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Shimmer

Shimmering is present in almost all applications that have networking. When the task of making it on came up, given that the latter simplifies the work with the , I did not find a solution. All options were reduced to downloading fairly heavy libraries or writing a lot of code. However, I managed to find a solution, which allows me to make a shimmering on in a few lines of code. compose view compose Observations and Assumptions my solution won't cover 100% of the cases of shimmering, but it's easy to refine; my solution will be built around the method. There are probably more options, but this one seemed the easiest to me; Brush.linearGradient() Don't forget to include compose if it's a new project, like and others. The full algorithm for adding to a project can be found here: . buildFeatures {compose true}, composeOptions compose https://developer.android.com/jetpack/compose/setup Description I am first attaching the full code of the . You can copy it into your project and run it: ShimmeringActivity https://gist.github.com/45ccb35b9ae80fbddcd2ffc2c0678c44 As a result, you should have the following animation: Don't be intimidated by the orange and blue shimmering colors. I did this on purpose so that they would be easily distinguishable. The color can be changed to white, as it should be in your project. Let's go through the code. Let's start with an easy one: ShimmeringCompose(
   modifier = Modifier
       .width(300.dp)
       .height(150.dp),
   cornerRadius = 16.dp
) - the width, height and radius of the circle, as in any other compose view. width, height, cornerRadius val screenWidth = LocalConfiguration.current.screenWidthDp.dp - the found screen width. This is necessary to make the animation for all elements work synchronously. Otherwise, if there are several rectangles with different widths on the same screen, the shimmering for them will be out of sync, because the animation will run different distances at the same time. screenWidth val translateAnim by rememberInfiniteTransition().animateFloat(
   initialValue = 0f,
   targetValue = screenWidth.px,
   animationSpec = infiniteRepeatable(
       animation = tween(durationMillis = 1500, easing = FastOutSlowInEasing)
   )
) - methods for creating infinite animation. rememberInfiniteTransition().animateFloat(), infiniteRepeatable() - start and end value of the animation. initialValue, targetValue - method for configuring the animation. tween() - animation time. durationMillis - interpolation of the animation. easing The value of will change over time from to . The change logs: translateAnim initialValue targetValue translateAnim D: ShimmeringCompose: 1.2176096
D: ShimmeringCompose: 2.7215502
D: ShimmeringCompose: 7.4594655
D: ShimmeringCompose: 11.377052
D: ShimmeringCompose: 21.533459
D: ShimmeringCompose: 27.730642
D: ShimmeringCompose: 34.646053
D: ShimmeringCompose: 53.458187
D: ShimmeringCompose: 64.20549
D: ShimmeringCompose: 91.909676
D: ShimmeringCompose: 107.303856 val shimmerColorShades = listOf(Color(0xFFF37F19), Color(0xFF007CFF), Color(0xFFF37F19)) With this list the colors are set: blue in the center and orange on the edges. val brush = Brush.linearGradient(
   colors = shimmerColorShades,
   start = Offset(translateAnim, translateAnim),
   end = Offset(translateAnim + 70.dp.px, translateAnim + 35.dp.px)
) is a method for creating a gradient. Brush.linearGradient() In we assign the sheet of colors created above. colors is a shell class for assigning x and y coordinates Offset() The values 70 and 35 are chosen depending on the shimmering design in Figma. Box(modifier = modifier.background(brush = brush, shape = RoundedCornerShape(cornerRadius))) Create a object and assign to it in the values of and to create rounded corners. Box background() brush RoundedCornerShape You will also need a utility method to translate to : dp px val Dp.px: Float
    @Composable
    get() = with(LocalDensity.current) { this@px.toPx() } As a result, we get animation, as in the gif-picture at the beginning of the article. A few words about Brush.linearGradient() To understand how works, change the code in the to the following: Brush.linearGradient() ShimmeringActivity val brush = Brush.linearGradient(
   colors = shimmerColorShades,
   start = Offset(0f, 0f),
   end = Offset(0f, 100f)
) You will end up with the following picture: If you set , the shimmer bar will be parallel to the . The thickness will be , in this case 100f. Now insert the following code: x_start = x_end x-axis y_end - y_start val brush = Brush.linearGradient(
   colors = shimmerColorShades,
   start = Offset(0f, 0f),
   end = Offset(100f, 0f)
) You will get this picture: If you set the coordinates, the shimmer bar will be parallel to the . The thickness will be , in this case 100f. y_start = y_end y-axis x_end - x_start Thus, by manipulating the start and end coordinates, you can achieve the desired result. Conclusion As you can see, creating shimmering took about 25 lines of code, not including the code and the utility method for translating to . From my point of view, pulling in an additional library to create the shimmering makes no sense. Yes, my example isn't exactly clean from a code point of view: some variables aren't moved here and critical situations aren't handled. But it can be easily modified to the needs of your project. ShimmeringActivity px

Design Your Own Shimmering UI in 25 Lines of Code with Compose

So far, most of my playing with Generative AI has been on the prompt side, with no real look at the various settings you can tweak in your calls. As I'm still very new to this, I'm trying my best to take things slowly. But every time I open and see the settings on the right, I keep nagging myself to take a deeper look. Google AI Studio You can also see the various settings options in the default code Studio spits out: const generationConfig = {
	temperature: 0.9,
	topK: 1,
	topP: 1,
	maxOutputTokens: 2048,
};

const safetySettings = [
	{ category: HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_HARASSMENT, threshold: HarmBlockThreshold.BLOCK_MEDIUM_AND_ABOVE, },
	{ category: HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_HATE_SPEECH,	threshold: HarmBlockThreshold.BLOCK_MEDIUM_AND_ABOVE, },
	{ category: HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_SEXUALLY_EXPLICIT, threshold: HarmBlockThreshold.BLOCK_MEDIUM_AND_ABOVE, },
	{ category: HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_DANGEROUS_CONTENT, threshold: HarmBlockThreshold.BLOCK_MEDIUM_AND_ABOVE, },
]; I thought today I'd take a look at , as I had a rough idea of what it implied. Temperature, at a high level, refers to how 'varied' a particular generated response can be. As an example, if I were to say, "I like ____", then you could make a list of what the next word would be, rated by how likely it is: temperature very Cats (VERY LIKELY) Star Wars (LIKELY) Books (LIKELY) Vegetables (UNLIKELY) At the highest temperature value, there will be a of variety. At the lowest level, no variety. Now, from what I know, that does mean that every response will be the same. Just very similar. This post, , does a great job explaining temperature (and other settings). lot not "Creatively Deterministic: What are Temperature and Top_P in Generative AI?" While it's relatively easy in AI Studio to adjust the temperature setting you see above, what I really wanted was a tool to help me see multiple results at once. So, I built one. :) Temperature Testing Tool My tool begins with a simple prompt: This is pretty vanilla HTML, so I won't share the code here (I've got a link to everything down below). Upon hitting the button, that's where the magic begins. Here's the JavaScript: // Testing ranges for temperature
const tempRanges = [0, 0.3, 0.6, 1];

