射科医生：使用 VGG16 创建肺炎检测器的有趣指南

I remember the day one of my good friends reached out and asked if I had heard about Nuklai. I simply told him, “Not really. That sounds like a topic I would study in my science class.” Fast forward six months, and here I am, building a Layer 1 blockchain network for Nuklai. Who would’ve thought? It is amazing where life takes you in a matter of months. I will get to the core of this blog about my journey into the world of HyperVMs, but before that, it is essential to know how I even got to this point. The Challenge of High Throughput Soon after I heard about Nuklai, I started to research the project to see what all the hype was about. I was really blown away by Nuklai’s vision to empower every user by allowing them to sell their data to other entities, shifting the power from big businesses to the users themselves. It is a simple yet profound vision because, to achieve it, much had to be done not just at the application level but also at the infrastructure and blockchain protocol levels. When dealing with massive amounts of data daily, the blockchain must handle an immense load that no current platform has achieved yet. People talk about Transactions Per Second (TPS), but few know what it truly takes to achieve such high TPS at the blockchain level. Yes, there are blockchains out there with high throughput, but often, they are very hacky and not true Layer 1s. Usually, the approach is to scale horizontally by creating Layer 2s, Layer 3s, sidechains, and whatnot. These solutions feel like patchwork to me because if you introduce an additional layer to your blockchain, increasing the TPS seems more like an afterthought than something built from the ground up. This is where HyperVMs come into play. HyperVMs, Unlocking High-Performance Blockchains But, what is a HyperVM? It’s essentially a virtual machine (VM) built using the HyperSDK framework. To understand HyperSDK, we first need to understand Avalanche. According to their documentation, Avalanche is an open-source platform for building decentralized applications in one interoperable, decentralized, and highly scalable ecosystem. Powered by a uniquely powerful consensus mechanism, Avalanche is the first ecosystem designed to accommodate the scale of global finance, with near-instant transaction finality. The Avalanche consensus mechanism is ridiculously fast, with less than 2 seconds of finality, meaning your transaction is processed and verified almost instantly. Avalanche also allows you to create your own Layer 1 blockchain (or subnet), and the best part is you are not confined to an Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) powered subnet. Despite its large developer community, the EVM is not lightweight and comes with a lot of baggage. On Avalanche, you can also launch your own subnet by developing your own VM in any language as long as it conforms to Avalanche’s Proto interfaces. This is where HyperSDK comes into play. Theoretically, you could build your own VM in any language you want, as Avalanche provides that freedom. However, it is also true that it is rather difficult and time-intensive to do from scratch. Even if you use Subnet EVM to get started, it is complex to keep it up-to-date as the core code changes frequently. You need to keep up with maintaining it, which can become resource-intensive. HyperSDK addresses this issue by making it faster, safer, and easier to launch your own optimized blockchain on an Avalanche subnet. It hides much of the complexity, allowing you to focus on making your project unique rather than worrying about transaction serialization efficiency or increasing transaction throughput. With HyperSDK, you can build your own blockchain runtime with 500-1000 lines of code and still process thousands of transactions per second without needing a large team of engineers. HelixVM: The 100,000 tx/s Powerhouse? At Nuklai, we built our own blockchain runtime, called ‘HelixVM,’ using the HyperSDK framework with around 200 lines of code in under a week. We added exciting features such as natively issuing tokens, bridging tokens from one subnet to another using Avalanche Warp Messaging (AWM), and developing a staking engine that lets validators register for staking and users delegate their NAI tokens to a validator of their choice to start claiming rewards. With some more additions and custom touches, we added everything with around 500 more lines of code in a couple of months. The journey to get here was extraordinary but equally rewarding. The best part about building our runtime using HyperSDK is that we benefit from the optimizations that come to the HyperSDK framework, worked on by some of the best engineers from Ava Labs and the wider open-source HyperSDK community. For example, with the development of HyperSDK Vryx, which recently produced exceptional results with HyperVMs processing over 5 billion transactions at 100,000 transactions per second, once our HelixVM supports Vryx, it will also process 100,000 transactions per second. This is the true hidden power of using HyperSDK to build your own blockchain runtime    Achieving this level of optimization without having to do it ourselves makes it a no-brainer for any team to build their own runtime as well. At Nuklai, we want to build a platform that lets users and businesses monetize their data as easily as building a website, and HyperSDK is the ultimate base layer to achieve that without worrying about how the consensus engine works. We want to build a unique platform that suits our needs, and HyperSDK makes it possible with just a few hundred lines of code. Build the Future of Smart Data With Nuklai Testnet Recently, we released our Nuklai testnet. It only took a few months to get here, and we have many exciting features planned for our HelixVM before the mainnet release, coinciding with HyperSDK’s own roadmap of being production-ready. If you want to get started with our testnet, check out the Nuklai Wallet repository, clone it locally, run it, and start interacting with the testnet. You can request test NAI tokens, create your own tokens, transfer native NAI and other user-created tokens, explore a basic version of the blockchain explorer, and even post something to Nuklai Feed - a simple social media platform. Additionally, the wallet lets you change the Nuklai RPC URL, allowing you to connect to your own Nuklai subnet running locally on your machine. You can watch the demo, and get started today! If you prefer running your own Nuklai subnet locally instead of interacting with the official testnet, you can follow the directions outlined in our documentation. This allows you to do more, such as registering validator nodes for staking, delegating to validators, claiming staking rewards, and more. Welcome to the future where you can move a mountain with your fingers! Written by Kiran Pachhai, Lead Blockchain Architect at Nuklai I remember the day one of my good friends reached out and asked if I had heard about Nuklai . I simply told him, “Not really. That sounds like a topic I would study in my science class.” Fast forward six months, and here I am, building a Layer 1 blockchain network for Nuklai. Who would’ve thought? It is amazing where life takes you in a matter of months. Nuklai Nuklai I will get to the core of this blog about my journey into the world of HyperVMs, but before that, it is essential to know how I even got to this point. The Challenge of High Throughput Soon after I heard about Nuklai, I started to research the project to see what all the hype was about. I was really blown away by Nuklai’s vision to empower every user by allowing them to sell their data to other entities, shifting the power from big businesses to the users themselves. It is a simple yet profound vision because, to achieve it, much had to be done not just at the application level but also at the infrastructure and blockchain protocol levels. When dealing with massive amounts of data daily, the blockchain must handle an immense load that no current platform has achieved yet. People talk about Transactions Per Second (TPS), but few know what it truly takes to achieve such high TPS at the blockchain level. Yes, there are blockchains out there with high throughput, but often, they are very hacky and not true Layer 1s. Usually, the approach is to scale horizontally by creating Layer 2s, Layer 3s, sidechains, and whatnot. These solutions feel like patchwork to me because if you introduce an additional layer to your blockchain, increasing the TPS seems more like an afterthought than something built from the ground up. This is where HyperVMs come into play. HyperVMs, Unlocking High-Performance Blockchains But, what is a HyperVM? It’s essentially a virtual machine (VM) built using the HyperSDK framework . To understand HyperSDK, we first need to understand Avalanche . HyperSDK framework HyperSDK framework Avalanche Avalanche According to their documentation, Avalanche is an open-source platform for building decentralized applications in one interoperable, decentralized, and highly scalable ecosystem. Powered by a uniquely powerful consensus mechanism, Avalanche is the first ecosystem designed to accommodate the scale of global finance, with near-instant transaction finality. Avalanche is an open-source platform for building decentralized applications in one interoperable, decentralized, and highly scalable ecosystem. Powered by a uniquely powerful consensus mechanism, Avalanche is the first ecosystem designed to accommodate the scale of global finance, with near-instant transaction finality. The Avalanche consensus mechanism is ridiculously fast, with less than 2 seconds of finality, meaning your transaction is processed and verified almost instantly. Avalanche also allows you to create your own Layer 1 blockchain (or subnet), and the best part is you are not confined to an Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) powered subnet. Despite its large developer community, the EVM is not lightweight and comes with a lot of baggage. On Avalanche, you can also launch your own subnet by developing your own VM in any language as long as it conforms to Avalanche’s Proto interfaces . This is where HyperSDK comes into play. Proto interfaces Proto interfaces Theoretically, you could build your own VM in any language you want, as Avalanche provides that freedom. However, it is also true that it is rather difficult and time-intensive to do from scratch. Even if you use Subnet EVM to get started, it is complex to keep it up-to-date as the core code changes frequently. You need to keep up with maintaining it, which can become resource-intensive. HyperSDK addresses this issue by making it faster, safer, and easier to launch your own optimized blockchain on an Avalanche subnet. Subnet EVM Subnet EVM It hides much of the complexity, allowing you to focus on making your project unique rather than worrying about transaction serialization efficiency or increasing transaction throughput. With HyperSDK, you can build your own blockchain runtime with 500-1000 lines of code and still process thousands of transactions per second without needing a large team of engineers. HelixVM: The 100,000 tx/s Powerhouse? At Nuklai, we built our own blockchain runtime, called ‘HelixVM,’ using the HyperSDK framework with around 200 lines of code in under a week. We added exciting features such as natively issuing tokens, bridging tokens from one subnet to another using Avalanche Warp Messaging (AWM), and developing a staking engine that lets validators register for staking and users delegate their NAI tokens to a validator of their choice to start claiming rewards. With some more additions and custom touches, we added everything with around 500 more lines of code in a couple of months. The journey to get here was extraordinary but equally rewarding. The best part about building our runtime using HyperSDK is that we benefit from the optimizations that come to the HyperSDK framework, worked on by some of the best engineers from Ava Labs and the wider open-source HyperSDK community. For example, with the development of HyperSDK Vryx , which recently produced exceptional results with HyperVMs processing over 5 billion transactions at 100,000 transactions per second, once our HelixVM supports Vryx, it will also process 100,000 transactions per second. This is the true hidden power of using HyperSDK to build your own blockchain runtime Achieving this level of optimization without having to do it ourselves makes it a no-brainer for any team to build their own runtime as well. At Nuklai, we want to build a platform that lets users and businesses monetize their data as easily as building a website, and HyperSDK is the ultimate base layer to achieve that without worrying about how the consensus engine works. HyperSDK Vryx HyperSDK Vryx We want to build a unique platform that suits our needs, and HyperSDK makes it possible with just a few hundred lines of code. Build the Future of Smart Data With Nuklai Testnet Recently, we released our Nuklai testnet . It only took a few months to get here, and we have many exciting features planned for our HelixVM before the mainnet release, coinciding with HyperSDK’s own roadmap of being production-ready. If you want to get started with our testnet, check out the Nuklai Wallet repository, clone it locally, run it, and start interacting with the testnet. Nuklai testnet Nuklai testnet HyperSDK’s own roadmap HyperSDK’s own roadmap Nuklai Wallet Nuklai Wallet You can request test NAI tokens, create your own tokens, transfer native NAI and other user-created tokens, explore a basic version of the blockchain explorer, and even post something to Nuklai Feed - a simple social media platform. Additionally, the wallet lets you change the Nuklai RPC URL, allowing you to connect to your own Nuklai subnet running locally on your machine. You can watch the demo, and get started today! demo , demo If you prefer running your own Nuklai subnet locally instead of interacting with the official testnet, you can follow the directions outlined in our documentation . This allows you to do more, such as registering validator nodes for staking, delegating to validators, claiming staking rewards, and more. documentation documentation Welcome to the future where you can move a mountain with your fingers! Written by Kiran Pachhai, Lead Blockchain Architect at Nuklai