// How many times to test per temp.
const perTemp = 2;

let $status, $results;

document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', init, false);
async function init() {
	document.querySelector('#submitBtn').addEventListener('click', handleSubmit, false);
	$status = document.querySelector('#status i');
	$results = document.querySelector('#results');
} I begin with some variable declarations and a listener for . The first two variable sections are the crucial ones. Temperature values go from 0 (focus on only the highest probable response) to 1 (be more creative), and I decided to test four values in that range. DOMContentLoaded For each range in the array of temperatures, I do two tests. My thinking was that two results would be enough to see the variance in one particular temperature value. Carrying on... async function handleSubmit(e) {
	e.preventDefault();
	$results.innerHTML = '';

	let prompt = document.querySelector('#prompt').value.trim();
	if(prompt === '') return;

	/*
	We are going to loop perTemp times for each tempRange. In order to not
	get stopped by Gemini for too many requests, and to provide feedback to the user, 
	I'll report after each tempRange
	*/
	for(temp of tempRanges) {
		$status.innerText = `Getting results for temperature ${temp}.`;
		let promises = [];
		for(let i=0; i<perTemp; i++) {
			promises.push(getResult(prompt, temp));
		}

		let results = await Promise.all(promises);
		let html = `<h2>Temperature ${temp}</h2>`;
		for(let i=0; i < results.length; i++) {
			html += `
<p>
Result #${i+1}:<br/>
${results[i]}
</p>`;
		}
		$results.innerHTML += html;
		console.log(results);
	}

	$status.innerText = ``;
	
}

async function getResult(prompt, temperature) {
	console.log(`Calling getResult with prompt ${prompt} and ${temperature}`);
	let body = {
		prompt, 
		temperature
	};
	let req = await fetch('/api', { method: 'POST', body: JSON.stringify(body)});
	return await req.json();
} In this code, I loop over the range of temperatures and then make my two sample calls. When done, I render it out to the screen. The last function simply passes my prompt and temperature to the backend API. I'll share a screenshot, but it's a wall of text. This is only a small portion: long The backend is a lightweight Node.js server that basically handles outputting my HTML and responding to the request by the client-side JavaScript. Let's take a look at that, specifically the portion handling the Google Gemini call: POST import { GoogleGenerativeAI, HarmCategory, HarmBlockThreshold } from '@google/generative-ai';

const MODEL_NAME = "gemini-pro";
const API_KEY = process.env.GOOGLE_AI_KEY;

const genAI = new GoogleGenerativeAI(API_KEY);
const model = genAI.getGenerativeModel({ model: MODEL_NAME });

async function callGemini(text, temperature) {

	const generationConfig = {
		temperature,
		topK: 1,
		topP: 1,
		maxOutputTokens: 2048,
	};

	const safetySettings = [
		{ category: HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_HARASSMENT, threshold: HarmBlockThreshold.BLOCK_MEDIUM_AND_ABOVE, },
		{ category: HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_HATE_SPEECH,	threshold: HarmBlockThreshold.BLOCK_MEDIUM_AND_ABOVE, },
		{ category: HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_SEXUALLY_EXPLICIT, threshold: HarmBlockThreshold.BLOCK_MEDIUM_AND_ABOVE, },
		{ category: HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_DANGEROUS_CONTENT, threshold: HarmBlockThreshold.BLOCK_MEDIUM_AND_ABOVE, },
	];

	const parts = [
    	{text},
  	];

	const result = await model.generateContent({
		contents: [{ role: "user", parts }],
		generationConfig,
		safetySettings,
	});

	const response = result.response.candidates[0].content.parts[0].text;
	
	return response;
} This is pretty much the exact code spit out by Studio but wrapped into a function where the prompt and temperature can be passed in. This function has error handling, and that absolutely bit me in the butt. I'm going to be taking a look at those errors, and how to handle them, in a future blog post. no So what did I find? Results Here are the results of using the prompt: "Tell me a story about cats." First, temperature 0. Result 1 Once upon a time, in a quaint little town nestled amidst rolling hills, there lived a mischievous cat named Mittens. Mittens was known throughout the neighborhood for her playful antics and her insatiable curiosity. One sunny afternoon, as Mittens was basking in the warmth of the sunbeam that streamed through the window, she noticed a peculiar sound coming from the kitchen. Intrigued, she hopped off the window sill and tiptoed towards the source of the noise. Upon entering the kitchen, Mittens discovered a group of kittens huddled around a bowl of milk. Their tiny paws were eagerly reaching for the sweet liquid, and their eyes sparkled with delight. Mittens, being the adventurous cat she was, couldn't resist joining in on the fun. With a playful leap, Mittens landed gracefully in the midst of the kittens. She purred loudly, her tail swishing back and forth as she rubbed against their soft fur. The kittens, initially startled by the sudden intrusion, soon warmed up to Mittens' friendly presence. Together, they formed a circle around the bowl of milk, their whiskers twitching as they lapped up the delicious treat. Mittens, being the eldest and most experienced cat, took it upon herself to teach the kittens proper table manners. She showed them how to take turns and how to avoid spilling the milk. As the kittens learned and grew, they developed a deep bond with Mittens. They looked up to her as their mentor and protector. Mittens, in turn, cherished her role as the leader of the pack. She spent her days playing with the kittens, teaching them valuable life lessons and keeping them safe from harm. Word of Mittens' extraordinary kindness and wisdom spread throughout the town. People would often bring their cats to her, seeking her advice and guidance. Mittens welcomed each and every cat with open paws, offering them comfort, support, and a sense of belonging. And so, Mittens became known as the "Guardian Cat" of the town. She was loved and respected by all, both humans and cats alike. Her legacy lived on for generations, inspiring countless cats to follow in her paw prints and spread joy and kindness wherever they went. Result 2 Once upon a time, in a quaint little town nestled amidst rolling hills, there lived a mischievous cat named Mittens. Mittens was known throughout the neighborhood for her playful antics and her insatiable curiosity. One sunny afternoon, as Mittens was basking in the warmth of the sunbeam that streamed through the window, she noticed a peculiar sound coming from the kitchen. Intrigued, she hopped off the window sill and tiptoed towards the source of the noise. Upon entering the kitchen, Mittens discovered a group of kittens huddled around a bowl of milk. Their tiny paws were eagerly lapping up the delicious liquid, their whiskers quivering with delight. Mittens, unable to resist the temptation, joined the kittens and began to partake in the feast. As they drank, Mittens couldn't help but notice that one of the kittens was smaller and weaker than the others. It struggled to keep up with its siblings, and its eyes held a look of longing. Mittens, being the compassionate cat that she was, decided to help the little kitten. With a gentle nudge, Mittens pushed the other kittens aside and made room for the weaker one. She then curled her tail around the kitten, providing it with warmth and comfort. The little kitten, grateful for Mittens' kindness, nuzzled against her fur and began to purr softly. As the kittens continued to drink their milk, Mittens couldn't help but feel a sense of fulfillment. She had not only satisfied her own hunger but had also brought joy and comfort to a fellow creature. From that day forward, Mittens became known as the neighborhood's guardian angel. She would often be seen playing with the kittens, teaching them how to climb trees and chase butterflies. She would also bring them food and shelter when they were in need. The kittens, in turn, adored Mittens and would follow her everywhere she went. They would purr and rub against her legs, showing their affection and gratitude. And so, Mittens lived a long and happy life, surrounded by the love and companionship of her feline friends. She taught the town's residents the importance of kindness and compassion, and her legacy lived on long after she was gone. Notice that both start off the same and then diverge. To save on space, I'll skip to temperature 1 next. Result 1 Once upon a time, in a bustling city called Willow Brook, there lived a calico cat named Mittens. Mittens had a reputation for being a fearless explorer, always curious and eager for adventure. One day, Mittens embarked on her biggest expedition yet. She had heard rumors of a secret garden hidden deep within the city park, and she was determined to find it. When nightfall came, Mittens began her adventure, carefully sneaking out of her home and into the park. The park was silent, illuminated only by the soft glow of the moon. As she tiptoed through the winding paths, a faint scent of flowers carried by the wind caught her attention. Mittens followed the scent until she stumbled upon a large tree. Its branches were laden with bountiful blooms, and a gentle breeze sent petals raining down on her. Suddenly, a soft voice whispered, "Welcome, little traveler." Mittens looked around, her eyes widening in astonishment. Sitting on a branch was a beautiful cat; its fur shimmered like the night sky. "I am Esmerelda," the cat said, "and you are Mittens, the brave calico." Mittens was amazed. She had heard stories about Esmerelda, a magical cat said to hold the secret to unlocking the hidden garden. "Yes, Mittens," Esmerelda continued, "you have found the Enchanted Garden. But to enter, you must pass three challenges." Without hesitation, Mittens agreed. Her first challenge was to find a golden key hidden within the roots of an oak tree. With her sharp claws and determined spirit, Mittens discovered the key, its surface glowing brightly. Next, Esmerelda asked Mittens to gather dewdrops from the heart of a moonflower blossom. As Mittens gracefully leaped and climbed the tall stems, she carefully collected the sparkling dew in a tiny seashell. Finally, Mittens' last challenge was to sing a song that would make the trees sway and the flowers bloom. As Mittens lifted her voice, her melodious' tune enchanted the garden, which sprang to life with vibrant colors and dazzling lights. Esmeralda smiled, "Well done, little traveler. You have passed the challenges." With a gentle paw, Esmerelda touched the large oak tree, causing it to slowly open like a door, revealing an awe-inspiring paradise. Inside the Enchanted Garden, Mittens found lush meadows, sparkling fountains, and exotic creatures playing among the trees. It was a place of wonder and joy as if every storybook she had ever heard had come true. Mittens spent the entire night exploring the magical realm, amazed by its beauty. As dawn broke, she turned to Esmerelda and said, " Thank you for sharing this incredible place with me. Esmerelda purred softly. "You are welcome, Mittens. As long as you believe in magic, the garden will always be here for you to explore." From that day forward, Mittens became the guardian of the Enchanted Garden, a place where she could always find solace, friendship, and a sense of belonging among the natural beauty of Willow Brook. And so, the legend of the brave calico and the Enchanting Garden lived on, brought to life of the belief in magic and the wonders that can be found when one dares to explore beyond the ordinary. Result 2 Once upon a time, in a small and charming town called Willow Creek, nestled amidst rolling hills and blooming meadows, there lived two extraordinary cats. One was a sleek and graceful Siamese named Luna, whose shimmering white fur and piercing blue eyes radiated elegance and mystique. Her every movement exuded nimbleness, gliding through the streets of Willow Creek with an air of regal composure. Meet the second cat, a tabby by the name of Max, a playful and mischievous soul adorned with a coat of orange and black stripes. His sparkling green eyes twinkled with a mischievous glint; ears always perked, ever alert to the adventures that awaited him. His playful antics had become a legend among the townspeople, who were often greeted by his friendly antics and joyful meows. The companionship between Luna and Max was a sight to behold. They were inseparable, roaming the cobblestone streets together, their playful pursuits leading them to alleyways and secret paths known only to them. Their friendship was a true testament to the unwavering spirit and unbreakable bond between cats. During the day, they would bask lazily in the warm sunlight that bathed the town square, absorbing the melody of children playing and the laughter of friends sharing stories. At night, under the velvet sky adorned with shimmering stars, they would chase elusive fireflies and embark on daring expeditions, exploring the town's hidden nooks and crannies, their soft paw steps barely disturbing the tranquil silence. Many a local came to rely on the presence of Luna and Max, knowing that their playful chases and affectionate purrs brought an unexplainable joy and warmth to the heart. The elderly, feeling isolated, found solace in their presence, witnessing a simple yet profound beauty in their interactions. Children were captivated by their antics, watching in delight as they climbed trees or chased each other through the flowerbeds. One day, a traveling circus arrived in Willow Creek, filled with fanfare and vibrant colors. Luna and Max, captivated by the excitement, couldn't resist exploring the wonders this circus held. As they ventured into the largest tent, they were greeted with the mesmerising spectacle of trained cats, performing incredible feats of agility and balance. Inspired by their newfound passion, Luna and Max made a daring decision - they ran away to join the circus! They honed their skills tirelessly, practicing their balancing acts and performing stunning leaps. Their dedication and unwavering friendship caught the attention of the ringmaster, who recognized their talent and potential. Finally, the moment arrived when Luna and Max took center stage, their hearts pounding with excitement and anticipation. The audience, holding their breath in anticipation, witnessed an extraordinary performance, a mesmerizing ballet of agility and grace. Luna's elegant poise and Max's playful energy combined to create a symphony of motion that left the spectators awe-inspired. News of Luna and Max's incredible talents spread like wildfire, and they became stars of the circus, sharing their joy and laughter with audiences of all ages. Their unwavering friendship remained the heart of their performances, a symbol of the magical bond between cats that touched the hearts of all who witnessed their amazing journey. And so, Luna and Max, once ordinary cats roaming the streets of Willow Creek, found their destined path in the spotlight of the circus ring, leaving behind a legacy of a friendship that defied the ordinary and inspired the extraordinary in others. As you can tell, even if you only skimmed it, these are much more varied. I found having all these variations on screen at once, from the same prompt, a easy way to help me understand the impact of temperature. If you want to try this yourself, you can grab the bits here: real https://github.com/cfjedimaster/ai-testingzone/tree/main/temp_tester Download the code, the required bits, and set an environment variable for your Google API key. Run the script ( ) and it will open up a web server on port 3000. Lastly, just open that up with your browser. npm i node script.js As always, let me know what you think. I've got some ideas for other tools like this as a way of learning generative AI! Also published . here