Nuklai Testnet Live: Dive Into HyperVMs, Build on a Scalable Blockchain, and Get Rewarded

নুক্লাই টেস্টনেট লাইভ: হাইপারভিএম-এ ডুব দিন, একটি স্কেলেবল ব্লকচেইন তৈরি করুন এবং পুরস্কৃত করুন

Nuklai Testnet Live: Tauchen Sie ein in HyperVMs, bauen Sie auf einer skalierbaren Blockchain und werden Sie belohnt

Nuklai Testnet Live: sumérgete en HyperVM, construye una cadena de bloques escalable y obtén recompensas

Nuklai Testnet Live : plongez dans les HyperVM, construisez sur une blockchain évolutive et soyez récompensé

नुक्लाई टेस्टनेट लाइव: हाइपरवीएम में गोता लगाएँ, स्केलेबल ब्लॉकचेन बनाएँ, और पुरस्कृत हों

Nuklai テストネット ライブ: HyperVM に飛び込み、スケーラブルなブロックチェーンを構築して報酬を獲得

Nuklai Testnet Live: HyperVM에 뛰어들어 확장 가능한 블록체인을 구축하고 보상을 받으세요

Nuklai Testnet Live: mergulhe nos HyperVMs, desenvolva um blockchain escalável e seja recompensado

Nuklai Testnet Live: погрузитесь в HyperVM, создайте масштабируемый блокчейн и получите вознаграждение

Nuklai Testnet Live: HyperVM'lere Dalın, Ölçeklenebilir Bir Blockchain Üzerine Geliştirin ve Ödül Alın

Nuklai Testnet Live: Đi sâu vào HyperVM, xây dựng trên Blockchain có thể mở rộng và nhận phần thưởng

Nuklai 测试网直播：深入探索 HyperVM，在可扩展的区块链上构建并获得奖励

The beginnings of Layer 2 Ethereum Layer 2. It is set to solve major issues that the Ethereum ecosystem faces right now, by providing cheaper fees and faster transactions - that is the value proposition. Those who follow the Ethereum developments closely, eagerly wait for major improvements of the Ethereum ecosystem, which are set to take Ethereum to another level, including Layer 2. We have seen how the market has explosively adopted the Polygon/Matic scalability solution: the market needed one asap and Polygon has become the only market-ready solution at this crucial time. Everyone - from Aave to SushiSwap jumped to Polygon, announcing that from now on, the adoption of Layer 2 has come. There are strong arguments for what is considered to be true Layer 2, among other scalability solutions such as side chains, plasma. Vitalik Buterin himself has said that only rollups have the potential to be THE Layer 2 scalability solution. By rollups we mean optimistic and zero-knowledge rollups: a form of scaling the transaction throughput by rolling up the transactions and sending them off to process to Layer 2. The market has been eagerly waiting for the mainnet launches of Arbitrum and Optimism that are developing optimistic rollup, and of zkSync that are building ZK rollup solutions. On the 28th of May, Arbitrum launched its L2 mainnet to a select number of DeFi projects, leaving others eagerly waiting to jump on the ship. Ethereum Layer 2 is a very attractive proposition. While Ethereum is a $46 billion value business, the stakes in L2 are a magnitude higher. Expect a tough competition within the next year or two in the Layer 2 part of the Ethereum Disneyland, as has called it. With the opportunities that Layer 2 offers, the expectations are that a plethora of DeFi applications will rush to build on Ethereum Layer 2, comparing it to the gold rush in California. Bankless Tokens as Incentives in DeFi While the proposition of Ethereum Layer 2 - cheaper fees and faster transactions than on the main chain - is attractive enough, the decentralized nature of the Ethereum ecosystem has traditionally been using incentives for participation in the form of tokens. Users are financially motivated and are shopping for yields by participating in revenue-generating liquidity provision. Also, the opportunity to participate in the governance of a protocol is an attractive and necessary element in the decentralized nature of Ethereum applications. DeFi protocols have successfully incentivized users in the form of tokens, some examples below: Compound had a 400% growth in deposits after it launched COMP token liquidity mining. Yearn Finance had Total Value Locked (TVL) increased within a matter of one week from $10 million to $300 million after it launched its YFI token. SushiSwap created an incentive structure for users to switch to their protocol from Uniswap by issuing SUSHI tokens as rewards. More than $800 million in liquidity migrated to SushiSwap, leaving Unisiwap with just over $400 TVL. Polygon is giving its Matic token rewards for lenders and borrowers on Aave on the Polygon network. Balancer is giving its BAL tokens to the users who use its platform. , in which it outlines that most DeFi token models are designed in such a way that token holders benefit proportionally to network usage and growth. Three distinct token models that have emerged in DeFi have been identified: DYdX has published a research piece comparing DeFI token models Fee Tokens (cash flows) Tokens that have a cryptographically verifiable claim on fees generated by a DeFi protocol. Fee tokens can be valued on the basis of future cash flow. Governance Tokens (governing rights) Tokens that give a right to make proposals and vote on how the project’s underlying smart contracts function. Collateral of Last Resort Tokens (system re-collateralization) Tokens that act as backstops to a price peg that a DeFi protocol attempts to maintain, such as MKR. Below, is a table displaying main DeFi projects and their token use case- many of the most successful tokens have both fee and governance functionalities. DeFi tokens are used as incentive mechanisms for the users to act in ways that reinforce a protocol’s network effects. Staking and Liquidity Mining are excellent ways to bootstrap liquidity and work on building a user base. Rewards and fees can earn high yields for users and these liquidity incentives have been proven very popular among the community, based on the impact that they had on the growth of DeFi protocols. Layer 2 will need a token, or, multiple tokens initially- as projects rush to incentivize users to come and try their DeFi app on Layer 2. Value of Layer 2 Currently, none of the Layer 2 rollup solution providers have issued a token yet. The crypto community is disputing what could be considered as a native Layer 2 token with ETH and LINK cited as possibilities. Vitalik Buterin has suggested for the UNI token to become an oracle for Layer 2. ZkSync has spoken about zkSync tokens that will keep track of state on the ZKPorter side, and the token holders, called Guardians, will participate in proof of stake (PoS) with the zkSync token. The attractiveness and value proposition for DeFi applications on Layer 2 will make the protocols fight to attract users, and they will likely do this by issuing tokens. Having a Layer 2 token war is something that we should not be surprised to see: Layer 2 is likely to be more radical in marketing and customer acquisition than we have seen in the initial DeFi ecosystem explosion. As mentioned earlier, Ethereum is a $46 billion value business while the stakes in L2 are a magnitude higher - at least 10 times. Therefore, business on Layer 2 is a > $460 billion market. There will be projects and tokens that will want to capture the value of that. If you can estimate the future cash flows - transactions conducted on Layer 2 - and potential fees taken by Layer 2 solution providers, then you can reach the valuation of a Layer 2 token by applying Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) valuation model. Optimism, Arbitrum, and ZKSync have to have a token, otherwise, they have to be prepared to lose the L2 war to better-prepared projects. There will be incentives for the users to come and try, trade, stake, provide liquidity on Layer 2 and there will be value to capture. It is likely that leading DeFi projects will collaborate, an example could be Arbitrum or Optimism forming an alliance with Uniswap to do token mining on Layer 2.  As Uniswap is planning to launch L2 optimistic rollup solutions, a user could go to Uniswap L2 and mine both tokens: Arbitrum/ Optimism and Uniswap, this way front running on L2 wars. Layer 2 Summer The community says that we are going to have a Layer 2 Summer, which is an exciting and challenging time for the projects to prepare to participate in the competition of capturing the L2 market share. As the Layer 2 gates open and developers rush to launch DeFI applications that are cheaper and more efficient, users will shop for incentives on Layer 2. Let’s see what innovative incentive structures the L2 DeFi World can bring to the Ethereum Disneyland. Appendix: Interesting projects building on Ethereum Layer 2 rollups: Uniswap A Uniswap proposal was made to deploy Uniswap V3 to Arbitrum. It was voted in favor in a poll by the community, supporting Uniswap’s L2  optimistic rollup plans. SushiSwap Sushiswap’s lead developer 0xMaki has announced that Sushiswap has been deployed to Arbitrum. Chainlink Chainlink has announced that it is live on Arbitrum and is providing price feeds for DeFi developers. DeGate DeGate is building a comprehensive Layer 2 DEX with limit orders and fee-less trades.  DeGate provides L1-L2 Asset Bridge, which has been operating on Arbitrum testnet and is launching on mainnet soon. MCDEX Decentralized derivatives exchange MCDEX has announced that it is now live on Arbitrum Rollup, saying that users can save up to 100 x in gas fess compared to Ethereum Layer 1. Bancor Bancor has been testing its contracts on Arbitrum and using Chainlink’s  L2 price feed, it expects to go live with mainnet. Connext Connext is a crosschain liquidity network enabling fast, fully-noncustodial transfers between EVM- compatible chains and L2 systems.