Testing Generative AI Temperature Settings with Some Cat Stories

A lone boy stood, staring at the star-speckled sky, his mind drawn to the girl just a few feet from where he lay. She was a beauty, that one. He couldn’t believe she was his. Every single thing she did screamed Art. The way she linked her fingers together, the way she smiled. The one girl who knew so much about him, yet… she didn’t shy away from his questionable past. As the emotions threatened to pull him under, he shook his head to clear his thoughts and face what was before him. “A shooting star!” She screamed in excitement as she pointed at that far-off speck in the sky, becoming larger and larger by the second. “That is no shooting star.” He managed to say, fear clogging his throat. He took in the lush grass swaying in the night wind, the beauty of the stars that more or less blotted out the sky. Then, he turned to look at the girl on the ground a few feet away. She was sitting up by then, fear morphing her once beautiful features into something unspeakable. “What is that?” Her voice quaked as she asked, and he closed his eyes momentarily to stop the bile from going up his throat. “Our death.” He said, not mincing words. His throat bobbed with unspoken words and something else underlying. “I’ve always loved you. I just- I just wanted you to know. This once.” He squeezed the words out of his mouth, wrangling them like one would do to a piece of wet cloth. “You? I’ve always seen you as just a friend.” She turned towards him then, his eyes red from tears. But he was grateful for that moment. He got her to look at him finally. And her eyes shone with regret. The screams came first as the she saw earlier was big enough to blot out the stars in the sky. And the heat. God, the heat. He felt as though he was being cooked from the inside out. shooting star The sky boiled like a cauldron; giant drops of fire rained down from the clouds, turning the lush green grass into something out of Hades’s fantasy. Blades of grass crumbled before his eyes. Withering without as much as a touch from him and fizzing out of existence, flames taking its place. The greenery is overtaken by the force that darkened the universe and turned rivers into lakes of fire. She screamed the most. He didn’t. He just watched the shooting star fall and gave a small smile. She was never his to own anyway. * Darren. That was his name. The man-boy with the power to manipulate space at his whims. He was a prodigy even among his peers in Earth 75. They had hoverboards to trapeze through space. That’s right, hoverboards. Fuelled with nothing more than gravel and sand. “Gloating again? That’s not very of you.” He rolled his eyes at the voice that came from just behind him. Glenna. His childhood friend. If you can count a hundred years as childhood. Before they settled—before the metamorphosis, they never grew older than the teenage age. But, after settling for five years and being a pain in the butt for half of those he called his cadre, he realized that he was ready for metamorphosis. But then, Glenna wasn’t. Hence, he had to stop halfway and wait for her to be. ladylike “I’m not a lady, for crying out loud. This is argument number what? Five thousand and seven?” He groaned, using flawless fingers to massage his forehead. Glenna just laughed as she walked towards him. Or, more like, she glided. She had more interest in the hoverboards than he did. The room was no larger than two children’s playroom, yet it had enough space due to his meticulousness. Not a strand of space is out of place, exactly how he wanted it to be. “Number five thousand and eight. You missed one.” She laughed, planting a wet kiss on his skin. He would have gone as red as beetroot if she didn’t deftly move the conversation elsewhere. “So, I need to weave a new dress. You’ve been called a genius for so long that it has become music to my ears. I need a strand of space to weave into a cloak I’m almost done making.” She tendered her request before him, and he took in her presence. She was young, after refusing the metamorphosis for the third time. Yet.. she had eyes of peace. The brown of her irises reminded him of worlds he hadn’t dared to touch for fear of breaking them apart. He’d seen them in his wakings. They were peaceful and oh, so beautiful. The serenity in them was what drew him to them at first. “Okay, I will. But why just a strand? Why not a whole chunk?” He asked as she raised her eyebrows at him, and he almost melted into the chair he sat on. If you can call it sitting. It was a haphazard view, an upturned table, yet he was upright. The world he’d come to know extended universes and eternities. It was a world of madness, but at least it was his. “One sec.” He said, raising his hand in mock surrender. Then, everything stopped. As his concentration cleared the level of the primordial beings, he tore a portal through the world. It was a red wiggly thing struggling to close, but he held it open with sheer willpower alone. When he found out that portals were alive, he decided to lord over them one way or another. They didn’t make it easy for him, though. While it wiggled, he stretched a hand into the portal and drew a strand out of that limitless vastness, loping it through his fingers like a struggling worm. It shimmered in and out of existence, blue like the untold skies, red as fiery dragons and demons of worlds he’d only read about. “Got you.” He smiled as he held a strand. Then, the world went to hell. Before he could remove his hand from the portal, it yawned like a gaping chasm and swallowed him whole. He was screaming, but Glenna was still in timeless mode. She wouldn’t know what happened. That is mercy. That has to be. Then, the world shut itself as the portal consumed the world he’d known all of his existence and winked out of reality. The screams didn’t come. Nothing did. * Carrion. That was his name. His name. His name. He tried to hold on to it, but it slipped out of his grasp like an eel, and he followed after it, crawling after his name with it on the tip of his tongue. What was his name again? Ca.. Ca what? What was his name? The man with scars lining his body like the universe's stars was lost. He tried to think. He tried to remember where he was. Yes. He was fighting Archanoid—the mother of spiders. One could even call her a deity. He dodged an incoming web made of madness and silk, woven with anger and hate. She was large, towering above him like he was a pesky fly. He hated that. He was the warrior who battled nightmares and abominations. He had to win. But then, what was his name? His name.. what was it again? He flew out of the way as an incubator shattered where he stood one second earlier. She wasn’t playing. “Foolish mortal. Do you think you can harm me? It doesn’t matter who you are, World Walker. You can’t escape from me.” She spoke, venom dripping out of those pincer-like things. They made a clanging sound as he swallowed, looking into those red eyes that had intelligence to them, something beyond the years. “One last chance. I will give it to you. Remember, pride and ego cannot win this war. Maybe you and the others can.” And then, before he could ask what she meant.. a scary sharp finger elongated from her finger, and she him out like a fly. flicked There was screaming. And then, there was nothing. * He woke up with a groan. There were several groans across him, and he was shocked to realize that he wasn’t dead. He wasn’t scorched. But he didn’t remember what his name was. He remembered her, recognized the girl who took him as a friend before the world became a sea of fire. Why, then, was he unhurt? The others stood on shaky feet, an otherworldly feel to them. There was something he just couldn’t place. They wore things he’d never heard of, or perhaps the dark skins rippling with fire and the darkness of the deep. Maybe it was the blades of darkness in the place where teeth were meant to be, but there was something.. out of place. One of them wore nightmares on his skin; he could see death. Death rippled with muscles and scars that seemed to blot out the skin. But strangely, he didn’t feel fear. “So, an explanation is in order?” He said to no one in particular. Even the being who looked as though he was 25 and 15 at the same time. As though the world couldn’t decide on his age and let him be both instead. He noticed that this being wasn’t standing on his two feet. He was.. hovering. “We’ll see soon enough.” A boy his age spoke, and he stared at him in wonderment, wondering how alike they were. The way the boy squinted made it glaring that he used glasses to see. Same with him. Even though he didn’t even know their names, they were about ten. Some had hands for feet, and others weren’t even walking on the bare ground. They just.. existed. There was no way to explain their existence, so he didn’t bother. “An explanation.. for this. All of this.” Another boy spoke, and he didn’t balk this time. He just waited. “Here it comes.” The boy who spoke was already running. “Here, what comes? What?” He asked, but everybody else had cleared out of that barren field. The world he was in was empty. There is no sign of green. No sign of brown either. It was as though the world was drained out of colour, and no matter where he looked, despair loomed. He felt them before he saw them. He knew who they were before they spoke. And even without an introduction, he knew everything about them. The Destroyers Of Worlds. They smiled; one hovered just like that man-boy. One had skin with uncountable scars. And then, he saw himself. That cruel smile, that deadly presence. He felt a chill that had nothing to do with the weather. Someone dragged him by the scruff of his hood, and he felt.. everything. There was no other way to describe what happened. Then, he turned to stare at the other him with a cruel smile as that being let out an inferno where he was standing a moment before. It was… hot. But strangely, he wasn’t burning. He wasn’t even singed. He was.. okay. The man-boy dropped him on the ground unceremoniously, and he muttered his thanks, but the others just raised their eyebrows, staring at the beings beyond them. Beings with their faces. Beings with enough power to destroy universes. It was them. Ageless. Timeless. With a snap of a finger, they were gone like they didn’t just lay waste to a large expanse of space. “I think I know what’s going on…” A tenacious finger went up, and the squinted boy was allowed to speak. “That is us. Timeless us. And.. we destroyed our universes. Now.. we have to fight against the us that are world destroyers.” “We don’t have a choice to decline?” The man-boy asked. “We have doomed worlds. This.. is penance.” The boy spoke again, his eyes filled with trepidation and resignation. “So, we were summoned here to kill our future selves? That’s a sick sense of humor.” “This world is sick, and when the Arachnoid told me, I didn’t believe it.” The man with the scars spoke, and his scars seemed alive, melding with his body. “Can you tell us what an Arachnoid is?” Another asked. So, he told them. Everything. “Pride and ego, huh?” A guy spoke, and they finally understood what they had to do. “This is depraved. All of this. Depraved. What the hell?” He spoke, shaking with anger. “Hell doesn’t exist, apparently. Future us made sure the world became it.” A brittle laughter from the man-boy. “This is it, then? We die in a land of no name? Our names were stolen from us. I can’t dredge up a single memory.” The scarred man said, eyes smouldering. I could tell he was pissed off. “This is our penance.” The squinting boy said again, and I was tempted to throw him out of the universe. Such a goody two shoes. “I don’t care. Whatever I have to do, I will do it. And it doesn’t matter who’s on the line. I have to go back home. Also, you can’t fight fire with water. Not in my world, anyway. It takes a monster to kill another. We will take the unorthodox approach. Did they want to seclude us and destroy us? World Walkers, indeed. Bastards more likely. I won’t take that. Neither should any of you. We have the power. Can’t you feel it? We can change things.” The man-boy spoke fervently, his eyes filled with loss, anger, and something else. “That’s right. We won’t let them decide for us. If we have to die, we might as well raise hell before we do. Now, we need a name.” The hooded boy spoke, and the others nodded in approval. “How does sound?” There were hoots of approval, some going as far as clapping. Then, they stared at the sky at once. Drained of colour. But then, the World between Worlds had always been a resting place for World Walkers. The Restorer of Worlds They had to fight. And this time, they had to fight themselves. Their memories returned, and they could see themselves in the past, present, and future—the Destroyer of Worlds. No more. They decided not to make the same mistakes. Not again. This time, they’d restore all they destroyed. As the squinty-eyed kid said, it was penance.

PENANCE 

Let's learn about via these 63 free stories. They are ordered by most time reading created on HackerNoon. Visit the to find the most read stories about any technology. Space /Learn Repo 1. Exodus from Mars Mother Earth, the womb of the solar system. Every other place, foster homes for her unwanted children. What is next? 2. The Impact of Web3 and Blockchain on the Space Industry How can Web3 and Blockchain, two new technologies that are more associated with grifting and scams have anything to do with the space race? 3. Lets Go Beyond Nuclear Fusion and Extract Energy from Blackholes I actually have been thinking about this for many years, and up until recently it has been confirmed. This is nothing new, as cosmologist and thermonuclear physicist Yakov Zeldovich have discussed this nearly half a century ago. 4. The Westall UFO Incident Explained In Under 5 Minutes The Westall UFO [incident] occurred on April 6, 1966, in the Melbourne suburb of Westall, Victoria, Australia. The incident involved multiple reports of... 5. DIY Tutorial: Building a System to Track and Communicate with Satellites in Orbit The purpose of my project is to build a system for tracking satellites in orbit and will make it possible to communicate with the satellites 6. Why Every Company Will Eventually Become a Space Company At some point, every company will become a space company. Sounds stupid at the moment but soon all companies will want to be part of the industry. Here's how. 7. How Twilio Sent Code to Space In a first of its kind mission, Twilio invited participants to launch their code into the stratosphere, and have it run in space. 8. “A robot army isn’t an ideal opponent, but I would have a water gun” Naturally, another good portion of the population would be trying to destroy everything around them for stupidity’s sake. 9. I'll pick up the check - from space! Everyone is all like, don't come back from space Jeff, but let me you tell you something, I am single and ready to mingle. 10. Can Mankind Survive as an Interplanetary Species? Humanity is well on the way to becoming an interplanetary species, but can we overcome the challenges of survival on another planet? 11. With Close to $100 million in Total Sales in Metaverses, NFTs Are Boosting Commerce in Metaverses Space is a 3D virtual world experience which provides its citizens powerful tools to create content, build businesses, interact collaboratively, and own and mon 12. Nominee Paul Bailey is Building the Future of Automated Space Systems Paul Bailey from the United States has been nominated for a 2020 Noonie in the Software Development category. He is a System Architect at CognitiveSpace, a company performing R&D in the field of aerospace engineering. 13. How to Build SpaceX’s Starship The Starship is a reusable heavy-lift launch vehicle (rocket) designed to travel to space with cargo and humans on board. 14. What Is Elon Musk's Deal with Space Colonization and Underpopulation? Elon Musk is just too busy to explain why we should worry more about underpopulation than the overpopulation problem. 15. Videos About Space We Shouldn't Undervalue ▶️ Ok, let's explore a few cool videos that I think a lot of addicted to space people should watch. 16. This Swiss Company is Building a Constellation of Nano-Satellites Astrocast is a company working to provide 100% of global coverage for IoT with an innovative constellation of nano-satellites. 17. Student Spaceshot Rocket Clubs — Part 1 (USA) In the past few years, liquid propulsion and spaceshot rocket clubs have popped up at high schools and colleges worldwide. Let's take a look at some of them. 18. Everything You Need to Know About Nasa's Perseverance Rover NASA's latest and greatest $2.7 Billion rover, Perseverance, was launched on July 30, 2020. It was a huge deal, and you're probably confused as to why. NASA's Jet Propulsion Lab manufactured Percy, and it is expected to land on Mars on February 18, 2021. Though it looks like a tiny robot to the eye, it is the size of an SUV and weighs 1025 kg (2260 lb). Let's start with the purpose of the whole mission. Perseverance serves four purposes. 19. Starship Transformer: Launch And Land Anywhere  Even In Wind The moment SpaceX mastered rocket engine vectoring all kinds of cool new space ship design possibilities suddenly opened. 20. What is SpaceX's Starlink Project? - A Brief Summary SpaceX is preparing to deliver high-speed internet to the world by sending about 30 thousand satellites into the Earth's orbit. 21. Tesla Cybertruck: Built for Mars, Available on Earth Elon Musk is known for his incredibly ambitious, multi-year visions for the future. Tesla’s initial Master Plan, funding cheap vehicles with expensive ones, was realized with the Model 3. Now the Cybertruck is part of a whole new Master Plan that has much more to do with SpaceX than Tesla. You might love the Cybertruck, or you might hate it, but it was never designed for you. Cybertruck was designed to be extremely rugged, Mars rugged. 22. Merging The Galaxies With The Metaverse Space research meets the metaverse using advanced technologies like blockchain, AI, VR and cryptocurrency. Explore multiple use cases of metaverse in space and 23. We Need Some SPACE: What Is Missing From DORA? The SPACE framework offers a holistic approach which takes into account wellbeing, collaboration and satisfaction alongside the usual performance metrics. 24. Fermi Paradox: Is Earth on Quarantine? Someone asks me a year ago about what Fermi Paradox is. And it's not a simple question, especially when you dig deeper. So I'm sharing a list of excellent clips that you might enjoy. Especially with recent news from our science friends - I think this article should be published. 25. Sustainable Agriculture, Space Colonization, And Food Security Challenges As humans colonize space, advances in key agricultural technologies are key to achieving long term survivability and also help Earth at the same time. 26. On MoonDAO's Unending Ambition to Decentralize The Space Industry MoonDAO will stop at nothing to decentralize the space industry, or so it seems, and with a consortium of 1,000 crypto investors throwing 2,620 ETH behind it 27. A Beginner's Guide for Alien Invaders Exclusively on HackerNoon! An original never-before-published science fiction story! 28. The Minkowski's Four-Dimensional Space Relativity: The Special and General Theory by Albert Einstein is part of HackerNoon’s Book Blog Post series. 29. Always Bet Musk's Oxen! Fresh off the Virgin Martian Express, Jackson had a layover at the Blue Origin moon base. He was trying to get to the Starbase Autonomous Zone 30. Why SpaceX’s Historic Starship Flight Wasn't a “Failure” This week, the coverage of one of humanity’s most impressive milestones was reduced to a climax of fire. Starship didn’t fail. Science divulgation, however, might have. 31. The Noonification: Can Mankind Survive as an Interplanetary Species?  (10/20/2022) 10/20/2022: Top 5 stories on the Hackernoon homepage! 32. Advancements in Airplane Tech Could Lead Major Airports to Become Spaceports Hypersonic aviation is going to open up more opportunities than it realises and airports need to be on the ball to become spaceports themselves. 33. Why Netflix’s Squid Game is NOT Close to Reality I'm not thrilled, and I'm far away from being obsessed with Netflix's Squid Game. 34. The Universe is So Big, Aliens Must Exist This Slack discussion by Utsav Jaiswal, Arthur, Patrick Lee (Mentor) and Limarc occurred in hackernoon's official #slogging-beta channel. 35. Spacecraft Engineering Models: How to Migrate UML to TypeQL How to map UML to TypeQL. Read how the European Space Agency migrated their spacecraft engineering models from UML to TypeQL for use in a TypeDB database. 36. Big ‘Earth Observation’ Data: Challenges and Applications As nearly a thousand Earth observation satellites currently orbit the planet, terabytes of remote sensing data and satellite imagery of land, vegetation, water bodies, glaciers, urban landscapes, and other geographic features become available for end users across multiple industries. Modern GIS systems allow the collection of all such geospatial data in one place for a comprehensive analysis of the area under study. 