Let's Get a Token for Ethereum's Layer 2 

Layer 2 blockchain protocols have posted stellar performance in 2021. So what is all the fuzz about and why do layer 2 solutions exist? Crypto is like a noisy apartment block, with residents spilling out onto the hallways and stairwells each weekend in search of the next party. From the ground floor (Layer 1) upwards, each level has something to offer, complete with its own flava, scents, sights and sounds. Last year, all the best action was to be had on Ethereum, but this year residents are ascending higher in search of the hottest new block party… 1. Crashing the Blockchain Party As each wave of crypto adoption takes hold, the increase in demand puts pressure on the scalability of blockchain protocols. This leads to bottlenecks that cause users to search for alternatives or solutions to mitigate these problems. The earlier focus on Bitcoin scalability has shifted toward Ethereum with the rapid growth in applications and usage. As a result, comparisons have been made between layer 1 and layer 2 solutions, with users voting with their MetaMask RPCs. defi Both Bitcoin and Ethereum can be considered layer 1 protocols, providing the settlement layer for all transactions on the network. Layer 2 solutions, such as the Lightning Network on Bitcoin, or Plasma on Ethereum, deliver a means of increasing transaction speeds and network scaling while retaining the security benefits of the base layer. While the debate continues, the shift toward layer 2 solutions, particularly for the Ethereum ecosystem, is apparent. The question remains, though, whether this is a temporary or permanent phenomenon. As each wave of crypto adoption takes hold, the increase in demand puts pressure on the scalability of blockchain protocols. This leads to bottlenecks that cause users to search for alternatives or solutions to mitigate these problems. 2. Making the Shift to Layer 2 T that render many decentralized applications unusable. While the proposed Ethereum 2.0 protocol change from to may alleviate this at the base layer in time, the pressing need for a solution now is accelerating the shift to layer 2 technology. he rise of defi has seen adoption clog the Ethereum network, causing bottlenecks and high transaction fees Proof-of-Work Proof-of-Stake While the proposed Ethereum 2.0 protocol change from Proof-of-Work to Proof-of-Stake may alleviate network congestion at the base layer in time, the pressing need for a solution now is accelerating the shift to layer 2 technology. Several layer 2 solutions have been proposed for Ethereum, each with its own trade-offs. so vital to defi, nor do state or payment channel solutions similar to Bitcoin’s Lightning Network. are another option, though slow to make progress. Plasma was an early solution enabling high-throughput payments but doesn’t support the smart contracts Sidechains inside an Ethereum smart contract, reducing fees and increasing throughput, though are more immediately suitable for defi applications than ZK-Rollups. This is because most transaction costs on Ethereum are due to the complexity of smart contracts. Rollups have gained in popularity, aggregating transactions off-chain Optimistic Rollups that support both simple payments and complex smart contracts Polygon has been one of the best performing L2s this year in terms of traction. Initially focused on Plasma, s and generating a significant increase in user adoption as a result. Polygon is now building more of a scaling-solution aggregator, incorporating all layer 2 solution Popular defi and NFT applications including Swap, , Curve Finance, and have integrated with the layer 2 solution, taking advantage of Polygon’s fast, low-fee infrastructure. This has brought in significant liquidity, with the lending and borrowing platform Aave growing to in total value locked on Polygon and over 7,000 users within ten days of launching its L2 solution. Sushi OpenSea Decentraland nearly $1 billion Moving forward, an increasing number of Ethereum dApps are likely to move to layer 2 network, escaping the high fees and bottlenecks in peak periods, while remaining in the largest and most composable defi ecosystem. 3. Alternative Solutions So will this trend toward layer 2 solutions last? That depends. There are certainly alternative solutions available and on the horizon, so it comes down to user preference when considering the trade-offs. Ethereum 2.0’s change to Proof-of-Stake will use to provide scalability on layer 1. So instead of working on transactions sequentially, the network breaks them down into sets of shards that can be processed in parallel, dramatically increasing the speed and efficiency of the network. However, transitioning such a large established protocol that carries billions of dollars in value is not without risk and may take years to be fully securely deployed. Hardware requirements are also likely to increase over time if the size of the blockchain continues to outpace the technology, and at 32 ETH, running a validator node won’t be open to many, impacting decentralization. sharding have also grown in popularity, at least partly in response to the scalability issues encountered in the Ethereum ecosystem. While both networks have seen significant adoption as a result, the small set of BSC validator nodes and the complexity in running Solana validators means comparative centralization of the networks is the trade-off. Alternative layer 1 chains like Binance Smart Chain (BSC) and Solana . However, they introduce additional security considerations associated with less established blockchains and can lose the composability of the Ethereum ecosystem upon which many defi applications rely. Ethereum-compatible layer 1 chains such as Polkadot, Cosmos, and Avalanche are another option, bringing interoperable bridges and scalability to Ethereum Closing Thoughts Ultimately it comes down to personal choice. Those who are more interested in the fastest and cheapest platforms above all else will select convenient options over more decentralized alternatives. Ethereum will continue to be used, and while the transition to 2.0 will bring the next generation of scalability improvements to the base layer, layer 2 solutions will serve the composable infrastructure well in the meantime and will likely continue to work alongside Ethereum 2.0 in the future. Longer-term, the governance structure of the dApp in question will dictate the best environment to use sustainably, which could include multiple chains and layers for different use cases, hidden under the hood of a slick user interface. Like the Internet itself, a layered structure, in which value accrues at every level throughout the blockchain stack, is probably here to stay. About the author: Ruben Merre is a repeat tech entrepreneur, polyglot, life-long learner and founder and CEO of NGRAVE , the digital asset security company behind “ZERO”, the most secure cryptocurrency wallet in the world. Since 2018, Ruben and his team have partnered up with the top tier in nanotechnology, cryptography and hardware security, as well as thought leaders such as Jean-Jacques Quisquater, famous cryptography professor and second reference of the bitcoin paper. The result: a true end-to-end solution for managing digital assets, at maximum security (EAL7, highest security certification in the world), and an intuitive user interaction.

Layer 1 vs Layer 2: Where’s the Next Block Party At?