37. SpaceX Starlink Master Plan A parody, not written by Elon Musk 38. The Computational Infrastructure Behind Habidatum Location Risk Score Learn about space-time indexing at scale using quadkeys and clickhouse. 39. UFOs: Five things we can be pretty sure about technologically superior civilizations If we believe in evolution then, however, sophisticated form of life they are. They probably evolved from the simplest life forms  daily fighting for survival. 40. Main Reasons To Build Intelligent Space Stations With An Artificial Gravity It’s been the dream of many space enthusiasts from the 1960s to live in an intelligent artificial gravity space station ever since it was popularized by NASA chief scientist Von Braun and the legendary film: ‘Space Odyssey: 2001’. Unfortunately, generating artificial gravity for astronauts was not a priority for NASA as astronauts were able to reduce some of the impact of weightlessness on their bodies thanks to a ruthless exercise regimen. Further, a ship that contains a centrifuge for generating artificial gravity would be extremely expensive to launch to orbit. So, NASA ended up sticking with a compact and modular station that is more affordable with their budget and that doesn’t deal with weightlessness risk and accepted the risks it posed to astronauts in the international space station. Below is a comprehensive list of health risks astronauts face in the zero-g space station. Weightlessness risks are highlighted in the red box. 41. Quantum Origin, CosmicOS, and Lambda Calculus In regards to Quantum Origin, you may have read my post from June. This is a follow up to it. In our observable universe, it seems infinite in terms of the scale everything is in, whether going on in the micro, nano or cosmic scales and beyond. I followed up on the fact that there are certain mathematical patterns in regards to everything and I'm evidentially wanting to make a theory of everything. Proof in regards to my mathematical proposals in terms of computation would be solving the holy grail of man's biggest questions. While I'm confident in regards to the math and the way things are structured, there are things I have thought about in regards to taking things a step further. 42. About Man's Need to Go to Space Human Expansion: the space industrialization 43. Building a Decentralized and Uncensorable Internet — The Nexus Protocol Building a Decentralized and Uncensorable Internet — The Nexus Protocol 44. NASA Discovers Evidence of ‘Water Worlds’ in Deep Space Scientists have spotted two water worlds, Kepler-138 c and Kepler-138 d, that they think could be teeming with water. 45. How Starlink is Disrupting the Internet Starlink, by SpaceX, will provide internet from the constellation of low Earth orbit satellites with low latency and high speed compared to submarine cables. 46. The United States Lost the Space Race With the discovery of water ice on the moon, a self-sufficient base becomes a real possibility. We're going to the moon, but only if some corporation takes us. 47. In Memoriam: the Fallen Defenders of G'oldurree When We Are Gone, Will There Be Anyone to Mourn Our Passing? 48. First-ever Image Of A Multi-planet System Around A Sun-like Star In this thread, the HackerNoon Community discusses their thoughts on scientific evolution, its consequences, and our favorite Hubble images. 49. Spacetex: Clothes Made for Space, the Fiber Behind Gravity Spacetex textile is changing the game in fashion introducing subcategories such as Dystopian Fashion and Techwear. 50. Latin America Seeks its Riches in Space by Reaching Jupiter in 30 Days JOVE is a novel solar-powered mission that will use the solar wind's momentum, speed, and direction as the propulsive thrust to reach Jupiter in 30 days 51. The REAL Life of Pi: Ethereal, Romantic, Mysterious And Completely Memorizing “Probably no symbol in mathematics has evoked as much mystery, romanticism, misconception and human interest as the number Pi” ~William L. Schaaf, Nature and History of Pi. π 52. Space Exploration: New Frontier For Technological Innovations From the earliest known periods of human history, people have always been fascinated by the big yellow ball that provided light and heat, the tiny light dots shimmering in and regularly recurring tailed streaks dashing across the night sky. We wanted to know more about those objects, but the crippling limitations in our knowledge and technology didn’t allow that. 53. Starhopper: The Prototype Of Starship By SpaceX SpaceX is a space exploration company owned by a genius and a visionary Elon Musk who’s also the CEO of Tesla Inc. The main goal of SpaceX is to make space travel and exploration easy and efficient. Throughout the years, Elon Musk has done a lot of amazing things and has stayed completely open to the questions of the people. I think that Elon Musk’s transparency is his best quality. Anyways, let’s take a closer look at the latest advancement of SpaceX. 54. Can Satellites Help Combat Global Warming? In this slogging thread, our technology channel took the chance to discuss this news about the possibility of satellites helping fight global warming. 55. The Ongoing Mars Missions: Are We Ready to Live on the Red Planet? Back in the '60s, we saw the biggest and heated space race to the moon and now we are in the space race to Mars. The coming year is going to bring some exciting news and adventures about life on Mars. NASA is not alone this time either, there are several other space agencies sending Mars missions. But why are these space organizations spending their millions on such missions? Just to know one thing— could humans live on Mars? Does life exist on the red planet? 56. What 2021 Scientific Discovery Excited You the Most? In this slogging thread, our community shared their favorite scientific discoveries of the year. 57. The Long Game in the Space Industry: Why the Need to Transcend Requires Time and Effort Monica’s log, Stardate… I have been wanting to articulate some of my thoughts about the notion of time and effort for the space industry. Allow me to state some of my premises in advance. 58. Houston, We Have a Problem. There’s Not Enough Women on this Spaceship! Celebrate this Intentional Holiday with Girls that Rule the World! 59. The Space Tech Startup Making Our Internet A Better Place With Lasers🖖 Greetings, humans. I remote chat this afternoon with Rohit Jha, the CEO & Co-Founder of Transcelestial Technologies, a startup building light speed communications infrastructure for the next 100 years. 60. Visualizing Asteroids in Python with Bokeh and NASA APIs A GET request to the Astronomy Picture of the Day (APOD) web service on September 18, 2020, returned the above photo of the spiral galaxy Arp 78.  APOD is one of many APIs available through NASA Open APIs.  Like APOD, some include imagery, such as the Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) API, which returns images like this: 61. Into Space MANY of my readers will remember the mysterious radio messages which were heard by both amateur and professional short wave operators during the night 62. NexOS, Internet of Things (IoT), And Beyond: Part I Understanding the inspiration and history behind Nexus helps convey the current vision. This is the first of three articles covering pertinent aspects of Nexus’ history in which the context is set for the burgeoning NexOS (Nexus Operating System), and its innovative security principles are introduced. 63. Argentina’s Steady And Visionary Path To Space Is An Inspiring Tale Which path is required for us to reach new worlds? Argentina’s history in the space industry shows an unwavering course of perseverance and resilience. Thank you for checking out the 63 most read stories about Space on HackerNoon. to find the most read stories about any technology. Visit the /Learn Repo

63 Stories To Learn About Space

Let’s write an essay! But that’s an impossible task. However, we can create a process that, if run forever, would generate an infinitely long essay. . infinitely long Close enough Now, you can obviously generate a long and repetitive essay with a single line of Python code: >>> "This is water. " * 20
'This is water. This is water. This is water. This is water. This is water. This is water. This is water. This is water. This is water. This is water. This is water. This is water. This is water. This is water. This is water. This is water. This is water. This is water. This is water. This is water. ' … boooring! Instead, we will generate a much more interesting essay using the State design pattern in this article. Yaawn First, we will understand what state machines are and how they’re related to the State design pattern. Next, we will create a state machine that can generate a (reasonably) interesting and infinite essay. Then, we will briefly go over the state design pattern. Finally, we will translate that state machine into object-oriented code using the state design pattern. Software design patterns are effective ways to solve commonly occurring problems. When applied appropriately, software design patterns like the state pattern can help you write better scalable, maintainable, and testable software. State Machine In essence, the State design pattern translates a State Machine into object-oriented code. If you aren’t familiar with state machines, it’s a pretty simple concept. A state machine has and . States are certain properties of our system of interest, and state transitions are actions that change these properties and thereby also cause a state change. states transitions Since I have a Robotics background (among other things) and because state machines are used extensively in Robotics, I’ll use a simple example of a robot vacuum cleaner to illustrate how state machines work. The state machine diagram paints an intuitive picture of how the robot operates, even if you’ve never encountered state machines. Let’s go over this operation step by step. The robot starts in the state (the black dot indicates the starting state). Docked If the robot detects its battery is low, it begins charging itself ( state) until its battery is full. Once the battery is full, it returns to the state. Charging Docked In the state, if the robot detects that the floor is dirty (and its battery is not low), it starts cleaning the floor ( state). Docked Cleaning In the state, if the robot gets low on battery, then it goes to charge itself. And if the floor is clean, the robot returns to its dock ( state). Cleaning Docked Thus, our robot vacuum cleaner has three states — , , and — and has transitions based on sensory detection of the floor and its battery. Docked Cleaning Charging Simple state machine for infinite essay Now that we understand state machines at a basic level let’s create a state machine capable of writing an infinite essay. Above is a state machine that uses English grammar to generate an essay comprised of short, simple sentences. I promise we’ll get to a more interesting version very soon, but this should serve as a good starting point for understanding. Let’s go over how it works. Starting in the state, we generate a noun by picking from some pre-defined list of nouns. Let’s say our noun is “The World”. (sentence so far: “The World”) Noun Then we end up in the state, generating a verb next (say, “barks”). (sentence so far: “The World barks”) Verb We generate an adjective (say, “red”) in the state. (sentence so far: “The World barks red”) Adjective Then, in the state, we generate one of the terminating punctuation marks, say “!”. (sentence: “The World barks red!”) Endmark Finally, we’re back in the state to generate our next sentence in the essay. Noun This state machine might generate a (nonsensical) essay that looks like this. The World barks red! Cousin Harry rains foul? The tigers shimmer fun. … Non-deterministic state machine for infinite essay Although “non-deterministic” sounds complicated, for our purposes, it just means adding in some randomness. Essentially we’re adding a kind of a coin toss before transitioning to some of the states. You’ll see what I mean. The non-deterministic state machine above is very similar to the one before. The only differences are: Negations are words like “no” or “not,” and conjunctions are words like “and” and “but.” In the state, we generate a verb and then we toss a coin. If it lands heads (50% probability), we go to the state; otherwise we go to the state. Verb Negation Adjective Similarly, in the state, we generate an adjective and then toss a coin. If heads, we go to the state; if it is tails, then we go to the state. Adjective Conjunction Endmark With the introduction of randomness, negation, and conjunctions, we can now generate more interesting and variable-length sentences. State Design Pattern Now, let’s understand how the state design pattern works. Again, remember that we’re trying to translate a state machine to object-oriented code. In the essay generation state machine, observe that every state needs to do two things. Perform some action. In this case, generating a word (noun, adjective, etc.). Transition to the next state. From to , and so on. Noun Verb From the point of view of a particular state, there is that it needs to know about or do. Instead of being bogged down by the complexity of the entire system — all its states and transitions — we can just focus on one state at a time. In my view, this kind of and is the biggest selling point of the State pattern. nothing else isolation decoupling Below, we have a diagram for the State design pattern. There is some context in which each of the states operates, illustrated by the class. The context object has a private state attribute, which it uses to call the current state to perform its action. Each state implements a interface with methods for performing its action or operation and returning the next state. UML Context State If we map this onto the essay generation example, the UML diagram looks like this. is now an abstract class (indicated by italics) instead of an interface. Abstract classes can have some abstract (not implemented) methods and attributes, while others can be defined. Interfaces are totally abstract: all their methods are abstract. I made this change because implementation is the same across all the states, and avoiding duplicate code is good. WordState generateWord Let’s break down each of the attributes and methods above. In the class, we have: EssayContext : Reference to the current object. state WordState : List of all the words generated so far. essayBody : Setter to change the attribute. setState() state : Method to add the next word to the essay body. addWord() : We call this method to generate our essay; we stop when the has length greater than . generateEssay() essayBody length : Returns a string of the generated essay. printEssay() In the abstract class , we have: WordState : Abstract property (indicated by italics) for a list of words from which we choose words to generate. wordList : Method which adds generated word to the essay context. generateWord() : Abstract method for returning the next state. nextState() We’ll use as a representative example for all the other concrete states inherited from . NounState WordState : A list of nouns from which we choose words to generate. wordList : Returns the next state. nextState() Now, we have everything we need to actually implement this in code. Let’s go ahead and do just that! Python Code Let’s first write the class in a file called . We'll ditch camel case and switch to snake case because, well, Python is a... snake (sorry). EssayContext essay_context.py from word_state import WordState