One of the alleged use cases for blockchain is charity transparency. A project that aims to do that is the AIDChain platform with their AidCoin token. In their (v.04) they note a decline in the trust of big charities because of high profile cases of charity fraud. They further claim that current methodologies of assessing charities are limited to self-reporting or third party reporting, which itself is based on charities’ self-reporting. whitepaper The whitepaper then claims that AIDChain/AidCoin is a solution, because it offers a lower cost of transaction; more efficient tracking of funds; transparency based on smart contracts, which would return the money to the donors based on certain conditions; tax deduction, since currently blockchain tokens are not regarded as cash. They also add that adopting AIDChain/AidCoin would be very simple for charities and allow them to not have to invest in the IT sector. Unfortunately, the picture painted by AIDChain’s authors is very misleading. They are right about the decline of trust in charities, and they even provide links to relevant studies for UK and US. But this seems to be the only non-controversial statement they make. There are with their narrative: three fundamental problems they limit the assessment of charities to tracking of funds they are incorrect about the range of currently used methodologies to assess charities their AIDChain solution as it is described in the whitepaper does nothing to make the situation any better Since the answer to this question focuses on someone’s startup, which is trying to raise money, I decided to add a disclaimer. Disclaimer: Please note that this analysis focuses on the AIDChain project simply because it was brought to my attention as a viable use case for blockchain. Since AIDChain is the first project of its kind, I am thus analyzing their approach to this problem. In other words, I have no stake in this, I have no connections to either AIDChain or their possible competitors, if those even exist, and all I am doing is analyzing their publicly available whitepaper. Having said that, it is clear that the AIDChain approach is nothing original as far as it goes, and matches the general approach blockchain solutions tend to adopt. i. Assessment of charities is more than tracking of funds today has significantly evolved, and tracking funds is only part of it. The modern way to assess charity effectiveness is impact based (see ) and involves a complicated analysis not only of the charity finances, but the scientific research behind the chosen method of helping, interviews with both charity employees and the people they are trying to help, on-site visits, follow up, the degree of transparency of a charity in question and evidence-based analysis of whether there is room for more funding (the impact of marginal dollars). Charity assessment Effective altruism The interest of such charity assessment organizations is not limited to where the money goes or overhead. They are focused on assessing what a charity is doing and how effective and evidence-based its activities are, every step of the way. The set of is different for every type of charity. discussion topics For instance, , a notable charity assessment organization, provides an incredibly of their process of charity evaluation, as well as documents, conversations, on-site visit reports for charities they have reviewed, including those they decided to . GiveWell in-depth description not recommend GiveWell has focused primarily on the cost-effectiveness of the organizations that it evaluates, rather than traditional metrics such as the percentage of the organization’s budget that is spent on overhead. In the first year, Karnofsky and Hassenfeld (GiveWell founders) advocated that charities should generally spend more money on overhead, so that they could pay for staff and record keeping to track how effective their efforts were. This ran counter to standard ways of evaluating charities based on the ratio of overhead to funds deployed for the charity work itself. Source: Impact-based_evaluation That this is more than just an opinion of one organization is attested by the fact that it is basically going mainstream, with such notable organizations as GuideStar, BBB Wise Giving Alliance, and Charity Navigator writing urging nonprofits and donors to end the use of the overhead ratio as the sole or main indicator of a nonprofit’s performance. open letters A from the Stanford Social Innovation Review has further criticized some of these organizations themselves for relying heavily on financial data that is not adequate for evaluating a nonprofit organization, and that a more comprehensive approach similar to one of GiveWell and Giving What We Can should be used. study So, the AidCoin whitepaper’s implicit premise that it all comes down to tracking funds is a demonstrably outdated approach. Which means that their understanding of charity assessment is extremely narrow and superificial, and falls short of the approach that evolved out of years of experience in organizations that are actually doing it. And, most importantly, the whitepaper authors seems to be really focused on preventing fraud, whereas a charity can be completely honest and very transparent, but poorly run and a bad choice to invest your money into. AIDChain does not offer a lot in this regard. ii. The range of currently used methodologies to assess charities AIDChain whitepaper claims that the methods of assessing charities are limited to self-reporting. It does mention recipient reporting as well, but does not expand much on it, instead focusing on the assertion that the only option the public has is to just trust what the charities are volunteering about their operations. As can be readily seen from the previous section, this is demonstrably incorrect. The methodologies used by modern charity assessment organizations go far beyond trusting self-reporting from charities. A big chunk of assessment is based on independent scientific data, as well as on on-site visits and financial audits. The latter is important to note. Nobody just takes charities at their word, and their self-reported data is being critically evaluated and cross-checked. If a charity is not forthcoming with additional information, this lack of transparency is noted and a charity has a good chance of not being recommended. Failing to accurately describe how charity assessment works today allows AIDChain authors to exaggerate deficiencies of the process, thus creating a false sense that assessment of modern non-profits is in complete turmoil. It also allows them to embolden the importance of their solution and downplay the success of currently existing solutions. iii. AIDChain is a poor solution AIDChain whitepaper lists the following as advantages of using AIDChain to assess charities: Tracking the actual use of funds, from the time money is donated up until its conversion into local fiat currencies. Verification of the identity of the recipients and reporting on the blockchain of their funds use. Tracking of administrative costs of nonprofits. Ensuring money earmarked for specific projects actually gets to those specific projects. Comparison of the effectiveness of a euro spent in one charity versus a different charity. Tracking of the investment policies of charities with the money they hold. Reduction in transaction costs of money transfer through cryptocurrency rather than financial intermediaries. This becomes especially relevant when dealing with organization that operate in developing countries, where transfer fees for remittances can be as high as 20% Since one of the selling points of the AIDChain solution is that it removes the need to trust an authority, what must be immediately noted is that quite a number of these advantages simply exchange trusting established charity assessment organizations for trusting the company behind the AIDChain platform. For instance, the very first item claims the ability to track the actual use of funds. However, tracking money from donations to conversions into local fiat currencies does nothing to tell us how the funds are used once they are converted. So how will they do it? The whitepaper explains this several pages later: In the meanwhile, AIDChain will be able to track donations even after AidCoin is converted into fiat currencies thanks to the integration with the charity’s bank APIs. AidCoin will collaborate with companies such as TrueLayer in order to connect to the bank data, verify accounts, and access transactions in real-time, providing a clear picture of how charities are spending the funds received in AidCoin. In other words, the tracking of actual use of funds is going to be done through the open APIs of European banks, which are required to provide them as the result of the EU Payment Services Directive (PSD2). That this curious fact is mentioned only several pages later is quite deceptive. And immediately raises a question: why is a cryptocurrency middleman required at all here, when it all comes down to tracking the actual use of funds through the normal banking system? The AidCoin whitepaper does have an answer to that: “traceability of the entire donation flow will depend on the mainstream adoption of blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies”. In other words, AIDChain’s model will work . And the current solution of using bank APIs is temporary. only in the case of a very hypothetical scenario of the world rejecting fiat currencies completely and switching to cryptocurrencies But given the unlikelihood of cryptocurrencies ever becoming widely adopted, or at the very least becoming adopted enough in the observable future, this temporary solution is probably as permanent as it gets, and AidCoin’s services are not going to be any more transparent than any other assessment organization. But this is where the authors’ poor understanding of modern charity assessment methods really shows. Tracking the use of funds, be it through blockchain or the banking system, might perhaps make it a little more difficult for the charities to cheat, but it does nothing to address the actual impact of a charity or whether one’s money are likely to be spent effectively. And this is where fraud may actually be happening. Even authoritarian governments, routinely and almost openly misappropriating taxpayer funds, typically have their paperwork in order, with the fraud happening outside the context of purchase receipts. A simple, but illustrative example would be to conspire with a local pharmacy and buy medicine for one price, while have the pharmacy log a different price — and pocket the remainder of the money. In this case blockchain records are going to be entirely clean, transparent and tamper-proof. The AIDChain platform will only create a false impression of security, while doing nothing to detect or prevent such fraud. This, however, is more likely to be discovered or prevented if a charity is regularly assessed from multiple angles, like it’s being done by many modern charity assessment organizations. Verification of identities is presumably going to be done in the same fashion as any non-cryptocurrency service does it — through reliance on ID documents and other standard methods. The public will have to trust the AIDChain platform on this one too. Tracking of administrative costs of nonprofits, as well as ensuring that money for specific projects actually gets to those specific projects, is also completely outside of the AIDChain platform. Authors of the whitepaper suggest that charities submit scans of receipts into the blockchain, implying this is more transparent. But, as already discussed above, fraud frequently happens outside of the paperwork. And simply adding receipts is no different than these same charities submitting documents to charity assessment organizations. The whitepaper states: Thanks to the AIDChain platform and AIDPay, the information automatically or manually recorded on the blockchain will be immutable, tamper-proof and publicly accessible through an open explorer, increasing the level of transparency and allowing public auditing besides AIDChain platform users. Which looks like solving a problem that nobody has. First, a lot of charity assessment organizations already publish financial documents that they review, and the public is able to independently audit them today, without having to use a blockchain. But also, this strikes me as a thinly veiled implication that charity assessment organizations are likely to collude with the charities they assess. So likely, in fact, that we need AidCoin to solve that problem. But we are presented with no evidence of such a fraudulent scheme ever emerging. Unless there is a proven record of charities submitting documents to charity assessment organizations and then someone tampering with them, blockchain’s immutability adds absolutely no value. And submitting documents in order to then tamper with them seems like a very unpractical way to cheat anyway. I was able to find no scandals involving a charity assessment organization being bribed by a charity so that they allow access to already submitted documents. And yet, this is a problem that AidCoin proudly announces to solve. Where is the value in solving a problem that nobody has?! Again, as discussed earlier, if someone wants to cheat, all they have to do is add fraudulent or misleading receipts to the AIDChain platform, the same way they would do within a normal charity assessment process. AIDChain solution does nothing to address this and gleefully announces that it will basically rely on charities’ self-reporting, just like they claim everyone else does (and which we’ve already seen to be demonstrably false). The whitepaper then claims that AIDChain would provide a comparison of the effectiveness of a euro spent in one charity versus a different charity, but the authors do not elaborate on how this will be done, by whom and using which criteria. Finally, they claim the reduction in transaction costs of money transfers through cryptocurrency rather than financial intermediaries. This is a standard claim frequently made by blockchain enthusiasts as an advantage of blockchain in general. We have addressed it multiple times, specifically . Suffice to say, the advantage is questionable and comes at a cost: if anything happens, no authority will be able to help and, say, return the funds. here Same goes for the advantages of smart contracts in general, discussed . here Introduction of blockchain will also introduce a risk of funds being lost through hacking or phishing, as well as through accidental private keys loss. Once the funds become inaccessible for one of the listed reasons, there is no way to return them. Blockchain also introduces an additional incentive for insider cheating, because unlike centralized payment systems, where the payments are tracked and mediated, and even unlike cash, which needs to be physically transported, a cryptocurrency is easier to manipulate. Someone managing charity funds may just send them from the charity wallet to their own anonymous address. Such a crime would be very difficult to prosecute, and bitcoin mixers would guarantee the thief cashing out. See for more details on how this was done in case of high profile crimes like the WannaCry ransomware, where thousands of eyes were tracking the respective Bitcoin addresses. This security loophole is critical and very difficult to prevent. this question iv. Conclusion. The AIDChain whitepaper does a poor job in explaining why blockchain is the future for charity assessment, but does a good job of demonstrating why it is not. I was left with the impression that the team behind the project was more focused on trying to find a use case for blockchain, rather than trying to actually fix issues in the non-profit world. The authors of the whitepaper demonstrate only cursory understanding of what actual difficulties charities and donors face, have either little interest to conduct basic research into modern charity assessment, or perhaps little interest to present it in their whitepaper, as doing so inevitably compromises the value of their solution. Their description of charity assessment methods is critically incomplete and very misleading, creating a false impression that current charity assessment organizations are not effective. They then proceed to claim that AIDChain is a solution, but fail to convincingly demonstrate why this is so. All they do is reiterate blockchain’s basic properties, such as immutability and relatively easy public access, without explaining how these properties translate into something useful. Neither did they care to address any of the possible objections, although a lot of them should have been easy to predict if one would think critically. This makes their whitepaper impressive only to those who have a superficial understanding of how blockchain or smart contracts work. The public could be temporarily lured into a false sense of security, until the first scandal emerges and it becomes clear to everyone (if it hasn’t already) that blockchain is not a mechanism magically making everything honest and transparent. Not only do the authors completely misunderstand the breadth and depth of charity assessment, but their proposals to increase purely financial transparency are sketchy, implausible and are not based on any data or real problems that are encountered in charity fraud. A lot of what they are offering is also contingent on an almost universal rejection of fiat currencies in favor of cryptocurrencies. Without this revolutionary and unlikely change in the world financial system their methods are conceptually no different to that of other organizations. In practice, AIDChain is likely to be less trustworthy due to their obvious lack of expertise. AIDChain is a great example of a poorly thought out startup, based on popular misconceptions about blockchain, with a shallow whitepaper, dealing mostly in oversimplified versions of reality and buzz words. I don’t see how charity assessment is in any way a good use case for blockchain.

Blockchain is useful for adding transparency to charities. Or is it?

Layer 2 projects such as Lightning Network, Raiden Network, Trinity Network (payment channels), as well as Celer Network and Counterfactual (generalized state channels) belong to state channel projects. Meanwhile, Plasma, RSK, and Liquid use side chains to solve the problem of scalability for basic blockchain systems. But, as we discussed above, none of them solves our problem number 4 — the problem of interoperability. And although projects such as LN and Raiden state that they will in the future, that’s quite a challenge for any project focused on a specific DLT. The fact is that the provision of atomic untrusted transactions between two different blockchains is an extremely difficult task due to differences in technological approaches and the misalignment between project schedules. But why is this such a serious problem? Let’s try to imagine a physical world without interoperability, using some historical examples. In the 19th century, the United States experienced a boom in railway construction. Several large companies were engaged in the construction and development of a network of railways. But imagine the consequences if each of these companies had built a railroad to their own standards, incompatible with the others? Different track gauges, different rail shapes, etc. Perhaps one of these hypothetical widths or shapes would be more optimal than that used today, or some of these standards would be better suited for specific tasks. However, each company would have to forge its own line to each point, while producing separate cars and locomotives compatible with their proprietary standards, and so on. Instead of one universal railway station in each village, we would have to build several different ones for each of the incompatible railway networks. What do you think would happen in this case? Would the railroad still have become an essential conduit for the development of new territories, the improvement of economic ties between regions, etc.? In other words, how would a lack of interoperability have affected the adoption of this technology? Some developers of Layer 2 solutions state that they plan to solve the problem of interoperability in the future. But today, nevertheless, they continue to improve their projects focusing on a particular blockchain; at best, on compatible blockchains (for example, Bitcoin forks, or smart contract projects similar to Ethereum, etc.) On the other hand, should Layer 2 projects even try to solve the problem of interoperability? In our opinion, this problem belongs to a different level; namely, Layer 3. And this means that it’s better to solve it separately and with the help of more specialized approaches. It might be appropriate to draw an analogy here with the development of the Internet itself. The Internet has its own technological layers, each of which performs a specific function: - Link layer: various technologies and data transfer protocols between devices on the local network, for example, Ethernet, WiFi, PPP, HDLC, etc. - Network layer: protocols that transfer data over a wide area network. - Transport layer: protocols responsible for the complete delivery of data, etc. The peculiarity of the Network layer is that it is as abstract as possible from lower-level protocol technologies. Its task is to ensure the possibility of global data transmission, or, in our terms, to ensure interoperability for various devices and local area networks (LANs), binding all of them into a single global network (the Internet). Layer 3 A similar main task, in our opinion, should be accomplished by projects of the Layer 3 level: ensuring interoperability and functioning of separate blockchain-ecosystems in a single global Internet of Value. The main characteristics that should be inherent to projects of the Layer 3 level are: - Should be based on off-chain technologies. - To be blockchain-agnostic, i.e. not be tied to a particular blockchain-ecosystem. - To provide the possibility of trustless multi-asset transactions, i.e. allow easy exchange of one cryptoasset for another in the process of making a payment. - To ensure payments’ atomicity. As for atomicity, we should return to the analogy using the conventional Internet. It transpires that the Transport layer is in charge of the analogue of atomicity: it’s rendered into a separate technological layer there. Whether a similar state of affairs will eventuate in the case of the Internet of Value will only be known with time. Meanwhile, this problem should be tackled one way or another. In general, precisely because of the characteristics discussed above, Layer 3 technologies are not restricted to ensuring interoperability and combining individual blockchain systems into a single global network. They can also connect traditional financial systems and physical assets, or other non-blockchain value carriers. Just as the Network layer in the conventional Internet abstracts from specific low-level data transfer technologies and ensures their global interaction, Layer 3 technologies in the Internet of Value can provide interoperability and global value transfer, regardless of where this value comes from or what its basic carrier is. Furthermore, Layer 3 technologies in the Internet of Value can become the basis for the functioning of the following practical solutions and services: - Payment systems - Decentralized cross-chain exchanges (Cross-chain DEX) - Cross-border Payments (“Crypto VISA”) - dAPP scaling - Solutions in the field of Internet of Things (IoT), and others. However, the most significant benefits will flow from the network effect of the Internet of Values. Each new service, and each new participant attracted by this service will increase the value of the entire Internet of Value network for all participants, including the various DLT projects. Layer 3 Solutions. Imagine if someone in the 1970s, exposed to only a few local area networks, were asked to describe a global Internet of the future — one that would allow half of the world’s population to instantly share any information. Imagine if they were asked to predict how this would affect the economic, professional, and social life of people. In the 1970s, it would be very difficult to predict what is now commonplace to us. Similarly, at our present stage of evolution, it is very difficult to imagine where a similar development — what we call the Internet of Value — will lead us. Conclusion It’s likely that, at some point in the future, the basic DLT technologies (Layer 1) will perform the main function of the carrier of value, a kind of custodianship of specialized value. Developers will focus primarily on the thorough implementation of these basic and natural functions. Meanwhile, the logistical functions for value transfer will be folded into the superstructures of the technological levels — Layer 2, 3, 4. Their task will be to solve a particular level of problems such as scalability, interoperability, and atomicity. Being separated into distinct levels of technology, they will be able to act beyond the limitations of lower-level technologies. This is especially true for interoperability. After all, a given blockchain-ecosystem, whatever it may be, is unlikely in itself to become what we could call the Internet of Value, just as WiFi could not become the internet. But all of them working together can. However, this will happen only in the event of the emergence of a Layer 3 technology which can ensure their interoperability. We in the team have been working on research in this area since 2015, and we are developing a solution that, we hope, can become part of the future Internet of Value. GEO Protocol Follow GEO Protocol at: [ | | | | | | ] Medium Twitter GitHub Gitter Telegram LinkedIn YouTube

The Need For Layer 3 on the Internet of Value

How To Build an AI-Powered Financial Assistant App

I dream of hiking from Munich to Venice and trekking across the beautiful Alps. But as I still have to live my everyday life, my journey has to consist of multiple stages, with weeks, months, or even years between each adventure. That is okay, as it’s more about the journey than the destination. However, I always wanted a way to visually retrace these paths, to see how far I’ve come and how close I am to my goal. I wanted a way to celebrate the progress I’ve made and to motivate myself to take the journey further. Fortunately, many outdoor and sports apps, like Adidas Running, Komoot, Strava, and others, graciously allow us to export our activities as GPX files. However, there’s nowhere to go with those GPX files. That is where and come into play. I recently stumbled upon Folium, a powerful Python library for creating interactive maps. It can easily incorporate geographic data, such as the GPX files, and allows for customization and exploration. Drawing upon the wealth of GPS data I’ve gathered, I started experimenting with Folium to craft a map that brings my outdoor excursions to life. Python Folium After some research and a lot of testing, I came up with that allows me to revisit my past outdoor activities: a map So, if you are anything like me and have a treasure trove of GPS data without any purpose, you may wonder how I got there. So, in this article, I will explain how to breathe life into your GPX files. Let’s embark on an expedition of exploration and mapping! Getting Started with Jupyter Notebook To begin this adventure, we’ll be using Jupyter Notebook. Why Jupyter Notebook? It’s a fantastic interactive computing environment that allows us to combine code, visualizations, and text, making it perfect for experimenting with our data and the Folium library. If you haven’t installed Jupyter Notebook yet, follow the instructions on their . Once installed, you can create a new Jupyter Notebook and get ready for your journey. official website Parsing GPX Files for Trail Data Next, we need the raw material for our map — the GPX files. is a widely used file format that stores location data, such as latitude, longitude, elevation, and time, making it ideal for tracking outdoor activities. GPX (GPS Exchange Format) If you’re an avid hiker, runner, cyclist, or skier, chances are you already have tracked various excursions using an outdoor or sports app. Plenty of those apps allow you to export your activities in GPX format. So gather those GPX files, and let’s get started! In our , we’ll use the gpxpy library to parse the GPX files and extract the essential trail data, such as latitude, longitude, elevation, speed, and distance. The parse_gpx() function will do all the heavy lifting for us: Python code ### READ GPX FILES

import gpxpy
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import haversine as hs
from pathlib import Path


def parse_gpx(file_path):
    # parse gpx file to pandas dataframe
    gpx = gpxpy.parse(open(file_path), version='1.0')

    data = []
    points = []
    for track in gpx.tracks:
        for segment in track.segments:
            for point_idx, point in enumerate(segment.points):
                points.append(tuple([point.latitude, point.longitude]))