class EssayContext:
    def __init__(self, state: WordState):
        self.state = state
        self.essay_body: list[str] = []

    def set_state(self, state: WordState):
        self.state = state

    def add_word(self, word: str):
        self.essay_body.append(word)

    def generate_essay(self, length: int):
        while len(self.essay_body) < length:
            self.state.generate_word(self)

    def print_essay(self) -> str:
        return " ".join(self.essay_body) Then, let’s add the states in a file called . word_state.py import abc
import numpy as np


class WordState(abc.ABC):
    word_list: list[str]

    @classmethod
    def generate_word(cls, context: "EssayContext"):
        word = np.random.choice(cls.word_list)
        context.add_word(word)
        context.set_state(cls.next_state())

    @classmethod
    @abc.abstractmethod
    def next_state(cls) -> "WordState":
        pass


class NounState(WordState):
    word_list: list[str] = ["everything", "nothing"]

    @classmethod
    def next_state(cls):
        return VerbState


class VerbState(WordState):
    word_list: list[str] = ["is", "was", "will be"]

    @classmethod
    def next_state(cls):
        heads = np.random.rand() < 0.5
        if heads:
            return NegationState
        return AdjectiveState


class NegationState(WordState):
    word_list: list[str] = ["not"]

    @classmethod
    def next_state(cls):
        return AdjectiveState


class AdjectiveState(WordState):
    word_list: list[str] = ["fantastic", "terrible"]

    @classmethod
    def next_state(cls):
        heads = np.random.rand() < 0.5
        if heads:
            return ConjunctionState
        return EndmarkState


class ConjunctionState(WordState):
    word_list: list[str] = ["and", "but"]

    @classmethod
    def next_state(cls):
        return NounState


class EndmarkState(WordState):
    word_list: list[str] = [".", "!"]

    @classmethod
    def next_state(cls):
        return NounState Finally, let’s add code to run everything in . main.py from essay_context import EssayContext
from word_state import NounState


if __name__ == '__main__':
    ctx = EssayContext(NounState)
    ctx.generate_essay(100)
    print(ctx.print_essay()) Running gives us the following output (different each time because of non-determinism): python main.py 'everything is not terrible and nothing was terrible ! everything will be not fantastic but everything is fantastic . everything will be fantastic . nothing will be fantastic and nothing will be terrible ! everything was not fantastic and everything will be not terrible . everything was terrible . nothing was terrible but nothing will be fantastic ! nothing is not terrible . nothing was not fantastic but everything was not fantastic ! everything will be not fantastic but everything will be terrible ! everything will be not fantastic . everything is fantastic but nothing will be not terrible ! everything will be not fantastic but nothing was not fantastic !' Not bad for such a simple system! We can also extend the various word lists or add more states to make the essay generation more sophisticated. We could even introduce some LLM APIs to take our essays to the next level. Final thoughts State machines and the State pattern are a great fit to model and create systems with a well-defined notion of a “state.” That is, there are specific behaviors and properties associated with each state. The robot vacuum cleaner is cleaning, docked or charging. Your TV can be ON or OFF, and the TV remote buttons will act differently based on the TV’s state. It’s also a good fit for generating or identifying sequences with a well-defined pattern. This applies to our essay generation example. Finally, you might ask, “What’s the point of all this?” Why did we go through all the trouble defining the various states and classes to generate this “infinite” essay? We could have written 20 (or fewer) lines of Python code to achieve the same behavior. The short answer is for better . scalability Imagine if, instead of just three or five states, we had 50 or 500 states. This isn’t hyperbole; real enterprise systems do have that level of complexity. Suddenly, the State pattern seems much more appealing because of its decoupling and isolation. We can just focus on one state at a time without having to keep the entire system in our heads. It’s easier to introduce changes since one state won’t affect others. It also allows for easier unit testing, a big part of a scalable and maintainable system. Ultimately, the State pattern is not just about managing states; like all design patterns, it’s a blueprint for building systems that are as scalable and maintainable as they are sophisticated.

Writing an Infinitely Long Essay Using State Pattern in Python

পাইথনে স্টেট প্যাটার্ন ব্যবহার করে একটি অসীম দীর্ঘ প্রবন্ধ লেখা

Einen unendlich langen Aufsatz mit State Pattern in Python schreiben

Escribir un ensayo infinitamente largo usando un patrón de estado en Python

Écrire un essai infiniment long à l'aide d'un modèle d'état en Python

पायथन में राज्य पैटर्न का उपयोग करके एक अनंत लंबा निबंध लिखना

Python で状態パターンを使用して無限に長いエッセイを書く

Python에서 상태 패턴을 사용하여 무한히 긴 에세이 작성

Escrevendo um ensaio infinitamente longo usando padrão de estado em Python

Написание бесконечно длинного эссе с использованием шаблона состояния в Python

Python'da Durum Desenini Kullanarak Sonsuz Uzun Bir Deneme Yazmak

Viết một bài luận dài vô tận bằng cách sử dụng mẫu trạng thái trong Python

在 Python 中使用状态模式写一篇无限长的论文

UI Throwback: Creating a Retro Progress Bar for iOS using CALayers

UI থ্রোব্যাক: CALayers ব্যবহার করে iOS-এর জন্য একটি রেট্রো প্রোগ্রেস বার তৈরি করা

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Retour sur l'interface utilisateur : création d'une barre de progression rétro pour iOS à l'aide de CALayers

यूआई थ्रोबैक: CALayers का उपयोग करके iOS के लिए एक रेट्रो प्रोग्रेस बार बनाना

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Retrocesso da IU: criação de uma barra de progresso retrô para iOS usando CALayers

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Kullanıcı Arayüzü Gerilemesi: CALayers'ı kullanarak iOS için Retro İlerleme Çubuğu oluşturma

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UI 复古：使用 CALayers 创建 iOS 复古进度条

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Resilience in Couture: Donatella Versace's Journey Through Fashion and Mental Health

312 Stories To Learn About Future

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