                # calculate distances between points
                if point_idx == 0:
                    distance = np.nan
                else:
                    distance = hs.haversine(
                        point1=points[point_idx-1],
                        point2=points[point_idx],
                        unit=hs.Unit.METERS
                    )

                data.append([point.longitude, point.latitude,point.elevation, point.time, segment.get_speed(point_idx), distance])

    columns = ['Longitude', 'Latitude', 'Elevation', 'Time', 'Speed', 'Distance']
    gpx_df = pd.DataFrame(data, columns=columns)

    return points, gpx_df


activities = {}
frames = []
for activity_type in ACTIVITY_TYPES:
    activities[activity_type] = {}

    pathlist = Path(activity_type).glob('**/*.gpx')
    for path in pathlist:
        # exclude hidden directories and files
        # will lead to performance issues if there are lots of hidden files
        if any(part.startswith('.') for part in path.parts):
            continue

        activity_group = path.parts[1]
        activity_name = path.parts[2]

        if activity_group not in activities[activity_type]:
            activities[activity_type][activity_group] = []

        points, gpx_df = parse_gpx(path)

        gpx_df['Elevation_Diff'] = np.round(gpx_df['Elevation'].diff(), 2)
        gpx_df['Cum_Elevation'] = np.round(gpx_df['Elevation_Diff'].cumsum(), 2)
        gpx_df['Cum_Distance'] = np.round(gpx_df['Distance'].cumsum(), 2)
        gpx_df['Gradient'] = np.round(gpx_df['Elevation_Diff'] / gpx_df['Distance'] * 100, 1)

        activities[activity_type][activity_group].append({
            'name': activity_name.replace('.gpx', '').replace('_', ' '),
            'points': points,
            'gpx_df': gpx_df
        })
        frames.append(gpx_df)

df = pd.concat(frames)
df That leaves us with all the necessary data of an activity: a list of all the GPS coordinates and a Pandas DataFrame containing all kinds of metrics. Plotting GPX Trails on the Interactive Map With our GPS data now organized in a Pandas DataFrame, we can visualize our outdoor activities on an interactive map. Folium makes this task a breeze: ### CONFIG

# LOCATION = None
LOCATION = [48.13743, 11.57549] # latitude, longitude
ZOOM_START = 10

ACTIVITY_TYPES = {
    'Hiking': {
        'icon': 'person-hiking',
        'color': 'green'
    },
    'Running': {
        'icon': 'person-running',
        'color': 'orange'
    },
    'Biking': {
        'icon': 'person-biking',
        'color': 'red'
    },
    'Skiing': {
        'icon': 'person-skiing',
        'color': 'blue'
    }
} We’ll create a map centered at a specific location (you can choose one or let the code determine the center based on your data). We’ll assign unique colors and icons to each activity type, such as hiking, running, biking, or skiing. The ACTIVITY_TYPES dictionary will help us with this. ### READ GPX FILES

import gpxpy
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import haversine as hs
from pathlib import Path


def parse_gpx(file_path):
    # parse gpx file to pandas dataframe
    gpx = gpxpy.parse(open(file_path), version='1.0')

    data = []
    points = []
    for track in gpx.tracks:
        for segment in track.segments:
            for point_idx, point in enumerate(segment.points):
                points.append(tuple([point.latitude, point.longitude]))

                # calculate distances between points
                if point_idx == 0:
                    distance = np.nan
                else:
                    distance = hs.haversine(
                        point1=points[point_idx-1],
                        point2=points[point_idx],
                        unit=hs.Unit.METERS
                    )

                data.append([point.longitude, point.latitude,point.elevation, point.time, segment.get_speed(point_idx), distance])

    columns = ['Longitude', 'Latitude', 'Elevation', 'Time', 'Speed', 'Distance']
    gpx_df = pd.DataFrame(data, columns=columns)

    return points, gpx_df


activities = {}
frames = []
for activity_type in ACTIVITY_TYPES:
    activities[activity_type] = {}

    pathlist = Path(activity_type).glob('**/*.gpx')
    for path in pathlist:
        # exclude hidden directories and files
        # will lead to performance issues if there are lots of hidden files
        if any(part.startswith('.') for part in path.parts):
            continue

        activity_group = path.parts[1]
        activity_name = path.parts[2]

        if activity_group not in activities[activity_type]:
            activities[activity_type][activity_group] = []

        points, gpx_df = parse_gpx(path)

        gpx_df['Elevation_Diff'] = np.round(gpx_df['Elevation'].diff(), 2)
        gpx_df['Cum_Elevation'] = np.round(gpx_df['Elevation_Diff'].cumsum(), 2)
        gpx_df['Cum_Distance'] = np.round(gpx_df['Distance'].cumsum(), 2)
        gpx_df['Gradient'] = np.round(gpx_df['Elevation_Diff'] / gpx_df['Distance'] * 100, 1)

        activities[activity_type][activity_group].append({
            'name': activity_name.replace('.gpx', '').replace('_', ' '),
            'points': points,
            'gpx_df': gpx_df
        })
        frames.append(gpx_df)

df = pd.concat(frames)
df

That leaves us with all the necessary data of an activity: a list of all the GPS coordinates and a Pandas DataFrame containing all kinds of metrics.
Plotting GPX Trails on the Interactive Map

With our GPS data now organized in a Pandas DataFrame, we can visualize our outdoor activities on an interactive map. Folium makes this task a breeze:

### CONFIG

# LOCATION = None
LOCATION = [48.13743, 11.57549] # latitude, longitude
ZOOM_START = 10

ACTIVITY_TYPES = {
    'Hiking': {
        'icon': 'person-hiking',
        'color': 'green'
    },
    'Running': {
        'icon': 'person-running',
        'color': 'orange'
    },
    'Biking': {
        'icon': 'person-biking',
        'color': 'red'
    },
    'Skiing': {
        'icon': 'person-skiing',
        'color': 'blue'
    }
}

    We’ll create a map centered at a specific location (you can choose one or let the code determine the center based on your data).

    We’ll assign unique colors and icons to each activity type, such as hiking, running, biking, or skiing. The ACTIVITY_TYPES dictionary will help us with this.

### CREATE MAP

import folium
from folium import plugins as folium_plugins

if LOCATION:
    location = LOCATION
else:
    location=[df.Latitude.mean(), df.Longitude.mean()]

map = folium.Map(location=location, zoom_start=ZOOM_START, tiles=None)
folium.TileLayer('OpenStreetMap', name='OpenStreet Map').add_to(map)
folium.TileLayer('Stamen Terrain', name='Stamen Terrain').add_to(map)


### MAP TRAILS

def timedelta_formatter(td):
    td_sec = td.seconds
    hour_count, rem = divmod(td_sec, 3600)
    hour_count += td.days * 24
    minute_count, second_count = divmod(rem, 60)
    return f'{hour_count}h, {minute_count}min, {second_count}s'

def create_activity_popup(activity):
    df = activity['gpx_df']
    attributes = {
        'Date': {
            'value': df['Time'][df.index[0]].strftime("%m/%d/%Y"),
            'icon': 'calendar'
        },
        'Start': {
            'value': df['Time'][df.index[0]].strftime("%H:%M:%S"),
            'icon': 'clock'
        },
        'End': {
            'value': df['Time'][df.index[-1]].strftime("%H:%M:%S"),
            'icon': 'flag-checkered'
        },
        'Duration': {
            'value': timedelta_formatter(df['Time'][df.index[-1]]-df['Time'][df.index[0]]),
            'icon': 'stopwatch'
        },
        'Distance': {
            'value': f"{np.round(df['Cum_Distance'][df.index[-1]] / 1000, 2)} km",
            'icon': 'arrows-left-right'
        },
        'Average Speed': {
            'value': f'{np.round(df.Speed.mean() * 3.6, 2)} km/h',
            'icon': 'gauge-high'
        },
        'Max. Elevation': {
            'value': f'{np.round(df.Elevation.max(), 2)} m',
            'icon': 'mountain'
        },
        'Uphill': {
            'value': f"{np.round(df[df['Elevation_Diff']>0]['Elevation_Diff'].sum(), 2)} m",
            'icon': 'arrow-trend-up'
        },
        'Downhill': {
            'value': f"{np.round(abs(df[df['Elevation_Diff']<0]['Elevation_Diff'].sum()), 2)} m",
            'icon': 'arrow-trend-down'
        },
    }
    html = f"<h4>{activity['name'].upper()}</h4>"
    for attribute in attributes:
        html += f'<i class="fa-solid fa-{attributes[attribute]["icon"]}" title="{attribute}">  {attributes[attribute]["value"]}</i></br>'
    return folium.Popup(html, max_width=300)

feature_groups = {}
for activity_type in activities:
    color = ACTIVITY_TYPES[activity_type]['color']
    icon = ACTIVITY_TYPES[activity_type]['icon']

    for activity_group in activities[activity_type]:      
        # create and store feature groups
        # this allows different activity types in the same feature group
        if activity_group not in feature_groups:
            # create new feature group
            fg = folium.FeatureGroup(name=activity_group, show=True)
            feature_groups[activity_group] = fg
            map.add_child(fg)
        else:
            # use existing
            fg = feature_groups[activity_group]

        for activity in activities[activity_type][activity_group]:
            # create line on map
            points = activity['points']
            line = folium.PolyLine(points, color=color, weight=4.5, opacity=.5)
            fg.add_child(line)

            # create marker
            marker = folium.Marker(points[0], popup=create_activity_popup(activity),
                                   icon=folium.Icon(color=color, icon_color='white', icon=icon, prefix='fa'))
            fg.add_child(marker)

map.add_child(folium.LayerControl(position='bottomright'))
folium_plugins.Fullscreen(position='topright').add_to(map)
map We’ll use Foliums FeatureGroup concepts to group the trails based on their group name. That will allow us to show and hide certain activity groups later. Now, we’ll iterate through our parsed data and plot each trail on the map using Folium’s PolyLine and Marker objects. The PolyLine will represent the actual trail, while the Marker will act as a starting point for each activity. When you click on a marker, a popup will display relevant information about the corresponding trail. Conclusion In this journey of exploration and mapping, we’ve learned how to use to transform mundane GPX files into a dynamic and interactive map. Now, you can relive your outdoor adventures, celebrate your progress, and stay motivated for the next stage of your journey. Python and Folium However, there are many ways to customize, extend, and improve your map. So grab your GPX files, fire up Jupyter Notebook, and let your past outdoor activities come to life on the map! Happy mapping! What’s next? Stay tuned because there is much more to come: deploying a website with your map using AWS plotting elevation and speed profiles using Python and Plotly enhancing trails with pictures taken one the way and much more References All the code, including the Jupyter Notebook, is on . my GitHub While doing my research on Folium, I found by Patrick, who did the same thing I planned to do. His work was a great base to build upon my solution, so please check it out. a great article Jupyter Notebook Folium Pandas Also published . here

How I Used Python and Folium to Visualize My Outdoor Activities

কিভাবে আমি আমার বহিরঙ্গন ক্রিয়াকলাপ কল্পনা করতে পাইথন এবং ফোলিয়াম ব্যবহার করেছি

Wie ich Python und Folium verwendet habe, um meine Outdoor-Aktivitäten zu visualisieren

Cómo utilicé Python y Folium para visualizar mis actividades al aire libre

Comment j'ai utilisé Python et Folium pour visualiser mes activités de plein air

मैंने अपनी बाहरी गतिविधियों को देखने के लिए पायथन और फोलियम का उपयोग कैसे किया

Python と Folium を使用してアウトドア活動を視覚化した方法

Python과 Folium을 사용하여 야외 활동을 시각화하는 방법

Como usei Python e Folium para visualizar minhas atividades ao ar livre

Как я использовал Python и Folium для визуализации своих занятий на свежем воздухе

Açık Hava Etkinliklerimi Görselleştirmek için Python ve Folium'u Nasıl Kullandım

Cách tôi sử dụng Python và Folium để hình dung các hoạt động ngoài trời của mình

我如何使用 Python 和 Folium 可视化我的户外活动

Introduction is a development platform for building WEB, mobile, and desktop applications using HTML, CSS, and TypeScript (JavaScript). Currently, Angular is at version 14, and Google is the main maintainer of the project. Angular is an interactive maps component library that supports mobile devices. Leaflet Prerequisites Before you start, you need to install and configure the tools: git Node.js and npm Angular CLI IDE (e.g. ) Visual Studio Code Getting Started Create and Configure the Account on the Mapbox Let's create the account. Access the site and click on the button . 1. https://www.mapbox.com/ Sign up Fill in the fields , , , , , click on the checkbox and click on the button . 2. Username Email Password First name Last name I agree to the Mapbox Terms of Service and Privacy Policy Get started Check the registered email. 3. Click on the link in the email sent. 4. Copy the token displayed in the menu and, in my case, the token was displayed because this token will be configured in the Angular application. 5. Dashboard pk.eyJ1IjoiYnJhc2thbSIsImEiOiJja3NqcXBzbWoyZ3ZvMm5ybzA4N2dzaDR6In0.RUAYJFnNgOnnZAw Ready! Account created and token generated. 6. Create the Angular application Now let’s create the application with the Angular base structure using the with the route file and the SCSS style format. 1. @angular/cli ng new angular-leaflet
? Would you like to add Angular routing? Yes
? Which stylesheet format would you like to use? SCSS   [ https://sass-lang.com/documentation/syntax#scss                ]
CREATE angular-leaflet/README.md (1060 bytes)
CREATE angular-leaflet/.editorconfig (274 bytes)
CREATE angular-leaflet/.gitignore (604 bytes)
CREATE angular-leaflet/angular.json (3261 bytes)
CREATE angular-leaflet/package.json (1077 bytes)
CREATE angular-leaflet/tsconfig.json (783 bytes)
CREATE angular-leaflet/.browserslistrc (703 bytes)
CREATE angular-leaflet/karma.conf.js (1432 bytes)
CREATE angular-leaflet/tsconfig.app.json (287 bytes)
CREATE angular-leaflet/tsconfig.spec.json (333 bytes)
CREATE angular-leaflet/src/favicon.ico (948 bytes)
CREATE angular-leaflet/src/index.html (300 bytes)
CREATE angular-leaflet/src/main.ts (372 bytes)
CREATE angular-leaflet/src/polyfills.ts (2820 bytes)
CREATE angular-leaflet/src/styles.scss (80 bytes)
CREATE angular-leaflet/src/test.ts (788 bytes)
CREATE angular-leaflet/src/assets/.gitkeep (0 bytes)
CREATE angular-leaflet/src/environments/environment.prod.ts (51 bytes)
CREATE angular-leaflet/src/environments/environment.ts (658 bytes)
CREATE angular-leaflet/src/app/app-routing.module.ts (245 bytes)
CREATE angular-leaflet/src/app/app.module.ts (393 bytes)
CREATE angular-leaflet/src/app/app.component.scss (0 bytes)
CREATE angular-leaflet/src/app/app.component.html (24617 bytes)
CREATE angular-leaflet/src/app/app.component.spec.ts (1100 bytes)
CREATE angular-leaflet/src/app/app.component.ts (220 bytes)
✔ Packages installed successfully.
    Successfully initialized git. Install and configure the Bootstrap CSS framework. Complete steps 2 and 3 of the post . 2. Adding the Bootstrap CSS framework to an Angular application Configure the Mapbox token in the and files as below. 3. src/environments/environment.ts src/environments/environment.prod.ts mapbox: {
  accessToken: 'pk.eyJ1IjoiYnJhc2thbSIsImEiOiJja3NqcXBzbWoyZ3ZvMm5ybzA4N2dzaDR6In0.RUAYJFnNgOnn80wXkrV9ZA',
}, Create the folder and copy the and files. 4. src/assets/images marker-icon.png marker-shadow.png Install the and libraries. 5. leaflet @types/leaflet npm install leaflet @types/leaflet Configure the library. Change the file and add the file as below. 6. leaflet angular.json leaflet.css "styles": [
  "node_modules/bootstrap/scss/bootstrap.scss",
  "node_modules/bootstrap-icons/font/bootstrap-icons.css",
  "node_modules/leaflet/dist/leaflet.css",
  "src/styles.scss"
], Remove the contents of the class from the file. Import the service and create the , methods as shown below. 7. AppComponent src/app/app.component.ts leaflet getCurrentPosition loadMap import { AfterViewInit, Component } from '@angular/core';
import { Observable, Subscriber } from 'rxjs';
import * as L from 'leaflet';

import { environment } from '../environments/environment';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-root',
  templateUrl: './app.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./app.component.scss'],
})
export class AppComponent implements AfterViewInit {

  map: any;

  constructor() {
  }

  public ngAfterViewInit(): void {
    this.loadMap();
  }

  private getCurrentPosition(): any {
    return new Observable((observer: Subscriber<any>) => {
      if (navigator.geolocation) {
        navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition((position: any) => {
          observer.next({
            latitude: position.coords.latitude,
            longitude: position.coords.longitude,
          });
          observer.complete();
        });
      } else {
        observer.error();
      }
    });
  }

  private loadMap(): void {
    this.map = L.map('map').setView([0, 0], 1);
    L.tileLayer('https://api.mapbox.com/styles/v1/{id}/tiles/{z}/{x}/{y}?access_token={accessToken}', {
      attribution: 'Map data &copy; <a href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright">OpenStreetMap</a> contributors, Imagery © <a href="https://www.mapbox.com/">Mapbox</a>',
      maxZoom: 18,
      id: 'mapbox/streets-v11',
      tileSize: 512,
      zoomOffset: -1,
      accessToken: environment.mapbox.accessToken,
    }).addTo(this.map);

    this.getCurrentPosition()
    .subscribe((position: any) => {
      this.map.flyTo([position.latitude, position.longitude], 13);

      const icon = L.icon({
        iconUrl: 'assets/images/marker-icon.png',
        shadowUrl: 'assets/images/marker-shadow.png',
        popupAnchor: [13, 0],
      });

      const marker = L.marker([position.latitude, position.longitude], { icon }).bindPopup('Angular Leaflet');
      marker.addTo(this.map);
    });
  }

} Remove the contents of the file. Add the map tag as shown below. 8. src/app/app.component.html div <div class="container-fluid py-3">
  <h1>Angular Leaflet</h1>

  <div id="map"></div>
</div> Add the style in the file as shown below. 9. src/app/app.component.scss #map {
  height: 400px;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 600px;
} Run the application with the command below. 10. npm start

> angular-leaflet@1.0.0 start
> ng serve

✔ Browser application bundle generation complete.

Initial Chunk Files | Names         |      Size
vendor.js           | vendor        |   2.81 MB
styles.css          | styles        | 280.54 kB
polyfills.js        | polyfills     | 128.51 kB
scripts.js          | scripts       |  76.67 kB
main.js             | main          |  12.03 kB
runtime.js          | runtime       |   6.63 kB

                    | Initial Total |   3.30 MB

Build at: 2021-08-20T10:40:47.188Z - Hash: 030dfe6c9ea7ff5d80c2 - Time: 12256ms

** Angular Live Development Server is listening on localhost:4200, open your browser on http://localhost:4200/ **


✔ Compiled successfully. Ready! Access the URL and check if the application is working. Check that the application is working on and . 11. http://localhost:4200/ GitHub Pages Stackblitz The application repository is available at . https://github.com/rodrigokamada/angular-leaflet This tutorial was posted on my in portuguese. blog

Adding the map Leaflet component to an Angular application

Top 21 Companies Hiring for full time , Remote Work-from Home Jobs You probably know how hard it is and trying to find clients online or . What's worse is that you don't know who you can trust, and when it comes to exchanging time and money with someone online that lack of trust is frustrating. It prevents a lot of people from trying. In this review, I'll share my opinion on or working from home website for work from home jobs the best sites for remote work job sites for remote work. is particularly useful for parents and young people who can work from home while staying with their family and children. Given the benefits, are a very genuine and high customer base. You will definitely find a buyer looking for your skill in the Remote employment websites offering work from home best freelancing websites. Working from home or remote job will not only give you money but also give you all freedom you won't as living with family, working as per mood, time, and any place not as a fixed small cubical like sitting a place for 9 to 5 jobs. Here is the list of or top 21 websites offering work from home remote job websites: 1. Remote.co First on the list and also in the market. It has several companies more than 150+ and many of them are a big brand so you will get all genuine and trusted work. This is one of the strongest working portals. work from the home job Good payment, easy payout, and versatile choice of payment mode, you don’t have to worry about any payment related problems they also have a good support system so if you have any question feel free to ask them. 2. Flexjobs founder of flex job making this one also so all the above mention things are valid for this one also but its a bit different from above one as it is a job listing website it will list your job and provide you the customer from everywhere it can reach. Unlike remote.io it is a paying website. If you can spend little money than your investment will be going to pay you triple of that so it is worth it. 3. Jobexpreso Since Jobspresso mentions just remote employment, in a job posting you don't have to trudge through contingencies and fine printing in job listing — you'll realize it's really a career from home. Simply pick your interesting work and then find all remote work, or scan by type of occupation. Keep an eye on the place — certain jobs demand that you operate in a specific time zone and state. 4. Stackoverflow If you're a StackOverflow programmer or entrepreneur, it offers for you, plus it reliable and really old website so many businesses can find by searching. the best home jobs or remote work Mainly it is a discussion forum for developers, programmers but it also offers jobs as well from all reputed giants in the tech industry so if you have good programming skills then you will definitely get a high salary remote job. 5. Gun.io Perhaps one of the biggest Electronic work portals. They are linking excellent developers with outstanding businesses. They are genuinely champions within their network for freelancers and remote workers. Development Gun.io is a perfect place to give it your first shot if you decide to take the jump into freelancing jobs. High pay and best jobs will add great benefits to your assets as they are one of the top programming jobs websites. 6. Fiverr If you've ever looked for remote jobs websites, you've seen Fiverr in the chart. This website has lately become more popular thanks to its quick payout and stable payment method, leading to its large consumer base. There are several forms of employment open if you have some talent that you're certainly going to get customer searching for you, it's a must-try platform for remote work. It's a job-based marketplace so strive to make your project inexpensive and appealing so you can get clients to start operating you as an employer. 7. Freelancer As the name implies yes this is one of the best sites industry. Freelancer.com has an overwhelming range of assignments and even anybody who simply wishes to continue with remote work will register on freelancer.com. freelancing websites on the remote job This website is working on the bidding system so that you should have good communication skills to attract the buyer to your ability and show them that you can do the best and keep the price as low as possible. 8. Upwork An online platform that offers anybody the opportunity to earn a salary worthy of living a normal life. Many people have been living in different parts of the world and being unable to make enough for a normal life, Upwork changes that can provide fairly paid jobs for individuals who can deliver good results to their customers. 9. Peopleperhour Peopleperhour is a location-based website it will provide customers according to your region this will not only benefit you in remote working but also increase your customer base locally. If you ever want to stop remote work then you will have enough customers around you to convert this job into a business. Given the choice of its customers to employ location-based freelancers, you can choose to become a freelancer from anywhere. On this website, with more than 330,000 customers, you will definitely get a job that suits your skills and customer requirements. 10. Guru If you are trying to earn money online as a home job, there's no doubt that freelancing is a perfect way to make money online for that Guru is one of the best sites for that and it's one of the reasons I've added this to my list. Guru is young in this industry but day by day with its good management system it getting popular and many customers and freelancers joining it, so get your seat on this one as you will be going to get a good proposal in the future. 11. 99 designs If you're a designer of any kind including posters, models, stickers, designers of any kind then you should look for this the website it's payment scheme is special from others as this is a contest-based website if you win then you'll get charged. Even if you don't succeed, it's worth trying as it strengthens your abilities and brings good things to your portfolio, it's a win-win scenario, in the end, so do it certainly. 12.Truelancer Truelancer is really strong for content writers, creative writers, or any kind of writing jobs which are in demand so if you are one of them then this is a must-try place for you. They also provide other freelance positions, such as animation, illustration, web design, etc. so if you are not content the writer then also you can have a look at this website because trying every option is better then nothing. 13. We work remotely WeWorkRemotely is a subscription-based platform but the subscription is worth as you get high paying jobs there with full support from there service. The platform also has a much larger audience than rivals, due to its good environment and management. WeWorkRemotely pride of being the world's largest work from the home site, with millions of users a month (around 80,000 users a day). And Internet companies like Google and Amazon use this site to hire accordingly. 14. Outsourcely Outsourcely as the name suggests it is a fully open website for remote workers you will get a job with no investment or advertisement like other competitors in this field. All the above mention websites charge some fees like 3% to 10% but this does not charge a single penny from the home workers. If you want high and full payout then you should try this. 15. Appen Appen is also one of the best sites when it comes to the list of best remote working job websites. It is a genuine and very good competitor in this field to increase its customer base rapidly and providing more and more jobs and work to freelancers or remote workers. with more than 50000+ customer base and most of them being buyers you will be going to get a job instantly. 16. Concentrix This is best for a backup if any website doesn't work then go for it or use this in parallel with other remote work giving websites/companies as this website not pay you much but for extra income, it is a good option. The only negative thing about the work is that the salary isn't enough and isn't competitive with other businesses in the region! Nice job environment. Incredible operations. It also gave sufficient space for production. Very strong opportunities and the perfect way to hike successful results. 17. AngelList If you're in the environment looking for jobs from home, this platform can be a fantastic place to continue your remote journey. It contains about 25,000 free placed companies. startup Register yourself on this website and become the part of world-changing and unique startups from all over the world which will not only earn you a living but also make you proud and famous in this tech giants world. 18. Powertofly If you are a woman reading this then this is for you this website's aim is to provide work to every woman who is willing to work safely from there homes. You will find the most common type of remote-jobs, select your skill category, and start working. The best freelancing platforms offering women and independent mothers' jobs from home which are targeting at delivering the best job environment and raising women to strengthen in the male-dominant world. 19. Remoteok Remote ok is like flex job it posts your jobs requirement, not several websites and companies to get you the best customers without worrying about finding clients on your own. This website offers more than 25000 + employment and temporary jobs to your home. Work from home or a freelancer you will going to get a good amount of offers and several options. 20. Skip the drive SkipTheDrive is a customized career board with full and part-time jobs in a broad range of fields including jobs related to technical and technology-related work. For several of the jobs, the site tends to browse certain work boards, including CareerBuilder and ZipRecruiter. However, for telecommuting jobs, SkipTheDrive does a fine job of categorizing and culling. And, unlike FlexJobs and a number of other curated pages, it does not fee entry for work seekers. You don't really need to sign up for a career quest, which ensures you're much less likely to be spammed than if you're searching for jobs on some free platform then you can go for this. 21. Roamingdesk.com Is one of the best job boards we have come across it is easy to post jobs with not must fuss. The Posting of Jobs is free and jobs are keep on the board until the jobs offer is filled. The business is growing fast and they are open to posting most type of remote jobs. You can find the website at www.roamingdesk.com I hope you liked the list of top websites for remote work and work from home and have chosen the best website suitable for you to start your and live a better life while working and enjoying with family. work from the home journey

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